Description

Title

[0001 ] Apparatus and method for the manufacture of an emulsion.

Cross Relation to Other Applications

[0002] The present invention claims priority from German Patent Application No. 10 2008 003 577.7.

Field of the Invention

[0003] The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the manufacture of an emulsion. The emulsion comprises oil and water.

Background of the Invention

[0004] An emulsion is a finely dispersed mixture of two immiscible liquids. Specially prepared emulsions are widely used and their industrial and commercial application cannot be ignored. Emulsions are used not only in the cosmetic sector but also in the pharmaceutical and food sectors. Emulsions also play an important role in combustion processes. Emulsions used in combustion processes are emulsions that are comprised of oil and water. An emulsion that is comprised of oil and water is used for the production of energy.

[0005] Examples of oil and water emulsions have been reported in a German newspaper report in "Hamburger Abendblatt" on the 6 September 2003. The newspaper report contained an article written by Jόrg Frenzel. The newspaper report stated that "Diesel mixtures want to conquer the world market" (see the website article http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2003/09/06/204883.html). The website article describes the use of an oil and water emulsion. The oil and water emulsion is used for energy production onboard a research vessel and a passenger/cruise vessel. The article also discloses an apparatus for the manufacture of fuel. The apparatus is made by the Hamburg based company Schiffs und Industrietechnik (SIT) and the company Feinwerktechniek Schulz Wedel. According to the article the apparatus for the manufacture of the fuel contains a form of a turbine and a special motor that flings the liquids (oil and water)

against a wall surrounding a rotor (stator). An emulsion of oil and water is manufactured due to the movement of the liquids and the pressure in the apparatus.

[0006] The company Magnetic Technologies LLC, located in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates, has also developed a magnetic apparatus for the manufacture of fuel. The magnetic apparatus treats the liquids magnetically to form an oil and water. The oil and water emulsion contains at least 20% water and sometimes contains more than 50% water (see also the website article "MHDRS for fuel oil treatment" viewed on the 3 January 2008 at http://www.magneticeast.com/eng/energy/fuelOIL.asp).

[0007] A German Utility Model No. DE 200 20 142 Ul discloses an apparatus for the manufacture of an oil and water emulsion. The apparatus disclosed by the German Utility Model No. DE 200 20 142 Ul comprises a layer between a stationary cylindrical housing in which a rotating body is positioned. A face of the rotating body has canals which are arranged in a radial direction and which have different dimensions. The outer surface of the rotating body has depression arranged in a direction along the axis of rotation. The oil and water are mixed to manufacture the oil and water emulsion in the gap between the outer surface of the rotating element and the cylindrical housing.

[0008] A European Patent EP 1 385 609 110 is titled "Method and apparatus for material processing". The European Patent EP 1 385 609 discloses an apparatus that comprises two cylindrical members. One of the cylindrical members is mounted within another one of the cylindrical elements and thus defining an annular processing chamber.

The materials to be processed are passed through the annular processing chamber between two closely spaced smooth surfaces provided by the respective cylindrical members. One of the cylindrical members rotates relative to the other one of the cylindrical members about their respective longitudinal axes which are coaxial to each other. The material forms material boundary layers against both of the surfaces of the cylindrical members. A radial spacing between the two surfaces is equal to or less than the back-to-back radial thicknesses of the two boundary layers. The smoothness of the surfaces are such that formation of Taylor vortices in a processing passage is inhibited.

[0009] A UK patent publication No. 888864 and a Swiss Patent No. 369434 are titled

"Apparatus for mixing" which is for homogenising fluid materials.". The apparatus comprises at least two components each having an operating surface which defines a surface of revolution about a common axis and each surface having a groove in it. The

groove in one component is helical and in the other component is straight. The operating surfaces face one another with their grooves defining a mixing space for a medium.

[00010] An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible substances, whereby one of the substances (called the dispersed phase) is in the form of into tiny droplets. These tiny droplets are mixed into the second substance (called the continuous phase). When referring to an emulsion of oil and water one refers either to oil in water emulsion or water in oil emulsion.

[00011] Emulsions are stable only for a limited amount of time. During the manufacture of an emulsion the surface area of the two phases increases. When an emulsion loses its stability the surface tension between the phases is overcome and a new interface is formed between the phases. To overcome the interface between the two phases mechanical work is required and needs to be applied to the two phases. The mechanical work mixes the two immiscible substances. The aim thereby is to reduce the so called shear forces occurring between the droplets.

[00012] During the manufacture of emulsions, tensides (referred to as emulsifϊers) are used to reduce the surface tension. The amount of tenside used often depends upon the size of the droplets of the disperse phase. Furthermore the amount of tenside to be added depends upon the amount of the phase present.

[00013] Several methods are known for the manufacture of emulsions. These methods apply mechanical work to the two phases. Examples of such apparatus include:

- fast rotating mixers - high pressure homogenizers

- fast moving vibrating knifes (piezo electrical)

- ultrasonic generators

- emulsifying centrifuges

- colloid mills - fine sprayers.

[00014] For example, US Patent Nr 3,749,318 granted to Dr. Cottell discloses a method for the manufacture of and the combustion of an oil and water emulsion. The manufactured water and oil emulsion comprises between 10% and 50% water. The oil and water are routed via conduits to a chamber. In the chamber a sonic vibrating element is

installed. The strong vibrations cause the emulsion to be manufactured. The emulsion is subsequently fed directly into a combustion chamber. Due to the manufacture of the emulsion by means of pressure waves, the chambers and a vibrating probe as well as the inlet and the outlet conduits must be built from a solid material and the must be able to withstand the continuous pressure changes.

[00015] There exists a need for an alternative solution for the manufacture of the oil and water emulsion which is simple in construction and economic to manufacture.

Summary of the Invention

[00016] The present invention discloses an apparatus and a method for the manufacture of an emulsion wherein the emulsion comprises at least two fluids.

[00017] The invention provides an apparatus for the manufacture of an emulsion. The emulsion comprises at least a first fluid and at least a second fluid. The apparatus comprises a housing with a first inlet for the entry of the first fluid and a second inlet for the entry of the second fluid. The housing further comprises an outlet for the manufactured emulsion from the housing. Additionally the apparatus has a rotating element which has a shovel shaped contoured thread in a portion. The shovel-shaped contoured thread allows the conveyance of the emulsion from the first inlet and the second inlet to the outlet.

[00018] The apparatus of the present invention shows that it has a very simple construction and is useful for many applications in which an emulsion is needed and where an emulsion needs to be produced. The first fluid can be oil, for example diesel oil, or any other flammable liquid such as:

- benzene

- bunker oil

- kerosene

- olive oil - rape seed oil (and other bio fuels).

[00019] The second fluid can be water. The manufactured emulsion can be used with a combustion unit. When used with a combustion unit the apparatus can be used in:

- aviation - automobile engines

- central heating systems

- cranes etc goods vehicles

- naval engines

- railroad engines.

[00020] The oil in the emulsion prepared according to the present invention can be burned under optimal conditions.

[00021] In a further aspect of the present invention the rotating element and or the housing can have a cylindrical or a conical or a frustoconical shape. The shape allows for a simple construction as well as good mixing of the first fluid with the second fluid.

[00022] According to a further aspect of the present invention the shape of the rotating element is spirally formed in a thread-like manner, such as a helix with a slope which is section-wise constant. In a further aspect of the present invention the slope of the contoured thread can be variable. Such shapes result in an improved manner of transport or mixing of the mixture (emulsion).

[00023] In a further aspect of the present invention, the rotating element can include a drive shaft. The rotating element is driven using the drive shaft and is set to a desired rotation speed so that emulsions of different compositions can be manufactured.

[00024] In a further aspect of the present invention, the cross section of the first inlet is smaller than the cross section of the second inlet. The continuous phase can be introduced through the second inlet according to requirements. The continuous phase is that phase in which the droplets of the other phase "swim" (i.e. are dispersed).

[00025] In a further aspect of the present invention the first inlet and/or the second inlet of the housing is formed in such a way that the direction of flow from the first inlet and/or the direction of flow from the second inlet are vertical to a line of rotation with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotating element. This provides a simple construction or assembly of the apparatus according to the present invention. With this construction an optimal mixing of the respective fluids is achieved. According to a further aspect of the present invention, the invention can be constructed in such a way that the emulsion flow from the outlet is vertical with respect to the rotation axis of the rotating element.

[00026] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is a gap between the housing and the inside edge of the housing and the outside edge of the contoured thread of the rotating element. The dimensions of the gap in relation to the rotating element lead to the formation of tiny droplets of the fluids by the mechanical work of the rotating element. This mechanical work on the fluids produces the emulsion.

[00027] According to a further aspect of the present invention, the pitch of the contoured thread corresponds to at least the width of the gap.

[00028] Furthermore the width of the gap between the housing and the contoured thread can be in the range of between 0.1 mm to 5.0 mm. The narrowness of the gap leads to an increase in the temperature of the emulsion due to frictional forces. This can decrease the viscosity of the emulsion.

[00029] In a further aspect of the present invention, a drive shaft is connected with a motor. The motor can be, for example, be provided by a combustion engine or an electrical motor. The motor is connected with a regulating system or a control unit for the manufacture of the emulsion. The regulating system or the control unit can control the fluid flow through a meter and/or flow through governor in such a way to ensure that the desired mixing proportion of both of the fluids for the production of the emulsion can be controlled.

[00030] According to a further aspect of the present invention, the rotating element of the apparatus for use in the manufacture of the emulsion of oil and water has a rotation speed in the range between 8,000 revolutions per minute to 12,000 revolutions per minute. Therefore an emulsion of oil and water can be optimally produced. The ratio of the mixed fluids could be 10% water and 90% oil.

[00031] According to a further aspect of the present invention the apparatus as described above is connected to an entry point of a combustion unit. The connection of the apparatus with the combustion unit allows the immediate combustion of the emulsion of oil and water. The combustion unit can for example be a combustion motor, a turbine, a furnace, etc.

[00032] In a further aspect of the present invention as described, the first fluid can be oil, such as a hydrocarbon, and the second fluid can be water. The mixing ratio in an

alternative aspect of the present invention can be 10% water and 90% oil. An emulsion is thereby manufactured by the apparatus which stays stable for at least 5 minutes. The emulsion as it is fed into a burner or the combustion unit burns stably. The burning water "explodes" and this explosion leads to a more efficient combustion of the oil. An example can be a combustion engine, which normally uses diesel oil and can therefore be more efficiently utilised.

[00033] According to a further aspect of the present invention, the apparatus comprises a pre-mixer with a centrifugal head attached to the cylindrical rotating element. The centrifugal head comprises a plurality of radial bores that receive the first fluid and the second fluid. Due to the rotating action of the cylindrical rotating element the emulsion is premixed as it is slung from the radial bores due to a centrifugal force of the rotating element in the apparatus.

[00034] According to a further aspect of the present invention, a method for the manufacture of the emulsion is disclosed. The method uses at least one fluid to which a second fluid is added. The method comprises allowing a first fluid to flow via a first inlet into a housing and a second fluid to flow via a second inlet into the housing. The rotating element is at least partially placed in the housing. A mixing of the incoming first fluid with the incoming second fluid occurs in a gap between the housing and the inside wall of the housing by the rotating element leads to the manufacture of the emulsion. The manufactured emulsion flows from the housing via the outlet.

[00035] In a further aspect of the present invention, the method uses an analyser to analyse the composition of the manufactured emulsion. In order to check the composition an appropriate measuring instrument can be used which analyses the composition of the first fluid and/or the second fluid used to manufacture the emulsion or to analyse the manufactured emulsion.

[00036] In a further aspect of the present invention, the method comprises a regulator for regulating and/or controlling the flow of the first fluid and/or the second fluid for controlling the composition of the manufactured emulsion.

[00037] According to a further aspect of the present invention, a method for the combustion of the emulsion is provided.

[00038] According to a further aspect of the present invention the housing and the rotating element can be constructed out of a metal, such as steel, aluminium, cast iron etc.

[00039] It should be understood that the above features can be combined with features of the invention to give further aspects of the present invention.

[00040] Furthermore, the properties and the features of the present invention are to be understood with reference of the following drawings and the following detailed description to give an example of the present invention. This is purely exemplary and is in no way, shape, manner or form to be construed as limiting. The detailed description serves primarily to allow a person skilled in the art to work the invention.

Description of the Figures

Figure 1 shows a schematic cross section of the apparatus according to an aspect of the invention.

Figure 2 shows the enlarged cross sectional view of Figure 1.

Figure 3 shows a flow diagram of a method according to the invention.

Figure 4 shows a schematic cross section of the apparatus according to a further aspect of the invention.

Detailed Description

[00041] Figure 1 shows a representation of an example of an apparatus 10 of the present invention for the manufacture of an emulsion 20.

[00042] The apparatus 10 comprises a housing 30, which in the depicted example is in the shape of a hollow cylinder. In a further example the housing 30 can have a conical or frustoconical shape. The housing 30 is preferably made from a metal or a metal alloy, for example, cast iron, steel, aluminium etc. Furthermore the housing 30 can have reinforcing ribs.

[00043] In a first, i.e. front, end or in the area of a first end of the housing 30 a first inlet

40 and a second inlet 50 are found. Both the first inlet 40 and as the second inlet 50 are monolithically constructed with the housing 30 as shown in Figure 1 of the apparatus 10 of the invention for the production of the emulsion 20.

[00044] In Figure 1 are shown the first inlet 40 which carries a first fluid 21 and the second inlet 50 which carries a second fluid 22. The first inlet 40 and the second inlet 50 are constructed in parallel to each other. The first inlet 40 and the second inlet 50 have a circular flow cross section.

[00045] In a second, i.e. rear end or in the area of a second end of the housing 30 an outlet 60 is found. The outlet 60 serves as a discharge outlet for the manufactured emulsion 20 from the apparatus 10 of the first fluid 21 and the second fluid 22. The outlet 60 can include a measuring device 61 which analyses the composition of the manufactured emulsion 20.

[00046] The outlet 60 as shown in the example of Figure 1 is monolithically constructed with the housing 30, as is the first inlet 40 as well as the second inlet 50. The outlet 60 shows a circular discharge cross section or flow through cross section.

[00047] The first inlet 40 and the second inlet 50 as well as the outlet 60 are situated on the circumference of the housing 30. It is also possible that the first inlet 40 and the second inlet 50 and/or the outlet 60 can be located at the respective ends of the housing 30.

[00048] Figure 1 shows the apparatus 10 and furthermore a cylindrical rotating element

70 which has substantially a cylindrical shaped body, and is constructed as a cylinder. The cylinder of the cylindrical rotating element 70 extends inside the housing 30 from the beginning of the housing 30 to the end of the housing 30. The cylinder of the cylindrical rotating element 70 has a drive shaft 90. The housing 30 shows on its first end or front end a first housing cover 33 and on the rear side or the second end a second housing cover 32.

[00049] The drive shaft 90 of the cylindrical rotating element 70 is supported by supports 31 which are placed in the front end and rear end of the housing covers 33 and

32. The front housing cover 33 and the rear housing cover 32 are made of metal or a metal alloy, for example steel, cast iron, aluminium etc. The drive shaft 90 and the cylindrical

rotating element 70 are connected with a motor 91. The motor 91 can, for example, be an electromotor or a combustion engine.

[00050] The cylindrical rotating element 70 comprises a contoured thread 80, which has a shovel (scale) like profile that runs section-wise, along the cylindrical rotating element 70 and its rotation line or rotation axis X.

[00051] Figure 1 shows an example of the cylindrical rotating element 70 and the contoured thread 80 which has a shape similar to a screw. Alternatively the contoured thread 80 can also have a spiral-like shape; in this case the cylindrical rotating element 70 should be in conical form or frustoconical form.

[00052] The screw-like shape of the cylindrical rotating element 70 together with the contoured thread 80 ensures that the incoming first fluid 21 from the first inlet 40 and the incoming second fluid 22 from the second inlet 50 are mixed into an emulsion 20 and are conveyed from the first inlet 40 and the second inlet 50 to the outlet 60 The emulsion 20 can exit the apparatus 10 via the outlet 60.

[00053] The first fluid 21 is preferably oil, for example diesel oil. The second fluid 22 is preferably water. In the example of the apparatus 10 in Figure 1, the first inlet 40 has a cross section 41, which is almost identical to a cross section 51 of the second inlet 50. In an alternative aspect of the present invention the cross section 41 of the first inlet 40 is smaller than the cross section 51 of the second inlet 50.

[00054] The first inlet 40 and the second inlet 50 have a tubular form and are oriented in such a way that the flow direction of the first fluid 21 and the second fluid 22 is substantially vertical with respect to the rotation axis X of the cylindrical rotating element 70. The outlet 60 (as shown in Figure 1) also has a tubular form. The direction of the flow from the outlet 60 of the emulsion 20 is substantially vertical with respect to the rotation line (rotation axis X) of the cylindrical rotating element 70.

[00055] Between the housing 30 and the contoured thread 80 of the cylindrical rotating element 70 is a gap 100. The gap 100 is constructed in such a way that the mixing of the first fluid 21 with the second fluid 22 by the apparatus 10 leads to the manufacture of the emulsion 20.

[00056] The outlet 60 of the apparatus 10 for the manufacture of the emulsion 20 is connected with an entry 111 of a combustion unit 110. The combustion unit 110 can be, for example, a combustion motor, turbine or an oven for use with a heating system.

[00057] The housing 30 of the apparatus 10 can have further channels (not shown) in which a cooling medium such as a cooling liquid circulates. The further channels keep the operation of the apparatus 10 at a desired temperature.

[00058] Furthermore an injector (not shown) can be located in the first inlet 40 and/or the second inlet 50.

[00059] Figure 2 shows an enlargement of Figure 1 of the apparatus 10 according to the present invention for the manufacture of an emulsion 20 with the first fluid 21 and the second fluid 22. The first fluid 21 flows from the first inlet 40 into the housing 30. The second fluid 22 flows from the second inlet 50 into the housing 30 of the apparatus 10.

[00060] In the first inlet 40 a flow meter and /or a flow-through regulator 42 can be installed. This flow meter and/or flow-through regulator 42 regulates and controls the quantity and pressure of the incoming first fluid 21 into the housing 30. In the second inlet 50, a flow meter and/or a flow-through regulator 52 can be installed. This flow meter and/or flow-through regulator 52 regulates and controls the quantity and pressure of the incoming second fluid 22 into the housing 30. Typically the oil will enter the apparatus 10 at a pressure of 1.5 bar. Water pressure in normal water mains is typically at a pressure of 4 to 6 bar. Therefore the flow-through regulator 42 and/or the flow-through regulator 52 will need to ensure that the pressure of the two fluids entering the apparatus is substantially the same.

[00061] The cross section 41 of the first inlet 40 and the cross section 51 of the second inlet 50 has a circular construction. The flow meter and/or the flow regulator 42 of the first inlet 40 and the flow meter and/or flow regulator 52 of the second inlet 50 can control the quantity and pressure of the incoming first fluid 21 and the quantity and pressure of the incoming second fluid 22 in accordance with the desired composition of the emulsion 20 to be manufactured. This measurement is in correlation to a measuring instrument 61 which is placed at the outlet 60.

[00062] The measuring instrument 61 can be connected to form a closed circuit in the apparatus 10 with the flow meter and /or the flow- through regulator 42 of the first inlet 40 and with the flow meter and/or flow-though regulator 52 of the second inlet 50, to manufacture the emulsion 20.

[00063] The cylindrical rotating element 70 comprises, as already described, the contoured thread 80 which has a shovel-like profile and is positioned in a spiral manner around the cylindrical rotating element 70. The cylindrical rotating element 70 as well as the contoured thread 80 has a thread-like structure. The pitch 81 is a distance between two adjacent threads, as is shown in the example of Figure 1 and the distance is constant. A lead angle 82 of the contoured thread 80 is preferably between 5° and 30°. It will be noted that in one aspect of the invention the direction of rotation of the cylindrical rotating element 70 is opposite to the direction of pitch of the contoured thread 80. The cylindrical rotating element 70 is in one aspect of the invention rotated in a clockwise manner.

[00064] Between the outside edge of the contoured thread 80 of the cylindrical rotating element 70 and the inside of the housing 30 is the gap 100. A gap width 101 of the gap 100 is between 0.1 mm to 5.0 mm.

[00065] Figure 3 shows a flow diagram of an example for the manufacture of emulsions 20 from the first fluid 21 and the second fluid 22. The first fluid 21 can be as already described oil (e.g. diesel oil, rapeseed oil, kerosene etc.). The second fluid 22 can be as already described water.

[00066] The initial step 310 for the manufacture of emulsion method is followed by step 320. The oil 21 flows into the housing 30 via the first inlet 40 (see Figures 1 & 2). In step

330 the water 22 flows into the housing 30 via the second inlet 50. The influx of the oil 21 and the water 22 can occur one after the other or simultaneously.

[00067] In step 340 the cylindrical rotating element 70 (i.e. the cylindrical rotating element 70 with the contoured thread 80) is rotated. The cylindrical rotating element 70 can be partially taken up in the housing 30.

[00068] In step 350 a mixing of the incoming flow of the oil 21 with the incoming, flow of the water 22 in the gap 100 occurs. The emulsion 20 is produced from the oil 21 and the water 22. The gap 100 is positioned between the housing 30 and the cylindrical rotating

element 70. The cylindrical rotating element 70 rotates during the production of the emulsion 20. The cylindrical rotating element 70 with the contoured thread 80 has a rotation with a revolution per minute speed of between 8,000 revolutions per minute and 12,000 revolutions per minute. These values are, however, not limiting of the invention.

[00069] In step 360 the manufactured emulsion 20 flows via the outlet 60 out of the housing 30 and out of the apparatus 10. In step 370 the manufactured emulsion 20 is carried to a combustion unit 110 and is burned with oxygen.

[00070] The composition of the emulsion 20 can be analysed with the use of the measuring device 61 (see Figure 1) which is located at the outlet 60. Here the concentration of the first fluid 21 and/or the second fluid 22 in the produced and/or formed emulsion 20 can be measured.

[00071] Further the flow meter and/or flow-through regulator 42 in the first inlet 40 and the flow meter and/or flow-through regulator 52 of the second inlet 50 can be adjusted to control and/or regulate the manufactured emulsion 20. In other words the incoming quantity and pressure of the first fluid 21 and/or the second fluid 22 can be adapted to the requirements of the composition of the manufactured emulsion 20.

[00072] The manufactured emulsion 20 with the desired concentration of the first fluid

21 and the second fluid 22 can then be fed into the combustion unit 110 to burn with oxygen, for example air.

[00073] The manufactured emulsion 20 comprises preferably at least 10% water 22 and 90% oil 21. In the literature references to emulsions are found which contain more than

20% water. The emulsion 20 remains stable for about 5 min and can be rapidly fed to the combustion unit 110 to be optimally burned.

[00074] The described apparatus 10 and the method provide a solution for the manufacture of an emulsion 20, which is composed of oil 21 and water 22.

[00075] In a further aspect of the present invention as described with reference to Figure

4, the apparatus 10 further comprises a premixing chamber 120. In the premixing chamber

120 the first fluid 21 and the second fluid 22 are premixed before they are further mixed in the gap 100 of the apparatus 10 (as discussed above). In the premixing chamber 120 the

cylindrical rotating element 70 comprises a centrifugal head 125. The centrifugal head 125 comprises a plurality of radial bores 130. During the operation of the apparatus 10, the first fluid 21, enters the apparatus 10 via the first inlet 40 and the second fluid 22 enters the apparatus 10 via the second inlet 50. The first fluid 21 and the second fluid 22 enter the premixing chamber 125 wherein the first fluid 21 and the second fluid 22 then enter the plurality of radial bores 130. Due to the rotating action of the cylindrical rotating element 70 the first fluid 21 and the second fluid 22 are premixed due to a centrifugal force created by the cylindrical rotating element 70. As the cylindrical rotating element 70 rotates the first fluid 21 and the second fluid 22 are ejected from the plurality of radial bores 130 and slung against the inside of the housing 30 where they are premixed in the premixing chamber 120.

[00076] The premixed emulsion 20 is then further mixed in the gap 100. The gap 100 is positioned between the housing 30 and the cylindrical rotating element 70. The cylindrical rotating element 70 rotates during the manufacture of the emulsion 20. The cylindrical rotating element 70 with the contoured thread 80 has a rotation with a revolution per minute speed of between 8,000 revolutions per minute and 12,000 revolutions per minute. These values are, however, not limiting of the invention.

[00077] The emulsion 20 flows via a transport chamber 135 to the outlet 60 out of the housing 30 and out of the apparatus 10. The manufactured emulsion 20 may be transported to a combustion unit 110 (not shown) and is burned with oxygen.

[00078] The composition of the manufactures emulsion 20 can be analysed with the use of the measuring device 61 that is located at the outlet 60. Here the composition of the manufactured emulsion 20 can be measured.

[00079] Having thus described the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention thereof. The person skilled in the art will recognise that the invention can be practiced with modification within the scope of the attached claims. At least, it should be noted that the invention is not limited to the detailed description of the invention and/or of the examples of the invention. What is desired to be protected by letters patent is set forth in the following claims.

Reference numerals

10 apparatus

20 emulsion

22 second fluid

21 first fluid 30 housing

32 second housing cover

33 first housing cover

40 first inlet

41 cross section of first inlet 42 flow meter and /or the flow-through regulator of the first inlet

50 second inlet

51 cross section of second inlet

52 flow meter and/or a flow through regulator of the second inlet

60 outlet 61 measuring instrument

70 cylindrical rotating element

80 thread

81 pitch

90 drive shaft 91 motor

100 gap

101 gap width

110 combustion unit

111 entry of combustion unit 120 premixing chamber

centrifugal head radial bores transport chamber