Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of apparatus for monitoring energy usage, and associated methods. In particular, the invention relates to apparatus for monitoring energy usage of a heated water device, such as a shower, bath, or the like.

Background

Increasingly, people are becoming more aware of environmental effects that may be caused as a result of their household consumption of resources, such as CO ₂ produced as a result of using electricity, gas or water. In addition, the cost of providing these resources is increasing in certain areas.

Consequently, people, such as household users of resources, are looking to become more aware of the day-to-day, month-to-month, or year-on-year amount of resources their households consume, and/or the associated cost to them of consuming such resources. One resource that is consumed on a regular basis is water. In many households, water is supplied from mains to the household for use by many appliances in addition to providing water for drinking purposes. It can be difficult to assess the real cost of consuming water, such as when using a shower, bath or the like.

Any listing or discussion of a prior-published document or any background in this specification should not necessarily be taken as an acknowledgement that the document or background is part of the state of the art or is common general knowledge. One or more aspects/embodiments of the invention may or may not address one or more of the background issues.

Summary

According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for monitoring energy usage of a heated water device, the apparatus configured to determine an amount of water used by a heated water device, the apparatus further configured to use an user defined initial temperature of water prior to use by a heated water device and the energy used to heat the water to a particular heated water temperature along with the determined amount of water used in order to provide for monitoring the energy usage of a heated water device.

The apparatus may be configured to calculate the energy required to heat a unit of water from the initial water temperature to the heated water temperature. The apparatus may be configured to multiply the energy required to heat a unit of water from the initial water temperature to the heated water temperature by the number of units of water in the determined amount of water used, in order to provide for monitoring the energy usage of a heated water device.

The initial water temperature may be based on the geographical location of use the apparatus, or the intended geographical location of use of the apparatus. The geographical location of the apparatus may be provided by a user.

The apparatus may be provided with a user interface. The user interface may be provided with an input user interface to allow a user to provide the geographical location. The input user interface may be a keypad, touch screen, or the like. The user interface may be provided with an output user interface to provide for displaying the geographical location. The output user interface may be a Light Emitting Diode display, Liquid Crystal Display, or the like. The output user interface and the input user interface may be provided by the same interface (e.g. touch screen).

The apparatus may be configured to allow a user to select from several geographical locations (e.g. using the user interface). The apparatus may be configured to determine the geographical location of the device. For example, the apparatus may be configured to use signals derived from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (e.g. Global Positioning System signals) to provide the geographical location of use of the apparatus. The apparatus may be configured to receive signals from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (e.g. Global Positioning System signals) to provide the geographical location of use of the apparatus. The apparatus may be configured to use wireless location data, such as cellular data (e.g. base station identities), service set identities, or the like, in order to provide the geographical location.

The apparatus may be configured such that the geographic location of the apparatus may be selected, or set, by a supplier, distributor, or the like, of the apparatus. The apparatus may be configured such that the geographical location of the device can be changed, or may be configured such that the geographical location is set (e.g. permanently set after initial use).

The geographical location of the apparatus may include one or more of: particular continents (e.g. Australasia), countries (e.g. Germany), regions of countries (e.g.

Brittany, Scotland, Wales), states (e.g. Florida), territorial regions (e.g. European Union), local regions (e.g. Essex, Derbyshire), cities, towns, villages (e.g. London, Stoke, etc.), or the like.

The geographical location of the apparatus may include one or more of: the postcode area (zip code area), street name, house number/name, or the like.

Each geographical location may provide particular initial water temperatures. For example, the apparatus may be configured to use a particular initial water temperature for use of the apparatus in California (e.g. 25 degrees Celsius), and a different initial water temperature for use of the apparatus in Scotland (e.g. 15 degrees Celsius). The apparatus may be configured to use a particular initial water temperature for use of the apparatus in London (e.g. 20 degrees Celsius), and a different initial water temperature for use of the apparatus in Inverness (e.g. 10 degrees Celsius), etc.

The initial water temperature may be based on one or more of: the unheated water temperature being provided to be used by a heated water device in that particular geographical location (e.g. mains water temperature); the air temperature at that particular geographical location; and the ground temperature at that particular geographical location. The initial water temperature may be an approximation of one or more of the: unheated water temperature; air temperature; and ground temperature.

Additionally, or alternatively, the initial water temperature may be based on the time of use of the apparatus. The time of use of the apparatus may be provided by the user. For example, the time of use may be provided by the user before, during, and/or after the time of using the apparatus. The apparatus may be configured to allow a user to select the time of use, such as select from several alternative times of use. The apparatus may be configured to determine the time of use, such as determine automatically the time of use (e.g. the apparatus may be configured to use the time, and/or date of around the time when the apparatus is used in order to determine the time of use, which may be without the user's input).

The time of use may be the actual time of use of the apparatus (e.g. 09.00 hours, 14.35 hours). The time of use may be the time of day of use of the apparatus. Time of day may included one or more of: early morning, morning, late morning, lunchtime, early afternoon, afternoon, late afternoon, early evening, evening, late evening, etc. Time of use may be date of use (e.g. 16 July 2010). Time of use may be the month of use (e.g. March, April, May, etc.). Time of use may be the season of use (e.g. winter, spring, summer, autumn/fall, winter-spring, spring-summer, summer- autumn/fall, autumn/fall-winter, etc.).

Each time of use may be associated with a particular initial water temperature. Each time of use may be associated with a particular initial water temperature for a particular geographical location.

For example, the apparatus may be configured to use a particular initial water temperature when the apparatus is used in winter (e.g. 5 degrees Celsius), and a different particular initial water temperature when the apparatus is used in summer (e.g. 25 degrees Celsius), or may be configured to use a particular initial water temperature when the apparatus is used in winter in the morning (e.g. 5 degrees Celsius), a particular initial water temperature when the apparatus is used in winter in the afternoon (e.g. 8 degrees Celsius), a particular initial water temperature when the apparatus is used in summer in the morning (e.g. 20 degrees Celsius), a particular initial water temperature when the apparatus is used in summer in the afternoon (e.g.

30 degrees Celsius), etc.

The apparatus may be configured to provide an approximate, or average, initial water temperature based on a time of use. The apparatus may be configured to determine the time of use, and use two or more known initial water temperatures for different times of use in order to provide an approximate initial water temperature for that time of use. For example, the apparatus may be configured such that the initial water temperature provided (e.g. for a particular geographical location) during December is 5 degrees Celsius and that the initial water temperature provided (e.g. for a particular geographical location) during July is 25 degrees Celsius. In such cases, the apparatus may be configured to provide an approximate initial water temperature for time of use in March, such as the average, median, or the like (e.g. ((25+5)/ 2 ) = 15 degrees Celsius).

The apparatus may be configured to provide a change (e.g. gradual change) in the initial temperature values for a particular time of use based on two or more initial water temperatures for different times of use. The apparatus may be configured to provide an approximate initial water temperature by using a relationship between two or more initial water temperatures, such as using a linear relationship, polynomial relationship, logarithmic relationship, etc. Such relationships may be used to provide an approximation of the change in initial water temperature over the course of a day, week, month, year, etc.

The initial water temperature may be based on one or more of: the unheated water temperature being provided to be used by a heated water device at that particular time of use (e.g. mains water temperature); the air temperature at that particular time of use; and the ground temperature at that particular time of use. The initial water temperature may be an approximation of one or more of the: unheated water temperature; air temperature; and ground temperature.

The initial water temperature may be provided by a user (e.g. manually provided to the apparatus). The apparatus may be configured to allow the user to provide several initial water temperatures for different times of use. In such cases, the apparatus may be configured to provide approximate initial water temperatures (e.g. for different times of use).

The apparatus may be configured for use in conjunction with more than one heated water device. For example, one apparatus may be used selectively to monitor both the energy usage of a shower and the energy usage of a bath.

The apparatus may be configured to allow a user to select/provide the initial water temperature based on a particular heated water device whose energy usage is to be monitored. For example, by selecting the device as a shower, the apparatus may provide the initial water temperature for shower.

The apparatus may comprise one or more thermal sensors, such as a thermocouple, configured to provide for the initial water temperature. The apparatus may use ambient room temperature as the initial water temperature. For example, the apparatus may be configured to determine the ambient room temperature using one or more thermal sensors and provide this as the initial water temperature. The apparatus may be configured to provide the ambient room temperature prior to use of a heated water device in order to provide the initial water temperature.

The apparatus may be configured to allow a user to provide the heated water temperature. The apparatus may be configured to provide the heated water temperature, such as to provide a common heated water temperature for some or all heated water devices. The apparatus may be configured to allow a user to select the heated water temperature (e.g. from a range of heated water temperatures). The apparatus may be configured to allow a user to select the heated water temperature based on a particular heated water device whose energy usage is to be monitored. For example, the apparatus may be configured to allow a user to select a bath, shower, or the like, whereby the heated water temperature of one heated water device (e.g. Bath = 40 degrees Celsius) may be different than that of a heated water temperature of another heated water device (e.g. Shower = 38 degrees Celsius).

The initial water temperature may be the temperature of water being initially used by the heated water device, or may be the temperature of water used by a further device for supply of heated water to the heated water device, such as the initial water temperature of water being provided to a hot water heater (e.g. boiler) for subsequent providing to a heated water device (e.g. a bath). The heated water temperature may be the temperature of water provided by a heated water device (e.g. water in a bath), and/or the temperature of water provided to a heated water device (e.g. from a hot water heater to a bath). For example, the initial water temperature may the temperature of water being provided to a gas boiler for heating and for providing at a heated water temperature to a shower as a heated water device. Similarly, the initial water temperature may be the temperature of water being provided to an electric shower as a heated water device for heating (i.e. without a boiler).

The apparatus may be configured such that the determined amount of water used is provided by a user. The apparatus may be configured such that the determined amount of water used is provided by the apparatus. The determined amount of water used may be measured by the apparatus. The determined amount of water used may be approximated, or guessed, etc., by the apparatus. The apparatus may be configured to determine the amount of water used by using the flow rate of a heated water device. The flow rate of a heated water device may be considered to be the rate of use of a volume of water used over a particular unit of time. For example, the flow rate may be litres/second, cubic meters/minute, etc.

The apparatus may be configured such that the flow rate is provided by a user (e.g. a user may provide a particular flow rate for a particular heated water device, such as a shower, bath, or the like). The apparatus may be configured to allow a user to provide a number of different flow rates for different heated water devices for subsequent use with those devices.

The apparatus may be configured such that the flow rate of a/each heated device is dependent of one or more of the other input parameters. For example, the flow rate of a heated device may be different at a different time of use and/or with a different initial water temperature. For example, a heated water device, such as an electric shower or the like, may have a lower or higher flow rate when the initial water temperature is lower or higher. The apparatus may be configured to allow a user to provide a number of different flow rates for different heated water devices for different conditions of use.

The apparatus may be configured with a flow rate timer. The flow rate timer may allow a user to determine how long it takes for the heated water device to fill a particular volume. For example, the apparatus may be configured to allow a user to time how long it takes for a heated water device to fill a litre volume, cubic meter volume, or the like. The apparatus may be configured to retain that particular time for that particular heated water device in order to provide a flow rate for that device, or approximate flow rate, or the like.

The apparatus may be configured to allow a user to select a particular flow rate, or to select a particular heated water device so as to select a particular flow rate. The apparatus may be configured to monitor the flow rate of a heated water device, for example by using a flow meter, such as a flow meter that may be configured for attachment to a supply, or exit, pipeline of a heated water device.

The apparatus may be configured to continuously monitor flow rate. The flow rate data may be used to calculate the total volume of water used in a particular period. The amount of water used may be the flow rate multiplied by the number of units of time that the device was being used. This number of units of time may be considered herein to be the duration of use. The apparatus may be configured such that the duration of use may be provided, and/or selected, by a user. The duration of use may be determined by the apparatus. For example, the apparatus may be configured such that activation of a heated water device causes the apparatus to begin to monitor duration of use.

The apparatus may be configured to allow a flow meter to activate the commencement of monitoring of use. For example, when the flow rate measured by a flow meter rises above a particular value, for example zero, then the duration of use may be classified as commencing and when the flow rate falls to a particular value, for example zero, then the duration of use may be classified as ceasing.

The apparatus may be provided with a user timer for determining duration of use.

The apparatus may be configured such that the user timer can be started and stopped by the user. The apparatus may be configured such that the user timer can be paused by a user (e.g. when shampooing, conditioning, etc).

The apparatus may be configured such that the duration of use and/or the amount of water used for a heated water device, accrued by the user timer, is visible to the user (e.g. using the user interface). The apparatus may be configured such that the duration of use and/or amount of water used is not visible to a user.

For example, the apparatus may comprise a user timer provided by the user interface, wherein the user can start the user timer when beginning use of a heated water device and stop the user timer when ending use of a heated water device. The apparatus may be configured to determine the duration of use of a heated water device from the user timer (e.g. the time accrued by the user timer).

The apparatus may be configured to accrue the duration of use of several uses of a heated water device so as to provide an amount of water used, and/or cumulative duration of use. For example, the apparatus may be configured to accrue the duration of use of a heated water device over a number of days, weeks, months, or the like in order to provide an amount of water used (i.e. provide a cumulative duration of use). The monitoring of the energy usage of a heated water device may then be provided over that number of days, or the like. The apparatus may be configured to display the monitored energy usage of a heated water device (e.g. using the user interface). The displayed monitored energy usage may be the energy usage since beginning use of a particular heated water device. The displayed monitored energy usage may be the cumulative energy usage of a heated water device over a number of days, weeks, months, or the like.

The apparatus may be configured to use additionally the energy efficiency of a heated water device in order to provide for monitoring the energy usage. The apparatus may be configured such that a user can provide the energy efficiency of a heated water device. The apparatus may be configured such that a user can select the energy efficiency of a heated water device, for example select from a range of energy efficiencies provided by the apparatus and/or provided previously by a user. The apparatus may be configured such that a user can select an energy efficiency by selecting a particular heated water device. The energy efficiency may be provided by as a percentage of efficiency (e.g. 85%), an energy rating or energy rating band (e.g. A, B, C ...G), or the like.

The energy efficiency may be of the heated water device (e.g. the energy efficiency of an electric shower provided with water from a mains supply), or may be the energy efficiency of a further device used to heat water and provide that heated water to the heated water device (e.g. the efficiency of a hot water heater, such as a boiler, providing heated water for a shower/bath, etc. as a heated water device), or combination of energy efficiencies. The energy efficiency may comprise the thermal efficiency of water pipelines, or the like.

The apparatus may be configured to monitor the cost to a user of the monitored energy usage. The apparatus may be configured to use at least one of electrical, gas, and oil costs in order to monitor the cost to a user. The apparatus may be configured to display the monitored cost of a heated water device. The displayed monitored cost of energy usage may be the cost since the beginning use of a particular heated water device. The displayed monitored cost of energy usage may be the cumulative cost of a heated water device over a number of days, weeks, months, or the like.

The apparatus may be configured to monitor the cost to a user by determining the energy usage and using the cost of energy to provide a cost of energy usage of a heated water device. The cost of energy may be the cost of an energy unit cost. The energy unit cost may be the unit cost for electricity (e.g. cost per kilowatt-hour), unit cost for gas (e.g. cost per cubic meter), unit cost for oil (e.g. cost per litre/gallon), or the like.

The apparatus may be configured such that the cost of an energy unit may be provided by a user, or selected by a user (e.g. from a range of energy unit costs). The apparatus may be configured such that a user can select a unit cost by selecting a particular heated water device (e.g. by user selecting electric shower, rather than bath, the unit cost may be provided for electricity rather than gas).

The apparatus may be configured to use a particular unit cost depending upon the time of use. For example, the apparatus may be configured to use a particular unit cost in the morning, and a different unit cost in the evening, or the like.

The apparatus may be additionally/alternatively configured to monitor the cost to a user of the amount of water used by a heated water device. For example, the apparatus may be configured to use a unit cost of a unit of water in order to provide the cost to a user. The apparatus may be configured such that a user provides, or selects, the unit cost of a unit of water.

The apparatus may be configured to allow unit cost(s) to be provided from a remote location, for example so as to be updated remotely. The apparatus may be configured for connection with a network, such as a cellular network, the Internet, or the like, in order to provide the unit cost. The apparatus may be configured for wired/wireless communication with a computer, or the like, for subsequent connection to a further network to provide for updating. For example, the apparatus may be configured to connect to a computer using a Universal Serial Bus connection to allow for unit costs of electricity, gas, oil, and/or water to be downloaded from a utility supplier via the Internet.

The cost monitored may be the cumulative costs of energy usage and water usage.

The apparatus may be configured to monitor further energy usage of a heated water device. For example, the apparatus may be configured to monitor the further energy usage of a dishwasher, washing machine, etc. so as to provide for monitoring the energy usage. The apparatus may be configured to determine, or approximate, the carbon dioxide emissions caused as a result of the monitored energy usage of a heated water device. For example, the apparatus may be configured to determine a particular volume of carbon dioxide emissions based on a particular unit of energy usage.

The apparatus may be configured to display one or more of: the monitored energy usage; the monitored cost; the amount of water used; carbon dioxide emissions. The apparatus may be configured to display continuously one or more of the monitored energy usage; the monitored cost; the amount of water used; and carbon dioxide emissions. Such continuous display may provide for real-time monitoring of usage.

The apparatus may be configured to display one or more of the monitored energy usage, the monitored cost, and the amount of water used, from the beginning of use of a heated water device, or as a cumulative usage/cost used over several uses of a device.

The apparatus may be configured to store data relating to one or more of duration of use, energy usage, water usage, cost of energy/water usage over a period of time, such as hours, days, months, years, etc. For example, the apparatus may be configured to store the energy usage of a heated water device over the period of a month to allow a user to contrast their present usage with previous usage. The apparatus may be configured to store the water usage of several heated water devices over a particular period.

The apparatus may be configured to store data relating to one or more heated water devices over a period of time, such as hours, days, months, years, etc. For example, the apparatus may be configured to allow a user to contrast usage of different heated devices, such as a bath and a shower or the like, over a particular period.

The apparatus may be configured for wired and/or wireless communication (e.g. IEEE 802.1 1 communication) with a further apparatus, such as a personal computer. The apparatus may be configured to provide stored data to the further apparatus.

The apparatus may be configured for individual, or group, user settings. For example, the apparatus may be configured to store data on energy usage, cost, water usage, duration of use, etc. for particular (different) users. Different users may be different members of a household.

The apparatus may be configured to provide a default setting based on default initial temperatures, energy unit costs, etc. The apparatus may be configured for a user configuration, such as a single user configuration that allows a user to configure the apparatus based on a single selection (or two or three selections). For example, the apparatus may be configured such that a user can select a particular location, and based on that location, the apparatus provides one or more of: initial water temperature, heated water temperature, flow rate, energy unit costs, water unit costs, energy efficiency, etc. The apparatus may be configured such that a user can select a particular heated water device, and based on that heated water device, the apparatus provides one or more of: initial water temperature, heated water temperature, flow rate, amount of water used, energy unit costs, water unit costs, energy efficiency, etc.

The apparatus may be configured to determine the time of use based on the time at which the apparatus is enabled (switched on).

The apparatus may be configured with a user alarm. The user alarm may alert a user to when one or more events have occurred, or are expected to occur: a duration of use has been exceeded; an energy usage has been exceeded; a cost has been exceeded; an amount of water has been exceeded. The alarm may be audible and/or visible. The alarm may provide a haptic response.

The apparatus may be configured for use in one or more of: a shower room; a steam room; a bathroom; a kitchen, or the like. The apparatus may be waterproof, or water resistant. The apparatus may be provided as a sealed unit, such as a sealed unit comprising a battery. The apparatus may be disposable. The apparatus may be configured to be provided as a detachable portion of a leaflet, circular, or the like.

The apparatus may be portable/movable. The apparatus may be configured such that it does not require connection with an electricity and/or water supply in or to provide for monitoring of energy usage. The apparatus may be configured to be held in use. The apparatus may be configured for attaching to a user, such as using a wrist strap, or neck strap or the like. The apparatus may be for use in monitoring the energy usage of one or more of: a bath, shower, kettle, washing machine, dishwasher, or the like.

According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided an energy monitor comprising an apparatus according to any of the features of the first aspect.

The energy monitor may be for monitoring the energy usage of a bath; shower; kettle; washing machine; dishwasher, or the like, such as household bath; household shower; household kettle; household washing machine; household dishwasher. The energy monitor may be portable/movable. The energy monitor may be disposable.

According to a third aspect of the invention there is provided a heated water device comprising an energy monitor according to the second aspect. The energy monitor may be provided such that it is comprised with the heated water device. The energy monitor may be provided such that it is attachable/detachable with the heated water device.

The heated water device may be: a bath; a shower; a kettle; a washing machine; a dishwasher, or the like.

According to a fourth aspect of invention there is provided a method for monitoring energy usage of a heated water device, the method comprising: determining an amount of water used by a heated water device; providing an initial water temperature of water prior to use by the heated water device; providing a heated water temperature; and determining the energy used to heat the amount of water used from the initial water temperature to the heated water temperature in order to provide for monitoring the energy usage of a heated water device.

According to a fifth aspect of the invention there is provided a method for changing consumer behaviour, the method comprising: monitoring the consumer's usage of one or more heated water devices, translating this usage into financial and/or energy and/or environmental units of measurement and communicating the usage of heated water device/s to the consumer. According to a sixth aspect of the invention there is provided a method for reducing energy consumption, such as energy consumption in a household, the method comprising: monitoring the usage of one or more heated water devices, translating this usage into financial and/or energy and/or environmental units of measurement, communicating the usage of heated water device/s to a user and influencing a user's behaviour to reduce energy consumption.

According to a seventh aspect of the invention there is provided a means for monitoring energy consumption, the means comprising: inputting an initial water temperature, timing the duration of use of a heated water device, inputting an outlet water temperature, inputting geographically-specific parameters, converting the measured time of use into energy and/or monetary and/or environmental units of measurement and displaying the energy consumption.

According to an eighth aspect there is a computer program, stored on a computer readable medium, configured to provide the method of the fourth aspect.

The present invention includes one or more corresponding aspects, embodiments or features in isolation or in various combinations whether or not specifically stated (including claimed) in that combination or in isolation. Corresponding means for performing one or more of the discussed functions are also within the present disclosure. It will be appreciated that one or more embodiments/aspects may be useful in increasing security/reducing fraud in relation to the dispensing of prescribed medicaments.

The above summary is intended to be merely exemplary and non-limiting.

Brief Description of the Figures

A description is now given, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-

Figure 1 shows an apparatus for monitoring energy usage of a heated water device;

Figure 2 shows a further embodiment of an apparatus for monitoring energy usage of a heated water device; Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of an apparatus for monitoring energy usage of a heated water device, comprising a cost store and an efficiency store;

Figures 4a, 4b and 4c show embodiments of an energy monitor comprising apparatus of Figures 1 , 2 and 3 with user interfaces;

Figures 5a, to 5d show embodiments of an energy monitor comprising apparatus of Figures 1 , 2 and 3 providing user set-up;

Figures 6a to 6d show embodiments of an energy monitor comprising the apparatus of Figures 1 , 2 and 3 in use;

Figures 7a and 7b show embodiments of an energy monitor comprising the apparatus of Figures 1 , 2 and 3 showing examples of log data;

Figure 8 shows an exploded view of an exemplary energy monitor comprising apparatus; and

Figures 9a, 9b and 9c show the energy monitor of Figure 8 in an assembled state.

Description of Specific Embodiments

Figure 1 shows an apparatus 100 for monitoring energy usage of a heated water device. The apparatus 100 comprises a processor 1 10a and memory 1 10b, configured in a known manner. The processor/memory 1 10a, 1 10b may be provided by a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Field

Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Programmable Intelligent Computer (PIC), or the like. The apparatus 100 is provided such that it resists the ingress of water, such as being waterproof, water resistant, or the like, such that it can be used in a shower room, bathroom, kitchen, etc. The apparatus 100 comprises a power supply, which in this embodiment is a battery 105.

The apparatus 100 further comprises a user interface 120, comprising an input user interface 120a and an output user interface 120b. Here, the input user interface 120a is provided by a keypad, while the output user interface 120b is provided by a Light Emitting Diode display.

The apparatus 100 further comprises an initial water temperature sensor 130, a heated water temperature sensor 140, a flow meter 150, and a timer 160 in communication with the memory/processor 120a, 120b.

The initial water temperature sensor 130 is configured to determine the temperature of water being provided to a heated water device for heating, such as a shower, or the like. The heated water temperature sensor 140 is configured to determine the temperature of water being provided by a heated water device (i.e. after heating).

The flow meter 150 is configured to determine the flow rate of water being provided by a heated water device. The flow meter may be an invasive flow meter (i.e. provided inline with the flow of water), or may be non-invasive, for example, being configured to mount to the outer side of a water pipeline. Both the initial water temperature sensor 130 and the heated water temperature sensor 140 are provided by thermocouples.

The timer 160 is configured to be accessible via the user interface 120. The timer 160 is configured to provide time and date functionality, and in addition allow a user to stop, start, and optionally pause, a clock timer. The timer 160 is configured to provide a duration of use time, which is the time lapsed between starting the timer 160 and stopping the timer 160.

In this embodiment, the initial water temperature sensor 130, heated water temperature sensor 140 and flow meter 150 are configured to be attachable and detachable with a heated water device in order to provide flow rate, initial water temperature and heated water temperature. In alternative configurations, the apparatus may be configured to be permanently coupled to a heated water device, or semi-permanently coupled (e.g. requiring disconnection of some, or all of a heated water device to remove).

In use, a user attaches the apparatus 100 to the relevant regions of a heated water device. The user then enables the heated water device so as to provide heated water (e.g. turns on a shower). At around the same time the user then enables the apparatus 100, and begins the timer 160. The apparatus 100 monitors the initial water temperature, and the heated water temperature. The apparatus 100 further determines the difference between the initial water temperature and the heated water temperature. The apparatus additionally monitors the flow rate of water being provided by the apparatus.

In this embodiment, the apparatus 100 is configured to determine the energy required to elevate a unit, such as a kilogram (i.e. 1 kilocalorie), of water having a starting temperature of the initial water temperature, to the heated water temperature. At the same time, the apparatus 100 determines/uses the time accrued on the timer 160 and the flow rate of water provided in order to determine the amount of water used (e.g. litres having been used).

The apparatus 100 is configured to monitor the energy usage to heat the determined amount of water, and provide this information to the user using the user interface 120. In this example, it is approximated that 1 litre of water is roughly equal to one kilogram of water across all temperatures. Of course, that need not be the case, and the apparatus 100 may be configured to provide a more accurate monitoring of the energy used by using the initial temperature and heated temperature to determine the energy required to heat a particular litre of water at a particular temperatures (e.g. using a mean calorie scale, or the like).

The energy usage of the heated water device is displayed using the user interface 120 in a continuous manner. That is to say, the user observes a real time increase in the energy usage of the heated water device the longer that the device is used. In addition, the apparatus 100 is configured to display, using the user interface 120, the amount of water having being used (e.g. number of litres), and well as the duration of use of the heated water device.

Of course, in some configurations, the apparatus 100 need not display one or more of the duration of use, the energy usage, and/or the amount of water used in a continuous manner, but may only provide this information after the timer has been stopped, or the like.

Here, the apparatus 100 also displays to the user, using the user interface 120 and the timer 160, the time and date. Figure 2 shows a further embodiment of an apparatus 200 for monitoring energy usage of a heated water device. Again, the apparatus 200 comprises a processor 210a memory 210b, power supply 205, and user interface 220, comprising an input user interface 220a and an output user interface 220b.

Again, the apparatus 200 is provided such that it resists the ingress of water, such as being waterproof, water resistant, or the like, such that it can be used in a shower room, bathroom, kitchen, etc.

In this embodiment, the apparatus 200 comprises an initial water temperature store

230, a heated water temperature store 240, a flow store 250, and a timer 260 in communication with the memory/processor 220a, 220b.

The initial water temperature store 230, a heated water temperature store 240, a flow store 250 are provided by memory, such as random access memory (e.g. Electrically

Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, such as Flash), read only memory, or the like.

The initial water temperature store 230 of this embodiment is configured to store data relating to the initial water temperature of geographical locations (e.g. rather than being provided with a thermocouple, or the like). In addition, the initial water temperature store 230 is configured to store initial water temperatures for different times of use for those geographical locations.

Table 1 below shows the exemplary initial water temperature data provided by the initial water temperature store. Here, three geographical locations are provided, and two times of use for each geographical location. The geographical locations are London, Glasgow and Inverness. The times of use are seasonal times of use for December and June.

Table 1

In this example, the initial water temperature relates to the average temperature of water being provided from a mains water supply to a household, such as a domestic dwelling or the like, during winter and summer. It will readily be appreciated that different geographical locations may have different initial water temperatures because of their differing climate conditions. Similar, although "winter" and "summer" have been given as an example, it will be appreciated that in alternative embodiments different times of use may be provided (e.g. monthly times of use, such as March, April, May, etc.).

The heated water temperature store 240 of this embodiment is configured to store data relating to the heated water temperature of heated water devices (e.g. rather than being provided with a thermocouple, or the like). Table 2 below shows exemplary heated water temperature data for two heated water devices, a shower and a bath.

Table 2

Here, the heated water temperature relates to the temperature of water being provided by a particular heated water device, such as a shower or a bath, when in use. It will readily be appreciated that different heated water devices may have different heated water temperatures because of their differing purposes/functions.

The flow store 250 of this embodiment is configured to store data relating to the flow rate of heated water devices (e.g. rather than being provided with a flow meter, or the like). Table 3 below shows exemplary flow rate data for two heated water devices, a shower and a bath.

Table 3 In a similar manner to above, the timer 260 is configured to be accessible via the user interface 220 and is configured to provide time and date functionality, in addition to allowing a user to stop, start, and optionally pause, a clock timer. The timer 260 provides a duration of use time, which is the time lapsed between starting the timer

260 and stopping the timer 260.

In this embodiment, the apparatus is configured to be portable, such as being handheld, or the like. A user can bring the apparatus 200 with them to a shower cubical, or the like. The apparatus may be provided with a wrist strap, neck strap of the like, and/or may be configured to be mounted to a region of a shower cubical or the like (e.g. the apparatus 200 could be provided with a suction element to retain the apparatus 200 against a wall, window, etc.).

When in the region of a heated water device, a user enables the apparatus 200.

The apparatus 200 prompts the user, via the user interface 220, to select a particular geographical location from the list of geographical locations provided by the initial temperature store 230. In this example, the apparatus 200 uses the time and date functionality of the timer 260 to determine the time of use. Based on the time of use, the appropriate initial water temperature is provided for the selected geographical location.

In this example, the apparatus 200 is configured to determine an approximate initial water temperature based on the time of use. For example, consider the time of use to be sometime in March, and the selected geographic location is Glasgow. In such cases, the apparatus 200 determines the date from the timer 260 and evaluates an initial temperature for March based on the initial temperature for December and June

(e.g. March's approximate initial water temperature is considered to be 10 degrees Celsuis).

The apparatus 200 additionally prompts the user, via the user interface 220, to select a heated water device from the devices provided in the heated water temperature store 240 and the flow rate store 250 (e.g. shower or bath).

The apparatus 200 determines the difference between the initial water temperature and the heated water temperature. After the apparatus 200 is configured, a user enables the heated water device so as to provide heated water (e.g. turns on a shower) and at a similar time the user then begins the timer 260 so as to provide the duration of use.

Again, the apparatus 200 determines the energy required to elevate a unit of water having a starting temperature of the initial water temperature, to the heated water temperature and uses the time accrued on the timer 260 and the flow rate to determine the amount of water used (e.g. litres having been used).

The apparatus 200 monitors energy usage to heat the determined amount of water, and provide this information to the user using the user interface 220, in a similar manner to that described above. The energy usage of the heated water device is displayed using the user interface 220 in a continuous manner (i.e. showing a real time increase in the energy usage of the heated water device the longer that the device is used).

In addition, the apparatus 200 is configured to display, using the user interface 220, the amount of water being used (e.g. number of litres), as well as the duration of use of the heated water device.

While the above example has been described in relation to only three geographical locations, it will readily be appreciated that the apparatus 200 may be configured to provide any number of geographical locations. In addition, in some configurations, there may be no geographical locations, but only the time of use, which may be selected by a user or provided by the apparatus 200 (e.g. by observing the time and/or date of use).

In some configurations, the geographical location is determined once. For example, the geographical location may be selected after the apparatus 200 is initially enabled.

This may be fixed for the life of the apparatus 200, or may be changed at the request of the user (e.g. using the user interface 220).

It will readily be appreciated that because the apparatus 200 is configured such that it does not require coupling, or attaching to a heated water device (or the like) that the apparatus 200 can be portable. In addition, the apparatus 200 is easy to use, and requires no complex parts, or complex installation procedure. That being said, the apparatus 200 is still able to provide an accurate measure of energy usage by determining the initial water temperature, which may be based on the geographical location and/or time of use, along with the heated water temperature and amount of water used, which may be based on the particular heated water device used.

Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of apparatus 300. Again, the apparatus 300 is for monitoring energy usage of a heated water device and comprises a processor 310a, memory 310b, power supply 305, user interface 320 (comprising an input user interface 320a and an output user interface 320b), an initial water temperature store 330, a heated water temperature store 340, a flow store 350, and a timer 360 in communication with the memory/processor 320a, 320b, configured in a similar manner to that described above.

However, in this embodiment the apparatus 300 further comprises a unit cost store 370 and an efficiency store 380. The unit cost store 370 and efficiency store 380 are provided by memory, such as random access memory (e.g. Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, such as Flash), read only memory, or the like.

The unit cost store 370 is configured to store data relating to the unit cost of energy. This unit cost for energy may be the unit cost associated with a particular energy supply, for example the unit cost of electricity, gas, and/or oil. This unit cost for energy may be the unit cost associated with a particular heated water device. Tables 4a and 4b show exemplary data stored in the unit costs store 370.

Table 4a

Table 4b

In the example shown with Table 4b, the unit cost store 370 is further configured to store the unit cost of water. In addition, the amount of CO ₂ produced for a particular unit of energy is also provided.

The efficiency store 370 is configured to store data relating to the efficiency of particular heated water devices (or hot water heaters supplying the heated water devices, such as boilers or the like, or the system supplying the heated water device, such as water pipelines or the like). Tables 5a and 5b show exemplary data stored in the efficiency store 370.

Table 5a

Table 5b

In use, the apparatus 300 is enabled by a user (e.g. switched on) in a similar manner to that described above.

In this example, the apparatus 300 prompts the user to select the time of use. Based on the time of use, the appropriate initial water temperature is provided for the previously selected geographical location.

The apparatus 300 additionally prompts the user, via the user interface 320, to select a heated water device from the devices provided in the heated water temperature store 340 and the flow rate store 350 (e.g. shower or bath). The apparatus 300 determines the difference between the initial water temperature and the heated water temperature. The apparatus 300 further determines the efficiency, and/or the unit cost of energy based on selection of heated water device, or for example, prompts the user to select energy source, and efficiency. After being configured, a user enables the heated water device so as to provide heated water (e.g. turns on a shower) and at a similar time the user then begins the timer 360 so as to provide the duration of use.

Again, the apparatus 300 determines the energy usage of the heated water device. However, in this embodiment the apparatus uses the selected/provided efficiency in order to determine the energy usage.

The efficiency corrected energy usage of the heated water device is displayed using the user interface 320 in a continuous manner (i.e. showing a real time increase in the energy usage of the heated water device the longer that the device is used).

In addition, the apparatus 300 is configured to display, using the user interface 320, the amount of water having being used (e.g. number of litres), the duration of use of the heated water device, the cost associated with the energy usage, the cost associated with the use of water, and amount of CO ₂ emissions. Of course, in certain configurations only one, some or all of the energy usage, amount of water being used, duration of use, cost associated with the energy usage, cost associated with the use of water, CO ₂ emissions may be displayed to a user. Similarly, in certain configurations the cost of water and cost of energy may be combined to provide a cumulative cost associated with duration of use.

It will be appreciated that in certain configurations, the apparatus 200, 300 is configured such that a user can enter particular parameters to be stored in one or more of the respective stores 230, 240, 250, 330, 340, 350, 370, 380. That is to say that the apparatus 200, 300 may be configured to allow a user to add to, delete, or amend (e.g. via the user interface 220) any of the data stored on any of the stores 230, 240, 250, 330, 340, 350, 370, 380.

For example, the apparatus may be configured to allow a user to store the initial water temperature for different times of use for particular locations, and/or store, such as alter/include, different flow rates for different heated water devices.

In certain configurations the apparatus 200, 300 is configured to store log data based on the usage of the apparatus 200, 300. Table 4 shows exemplary log data that might be stored by the apparatus.

Table 4

A skilled reader will appreciate that any further data may be logged, such as the geographical location, the particular heated water device used, etc. In certain embodiments of the apparatus 200, 300, a user is able to view, via the user interface 200, data relating to energy usage, or the like, from previous days, weeks, months, years, etc. In further embodiments, the apparatus 200, 300 is configured for wired (e.g. by using Universal Serial Bus), or wireless communication (e.g. by using Radio Frequency, IEEE 802 family (e.g. WiFi, WiMax, etc.), mobile cellular communication (e.g. GSM, UMTS, LTE, etc.), BlueTooth, ZigBee, etc.) with further apparatus, such as a personal computer, in order to transfer logged data.

In addition, the apparatus 200, 300 may be configured to transfer certain data from further apparatus (e.g. a personal computer) or a network (e.g. the Internet, Cellular network, or the like), in order to update particular stores (e.g. updating the unit costs of energy sources).

In certain configuration, the apparatus 200, 300 is multi-user. That is to say, the apparatus is configured to allow log data against individual users. In use, a user selects a particular profile (e.g. dad, mum, son, daughter), for example, prior to use. Data is then logged against that particular user such that users can compare (or compete).

In a further embodiment, the apparatus 200, 300 is configured with an alarm, such as an audible/visible/haptic alarm. In such an arrangement, the apparatus is configurable such that the alarm is activated when a particular value is exceeded. The level may be one or more of: the amount of water having being used (e.g. number of litres), the duration of use of the heated water device, the cost associated with the energy usage, the cost associated with the use of water, and amount of CO ₂ emissions.

Figures 4a, 4b and 4c show embodiments of an energy monitor 400 comprising apparatus 200, 300 comprising input user interface 220a, 320a, and output user interface 220b, 320b. Figure 4a shows the energy monitor 400 comprising apparatus prompting a user 200, 300 to select the heated water device to be used. Figure 4b shows the energy monitor 400 comprising apparatus 200, 300 in a paused state.

Figure 4c shows the energy monitor comprising apparatus 200, 300 in use displaying the date, the time, the amount of water used, and the cost to the user.

Figures 5a, to 5d show embodiments of an energy monitor 500 comprising apparatus 200, 300 of Figures 1 , 2 and 3 in various states of operation. Figure 5a shows the energy monitor 500 prompting a user to select a language (e.g. at initial set-up). Figure 5b shows the energy monitor 500 prompting a user to select a geographical region, which may be an initial geographical region used when setting-up, or configuring, the monitor 500 for the first time. In this instance a territorial region is presented to a user for selection. Figure 5c shows the energy monitor 500 prompting a user to select a second geographical region, in this instance a local region. Here, the options for selection of the second geographical region are defined by the apparatus 200, 300 based on the first geographical region selected. Figure 5d shows the energy monitor 500 prompting a user to select a heating method; in this case either gas or electricity. It will be appreciated that the option shown in Figure 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d may be presented to a user when using the energy monitor for a first time, or after a re-configuration/reset. Thereafter, the energy monitor uses these stored options which have been initially selected, unless the user chooses to reset the energy monitor.

Figures 6a to 6d show embodiments of an energy monitor 600 comprising the apparatus 200, 300 of Figures 1 , 2 and 3 in use. Figure 6a shows the energy monitor

600 comprising apparatus 200, 300 in use displaying the date, the time, the cumulative amount of water used (e.g. during, or after use of a shower/bath), and the cost to the user. Figure 6b shows the energy monitor 600 comprising apparatus prompting a user to select the heated water device to be used. Figure 6c shows the energy monitor 600 comprising apparatus 200, 300 in a paused state. Figure 6d shows the energy monitor 600 comprising apparatus 200, 300 in use displaying log data. In this example, the log data comprises the energy cost to the user, the water cost to the user, the cumulative total cost of energy and water to the user, the amount of water used, and the equivalent amount of carbon dioxide emitted.

Figures 7a and 7b show embodiments of an energy monitor 700 comprising the apparatus 200, 300 of Figures 1 , 2 and 3 showing examples of log data. Figure 7a shows a monthly overview of the total monthly energy cost to the user, the total monthly water cost to the user, the combined total cost to the user of both energy and water, the total monthly volume of water used and the total monthly equivalent weight of carbon dioxide emitted. Figure 7b shows a monthly overview of the monthly totals for the number of separate uses of two heated water devices and the average duration of use of one of the heated water devices, in this case a shower.

Figure 8 shows an exploded view of an exemplary energy monitor 700 comprising apparatus 200, 300 of Figures 1 , 2 and 3, which is shown here as apparatus 7. A front face 2 attaches to a rear face 4 via an intermediate seal 3. When constructed, the front face 2 presses a display panel cover 1 against the seal 3. The seal 3 comprises an input interface, in this case keys for controlling the energy monitor which protrude through corresponding openings in the front face when assembled. The rear face 4 presses apparatus 7, comprising an output display 6, in this case a LCD, and comprising a battery 8, against the rear of the seal 3. The rear face 4 is fixed to the front face 2 by screws 9. The seal 3 is compressed between the front face 2 and the rear face 4 such that the apparatus 7 is protected from water ingress. The energy monitor 700 further comprises a mounting panel 5, which is provided as a suction element. The suction element is connected through the rear face 4 by a screw 1 1 and sealing ring 10.

Figures 9a, 9b and 9c show the energy monitor of Figure 8 in an assembled state. Figure 9a shows a front view of the energy monitor of Figure 8. Figure 9b shows a side view of the energy monitor of Figure 8. Figure 9c shows a rear view of the energy monitor of Figure 8.

A skilled reader will readily appreciate that one or more of the respective stores 230, 240, 250, 330, 340, 350, 370, 380 and/or the processor 210a, 210b, 310a, 310b may be provided by one or more common elements or portions of memory. For example, the apparatus 200, 300 may be provided by a common microcontroller, Application

Specific Integrated Circuit, Field Programmable Gate Array. In addition, the apparatus 200, 300 of Figures 2 and 3 may be provided with sensors, or flow meters according to Figure 1. Similarly, the apparatus 100 of Figure 1 may be provided with sensors, or flow meters according to Figure 1. For example, in some configurations, the apparatus 200, 300 may be configured to use (either in addition, or as an alternative) an initial water temperature sensor 130. In such a configuration, the apparatus 200, 300 may be configured such that the user sets the initial water temperature by placing the apparatus 200, 300 in the flow of cold water being provided by a heated water device (e.g. prior to use, or when the water has still to elevate in temperature).

In certain configurations, the selection of geographical location provides for a configuration of one or more of: energy unit costs, water unit cost, and/or units of CO ₂ , flow rate, heated water temperature, etc.

For example, in one configuration, the apparatus 200, 300 is configured such that it prompts a user to select a particular geographical location. Based on that location, the flow rate of the apparatus 200, 300 is determined (e.g. the water pressure, and hence the flow rate, in California is set to be different than that in Berlin). It may be that based on the geographical location selected, that the apparatus provides energy costs, or determines whether the water costs are applicable, etc.

In certain embodiments the apparatus 200, 300 is configured such that a user can alter when in use the configuration of the apparatus 200, 300. For example, in certain configurations a user is able to switch between energy sources (e.g. electricity, gas, oil) to determine the rate of energy usage (and/or the cost of usage) across the different supplies. Such a configuration allows a user to determine whether they would be better changing their gas supply to an electricity supply, or the like.

In a similar manner, the apparatus 200, 300 in certain embodiments allows a user to change the energy provider, or energy cost per unit. For example, the apparatus 200,

300 might be configured to allow a user to select between different energy providers in order to determine if they should change supplier.

It will readily be appreciated that the apparatus 200, 300 is provided as a portable, or movable apparatus. The apparatus may be provided such that it is disposable. For example, the apparatus may be configured to be recycled or disposed of when the battery's life ends. Alternatively, the battery may be re-chargeable or the like. In certain embodiments, the apparatus is provided with other material, such as literature, flyers, brochures of the like, which may give the user an indication of how to reduce energy usage. In such embodiments, the apparatus may be provided such that is has a substantially flat configuration (e.g. can be provided in with a posted document, or the like). The apparatus may be detachable from a brochure, flyer or the like (e.g. detachable by perforation).

It will be appreciated to the skilled reader that one some or all of the features of the apparatus (e.g. the timer 260, 360, user interface 220, 320, etc.) may be provided by apparatus arranged such that they become configured to carry out the desired operations only when enabled, e.g. switched on, or the like. In such cases, they may not necessarily have the appropriate software loaded into the active memory in the non-enabled (e.g. switched off) state and only load the appropriate software in the enabled (e.g. on) state. The apparatus may comprise hardware circuitry and/or firmware. The apparatus may comprise software loaded onto memory.

It will be appreciated that any of the aforementioned apparatus 100, 200, 300 may have other functions in addition to the mentioned functions, and that these functions may be performed by the same circuit/apparatus/elements.

The applicant hereby discloses in isolation each individual feature described herein and any combination of two or more such features, to the extent that such features or combinations are capable of being carried out based on the present specification as a whole in the light of the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art, irrespective of whether such features or combinations of features solve any problems disclosed herein, and without limitation to the scope of the claims. The applicant indicates that aspects of the invention may consist of any such individual feature or combination of features.

In view of the foregoing description it will be evident to a person skilled in the art that various modifications may be made within the scope of the invention.

While there have been shown and described features of the invention as applied to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the apparatus 100, 200, 300 and methods described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, it is expressly intended that all combinations of those features and/or method steps which perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve the same results are within the scope of the invention. Moreover, it should be recognized that structures and/or elements and/or method steps shown and/or described in connection with any disclosed form or embodiment of the invention may be incorporated in any other disclosed or described or suggested form or embodiment as a general matter of design choice. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the appended claims.

Furthermore, in the claims means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents, but also equivalent structures. Thus although a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail and a screw may be equivalent structures.