"Apparatus for Movement Along an Underground Passage and Method Using Same"

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

THIS INVENTION relates to apparatus for movement along an underground passage and to a method of moving an apparatus along an underground passage.

DISCUSSION OF THE PRIOR ART

The invention has been devised particularly, although not exclusively for use in an underground mining operation which utilises a mining head positioned at one end of an elongate element, such as a pipe string, whereby the mining head can be manoeuvred to, and through, an underground formation by movement of the elongate element. The mining head creates a passage along which the elongate element passes. A difficulty with this arrangement is that in situations where the passage is formed in soft sandy deposits and the like, material surrounding the passage can collapse around the pipe string with the result that the pipe string can become jammed in the ground.

Traditionally, underground mining operations of the type described above do not allow hard wiring of the mining head and rely on other means for control and operation of motors and telemetry. For example, "mud" motors running on pressurised bentonite fluid and the use of "mud" pulsing for telemetry purposes has limited the drilling capacity of this form of underground mining. If the mining head were able to be hard wired drilling capacity could be increased by the use of electro/hydraulic power and through direct control of the mining head by the use of telemetry cabling.

It would be advantageous to provide a shroud around the pipe string for lining the passage so as to prevent surrounding material from collapsing onto the pipe string. The apparatus and method of the present invention have as one object thereof to overcome the above-mentioned problems.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an apparatus adapted for movement through a passage formed in the ground, characterised by an elongate element and means for positioning a shroud around at least part of the longitudinal periphery of the elongate element for engagement against the periphery of the passage to provide a space through which the elongate element can move, the shroud being of flexible construction and being arranged to be progressively installed in position as the elongate element moves along the passage, and means for introducing an inflation fluid into the region between the shroud and the elongate element for inflating the shroud and maintaining it in engagement against the periphery of the passage.

The shroud may be assembled from flexible material which turns around a location on the elongate element to provide an inner section which is conveyed with the elongate element and an outer section which is turned back with respect to the inner section and which provides the shroud, the outer section being fixed in relation to the passage wnereby the flexible material turns around from the inner section to the outer section to provide the shroud as the elongate element moves along the passage.

The flexible material may comprise two or more elongate sections arranged such that the longitudinal sides thereof are joined one to another at the outer section to provide the shroud.

The longitudinal sections may have complimentary connector elements on their longitudinal sides for joining the longitudinal edges thereof together.

The flexible material may be turned around from the inner section to the outer section at turning means such as rollers moving with the elongate element. Conveniently, the rollers are mounted on the elongate element. The rollers may be accommodated within a protective casing positioned around a leading end of the elongate element.

The inner section of the flexible material may be accommodated in one or more longitudinal passages provided on the outer periphery of the elongate element.

In circumstances where the elongate element is required to be particularly long it is preferable that driving means be provided in or adjacent to the longitudinal passages thereby facilitating the travel of the inner section of flexible material. Still preferably, the driving means may be provided so as to specifically engage and facilitate the travel of the connector elements of the inner section of flexible material thereby facilitating the travel of the flexible material itself.

A seal may be provided between a fixed end of the outer section of the flexible material and the elongate element to define the outermost end of the shroud, the seal permitting sliding movement of the elongate element therethrough as it moves within the passage.

A further seal may be provided between the outer section of the flexible material and the elongate element to define an innermost end of the shroud.

The flexible material may be stored in roll form and unwound from the roll and progressively delivered to the elongate element as it advances through the passage to provide the inner section.

The inflation fluid may comprise a slurry such as Betonite slurry.

The present invention further provides an elongate structure adapted to be moved axially through an underground passage, comprising an elongate element and means for positioning a shroud around at least part of the longitudinal periphery of the elongate element as it advances through the passage for engagement against the periphery of the passage to provide a space through which the elongate element can move, the shroud being assembled from flexible material which turns around a location moving with the elongate element to provide an inner section which is conveyed with the elongate element and an outer section which is turned back with respect to the inner section to provide the shroud, the outer section being fixed in relation to the passage.

Preferably, the outer section of the flexible material defines an inner region and an inflation fluid is delivered into the inner region to urge the outer section into engagement with the periphery of the passage.

The present invention still further provides a connector means for use in the releasable fixing together of elongate sections of flexible material of which is comprised a shroud, the connector means comprising first and second connector elements of complimentary configuration whereby such may be pressed together and force applied to pull such apart acts to strengthen the grip therebetween, the connector elements requiring an unpeeling or unzipping action to separate same.

Each connector is preferably elongate and extends along one longitudinal side of an elongate section of flexible material. The first connector element may be provided in a male configuration with the second connector element provided in a complimentary female configuration.

The first and second connector elements further have complimentary longitudinal ridges and recesses provided thereon and arranged such that force

applied to pull same apart acts to strengthen the grip of the second connector element about the first connector element.

The present invention also provides a method for facilitating movement of apparatus underground, characterised by the deployment of a shroud about at least a part of a longitudinal periphery of that apparatus as it advances through a passage created thereby underground, the shroud being assembled from a flexible material conveyed with the apparatus.

The flexible material of the shroud is characterised in that the flexible material of the shroud is turned around a location moving with the apparatus to provide an inner section which is conveyed with the elongate element and an outer section which is turned back with respect to the inner section to provide the shroud, the outer section being fixed in relation to the passage.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be better understood by reference to the following description of one specific embodiment thereof as shown in the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a schematic side view illustrating an underground mining operation utilising apparatus according to the embodiment;

Fig. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the head end section of the apparatus according to the embodiment and a mining head associated therewith;

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a tail end section of the apparatus;

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of part of the apparatus;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 4 but showing further detail; Fig. 6 is a fragmentary schematic view of the head end section of the apparatus;

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the head end section of the apparatus showing deployment of the shroud;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary schematic cross-sectional view of the head end section; Fig. 9 is a schematic view illustrating connection means employed for forming the shroud, the connection means being shown in a separated condition;

Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 9 with the exception that the connection means are shown in a connected position; and Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a pipe string and longitudinal sections of an apparatus in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention within a deployed outer section of flexible material; and

Fig. 12 is a view similar to that of Fig. 11 with the exception that driving means are provided in the longitudinal passages to facilitate deployment of the flexible material.

DESCRIPTION

The embodiments are directed to apparatus for use in an underground mining operation for recovering materials from underground formations which are normally extremely difficult to access, such as deep leads covered by an overburden of mud, sand and basalt.

One proposal for accessing the underground formations involves a mining apparatus 10 of the type generally shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings comprising a mining head 11 provided at one end of a pipe string 13. The mining head 11 is delivered to the underground formation where the mining operation is performed. The mining head 11 progressively excavates material from the underground formation and conveys the excavated material to the ground surface 15 by way of the pipe string 13. The pipe string 13 and head 11 may be manipulated to manoeuvre the mining head 11 within the underground formation. The head 11 providing the whole or part of the motive power. The

path of the mining head provides an access passage 16, shown in Fig. 3, along which the pipe string 13 extends during the mining operation. The pipe string 13 extends from a structure 17 provided at a station 19 situated at ground level. The structure 17 may be erected on the ground or in a launch pit or recess within the ground.

The pipe string 13 comprises a plurality of pipe string sections which are connected one to another at the station 19 as the mining head 11 and pipe string 13 advance through the ground. Similarly, the pipe string sections are progressively dismantled at the station 19 when the pipe string 13 and mining head 11 are being retrieved from the ground.

The mining head 11 is delivered to the underground formation by progressively excavating material to create a path for itself and the pipe string 13 trailing behind it, as shown in Fig. 2. The difficulty with this arrangement is that the passage 16 excavated by the mining head 11 can collapse about the pipe string 13, particularly in circumstances where the surrounding material 14 is unstable, such as in soft sandy conditions.

The present embodiment provides a shroud 20 about the pipe string 13 for lining the passage 16 so as to prevent the surrounding material 14 from collapsing onto the pipe string 13.

The shroud 20 is formed from flexible material delivered in two sections 21 , 22 and then assembled to form the shroud around the pipe string 13. Each section 21, 22 of flexible material is stored in roll form at station 19 on the ground and is unwound from the roll as the pipe string 13 advances.

The pipe string 13 comprises an inner tube 31, seen in Figs. 4 and 5, defining a central flow path 33 and an outer tube 35 positioned around, and in spaced apart relation to, the inner tube 31 such that an outer flow path 37 is defined between the inner tube 31 and the outer tube 35. The inner flow path 33 is

provided to convey excavated slurry from the mining head 11 to the ground surface. The outer flow path 37 is provided to convey water under pressure from the ground surface to the mining head 11 for use in the mining operation.

The pipe string 13 further comprises a casing 41 mounted on the exterior of the outer tube 35, as is best seen in Fig. 5. The casing 41 provides a longitudinal space 43 which extends along the pipe string for accommodating service lines (such as power and telemetry cabling) which extend between the station 19 at ground surface and the mining head 11. The space 43 may also incorporate sensing means 44 to measure distance between the pipe string 13 and the shroud 20 to provide a warning of any impending collapse of the shroud.

The space 43 also incorporates two longitudinal passages 48, 49 along which the sections 21 , 22 of flexible material can be conveyed in a compact condition from the station 19 to the head end section 50 of the apparatus.

At the head end section 50 of the apparatus, shown in Figs. 6 to 8, there are provided two rollers 51 , 52 one corresponding to each section 21 , 22 of the flexible material. The rollers 51 , 52 are so positioned that the flexible material which is drawn along the longitudinal passages 48, 49 in a compact condition each turns about itself on the respective roller to provide an inner section 53 and an outer section 55. The outer sections 55 emerging from the longitudinal passages 48, 49 spread from the compact condition and are subsequently brought together in a manner to be described later to form the shroud 20.

The rollers 51 , 52 are accommodated in a casing 57 which surrounds the head end section 50. The casing 57 is in spaced apart relationship with the pipe string 13 whereby an annular space 58 is defined therebetween. The casing 57 incorporates protuberances 59 to accommodate the rollers 51 and 52, as best seen in Fig. 8 of the drawings.

The space 58 provides a path along which the outer section 55 of each section 21 , 22 of the flexible material can be deployed with the longitudinal sides of the sections brought together to form the shroud 20.

Each flexible section 21 , 22 has two longitudinal sides provided with a connector means 61 , comprising a first connector element being a male element 61a and a second connector element being a female connector element 61b. The arrangement is such that the male connector element 61a of each flexible section is arranged for engagement with the female connector element 61 b of the other flexible section in the manner of a zipper. In this way, the longitudinal sides of the two flexible sections 21, 22 can be zipped together to form the shroud, as best seen in Fig. 4. The longitudinal sections of the two sections 21 , 22 are progressively brought towards each other and then subsequently zipped together by way of guide roller assemblies 58 positioned along the casing 57.

The male connector element 61a comprises a head portion 100 and a trail portion 102. The trail portion 102 is affixed to the longitudinal side of the flexible section 22. The head portion 100 has provided thereon a series of recesses 104. The female connector element 61b comprises a channel portion 106 and a tail portion 108. The tail portion 108 is affixed to the longitudinal side of the flexible section 21. The channel portion 106 has provided on an inner surface 110 thereof a series of ridges 12 complimentary to the recesses 104 of the male connector element 61a. Upon zipping together of the connector elements 61a and 61b the head portion 100 is received within the channel portion 106.

The ridges 112 and recesses 104 engage in a manner such that a force applied to pull the connector elements 61a and 61 b apart causes the channel portion 106 to grip the head portion 100 with greater force by accentuating positive engagement of the ridges 112 and recesses 104.

It is envisaged that means be provided to ensure that the connector means 61 is firmly fastened before it is released from the head 11. These means can cover electrical, magnetic and visual means for checking before release.

A lower seal (not shown) is provided between the outer periphery of the pipe string 13 and the inner periphery of the shroud 20 at a location adjacent the region in the head section 50 at which assembly of the two sections 21, 22 is completed to form the shroud. The inner seal can be a complex of inflating and flexible seals which in turn can be used to pressure test the shroud 20 and connector means 61 before release from the elongate element. The lower seal is fixed in relation to the pipe string 13 so as to advance and withdraw with the pipe string, and slidingly engages the outer section 55.

Similarly, an upper seal 81 is provided adjacent ground level or at the water table between the shroud 20 and the pipe string 13, as shown in Fig. 3. The upper seal 81 is arranged to permit sliding movement of the pipe string therethrough as it advances along the passage 16.

The inner and upper seals define a sealed zone 90 within the shroud 20 which provides an inflation chamber 91 , seen best in Figs. 4 and 5. An inflation fluid such as Betonite slurry is introduced into the inflation chamber 91 for the purposes of inflating the shroud 20 and urging it into engagement against the periphery of the passage 16 around the pipe string 13. In this way, the shroud 20 provides support for the material 14 adjacent the periphery of the passage 16 for the purposes of preventing collapsing of the passage around the pipe string. The inflation fluid is introduced into the inflation chamber through inlet port 93 which communicates with a delivery line 95 accommodated within the casing 41 on the pipe string 13. The delivery line extends to the station 19 at ground level to receive the inflation fluid.

In operation, the apparatus according to the embodiment progressively deploys the shield 20 which supports the passage 16 formed by the mining head 11 as it

advances through the ground. The shroud 20 is continually deployed as the pipe string 13 advances, the sections 21 , 22 of flexible material being drawn along the longitudinal passages 48 in the casing 41 on the pipe string, and then being turned about themselves on the rollers 51 , 52 and subsequently brought together to form the shroud in the manner described. With this arrangement, the shroud 20 is progressively deployed at the head end section 50, the outer section 51 of the shroud being stationary with respect to the passage 16 once it has been deployed to form the shroud.

At the completion of the mining operation, the pipe string 13 and mining head 11 can be retracted along the passage 16. During retraction of the pipe string and mining head, the sections 21, 22 of flexible material are also retracted and returned to the rolls on which they are stored. During the retraction process, the connecting elements 61 unzip with respect to each other and the sections 21 , 22 are drawn into and along the longitudinal passages 48 within the casing 41.

A cleaning means (not shown ) may be provided for performing a cleaning operation on the sections 21 , 22 of flexible material before they are returned to the roll form. The cleaning means may comprise sprays from which a cleaning fluid such as water is sprayed onto the sections.

In Fig. 11 there is shown a second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention. The embodiment is substantially similar to that of Figs. 1 to 10 and like numerals denote like parts. The second embodiment comprises a pipe string 120 substantially circular in cross-section in which is provided the inner tube 31 defining the central flow path 33.

The pipe string 120 further carries two water lines 122 replacing the outer tube 35 of the first embodiment and the variously required service lines for power and telemetry cabling, shown generally at 124. Still further, flotation or buoyancy material 126 may be provided therein so as to buoy the pipe string 120 within the inflation chamber 91.

The longitudinal passages 48, 49 are provided within the pipe string 120 an such may also have the sections 21 , 22 of flexible material conveye therethrough in a compact condition. The operation of the second embodimen is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment. A delivery line 128 fo cleaning water is shown within the pipe string 120, the cleaning water bein utilised to clean the sections 21 , 22 of the flexible material before they ar returned to the roll form.

In Fig. 12 there is shown a modification of the pipe string 120 in whic longitudinal passages 130, 132 have the sections 21 , 22 of flexible materia provided with driving means comprising conveyor roller pairs 134 and powe means 136 associated therewith. The roller pairs 134 receive therein th connector elements 61a or 61b and facilitate the travel of the inner section 53 o the flexible material within the passages 130, 132. Such is advantageous whe the flexible material is to be conveyed within the pipe string 120 over lon distances.

From the foregoing it is evident that the embodiment provides a system fo supporting the passage 16 to allow the pipe string 13 to move freely therealon without being jammed by collapsible material.

It is envisaged that the connector means for joining the longitudinal sides of th flexible sections 21 , 22 may alternatively be replaced by a means for achievin either the stitching, welding or bonding together of the longitudinal sides.

It is still envisaged that the present invention will provide advantages in relatio to both petroleum exploration and the re-lining of pipe-lines. With regard to th former the present invention should relieve the necessity for multiple sized drill casings and allow use in environments prone to collapse. The reverse telescoping nature of the casings presently used in these applications is pron to jamming in such environments.

The relining of piping presently often involves depositing a fresh surface within an inner surface of the pipe from which an old surface has been removed. Use of the present invention will allow a low friction surface to be deployed within the pipe. Preferably such would be comprised of polyethylene or similar material.

The shroud of the present invention may be deployed with an adhesive and possibly a filler material on the surface exposed to the inner surface of the pipe to facilitate placement.

A still further embodiment of the present invention may allow a soft flexible material to be deployed as the shroud, the material being such that once it is in position it will harden independently or can, upon exposure to a suitable catalyst, cure or set such that the shroud becomes inflexible or rigid.

It is further envisaged that the apparatus and method of the present invention may be used in applications aimed only at tunnelling. For example, two substantially concentric shrouds may be deployed and between which a settable material can be injected, for example concrete. The concrete sets to form a pipe in situ. The innermost of the shrouds deployed in this manner may or may not be reclaimed. If left in situ the innermost shroud would actively prevent penetration of materials through the settable material and into the void of the pipe being created.

Modifications and variations such as would be apparent to the skilled addressee are considered to fall within the scope of the present invention.