APPARATUS FOR SALTING, PICKLING OR ADDING ADDITIVES TO MEAT, FISH OR SIMILAR PRODUCTS, AND A METHOD FOR USE THEREOF

The present invention relates to an apparatus for salting, pickling or adding additives to meat, fish or similar products, wherein keeping qualities of food products is required.

Pickling is a treatment also named brining or corning, and is a process of preserving food by anaerobic fermentation in brine.

Additives can be used to improve the nutritional value of meat or to enhance the weight of meat products. Moreover, additives improve the texture of the food products and/or a juicier product is achieved.

From various prior art apparatuses, it is common to treat food products in a tank containing a solution of the treatment media to be introduced into the food products and whereby the penetration of said media into the food products is enhanced by needle injections or by exposing said products to ultrasound while in the tank.

The products to be treated are immersed in the treatment media in order to expose as much active surface as possible but in prior art, complete immersion of the products during the treatment period is not guaranteed.

Another essential object for such treatment is to keep a high throughput. Prior art teaches the flow of products coming in batches in order to keep the treatment in control, and it is a big challenge to achieve a high throughput together with the required retention time in the tank.

From FR 2 197 532 it is known to use an apparatus for the treatment of food products, e.g. pork, beef and charcuterie, by using a tank containing a

treatment liquid to be inserted into the food products, said tank having an inlet and an outlet, through which chunks of meat enter and leave the tank, and a conveyor provided in the tank and adapted to continuously carry enclosed chunks of meat into the tank through the inlet and out through the outlet.

Despite this prior art providing a continuous process, there is no teaching pointing to a need for a more efficient use of the conveyor and space-saving by means of a compact design.

Accordingly, a further object of the present invention is to keep the apparatus in a compact design and with a small space requirement at site.

The invention overcomes the drawbacks of the prior art as pointed out above.

The main objective regarding the throughput is achieved by an apparatus according to the invention, comprising a tank containing a solution of the treatment media to be introduced into the food products, and an inlet opening and an outlet opening, through which the food products enter and leave the tank, further comprising conveying means in the tank and adapted to continuously carry portions of meat or fish into the tank through the inlet and out of the tank through the outlet, while said portions are carried by the conveyor in a submerged state along a first direction, and then along an opposite second direction, which allows an efficient travelling distance two times the length of the conveyor.

The treatment of food products could make use of several treatment tanks, e.g. to first introduce proteins in a first tank and optionally introduce brine or a marinade in a following tank. Also the tanks can be provided with ultrasound means to improve absorption of the treatment media in the food products.

The fact that ultrasound activates cell membranes in food products makes way for the proteins in a treatment solution to access canals to the core of products (see Bruce H. Upton, 2005, "The Biology of Belief, ISBN-13: 978- 0975991473), whereby the treatment process becomes much more efficient and less time-consuming.

The conveying means according to the invention is arranged in such a way that it comprises divider panels extending outwards from the conveyor plane and transversely to the transport direction. A conveyor in the form of a conveyor belt moves through the tank and is enclosed by the tank walls in such a manner that enclosures are defined by any two adjacent dividers and surrounding tank walls meaning that meat products delivered onto the conveyor belt will proceed fully submerged from inlet to outlet, while the retention time in the treatment solution could be as low as less than 10 minutes.

Due to the shorter retention time obtained according to the invention, much less space is required to process a certain amount of meat, whereby our second objective is met.

The tank can also be provided with temperature-regulating means maintaining the temperature at less than 20 ⁰ C, preferably 5-10 ⁰ C.

Moreover, a method to be used with the apparatus according to the invention includes the steps of:

- providing a tank containing a solution of treatment media to be introduced into the meat or fish,

- continuously introducing the meat or fish to be treated, through an inlet opening of the tank, - carrying portions of the meat or fish forward in separate enclosures defined on top of a conveyor,

- retaining the meat or fish submerged in the treatment solution contained in the tank, while following a first direction followed by an opposite second direction, and

- removing the meat or fish continuously from the tank through an outlet after a predetermined retention time determined by the conveyor speed.

Additionally, ultrasound means may be activated during all or part of the submerged state of the fish or meat in order to enhance the absorption of additives etc. in the fish or meat.

Further, the method according to the invention could be repeated in an additional tank with a different treatment solution.

The apparatus and method will be better understood from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, when read in connection with the accompanying drawings showing:

Fig. 1 : an apparatus for salting, pickling or adding additives to food products according to the invention,

Fig. 2: a sectional end view A-A of the apparatus of Fig. 1, wherein ultrasound transducers are placed underneath the apparatus,

Fig. 3: a sectional view like Fig. 2, having further transducers on each side of the tank,

Fig. 4: a plan view of the apparatus of Fig. 1 illustrating the conveyor with dividers,

Fig. 5: a layout of a tank with attached preparation container for protein additives, and

Fig. 6: a flow diagram of a complete method according to the invention including preparation of the proteins.

Fig. 1 shows a preferred apparatus for pickling or marinating or adding additives to fish flesh being delivered to the apparatus by a supply conveyor

7. The apparatus comprises a box-shaped tank 1 with a countersunk lid 6, the whole or part of which is hinged horizontally to be opened upwards in an angle α giving access to the top flight of an endless conveyor 2 partly or fully submerged in the tank 1. The tank 1 contains a treatment solution (not shown) for salting, pickling or adding additives to the fish flesh carried forward by the supply conveyor 7. Said treatment solution could be brine, a marinade or a solution of proteins, etc.

The transport conveyor 2 in Fig. 1 is provided with a variable speed conveyor drive 9 and has an upper flight entering the tank 1 at the inlet opening and leaving the tank 1 at the outlet end, where the fish flesh is ejected onto a receiving table 10 after completion of the treatment chosen. The liquid dripping from the fish flesh is collected in a collector 11 and returned by a pump 20 (Fig. 5) to the tank 1.

The conveyor 2 comprises an endless belt 2a with outwardly protruding dividing walls or carriers 8 attached thereto. Said carriers are uniformly distributed along the belt 2a; defining together with the surrounding tank walls and the lid 6 a number of confined spaces for the fish products to be carried forward while kept submerged in the treatment solution.

Moreover, a control box 5 is connected via a power line 4 to the tank 1 in order to power optional ultrasound means in the form of transducers 3 extending longitudinally along the tank/conveyor in order to emit ultrasound waves into the treatment solution. The transducers are located either beneath and/or on the sides of the tank 1 (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, respectively).

Fig. 4 shows a plan view of the processing system illustrating the "fish flesh chambers" on the transport conveyor belt 2a; defined lengthwise by the dividers 8.

Fig. 5 is a layout of the tank 1 and a preparation container 22 for preparing a protein solution to be delivered to the tank 1. Solubilized ground fish or meat is mixed with cold water and homogenized in a homogenizer 24 attached to the container 22, preferably in a water-to-fish/meat ratio between 12:1 and 6:1 ; especially 10:1. Next, a food grade base (e.g. NaOH) 21 is added to the homogenized mixture in the container 22 and adjusted (23) to a pH value of 10.5 to 11.5 by stirring. Insoluble particles are removed from the protein solution by sifting (not shown). The protein solution is then transferred to the treatment tank 1 by a pump 25. For maintenance purposes, valves 26, 27 are provided to block the connection between the container 22 and the pump 25 and to drain the container 22, respectively.

The processing in the tank 1 includes chunks of fish or meat being delivered with supply conveyor 7 to a location between dividers 8 on the conveyor belt 2a. The confined food products are carried along the upper flight and then the bottom flight of the conveyor belt 2a while being kept submerged in the treatment solution until they are ejected on the receiving table 10 and optionally transferred for further processing. The speed of movement is adjustable to a required submerged retention time. Ultrasound transducers 3 are activated if required.

Referring to Fig. 6, further processing could be e.g. machine pumping/injection of brine 7a, freezing 7b, icing or ice packing 7c and drying 7d.

After brine injection 7a, smoking 8a could be an additional treatment. Cooking or other processing 8b could follow the process steps 7b to 7d.

Advantageously, products could repeat the protein treatment stage and excessive water be evaporated after each stay in the soaking tank and in that way products could be build up to a certain size or weight. Thus completely new products can be developed, increasing the value of an intrinsic low-cost raw material.

Irrespectively of the invention being exemplified in connection with the fishing industry in the above discussion, the invention will be equally suited for a variety of meat from other animals.