TRANSMISSION

CROSS REFERENCE

[001] This application claims the benefit of and priority from US Provisional Patent Application No. 62/512,122 entitled "Apparatus, System and Method of Encoding a Wireless Transmission", filed May 29, 2017, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[002] Embodiments described herein generally relate to encoding a wireless transmission.

BACKGROUND

[003] A wireless communication network in a millimeter-wave band may provide high-speed data access for users of wireless communication devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[004] For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. The figures are listed below.

[005] Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[006] Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (EDMG) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) format, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[007] Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a first Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR), which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. [008] Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of a graph depicting an unscrambled block number versus an initial seed value, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[009] Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of a graph depicting a probability of an unscrambled codeword versus a number of codewords in a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU), in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0010] Fig. 6 is a schematic illustration of a second LFSR, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0011] Fig. 7 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of encoding a wireless transmission, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. [0012] Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of a product of manufacture, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some embodiments. However, it will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art that some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, units and/or circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the discussion.

[0014] Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, "processing", "computing", "calculating", "determining", "establishing", "analyzing", "checking", or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes.

[0015] The terms "plurality" and "a plurality", as used herein, include, for example, "multiple" or "two or more". For example, "a plurality of items" includes two or more items.

[0016] References to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "demonstrative embodiment", "various embodiments" etc., indicate that the embodiment(s) so described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrase "in one embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may. [0017] As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third" etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner. [0018] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Device (MD), a wireless station (STA), a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a wearable device, a sensor device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless Access Point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a Wireless Video Area Network (WVAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wireless LAN (WLAN), a Personal Area Network (PAN), a Wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

[0019] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards (including IEEE 802.11- 2016 {IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, December 7, 2016); and/or IEEE 802.1 lay (P802.11ay Standard for Information Technology- Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks— Specific Requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications— Amendment: Enhanced Throughput for Operation in License-Exempt Bands Above 45 GHz)) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing WFA Peer-to-Peer (P2P) specifications (WiFi P2P technical specification, version 1.7, July 6, 2016) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing Wireless- Gigabit-Alliance (WGA) specifications (including Wireless Gigabit Alliance, Inc WiGig MAC and PHY Specification Version 1.1, April 2011, Final specification) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing cellular specifications and/or protocols, e.g., 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, units and/or devices which are part of the above networks, and the like. [0020] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a Personal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

[0021] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems, for example, Radio Frequency (RF), Infra Red (IR), Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM), Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), FDM Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA), Extended TDMA (E- TDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single- carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee™, Ultra- Wideband (UWB), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, Fifth Generation (5G), or Sixth Generation (6G) mobile networks, 3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used in various other devices, systems and/or networks.

[0022] The term "wireless device", as used herein, includes, for example, a device capable of wireless communication, a communication device capable of wireless communication, a communication station capable of wireless communication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wireless communication, or the like. In some demonstrative embodiments, a wireless device may be or may include a peripheral that is integrated with a computer, or a peripheral that is attached to a computer. In some demonstrative embodiments, the term "wireless device" may optionally include a wireless service.

[0023] The term "communicating" as used herein with respect to a communication signal includes transmitting the communication signal and/or receiving the communication signal. For example, a communication unit, which is capable of communicating a communication signal, may include a transmitter to transmit the communication signal to at least one other communication unit, and/or a communication receiver to receive the communication signal from at least one other communication unit. The verb communicating may be used to refer to the action of transmitting or the action of receiving. In one example, the phrase "communicating a signal" may refer to the action of transmitting the signal by a first device, and may not necessarily include the action of receiving the signal by a second device. In another example, the phrase "communicating a signal" may refer to the action of receiving the signal by a first device, and may not necessarily include the action of transmitting the signal by a second device. The communication signal may be transmitted and/or received, for example, in the form of Radio Frequency (RF) communication signals, and/or any other type of signal.

[0024] As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to, be part of, or include, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an integrated circuit, an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware.

[0025] The term "logic" may refer, for example, to computing logic embedded in circuitry of a computing apparatus and/or computing logic stored in a memory of a computing apparatus. For example, the logic may be accessible by a processor of the computing apparatus to execute the computing logic to perform computing functions and/or operations. In one example, logic may be embedded in various types of memory and/or firmware, e.g., silicon blocks of various chips and/or processors. Logic may be included in, and/or implemented as part of, various circuitry, e.g. radio circuitry, receiver circuitry, control circuitry, transmitter circuitry, transceiver circuitry, processor circuitry, and/or the like. In one example, logic may be embedded in volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory, including random access memory, read only memory, programmable memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, persistent memory, and the like. Logic may be executed by one or more processors using memory, e.g., registers, stuck, buffers, and/or the like, coupled to the one or more processors, e.g., as necessary to execute the logic.

[0026] Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a WLAN, e.g., a WiFi network. Other embodiments may be used in conjunction with any other suitable wireless communication network, for example, a wireless area network, a "piconet", a WPAN, a WVAN and the like.

[0027] Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a wireless communication network communicating over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz), e.g., 60GHz. However, other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any other suitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, an Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band), e.g., a frequency band within the frequency band of between 20Ghz and 300GHz, a frequency band above 45GHz, a 5G frequency band, a frequency band below 20GHz, e.g., a Sub 1 GHz (S 1G) band, a 2.4GHz band, a 5GHz band, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequency band, a frequency band according to the WGA specification, and the like.

[0028] The term "antenna", as used herein, may include any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. In some embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. In some embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receive elements. The antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna, a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or the like.

[0029] The phrases "directional multi-gigabit (DMG)" and "directional band" (DBand), as used herein, may relate to a frequency band wherein the Channel starting frequency is above 45 GHz. In one example, DMG communications may involve one or more directional links to communicate at a rate of multiple gigabits per second, for example, at least 1 Gigabit per second, e.g., at least 7 Gigabit per second, at least 30 Gigabit per second, or any other rate. [0030] Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented by a DMG STA (also referred to as a "mmWave STA (mSTA)"), which may include for example, a STA having a radio transmitter, which is capable of operating on a channel that is within the DMG band. The DMG STA may perform other additional or alternative functionality. Other embodiments may be implemented by any other apparatus, device and/or station.

[0031] Reference is made to Fig. 1, which schematically illustrates a system 100, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0032] As shown in Fig. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, system 100 may include one or more wireless communication devices. For example, system 100 may include a wireless communication device 102, a wireless communication device 140, and/or one more other devices.

[0033] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static, device.

[0034] For example, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, for example, a UE, an MD, a STA, an AP, a PC, a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an Ultrabook™ computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a handheld device, a wearable device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or nonportable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, a "Carry Small Live Large" (CSLL) device, an Ultra Mobile Device (UMD), an Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC), a Mobile Internet Device (MID), an "Origami" device or computing device, a device that supports Dynamically Composable Computing (DCC), a context-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, a Set- Top-Box (STB), a Blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, a High Definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, a HD DVD recorder, a Personal Video Recorder (PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat panel display, a Personal Media Player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), a digital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a Digital Still camera (DSC), a media player, a Smartphone, a television, a music player, or the like. [0035] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include, for example, one or more of a processor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, a memory unit 194, and/or a storage unit 195; and/or device 140 may include, for example, one or more of a processor 181, an input unit 182, an output unit 183, a memory unit 184, and/or a storage unit 185. Devices 102 and/or 140 may optionally include other suitable hardware components and/or software components. In some demonstrative embodiments, some or all of the components of one or more of devices 102 and/or 140 may be enclosed in a common housing or packaging, and may be interconnected or operably associated using one or more wired or wireless links. In other embodiments, components of one or more of devices 102 and/or 140 may be distributed among multiple or separate devices.

[0036] In some demonstrative embodiments, processor 191 and/or processor 181 may include, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a multiple-core processor, a microprocessor, a host processor, a controller, a plurality of processors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or more circuits, circuitry, a logic unit, an Integrated Circuit (IC), an Application-Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitable multi-purpose or specific processor or controller. Processor 191 may execute instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 102 and/or of one or more suitable applications. Processor 181 may execute instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 140 and/or of one or more suitable applications.

[0037] In some demonstrative embodiments, input unit 192 and/or input unit 182 may include, for example, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a touch-screen, a touch-pad, a track-ball, a stylus, a microphone, or other suitable pointing device or input device. Output unit 193 and/or output unit 183 may include, for example, a monitor, a screen, a touch- screen, a flat panel display, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display unit, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display unit, a plasma display unit, one or more audio speakers or earphones, or other suitable output devices. [0038] In some demonstrative embodiments, memory unit 194 and/or memory unit 184 includes, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Synchronous DRAM (SD-RAM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non- volatile memory, a cache memory, a buffer, a short term memory unit, a long term memory unit, or other suitable memory units. Storage unit 195 and/or storage unit 185 may include, for example, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a Compact Disk (CD) drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD drive, or other suitable removable or non-removable storage units. Memory unit 194 and/or storage unit 195, for example, may store data processed by device 102. Memory unit 184 and/or storage unit 185, for example, may store data processed by device 140. [0039] In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may be capable of communicating content, data, information and/or signals via a wireless medium (WM) 103. In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless medium 103 may include, for example, a radio channel, a cellular channel, an RF channel, a WiFi channel, a 5G channel, an IR channel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Channel, and the like.

[0040] In some demonstrative embodiments, WM 103 may include one or more directional bands and/or channels. For example, WM 103 may include one or more millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless communication bands and/or channels.

[0041] In some demonstrative embodiments, WM 103 may include one or more DMG channels. In other embodiments WM 103 may include any other directional channels.

[0042] In other embodiments, WM 103 may include any other type of channel over any other frequency band.

[0043] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may include one or more radios including circuitry and/or logic to perform wireless communication between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other wireless communication devices. For example, device 102 may include at least one radio 114, and/or device 140 may include at least one radio 144.

[0044] In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include one or more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry and/or logic to receive wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data. For example, radio 114 may include at least one receiver 116, and/or radio 144 may include at least one receiver 146.

[0045] In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include one or more wireless transmitters (Tx) including circuitry and/or logic to transmit wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data. For example, radio 114 may include at least one transmitter 118, and/or radio 144 may include at least one transmitter 148.

[0046] In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144, transmitters 118 and/or 148, and/or receivers 116 and/or 146 may include circuitry; logic; Radio Frequency (RF) elements, circuitry and/or logic; baseband elements, circuitry and/or logic; modulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; demodulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; amplifiers; analog to digital and/or digital to analog converters; filters; and/or the like. For example, radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include or may be implemented as part of a wireless Network Interface Card (NIC), and the like. [0047] In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may be configured to communicate over a directional band, for example, an mmWave band, a 5G band, and/or any other band, for example, a 2.4GHz band, a 5GHz band, a S 1G band, and/or any other band.

[0048] In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include, or may be associated with one or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas.

[0049] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include one or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas 107, and/or device 140 may include on or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas 147.

[0050] Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any type of antennas suitable for transmitting and/or receiving wireless communication signals, blocks, frames, transmission streams, packets, messages and/or data. For example, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include, for example, antennas suitable for directional communication, e.g., using beamforming techniques. For example, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include a phased array antenna, a multiple element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or the like. In some embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. In some embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receive elements. [0051] In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include directional antennas, which may be steered to one or more beam directions. For example, antennas 107 may be steered to one or more beam directions 135, and/or antennas 147 may be steered to one or more beam directions 145.

[0052] In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include and/or may be implemented as part of a single Phased Antenna Array (PAA).

[0053] In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may be implemented as part of a plurality of PAAs, for example, as a plurality of physically independent PAAs.

[0054] In some demonstrative embodiments, a PAA may include, for example, a rectangular geometry, e.g., including an integer number, denoted M, of rows, and an integer number, denoted N, of columns. In other embodiments, any other types of antennas and/or antenna arrays may be used.

[0055] In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or antennas 147 may be connected to, and/or associated with, one or more Radio Frequency (RF) chains. [0056] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include one or more, e.g., a plurality of, RF chains 109 connected to, and/or associated with, antennas 107.

[0057] In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more of RF chains 109 may be included as part of, and/or implemented as part of one or more elements of radio 114, e.g., as part of transmitter 118 and/or receiver 116. [0058] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include one or more, e.g., a plurality of, RF chains 149 connected to, and/or associated with, antennas 147. [0059] In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more of RF chains 149 may be included as part of, and/or implemented as part of one or more elements of radio 144, e.g., as part of transmitter 148 and/or receiver 146.

[0060] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a controller 124, and/or device 140 may include a controller 154. Controller 124 may be configured to perform and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control device 102 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other devices; and/or controller 154 may be configured to perform, and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control device 140 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other devices, e.g., as described below. [0061] In some demonstrative embodiments, controllers 124 and/or 154 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, baseband (BB) circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, Application Processor (AP) circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of controllers 124 and/or 154, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of controllers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.

[0062] In one example, controller 124 may include circuitry and/or logic, for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, to cause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 102, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 102, to perform one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as described herein.

[0063] In one example, controller 154 may include circuitry and/or logic, for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, to cause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 140, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 140, to perform one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as described herein.

[0064] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a message processor 128 configured to generate, process and/or access one or messages communicated by device 102.

[0065] In one example, message processor 128 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted by device 102, and/or message processor 128 may be configured to access and/or to process one or more messages received by device 102, e.g., as described below.

[0066] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include a message processor 158 configured to generate, process and/or access one or messages communicated by device 140.

[0067] In one example, message processor 158 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted by device 140, and/or message processor 158 may be configured to access and/or to process one or more messages received by device 140, e.g., as described below.

[0068] In some demonstrative embodiments, message processors 128 and/or 158 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, BB circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, AP circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of message processors 128 and/or 158, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of message processors 128 and/or 158 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.

[0069] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of radio 114, and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of radio 144. [0070] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of controller 124, and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of controller 154. [0071] In other embodiments, the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 140.

[0072] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of controller 124 and/or message processor 128 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC). In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 114. For example, the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 124, one or more elements of message processor 128, and/or one or more elements of radio 114. In one example, controller 124, message processor 128, and radio 114 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC.

[0073] In other embodiments, controller 124, message processor 128 and/or radio 114 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 102.

[0074] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of controller 154 and/or message processor 158 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC). In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 144. For example, the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 154, one or more elements of message processor 158, and/or one or more elements of radio 144. In one example, controller 154, message processor 158, and radio 144 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC.

[0075] In other embodiments, controller 154, message processor 158 and/or radio 144 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 140.

[0076] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, one or more STAs. For example, device 102 may include at least one STA, and/or device 140 may include at least one STA. [0077] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, one or more DMG STAs. For example, device 102 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, at least one DMG STA, and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, at least one DMG STA.

[0078] In other embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, any other wireless device and/or station, e.g., a WLAN STA, a WiFi STA, and the like. [0079] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, an access point (AP), e.g., a DMG AP, and/or a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP), e.g., a DMG PCP, for example, an AP/PCP STA, e.g., a DMG AP/PCP STA. [0080] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, a non-AP STA, e.g., a DMG non-AP STA, and/or a non-PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non-PCP STA, for example, a non-AP/PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non- AP/PCP STA. [0081] In other embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, any other additional or alternative device and/or station.

[0082] In one example, a station (STA) may include a logical entity that is a singly addressable instance of a medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) interface to the wireless medium (WM). The STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0083] In one example, an AP may include an entity that contains a station (STA), e.g., one STA, and provides access to distribution services, via the wireless medium (WM) for associated STAs. The AP may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0084] In one example, a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP) may include an entity that contains a STA, e.g., one station (STA), and coordinates access to the wireless medium (WM) by STAs that are members of a PBSS. The PCP may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0085] In one example, a PBSS may include a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) basic service set (BSS) that includes, for example, one PBSS control point (PCP). For example, access to a distribution system (DS) may not be present, but, for example, an intra-PBSS forwarding service may optionally be present.

[0086] In one example, a PCP/AP STA may include a station (STA) that is at least one of a PCP or an AP. The PCP/AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality. [0087] In one example, a non-AP STA may include a STA that is not contained within an AP. The non-AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0088] In one example, a non-PCP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP. The non-PCP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality. [0089] In one example, a non PCP/AP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP and that is not an AP. The non-PCP/AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0090] In some demonstrative embodiments devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over a Next Generation 60 GHz (NG60) network, an Enhanced DMG (EDMG) network, and/or any other network. For example, devices 102 and/or 140 may perform Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication, for example, for communicating over the NG60 and/or EDMG networks, e.g., over an NG60 or an EDMG frequency band.

[0091] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more Specifications, for example, including one or more IEEE 802.11 Specifications, e.g., an IEEE 802.11-2016 Specification, an IEEE 802. Hay Specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol.

[0092] Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented, for example, as part of a new standard in an mmWave band, e.g., a 60GHz frequency band or any other directional band, for example, as an evolution of an IEEE 802.11-2016 Specification and/or an IEEE 802.1 lad Specification.

[0093] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured according to one or more standards, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lay Standard, which may be, for example, configured to enhance the efficiency and/or performance of an IEEE 802. Had Specification, which may be configured to provide Wi-Fi connectivity in a 60 GHz band.

[0094] Some demonstrative embodiments may enable, for example, to significantly increase the data transmission rates defined in the IEEE 802. Had Specification, for example, from 7 Gigabit per second (Gbps), e.g., up to 30 Gbps, or to any other data rate, which may, for example, satisfy growing demand in network capacity for new coming applications.

[0095] Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented, for example, to allow increasing a transmission data rate, for example, by applying MIMO and/or channel bonding techniques.

[0096] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate MEVIO communications over the mmWave wireless communication band.

[0097] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to support one or more mechanisms and/or features, for example, channel bonding, Single User (SU) MIMO, and/or Multi-User (MU) MIMO, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 lay Standard and/or any other standard and/or protocol.

[0098] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionality of, one or more EDMG STAs. For example, device 102 may include, operate as, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionality of, at least one EDMG STA, and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionality of, at least one EDMG STA. [0099] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may implement a communication scheme, which may include Physical layer (PHY) and/or Media Access Control (MAC) layer schemes, for example, to support one or more applications, and/or increased transmission data rates, e.g., data rates of up to 30 Gbps, or any other data rate.

[00100] In some demonstrative embodiments, the PHY and/or MAC layer schemes may be configured to support frequency channel bonding over a mmWave band, e.g., over a 60 GHz band, SU MIMO techniques, and/or MU MIMO techniques.

[00101] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more mechanisms, which may be configured to enable SU and/or MU communication of Downlink (DL) and/or Uplink frames (UL) using a MIMO scheme. [00102] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to implement one or more MU communication mechanisms. For example, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more MU mechanisms, which may be configured to enable MU communication of DL frames using a MIMO scheme, for example, between a device, e.g., device 102, and a plurality of devices, e.g., including device 140 and/or one or more other devices.

[00103] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over an NG60 network, an EDMG network, and/or any other network and/or any other frequency band. For example, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate DL MIMO transmissions and/or UL MIMO transmissions, for example, for communicating over the NG60 and/or EDMG networks.

[00104] Some wireless communication Specifications, for example, the IEEE 802.1 lad-2012 Specification, may be configured to support a SU system, in which a STA may transmit frames to a single STA at a time. Such Specifications may not be able, for example, to support a STA transmitting to multiple STAs simultaneously, for example, using a MU-MEVIO scheme, e.g., a DL MU-MIMO, or any other MU scheme.

[00105] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate over a channel bandwidth, e.g., of at least 2.16GHz, in a frequency band above 45GHz.

[00106] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more mechanisms, which may, for example, enable to extend a single-channel BW scheme, e.g., a scheme in accordance with the IEEE 802. Had Specification or any other scheme, for higher data rates and/or increased capabilities, e.g., as described below.

[00107] In one example, the single-channel BW scheme may include communication over a 2.16 GHz channel (also referred to as a "single-channel" or a "DMG channel").

[00108] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, which may, for example, support communication over a channel BW (also referred to as a "wide channel", an "EDMG channel", or a "bonded channel") including two or more channels, e.g., two or more 2.16 GHz channels, e.g., as described below.

[00109] In some demonstrative embodiments, the channel bonding mechanisms may include, for example, a mechanism and/or an operation whereby two or more channels, e.g., 2.16 GHz channels, can be combined, e.g., for a higher bandwidth of packet transmission, for example, to enable achieving higher data rates, e.g., when compared to transmissions over a single channel. Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with respect to communication over a channel BW including two or more 2.16 GHz channels, however other embodiments may be implemented with respect to communications over a channel bandwidth, e.g., a "wide" channel, including or formed by any other number of two or more channels, for example, an aggregated channel including an aggregation of two or more channels.

[00110] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, which may, for example, support an increased channel bandwidth, for example, a channel BW of 4.32 GHz, a channel BW of 6.48 GHz, a channel BW of 8.64 GHz, and/or any other additional or alternative channel BW, e.g., as described below.

[00111] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, which may, for example, support an increased channel bandwidth, for example, a channel BW of 4.32 GHz, e.g., including two 2.16Ghz channels according to a channel bonding factor of two, a channel BW of 6.48 GHz, e.g., including three 2.16Ghz channels according to a channel bonding factor of three, a channel BW of 8.64 GHz, e.g., including four 2.16Ghz channels according to a channel bonding factor of four, and/or any other additional or alternative channel BW, e.g., including any other number of 2.16Ghz channels and/or according to any other channel bonding factor.

[00112] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to communicate one or more transmissions over one or more channel BWs, for example, including a channel BW of 2.16GHz, a channel BW of 4.32GHz, a channel BW of 6.48GHz, a channel BW of 8.64GHz and/or any other channel BW.

[00113] In some demonstrative embodiments, introduction of MIMO may be based, for example, on implementing robust transmission modes and/or enhancing the reliability of data transmission, e.g., rather than the transmission rate, compared to a Single Input Single Output (SISO) case. For example, one or more Space Time Block Coding (STBC) schemes utilizing a space-time channel diversity property may be implemented to achieve one or more enhancements for the MIMO transmission.

[00114] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate, process, transmit and/or receive a Physical Layer (PHY) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) having a PPDU format (also referred to as "EDMG PPDU format"), which may be configured, for example, for communication between EDMG stations, e.g., as described below.

[00115] In some demonstrative embodiments, a PPDU, e.g., an EMDG PPDU, may include at least one non-EDMG fields, e.g., a legacy field, which may be identified, decodable, and/or processed by one or more devices ("non-EDMG devices", or "legacy devices"), which may not support one or more features and/or mechanisms ("non-legacy" mechanisms or "EDMG mechanisms"). For example, the legacy devices may include non-EDMG stations, which may be, for example, configured according to an IEEE 802.11-2016 Standard, and the like. For example, a non-EDMG station may include a DMG station, which is not an EDMG station.

[00116] Reference is made to Fig. 2, which schematically illustrates an EDMG PPDU format 200, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. In one example, devices 102 (Fig. 1) and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to generate, transmit, receive and/or process one or more EDMG PPDUs having the structure and/or format of EDMG PPDU 200.

[00117] In one example, devices 102 (Fig. 1) and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may communicate EDMG PPDU 200, for example, as part of a transmission over a channel, e.g., an EDMG channel, having a channel bandwidth including one or more 2.16GHz channels, for example, including a channel BW of 2.16GHz, a channel BW of 4.32GHz, a channel BW of 6.48GHz, a channel BW of 8.64GHz, and/or any other channel BW, e.g., as described below. [00118] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 2, EDMG PPDU 200 may include a non-EDMG portion 210 ("legacy portion"), e.g., as described below.

[00119] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 2, non-EDMG portion 210 may include a non-EDMG (legacy) Short Training Field (STF) (L-STF) 202, a non-EDMG (Legacy) Channel Estimation Field (CEF) (L-CEF) 204, and/or a non- EDMG header (L-header) 206.

[00120] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 2, EDMG PPDU 200, may include an EDMG portion 220, for example, following non-EDMG portion 210, e.g., as described below.

[00121] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 2, EDMG portion 220 may include a first EDMG header, e.g., an EDMG-Header-A 208, an EDMG- STF 212, an EDMG-CEF 214, a second EDMG header, e.g., an EDMG-Header-B 216, a Data field 218, and/or one or more beamforming training fields, e.g., a TRN field 224.

[00122] In some demonstrative embodiments, EDMG portion 220 may include some or all of the fields shown in Fig. 2 and/or one or more other additional or alternative fields.

[00123] Referring back to Fig. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to encode one or more portions and/or fields of a PPDU, e.g., EDMG PPDU 200, according to an encoding scheme, for example, a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), e.g., an MCS 1, and/or any other encoding scheme and/or any other MCS, e.g., as described below.

[00124] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to encode one or more portions and/or fields of a PPDU according to an encoding scheme, which may be configured, for example, to allow at least solving a technical problem of avoiding a Pseudo Noise (PN) sequence compensation effect, which may occur during PPDU transmission. For example, the PN sequence compensation effect may, for example, in some scenarios, lead to unequal -1 and +1 Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) symbol selection, which in turn may cause, for example, spurs in a frequency domain.

[00125] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to encode one or more portions and/or fields of a PPDU according to a scrambling scheme, which may be suitable for and/or implemented by, for example, MCS 1 encoding, e.g., in an IEEE 802.1 lay Standard.

[00126] In some demonstrative embodiments, the scrambling scheme may be configured, for example, to allow at least solving the technical problem of avoiding the PN sequence compensation effect, which may occur during PPDU transmission, e.g., if a legacy scrambling method is used.

[00127] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to encode one or more portions and/or fields of a PPDU according to an MCS, e.g., an MCS 1 and/or any other MCS, as described below.

[00128] In some demonstrative embodiments, for example, the MCS 1, e.g., in compliance with an IEEE 802.11-2016 Specification, may be implemented, for example, for robust PPDU transmission, e.g., even in a low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) region.

[00129] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to encode one or more portions and/or fields of a PPDU, e.g., EDMG PPDU 200, according to an MCS, e.g., an MCS 1, which may be configured to use π/2-BPSK modulation, Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) encoding, e.g., with a rate ½, and/or repetition x2 of systematic part of the codeword, e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, any other MCS, modulation, encoding, rate, and/or repetition may be implemented. [00130] In some demonstrative embodiments, the MCS may implement an LDPC codeword length of 672 bits, e.g., in accordance with an IEEE 802.11-2016 Standard. Additionally or alternatively, an LDPC codeword length of 1344 bits and/or any other length may be implemented.

[00131] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to encode one or more portions and/or fields of a PPDU according to an MCS, e.g., an MCS 1, for example, by scrambling data, e.g., a data word, according to a first scrambling sequence to generate a first scrambled data word, determining a plurality of parity bits based on the first scrambled data word, scrambling the first scrambled data word according to a second scrambling sequence to generate a second scrambled data word, and generating an encoded codeword (CW) based on the first scrambled data word, the second scrambled data word and the parity bits, e.g., as described below.

[00132] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to encode one or more portions and/or fields of a PPDU, e.g., data field 218 (Fig. 2) and/or one or more other fields of EDMG PPDU 200 (Fig. 2), according to an MCS, e.g., an MCS l, for example, by performing one or more, e.g., some or all, of the following operations and/or procedures, e.g., as described below.

[00133] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to process an input information data word of a length L, denoted b = (bi, b ₂ , b _L ).

[00134] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate a first random PN sequence of length L, denoted si = (s l i, s l ₂ , S I _L ), and a second random PN sequence of length L, denoted s2 = (s2i, s2 ₂ , S2 _L ), for example, using a Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR), for example, defined by a primitive polynomial S(x) = x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l. In other embodiments, any other polynomial may be used. [00135] For example, the LSFR may be started from a seed value, which may be defined in a Header of the PPDU, e.g., in non-EDMG header (L-header) 206 (Fig. 2) and/or EDMG headers 208 and/or 216 (Fig. 2).

[00136] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to perform scrambling of the information data word by XORing the data word b with the first random PN sequence si to produce a first scrambled data word, denoted bsl = mod(b+sl, 2).

[00137] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to perform parity computation for codeword c = (bsl, 0, p) padded with zeros, for example, wherein: 0 = (0i, 0 ₂ , 0 _L ) defines zero vector of length L, and/or p = (pi, p ₂ , p ₂₁ J defines a parity vector of length 2L. In other embodiments, the parity bits may be defined according to any other procedure. [00138] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to perform scrambling of the first scrambled data word bsl a second time, for example, by XORing the first scrambled data word bsl with a second random PN sequence s2 to produce a second scrambled data word, denoted bs2, e.g., bs2 = mod(bsl+s2, 2) = mod(b+sl+s2,2) = mod(b+s,2), wherein s = sl+s2.

[00139] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to transmit a codeword, denoted c, for example, c = (bsl, bs2, p), e.g., such that a systematic part of the codeword is repeated, e.g., x2 times.

[00140] In other embodiments, one or more additional or alternative operations and/or procedures may be implemented.

[00141] In some demonstrative embodiments, the length L may be 168 bits, for example, for a codeword length of 672 bits.

[00142] In some demonstrative embodiments, the length L may be 336 bits, for example, for a codeword length of 1344 bits. [00143] In other embodiments, any other codeword length and/or length value L may be used.

[00144] Reference is now to Fig. 3, which schematically illustrates a first LFSR 300, which may be implemented to generate a scrambling sequence, e.g., a random PN sequence, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. [00145] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to implement LFSR 300 to generate the first scrambling sequence.

[00146] In other embodiments, any other additional or alternative LSFR scheme may be implemented.

[00147] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 3, LFSR 300 may be configured to generate a periodic sequence, e.g., of length 127 or any other length, for example, based on the polynomial x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l, for example, based on a plurality of bit values, denoted xl, x2,..., x7.

[00148] In other embodiments, LFSR 300 may be configured to generate a periodic sequence based on any other polynomial. [00149] In some demonstrative embodiments, LSFR 300 may be configured to generate the random PN sequence si. For example, start seed values may be from 1 up to 127, e.g., excluding a zero seed value.

[00150] Referring back to Fig. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement LFSR 300 (Fig 3) to generate the first random sequence si.

[00151] In some demonstrative embodiments, as discussed below, in some use cases, scenarios and/or implementations, it may not be advantageous to generate the second PN sequence s2 using the same LFSR defined by the primitive polynomial S(x) = x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l , e.g., while starting from the seed value equal to all ones, such that the initial seed is reloaded to all ones every LDPC codeword.

[00152] In some demonstrative embodiments, the MCS 1 encoding and scrambling procedure described above may suffer from a Pseudo Noise sequence compensation effect, for example, when for some LDPC codewords the PN sequence si = s2, e.g., when s = 0. In such cases, an effect of scrambling applied to the original data block b may be, for example, canceled out, e.g., resulting in an unscrambled codeword.

[00153] In some demonstrative embodiments, the Pseudo Noise sequence compensation effect may occur, for example, if si and s2 are generated based on the same polynomial, e.g., using the same LFSR, for example, LSFR 300 (Fig. 3).

[00154] For example, a situation where the original data word b includes long sequences of 0s and Is may lead to bursts of 0s or Is in the PPDU and/or unequal probabilities for - 1 and +1 in a π/2-BPSK modulation, which, in turn, may cause spurs in a frequency domain.

[00155] For example, a potential burst length can be up to N = L symbols, e.g., 168 or 336 symbols.

[00156] For example, an unscrambled block bs2 = b may appear with a period equal to 127 codewords, e.g., as described below. [00157] Reference is now to Fig. 4, which schematically illustrates a graph depicting an unscrambled block number versus different initial seed values, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[00158] For example, as shown in Fig. 4, a first unscrambled block number in the PPDU may depend on the initial seed value.

[00159] Reference is now to Fig. 5, which schematically illustrates a graph depicting a probability of an unscrambled codeword versus a number of codewords in a PPDU, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[00160] For example, as shown in Fig. 5, the probability of the unscrambled block versus PPDU length M (in CWs) may grow linearly with M, e.g., such that P(M > 127) = 1.

[00161] In some use cases, implementations and/or scenarios, in order to avoid the PN sequence compensation effect, a length of PPDUs may be limited. For example, only short PPDUs with the limited number of CWs less than 127 may be used, e.g., in order to avoid the PN compensation effect.

[00162] In some use cases, implementations and/or scenarios, the PN sequence compensation effect may result in degrading the seed randomness, for example, since the number of seed values that can be used may reduce linearly with growth of the CWs number M in the PPDU. [00163] In some use cases, implementations and/or scenarios, the PN sequence compensation effect may result in complication of a seed selection procedure, for example, since the set of seed values may depend on the number of CWs M.

[00164] In some demonstrative embodiments, an encoding scheme may be configured, for example, to solve these technical problems and/or to allow avoiding the PN sequence compensation effect and/or simplifying a seed selection procedure, e.g., as described below.

[00165] Referring back to Fig. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to generate the second random PN sequence s2, for example, based on a primitive polynomial, which may be different from the primitive polynomial used for generating the first random PN sequence si, e.g., as described below. [00166] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to encode one or more portions and/or fields of a PPDU according to an MCS, e.g., an MCS 1, e.g., as described below.

[00167] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control a wireless station implemented by device 102, e.g., a DMG STA or an EDMG STA, to scramble data of a PPDU according to a first scrambling sequence, which is based on a first polynomial, to generate a first scrambled data word, e.g., as described below.

[00168] For example, device 102 may scramble data field 218 (Fig. 2) and/or any other field of EDMG PPDU 200 (Fig. 2) according to the first scrambling sequence si, which is based on the first polynomial, for example, polynomial S(x), to generate the first scrambled data word bsl.

[00169] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to scramble the first scrambled data word according to a second scrambling sequence, which is based on a second polynomial, which is different from the first polynomial, to generate a second scrambled data word, e.g., as described below.

[00170] For example, device 102 may scramble the first scrambled word bsl according to the second scrambling sequence s2, which is based on a second polynomial, different from the first polynomial S(x), to generate the second scrambled data word bs2.

[00171] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to generate an encoded codeword based on the first scrambled data word, and the second scrambled data word, e.g., as described below.

[00172] For example, device 102 may generate the encoded codeword c based on the first scrambled data word bsl, and the second scrambled data word bs2, e.g., as described below.

[00173] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to transmit one or more wireless transmissions based on the encoded word, e.g., as described below. [00174] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to generate the encoded codeword based on the first scrambled data word, the second scrambled data word, and a plurality of parity bits, e.g., as described below. [00175] For example, device 102 may generate the encoded word c based on the first scrambled data word bsl, the second scrambled data word bs2, and a plurality of parity bits.

[00176] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to determine the plurality of parity bits based on the first scrambled data word, e.g., as described below.

[00177] For example, device 102 may determine the plurality of parity bits p based on the first scrambled data word bsl, for example, by applying a parity calculation to the scrambled data word bsl, e.g., as described above. [00178] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to generate the encoded codeword by concatenating the first scrambled data word, the second scrambled data word, and the plurality of parity bits, e.g., as described below.

[00179] For example, device 102 may generate the encoded word c by concatenating the first scrambled data word bsl, the second scrambled data word bs2, and the plurality of parity bits. For example, device 102 may generate the encoded word c = (bsl, bs2, p), e.g., as described above.

[00180] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to implement a first LFSR, e.g., LFSR 300 (Fig. 3) or any other LFSR, to generate the first scrambling sequence, and a second LFSR, which may be different from the first LFSR, to generate the second scrambling sequence, e.g., as described below.

[00181] In some demonstrative embodiments, the second LFSR (LFSR #2) may be configured to generate the PN sequence s2. The LFSR #2 may be, for example, different from the LFSR used to generate the PN sequence si. [00182] In some demonstrative embodiments, the first LSFR may be based on a first polynomial, and the second LSFR may be based on a second polynomial, different from the first polynomial, e.g., as described below.

[00183] In some demonstrative embodiments, the first LFSR may be based on the first polynomial including the polynomial Sl(x)=x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l, e.g., as described above.

[00184] In other embodiments, the first LFSR may be based on any other first polynomial.

[00185] In some demonstrative embodiments, the second LFSR may be based on a primitive polynomial, which is different from the primitive polynomial of the first LFSR, e.g., any primitive polynomial S2(x) different from Sl(x) = x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l .

[00186] In some demonstrative embodiments, the second LFSR may be based on the second polynomial including the polynomial S2(x)≠x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l, e.g., as described below.

[00187] In some demonstrative embodiments, the second LFSR may be configured, for example, based on the second polynomial S2(x) = x ⁷ +x+l, or any other polynomial S2(x)≠Sl(x).

[00188] In some demonstrative embodiments, each of the first polynomial and the second polynomial may have a sequence period of 127, e.g., as described below.

[00189] In other embodiments, the first polynomial and/or the second polynomial may have any other sequence period. [00190] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to generate the first scrambling sequence according to the first LFSR configured according to the first polynomial, and to generate the second scrambling sequence according to the second LFSR configured according to the second polynomial, e.g., as described below.

[00191] For example, device 102 may be configured to generate the first scrambling sequence si according to LSFR 300 (Fig. 3) configured according to the first polynomial Sl(x), and to generate the second scrambling sequence s2 according to the LSFR#2, different from LSFR 300 (Fig. 3), configured according to the second polynomial S2(x). [00192] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to modulate and encode one or more fields of the PPDU, for example, EDMG PPDU 200, e.g., data field 218 (Fig. 2), according to an MCS having an index of 1, e.g., as described below.

[00193] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to modulate and encode the PPDU according to an MCS including a π/2-BPSK modulation, a repetition factor of 2, and a code rate of ½, e.g., as described below. [00194] In other embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to modulate and encode the PPDU according to any other MCS index, repetition factor, code rate, and/or any other modulation scheme.

[00195] In some demonstrative embodiments, a header field of the PPDU may include an MCS index of 1, e.g., as described below.

[00196] For example, EDMG-Header-A 208 (Fig. 2) and/or EDMG-Header-B 216 (Fig. 2) may include an MCS index of 1.

[00197] In some demonstrative embodiments, the data of the PPDU, e.g., data field 218 (Fig. 2), may include a data word of a length of 168 bits, and the encoded codeword may have a length of 672 bits, e.g., as described below.

[00198] For example, data field 218 (Fig. 2) of EDMG PPDU 200 (Fig. 2) may include the data word b of a length of 168 bits. According to this example, device 102 may generate the encoded codeword c having a length of 672 bits.

[00199] In some demonstrative embodiments, the data of the PPDU may include a data word of a length of 336 bits, and the encoded codeword may have a length of 1344 bits, e.g., as described below.

[00200] For example, data field 218 (Fig. 2) of EDMG PPDU 200 (Fig. 2) may include the data word b of a length of 336 bits. According to this example, device 102 may generate the encoded codeword c having a length of 1344 bits. [00201] In other embodiments, the data of the PPDU may include a data word of any other length, and/or the encoded codeword may be of any other length. [00202] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to scramble the data of the PPDU by an exclusive-OR (XOR) of bits of a data word and the first scrambling sequence, and to scramble the first scrambled data word by a XOR of bits of the first scrambled data word and the second scrambling sequence, e.g., as described below.

[00203] For example, device 102 may scramble the data in data field 218 (Fig. 2) of EDMG PPDU (Fig. 2) by a XOR of bits of the data word b and the first scrambling sequence si, e.g., to generate the first scrambled data word bsl, and to scramble the first scrambled word bsl by a XOR of bits of the first scrambled data word bsl and the second scrambling sequence s2, e.g., to generate the second scrambled data word bs2.

[00204] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to generate and/or transmit one or more wireless transmissions based on the encoded word, e.g., as described below.

[00205] For example, device 102 may transmit a wireless transmission based on the encoded codeword c.

[00206] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to generate and/or transmit the wireless transmission according to a Single Carrier (SC) modulation scheme.

[00207] In other embodiments, device 102 may be configured to transmit the wireless transmission according to any other modulation scheme. [00208] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to transmit the wireless transmission over a frequency band above 45 GHz.

[00209] In other embodiments, device 102 may be configured to transmit the wireless transmission over any other frequency band. [00210] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 to transmit the wireless transmission over a channel bandwidth of 2.16 GHz, 4.32GHz, 6.48GHz, 8.64GHz, or any other channel bandwidth.

[00211] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control a wireless station implemented by device 140, e.g., a DMG STA or an EDMG STA, to receive and/or process one or more wireless transmissions based on one or more fields of the PPDU including the encoded word, e.g., as described below.

[00212] For example, device 140 may be configured to receive the wireless transmission including one or more fields of the PPDU based on the encoded codeword c.

[00213] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 140 to receive and/or process the wireless transmission according to a SC modulation scheme. [00214] In other embodiments, device 140 may be configured to receive and/or process the wireless transmission according to any other modulation scheme.

[00215] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 140 to receive the wireless transmission over a frequency band above 45 GHz. [00216] In other embodiments, device 140 may be configured to receive the wireless transmission over any other frequency band.

[00217] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 140 to receive the wireless transmission over a channel bandwidth of 2.16 GHz, 4.32GHz, 6.48GHz, 8.64GHz, or any other channel bandwidth.

[00218] Reference is now to Fig. 6, which schematically illustrates a second LFSR, e.g., LSFR 600, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, as shown in Fig. 6, LFSR 600 may be based on the polynomial S2(x) = x ⁷ +x+l . [00219] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to implement a first LFSR, e.g., LFSR 300 (Fig. 3), to generate the first scrambling sequence si, and a second LFSR, e.g., LFSR 600, to generate the second scrambling sequence s2.

[00220] In some demonstrative embodiments, LFSR 600 may be configured, for example, to maintain the same, e.g., some or all, PN random properties for s2 as for si.

[00221] In some demonstrative embodiments, for example, the PN sequences generated by both the polynomials Sl(x) and S2(x) may maintain one or more, e.g., some or all, of the following same properties:

1. Sequence period is equal to 127;

2. Hold 64 Is and 64 0s per period;

3. Keep the same statistics of burst of length N probability, proportional to ~2-N;

4. Near to zero mean value; and/or

5. Similar autocorrelation functions.

[00222] In other embodiments, the first and/or second LFSRs may be implemented according to one or more additional or alternative criteria, parameters, and/or properties.

[00223] Reference is made to Fig. 7, which schematically illustrates a method of encoding a wireless transmission according to an encoding scheme, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, one or more of the operations of the method of Fig. 7 may be performed by one or more elements of a system, e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1), for example, one or more wireless devices, e.g., device 102 (Fig. 1), and/or device 140 (Fig. 1), a controller, e.g., controller 124 (Fig. 1) and/or controller 154 (Fig. 1), a radio, e.g., radio 114 (Fig. 1) and/or radio 144 (Fig. 1), and/or a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (Fig. 1) and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1).

[00224] As indicated at block 702, the method may include scrambling data of a PPDU according to a first scrambling sequence to generate a first scrambled data word, the first scrambling sequence is based on a first polynomial. For example, controller 124 (Fig. 1) may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 (Fig. 1) to scramble data of a PPDU according to a first scrambling sequence to generate a first scrambled data word, the first scrambling sequence is based on a first polynomial, e.g., as described above.

[00225] As indicated at block 704, the method may include scrambling the first scrambled data word according to a second scrambling sequence to generate a second scrambled data word, the second scrambling sequence is based on a second polynomial, which is different from the first polynomial. For example, controller 124 (Fig. 1) may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 (Fig. 1) to scramble data word according to a second scrambling sequence to generate a second scrambled data word, the second scrambling sequence is based on a second polynomial, which is different from the first polynomial, e.g., as described above.

[00226] As indicated at block 706, the method may include generating an encoded codeword based on the first scrambled data word and the second scrambled data word. For example, controller 124 (Fig. 1) may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 (Fig. 1) to generate an encoded codeword based on the first scrambled data word and the second scrambled data word, e.g., as described above.

[00227] As indicated at block 708, the method may include transmitting a wireless transmission based on the encoded codeword. For example, controller 124 (Fig. 1) may be configured to cause, trigger, and/or control the wireless station implemented by device 102 (Fig. 1) to transmit a wireless transmission based on the encoded codeword, e.g., as described above.

[00228] Reference is made to Fig. 8, which schematically illustrates a product of manufacture 800, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. Product 800 may include one or more tangible computer-readable ("machine-readable") non- transitory storage media 802, which may include computer-executable instructions, e.g., implemented by logic 804, operable to, when executed by at least one computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor to implement one or more operations at device 102 (Fig. 1), device 140 (Fig. 1), radio 114 (Fig. 1), radio 144 (Fig. 1), transmitter 118 (Fig. 1), transmitter 148 (Fig. 1), receiver 116 (Fig. 1), receiver 146 (Fig. 1), controller 124 (Fig. 1), controller 154 (Fig. 1), message processor 128 (Fig. 1), and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1), to cause device 102 (Fig. 1), device 140 (Fig. 1), radio 114 (Fig. 1), radio 144 (Fig. 1), transmitter 118 (Fig. 1), transmitter 148 (Fig. 1), receiver 116 (Fig. 1), receiver 146 (Fig. 1), controller 124 (Fig. 1), controller 154 (Fig. 1), message processor 128 (Fig. 1), and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1) to perform, trigger and/or implement one or more operations and/or functionalities, and/or to perform, trigger and/or implement one or more operations and/or functionalities described with reference to the Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and/or 7, and/or one or more operations described herein. The phrase "non- transitory machine-readable medium" is directed to include all computer-readable media, with the sole exception being a transitory propagating signal. [00229] In some demonstrative embodiments, product 800 and/or machine-readable storage media 802 may include one or more types of computer-readable storage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory, non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writeable or re- writeable memory, and the like. For example, machine-readable storage media 802 may include, RAM, DRAM, Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDR-DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), Compact Disk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Re writeable (CD-RW), flash memory (e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM), polymer memory, phase-change memory, ferroelectric memory, silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppy disk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magnetic card, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like. The computer-readable storage media may include any suitable media involved with downloading or transferring a computer program from a remote computer to a requesting computer carried by data signals embodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link, e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.

[00230] In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 804 may include instructions, data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause the machine to perform a method, process and/or operations as described herein. The machine may include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computing platform, computing device, processing device, computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like, and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like.

[00231] In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 804 may include, or may be implemented as, software, a software module, an application, a program, a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code, words, values, symbols, and the like. The instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. The instructions may be implemented according to a predefined computer language, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform a certain function. The instructions may be implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level, object- oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab, Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.

EXAMPLES

[00232] The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

[00233] Example 1 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a wireless communication station (STA) to scramble data of a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) according to a first scrambling sequence to generate a first scrambled data word, the first scrambling sequence is based on a first polynomial; scramble the first scrambled data word according to a second scrambling sequence to generate a second scrambled data word, the second scrambling sequence is based on a second polynomial, which is different from the first polynomial; generate an encoded codeword based on the first scrambled data word and the second scrambled data word; and transmit a wireless transmission based on the encoded codeword.

[00234] Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to determine a plurality of parity bits based on the first scrambled data word, and to generate the encoded codeword based on the first scrambled data word, the second scrambled data word, and the plurality of parity bits. [00235] Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 2, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to generate the encoded codeword by concatenating the first scrambled data word, the second scrambled data word, and the plurality of parity bits. [00236] Example 4 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-3, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to generate the first scrambling sequence according to a first Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) configured according to the first polynomial, and to generate the second scrambling sequence according to a second LFSR configured according to the second polynomial. [00237] Example 5 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-4, and optionally, wherein the first polynomial comprises the polynomial S l(x)=x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l.

[00238] Example 6 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-5, and optionally, wherein the second polynomial comprises the polynomial S2(x)≠x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l.

[00239] Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-6, and optionally, wherein the second polynomial comprises the polynomial S2(x)=x ⁷ +x+l.

[00240] Example 8 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-7, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to modulate and encode the PPDU according to a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) having an index of 1. [00241] Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-8, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to modulate and encode the PPDU according to a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) comprising a π/2 Binary Phase Shift Keying (π/2-BPSK) modulation, a repetition factor of 2, and a code rate of ½. [00242] Example 10 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-9, and optionally, wherein a header field of the PPDU comprises a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) index of 1.

[00243] Example 11 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-10, and optionally, wherein the data of the PPDU comprises a data word of a length of 168 bits, the encoded codeword comprises a length of 672 bits. [00244] Example 12 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-10, and optionally, wherein the data of the PPDU comprises a data word of a length of 336 bits, the encoded codeword comprises a length of 1344 bits.

[00245] Example 13 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-12, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to scramble the data of the PPDU by an exclusive-OR (XOR) of bits of a data word and the first scrambling sequence, and to scramble the first scrambled data word by a XOR of bits of the first scrambled data word and the second scrambling sequence.

[00246] Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-13, and optionally, wherein each of the first polynomial and the second polynomial has a sequence period of 127.

[00247] Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-14, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to generate the transmission according to a Single Carrier (SC) modulation scheme. [00248] Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-15, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to transmit the transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00249] Example 17 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-16, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the STA to transmit the transmission over a channel bandwidth of 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz), 4.32GHz, 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.

[00250] Example 18 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-17, and optionally, wherein the PPDU comprises an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) PPDU. [00251] Example 19 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-18, and optionally, comprising a radio.

[00252] Example 20 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-19, and optionally, comprising one or more antennas.

[00253] Example 21 includes a system of wireless communication comprising a wireless communication station (STA), the STA comprising one or more antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the STA to scramble data of a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) according to a first scrambling sequence to generate a first scrambled data word, the first scrambling sequence is based on a first polynomial; scramble the first scrambled data word according to a second scrambling sequence to generate a second scrambled data word, the second scrambling sequence is based on a second polynomial, which is different from the first polynomial; generate an encoded codeword based on the first scrambled data word and the second scrambled data word; and transmit a wireless transmission based on the encoded codeword.

[00254] Example 22 includes the subject matter of Example 21, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to determine a plurality of parity bits based on the first scrambled data word, and to generate the encoded codeword based on the first scrambled data word, the second scrambled data word, and the plurality of parity bits.

[00255] Example 23 includes the subject matter of Example 22, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to generate the encoded codeword by concatenating the first scrambled data word, the second scrambled data word, and the plurality of parity bits.

[00256] Example 24 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-23, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to generate the first scrambling sequence according to a first Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) configured according to the first polynomial, and to generate the second scrambling sequence according to a second LFSR configured according to the second polynomial.

[00257] Example 25 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-24, and optionally, wherein the first polynomial comprises the polynomial S l(x)=x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l. [00258] Example 26 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-25, and optionally, wherein the second polynomial comprises the polynomial S2(x)≠x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l.

[00259] Example 27 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-26, and optionally, wherein the second polynomial comprises the polynomial S2(x)=x ⁷ +x+l.

[00260] Example 28 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-27, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to modulate and encode the PPDU according to a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) having an index of 1. [00261] Example 29 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-28, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to modulate and encode the PPDU according to a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) comprising a π/2 Binary Phase Shift Keying (π/2-BPSK) modulation, a repetition factor of 2, and a code rate of ½.

[00262] Example 30 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-29, and optionally, wherein a header field of the PPDU comprises a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) index of 1.

[00263] Example 31 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-30, and optionally, wherein the data of the PPDU comprises a data word of a length of 168 bits, the encoded codeword comprises a length of 672 bits.

[00264] Example 32 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-30, and optionally, wherein the data of the PPDU comprises a data word of a length of 336 bits, the encoded codeword comprises a length of 1344 bits. [00265] Example 33 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-32, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to scramble the data of the PPDU by an exclusive-OR (XOR) of bits of a data word and the first scrambling sequence, and to scramble the first scrambled data word by a XOR of bits of the first scrambled data word and the second scrambling sequence. [00266] Example 34 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-33, and optionally, wherein each of the first polynomial and the second polynomial has a sequence period of 127.

[00267] Example 35 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-34, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to generate the transmission according to a Single Carrier (SC) modulation scheme.

[00268] Example 36 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-35, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to transmit the transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00269] Example 37 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-36, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the STA to transmit the transmission over a channel bandwidth of 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz), 4.32GHz, 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.

[00270] Example 38 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 21-37, and optionally, wherein the PPDU comprises an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) PPDU.

[00271] Example 39 includes a method to be performed at a wireless communication station (STA), the method comprising scrambling data of a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) according to a first scrambling sequence to generate a first scrambled data word, the first scrambling sequence is based on a first polynomial; scrambling the first scrambled data word according to a second scrambling sequence to generate a second scrambled data word, the second scrambling sequence is based on a second polynomial, which is different from the first polynomial; generating an encoded codeword based on the first scrambled data word and the second scrambled data word; and transmitting a wireless transmission based on the encoded codeword. [00272] Example 40 includes the subject matter of Example 39, and optionally, comprising determining a plurality of parity bits based on the first scrambled data word, and generating the encoded codeword based on the first scrambled data word, the second scrambled data word, and the plurality of parity bits.

[00273] Example 41 includes the subject matter of Example 40, and optionally, comprising generating the encoded codeword by concatenating the first scrambled data word, the second scrambled data word, and the plurality of parity bits.

[00274] Example 42 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-41, and optionally, comprising generating the first scrambling sequence according to a first Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) configured according to the first polynomial, and generating the second scrambling sequence according to a second LFSR configured according to the second polynomial.

[00275] Example 43 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-42, and optionally, wherein the first polynomial comprises the polynomial S l(x)=x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l.

[00276] Example 44 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-43, and optionally, wherein the second polynomial comprises the polynomial S2(x)≠x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l. [00277] Example 45 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-44, and optionally, wherein the second polynomial comprises the polynomial S2(x)=x ⁷ +x+l.

[00278] Example 46 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-45, and optionally, comprising modulating and encoding the PPDU according to a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) having an index of 1.

[00279] Example 47 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-46, and optionally, comprising modulating and encoding the PPDU according to a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) comprising a π/2 Binary Phase Shift Keying (π/2-BPSK) modulation, a repetition factor of 2, and a code rate of ½. [00280] Example 48 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-47, and optionally, wherein a header field of the PPDU comprises a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) index of 1.

[00281] Example 49 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-48, and optionally, wherein the data of the PPDU comprises a data word of a length of 168 bits, the encoded codeword comprises a length of 672 bits.

[00282] Example 50 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-48, and optionally, wherein the data of the PPDU comprises a data word of a length of 336 bits, the encoded codeword comprises a length of 1344 bits.

[00283] Example 51 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-50, and optionally, comprising scrambling the data of the PPDU by an exclusive-OR (XOR) of bits of a data word and the first scrambling sequence, and scrambling the first scrambled data word by a XOR of bits of the first scrambled data word and the second scrambling sequence.

[00284] Example 52 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-51, and optionally, wherein each of the first polynomial and the second polynomial has a sequence period of 127.

[00285] Example 53 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-52, and optionally, comprising generating the transmission according to a Single Carrier (SC) modulation scheme. [00286] Example 54 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-53, and optionally, comprising transmitting the transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00287] Example 55 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-54, and optionally, comprising transmitting the transmission over a channel bandwidth of 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz), 4.32GHz, 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.

[00288] Example 56 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 39-55, and optionally, wherein the PPDU comprises an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) PPDU. [00289] Example 57 includes a product including one or more tangible computer- readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a wireless communication station (STA) to scramble data of a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) according to a first scrambling sequence to generate a first scrambled data word, the first scrambling sequence is based on a first polynomial; scramble the first scrambled data word according to a second scrambling sequence to generate a second scrambled data word, the second scrambling sequence is based on a second polynomial, which is different from the first polynomial; generate an encoded codeword based on the first scrambled data word and the second scrambled data word; and transmit a wireless transmission based on the encoded codeword.

[00290] Example 58 includes the subject matter of Example 57, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to determine a plurality of parity bits based on the first scrambled data word, and to generate the encoded codeword based on the first scrambled data word, the second scrambled data word, and the plurality of parity bits.

[00291] Example 59 includes the subject matter of Example 58, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to generate the encoded codeword by concatenating the first scrambled data word, the second scrambled data word, and the plurality of parity bits.

[00292] Example 60 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-59, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to generate the first scrambling sequence according to a first Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) configured according to the first polynomial, and to generate the second scrambling sequence according to a second LFSR configured according to the second polynomial.

[00293] Example 61 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-60, and optionally, wherein the first polynomial comprises the polynomial S l(x)=x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l .

[00294] Example 62 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-61, and optionally, wherein the second polynomial comprises the polynomial S2(x)≠x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l.

[00295] Example 63 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-62, and optionally, wherein the second polynomial comprises the polynomial S2(x)=x ⁷ +x+l. [00296] Example 64 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-63, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to modulate and encode the PPDU according to a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) having an index of 1.

[00297] Example 65 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-64, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to modulate and encode the PPDU according to a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) comprising a π/2 Binary Phase Shift Keying (π/2-BPSK) modulation, a repetition factor of 2, and a code rate of ½.

[00298] Example 66 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-65, and optionally, wherein a header field of the PPDU comprises a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) index of 1.

[00299] Example 67 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-66, and optionally, wherein the data of the PPDU comprises a data word of a length of 168 bits, the encoded codeword comprises a length of 672 bits. [00300] Example 68 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-66, and optionally, wherein the data of the PPDU comprises a data word of a length of 336 bits, the encoded codeword comprises a length of 1344 bits.

[00301] Example 69 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-68, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to scramble the data of the PPDU by an exclusive-OR (XOR) of bits of a data word and the first scrambling sequence, and to scramble the first scrambled data word by a XOR of bits of the first scrambled data word and the second scrambling sequence.

[00302] Example 70 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-69, and optionally, wherein each of the first polynomial and the second polynomial has a sequence period of 127.

[00303] Example 71 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-70, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to generate the transmission according to a Single Carrier (SC) modulation scheme.

[00304] Example 72 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-71, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to transmit the transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz).

[00305] Example 73 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-72, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the STA to transmit the transmission over a channel bandwidth of 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz), 4.32GHz, 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.

[00306] Example 74 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 57-73, and optionally, wherein the PPDU comprises an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) PPDU.

[00307] Example 75 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by a wireless communication station (STA), the apparatus comprising means for scrambling data of a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) according to a first scrambling sequence to generate a first scrambled data word, the first scrambling sequence is based on a first polynomial; means for scrambling the first scrambled data word according to a second scrambling sequence to generate a second scrambled data word, the second scrambling sequence is based on a second polynomial, which is different from the first polynomial; means for generating an encoded codeword based on the first scrambled data word and the second scrambled data word; and means for transmitting a wireless transmission based on the encoded codeword.

[00308] Example 76 includes the subject matter of Example 75, and optionally, comprising means for determining a plurality of parity bits based on the first scrambled data word, and generating the encoded codeword based on the first scrambled data word, the second scrambled data word, and the plurality of parity bits. [00309] Example 77 includes the subject matter of Example 76, and optionally, comprising means for generating the encoded codeword by concatenating the first scrambled data word, the second scrambled data word, and the plurality of parity bits.

[00310] Example 78 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-77, and optionally, comprising means for generating the first scrambling sequence according to a first Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) configured according to the first polynomial, and generating the second scrambling sequence according to a second LFSR configured according to the second polynomial.

[00311] Example 79 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-78, and optionally, wherein the first polynomial comprises the polynomial S l(x)=x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l .

[00312] Example 80 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-79, and optionally, wherein the second polynomial comprises the polynomial S2(x)≠x ⁷ +x ⁴ +l.

[00313] Example 81 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-80, and optionally, wherein the second polynomial comprises the polynomial S2(x)=x ⁷ +x+l. [00314] Example 82 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-81, and optionally, comprising means for modulating and encoding the PPDU according to a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) having an index of 1.

[00315] Example 83 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-82, and optionally, comprising means for modulating and encoding the PPDU according to a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) comprising a π/2 Binary Phase Shift Keying (π/2-BPSK) modulation, a repetition factor of 2, and a code rate of ½.

[00316] Example 84 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-83, and optionally, wherein a header field of the PPDU comprises a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) index of 1. [00317] Example 85 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-84, and optionally, wherein the data of the PPDU comprises a data word of a length of 168 bits, the encoded codeword comprises a length of 672 bits.

[00318] Example 86 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-84, and optionally, wherein the data of the PPDU comprises a data word of a length of 336 bits, the encoded codeword comprises a length of 1344 bits. [00319] Example 87 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-86, and optionally, comprising means for scrambling the data of the PPDU by an exclusive- OR (XOR) of bits of a data word and the first scrambling sequence, and scrambling the first scrambled data word by a XOR of bits of the first scrambled data word and the second scrambling sequence.

[00320] Example 88 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-87, and optionally, wherein each of the first polynomial and the second polynomial has a sequence period of 127.

[00321] Example 89 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-88, and optionally, comprising means for generating the transmission according to a Single Carrier (SC) modulation scheme.

[00322] Example 90 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-89, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting the transmission over a frequency band above 45 Gigahertz (GHz). [00323] Example 91 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-90, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting the transmission over a channel bandwidth of 2.16 Gigahertz (GHz), 4.32GHz, 6.48GHz, or 8.64GHz.

[00324] Example 92 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 75-91, and optionally, wherein the PPDU comprises an Enhanced Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) (EDMG) PPDU.

[00325] Functions, operations, components and/or features described herein with reference to one or more embodiments, may be combined with, or may be utilized in combination with, one or more other functions, operations, components and/or features described herein with reference to one or more other embodiments, or vice versa.

[00326] While certain features have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the disclosure.