AND METHOD OF THERM AT, DECOMPOSITION

Technical Field

The invention relates to equipment for the thermal decomposition in particular of organic materials. It is also known as equipment for pyrolysis and further concerns the method of thermal decomposition.

Background Art

Thermal decomposition, also referred to as pyrolysis or thermal degradation/ depolymerisation, is a process that was already is use in the 19th century. Organic input materials are converted by heat into low molecular weight substances and a solid residue. This transformation must happen in the oxygen-free atmosphere or the atmosphere without any other oxidizing agents (i.e. in the atmosphere, where there is no combustion). The low molecular weight substances and solid residue are potential raw materials for further use, usually after subsequent treatment.

In the technological equipment for pyrolysis, where thermal decomposition is carried out, the input material is converted into a volatile fraction, also known as raw gas, called a pyrolate (containing mainly oil and gaseous components, also known as process oils and

process/pyrolysis gases, as well as solid particles) and it is also converted into a solid

carbonization residue (also called simply solid residue), which may contain some

other non-degradable components such as metals, glass, sand, ash, etc. The pyrolate and solid residue, which are pyrolysis process intermediates, are usually further processed in the equipment. The final pyrolysis products are liquid, gaseous and solid fractions, commonly called pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis carbon.

Recently the importance of the thermal decomposition/pyrolysis of organic material (hereinafter simply referred to as material) has increased significantly. Biomass or various kinds of waste can be pyrolytically decomposed to obtain further usable raw materials. This is done not only because of the growing need for energy sources but also for environmental protection through fossil fuel consumption being replaced. When the pyrolysis process is properly set up and carried out in the equipment, no combustion products or emissions are released as occurs in incineration plants, and the environment is not burdened with any smell, toxic substances or other gases, as happens sometimes with waste storage.

The course of pyrolysis, as a physico-chemical process, is divided into several consecutive phases, characterized by appropriate chemical reactions accompanied usually by the formation of substances typical for these phases. These phases are usually distinguished mainly by the temperature at which the relevant reactions take place. These are usually the following phases: 1) Thermal drying, water evaporation and the release of certain gases - at a temperature of approx. 100 to 200 °C; 2) Deoxidation, desulfuration, the cleavage of C02 and bound water, the start of depolymerization and cleavage of H2S and some other gases - at a temperature of around 250 °C; 3) Formation of methane and other aliphatic hydrocarbons - at a temperature of approx. 340 °C; 4) Carbonization phase - at a temperature of approx. 380 °C; 5) Cleavage of carbon bonds - at a temperature of around 400 °C; 6) Production of pyrolysis oil and tar - at a temperature of approx. 400 to 600 °C; 7) Cracking, the formation of aromatics - at a temperature of approx. 600 °C; 8) Dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons and thermal aromatization - at a temperature of approx. 600 to 1000 °C.

In the past many types of equipment for pyrolysis, also known as thermal decomposition, have been designed and tested around the world. However, they usually have a similar general scheme in which the pyrolytic process takes place. Such a simple and concise scheme can be found on the internet for example under the motto "scheme of the function of the pyrolysis furnace with vacuum retort". The basic parts and modules used in pyrolysis equipment can generally be simplified as:

a) The central or main part of the device, containing at least one retort body, or gasification chamber, or pyrolysis reactor, or pyrolysis furnace, etc., is the basis of pyrolysis equipment used for the thermal decomposition of the material itself.

b) The input part of the equipment, used for the preparation of input material and moving it to the retort in the central part. This input section usually contains sub-modules or sections, such as a material container, also called a material or raw material hopper, or a pre-retort chamber, or a batch entry. Next come the retort hopper, or inlet throat, and the material conveyor. The material container is used to collect the input material. The movement of the material is then transferred either directly to the retort hopper, fitted with hermetic seals, or for example with a screw conveyor, which can also work as a hermetic closure to prevent air from entering the retort.

c) The output part of the device consists of a retort discharge hopper or outlet throat, for the removal of solid residue from the retort, which may be fitted with hermetic seals and a pyrolate outlet, which is a pipe for the extraction of raw gas from the retort for further processing in the product part of the device.

d) The product part of the equipment, specified for subsequent processing, treatment, and storage of pyrolate and solid residue. It consists of submodules, or sections, such as for example the cyclone, following the pyrolate outlet and used to treat it, in which solid particles are captured from the pyrolate. The section following the cyclone is usually a separator, also called an oil capacitor or a condensing exchanger. In this section, the pyrolate is cooled and the liquid fraction, i.e. pyrolysis oil, is separated and then taken away into the container. It could also be treated before that. The separator is usually followed by another module, called a heat sink or a gas scrubber, where pyrolysis gas is treated, wand is then usually taken away into the container.

It could also be treated before that. The retort discharge hopper is usually followed by other equipment which it cools, treats and cleans the solid carbonization residue before it is taken to the container. Individual parts and their modules, or sections of equipment, are connected by a pipeline for the transport of intermediate products or products arising from the pyrolysis process.

Equipment for pyrolysis, or thermal decomposition, is generally divided into interspersal, i.e. discontinuous and continuous. The principle of the charging equipment uses for example removable (mobile) containers or containers in which the input material is inserted into a pyrolysis furnace, as described for example in document CZ2014641, or the pyrolysis reactor is filled with a single input material and after decomposition is cooled and cleaned, and the process may be repeated. These charging solutions are generally considered less advantageous due to the difficulty of operation, as well as for the energy demands and loss of material caused by individual cycles of insertion of material, decomposition, cooling, etc. In addition to this, other procedural disadvantages include roasting and uneven heating of unmixed material in the reactor, thereby extending the decomposition time and reducing the efficiency of the whole process.

In continuous solutions, the input of material and its decomposition usually takes place continuously from the start of the pyrolysis process until it is ended by the operator of the equipment, eliminating some disadvantages of the charging equipment. Such equipment is described for example in document EP1412673, where the equipment for pyrolysis of the waste material consists of a conveyor for material intake, a hopper with closures for airtightness of the space, a horizontally located pyrolysis chamber with a sweeping system for material movement, heated by heating elements, stored between ceramic plates and refractory bricks, followed by equipment for collecting solid residue and equipment for gas extraction and further processing. Another solution, described in documents CZ20120440A3 and CZ306173B6, has two reactors, or retorts, or chambers, modified for the heat treatment of the material without air access in the main part of the facility. In practical operation, some continuous facilities with one or more retorts have been implemented in the Czech Republic in the past, such as for example Pyromatik, with a horizontal reactor containing two primary and one secondary screw for the displacement of material in the reactor. However, these also have disadvantages, some of them specific to the type of equipment and some common to all types.

A common feature of all the thermal decomposition facilities implemented or proposed so far is the fact that all phases of the pyrolysis process take place in the central part of the device, consisting of one or more retorts. The disadvantage of these devices is the difficulty of controlling the thermal decomposition process in such a way that the desired ratio of the resulting raw materials is obtained at the output in relation to the type and composition of the input material. Usually the retort heating temperature must be set to a level in which the safe decomposition of potentially toxic substances happens. With this heating of the retort to a high temperature, the material is decomposed into simple carbon chains and the result is mainly pyrolysis gas, which may be a less desirable resulting raw material in the pyrolysis process. Another problem is undesirable secondary reactions between substances arising in the retort during the individual stages of the physico-chemical pyrolysis process which can mix.

The composition and quality of pyrolysis products are influenced by, among other things, the speed and uniformity of the heating and the retention time of the material in the retort and the final temperature of the pyrolysis process. The method of heating the retort body by flame for example a gas or oil burner, used in many devices, is practically less advantageous in view of unwanted sintering of decomposed material on the inner walls of the retort, causing difficulties in replacing or transferring heat between the wall of the retort and the material inside, where the roasted material acts as insulation against heat and it becomes difficult to heat the material inside the retort that is further from the walls. The transfer of heat in the material inside the retort during this heating is usually slow and uneven. Decomposition takes place unevenly and there are utilization problems and also difficulties with the quality of subsequent products, as well as in terms of the formation and leakage of emissions from the combustion of flammable media, gas or oil, into the surrounding environment.

The increased energy demands of pyrolysis equipment may also be caused for example by continuous supply of cold material from the hopper to the retort, and heating it to the temperature necessary for material decomposition. The efficiency of operation of the equipment for pyrolysis is influenced not only by the composition and quality of the resulting raw materials, but also for example the failure rate or service life of pyrolysis equipment, the energy requirements of its operation, material cost, emissions during operation, etc. The lifetime of the equipment is significantly affected and shortened by chemical reactions taking place in the retort as well as the extreme pH of the internal environment and high heating temperatures. This causes, for example erosion and abrasion of the retort body until its perforation, as well as damage to its internal mechanism such as the screw for feeding the material, although these parts are usually made of very durable and thus expensive material.

Disclosure of Invention

The above disadvantages and difficulties are largely addressed and eliminated by the proposed thermal decomposition or pyrolysis equipment, and the method of performing thermal decomposition in the pyrolysis device.

It proposes the construction of a device for the implementation of thermal decomposition according to the invention, the central part of which consists of at least one horizontally located tubular-shaped retort body, where inside the retort there is a screw device with adjustable speeds to move the material in the retort from the input side to the output side of the body.

The input part of the thermal decomposition device consists of several modules, which are a material container, or pre-retort chamber, a gas outlet, a material conveyor and a retort hopper. The container is constructed as a hermetically closable container with a container lid or cap, which is preferably realized at least in three of the components, ensuring continuous and uninterrupted supply and preparation of the material in the pyrolysis equipment. At the top of the container, or alternatively in the container lid, there is a gas outlet for the removal of gaseous substances from the container for further processing in the product part of the device. The construction of this module for example in the shape of a pipe is preferably shaped for example as an ascending spiral, or on the principle of the arms of a multi-arm staircase. At the bottom the container is connected to a conveyor, which is connected into the retort hopper, located on the inlet upper side of the retort body and it connects the material container to the retort body.

Preferably, the conveyor is constructed as a screw conveyor in which the material, moved from the container to the retort hopper, creates a stopper inside the screw conveyor, which acts as a hermetic cap against air intrusion into the retort hopper and thus into the body retorts.

Alternatively, the container can be connected directly to the retort hopper, which is then fitted with hermetic air intrusion caps into the retort when inserting the material.

The outlet part of the thermal decomposition device consists of two modules, namely the retort discharge hopper, located on the output underside of the retort body and the pyrolate outlet module emerging from the upper output side of the retort body. The construction of this module, for example in the form of a pipe, is preferably shaped for example as an ascending spiral, or on the principle of the arms of a multi-arm staircase. The retort discharge hopper, constructed to remove the solid residue from the retort body, is preferably connected hermetically to a screw conveyor, where the solid residue is transported from the retort discharge hopper to the next device for treatment or storage of the solid residue. The seal inside the screw conveyor is created by the transported solid residue. This stopper acts as a hermetic cap against air intrusion into the retort discharge hopper and thus into the retort body. At the same time, a cooling device can be installed on this conveyor with the advantage, of ensuring the cooling of the solid residue.

In the product part of the thermal decomposition equipment, the pyrolate outlet module, emerging from the top of the retort body to the cyclone module, is connected with more piping to the separator module, or condenser for pyrolysis oil from the pyrolate, from where this pyrolysis oil is drained by a pipe emerging from the bottom of the separator into the appropriate oil container. The gas coupling module emerges from the side of the separator and it works as a remover of the pyrolysis gas. This gas coupling is led to the gas cooler module in which pyrolysis gas is treated. The construction of this module, for example in the form of a pipe, is preferably shaped for example as an ascending spiral, or on the principle of the arms of a multi arm staircase. A pipe for the removal of pyrolysis gas into the relevant gas container emerges from the side of the cooler. From the underside of the cooler, it is connected to the pipes for draining the residues of the captured oil, leading to a pyrolysis oil container. Other pipes here are not specified, but they are intended for example to link some subparts, or device modules, to the further parts, such as a blower, flare, etc. The pyrolate outlet module and a gas outlet module drain from the side of the cyclone. Alternatively, depending on the type and composition of the material, the gas outlet can be inserted directly into the separator.

The essence of the invention is that in the thermal decomposition or pyrolysis equipment, modules in the input, output and product parts of the equipment are equipped with heating elements to perform certain phases of thermal decomposition also in those parts and modules of the equipment, as opposed to the current state of the art, where thermal decomposition is carried out in the retort or retorts in the central part of the equipment.

In the input part of the thermal decomposition equipment, according to the invention the heating elements are placed on the outside of the walls and the bottom of the container, on the cap of the container, on the walls of the conveyor and on the walls of the retort hopper. As a source of heat an exchange medium is preferably used as a source of heat for the container, using heat obtained when cooling other parts of the pyrolysis equipment, such as for example, separators, pyrolysis gas coolers, the cooler of the solid residue drained from the retort discharge hopper, or from downstream devices such as a cogeneration unit or turbine. Another source of heating of the storage container may be electricity, for example in the form of microwave or induction, or resistance heating. Alternatively, gas or oil or any other suitable source may be used as a heat source for the container. As a source of heat on the container cap, electricity is preferably used in the form of microwave heating, and it is necessary, in the case of content of the input material with a low absorption capacity for microwave energy, to adjust accordingly this absorption capacity by using appropriate activators for microwave absorption. Alternatively electricity can be used as a heat source for the container lid for example in the form of induction or resistance heating and/or another appropriate source. Inductive heating is ideally used as a source of heating of the conveyor. Induction heating is particularly appropriate for this conveyor because it heats both the metal conveyor body and the metal body of the inner screw, resulting in faster and more even heating of the transported material, while mixing it at the same time. Alternatively electricity may be used as a source of heating of the conveyor, for example in the form of resistance heating in combination with a heat exchange medium and/or another appropriate source. As a heat source for the retort hopper is preferentially a heat transfer medium and/or microwave heating and/or induction heating, or a combination of the specified sources of heating is used. Alternatively, electricity can also be used as a source of retort hopper heating, for example in the form of resistance heating and/or another appropriate source.

On the gas outlet module, the necessary number of heating elements is preferably placed on the individual arms of the ascending shape of the pipe. As a source of heating, induction heating in particular is preferably used, or other heating, or a combination of multiple heat sources.

In the output part and the product part of the thermal decomposition equipment, according to the invention, it is preferably equipped with both a pyrolate outlet module and a gas coupling module, the necessary number of heating elements, preferably located on the individual arms of the ascending pipe shape, with at least one heating element per module listed. As a source of heat induction heating is preferably used, or other heating, or a combination of multiple sources of heating.

In the central part of the thermal decomposition device, according to the invention, it is preferable to use electric induction heating as a heat source for the retort. Induction heats directly the entire circumference of the retort body evenly and at the same time a metal screw inside the retort, which is used to shift the material. This heating of the retort and inner screw induction body leads to faster and more even heating of the material in the retort, with its simultaneous mixing. The inductive heating element is very effective for retort heating, since the retort does not emit radiant heat to surrounding thermal insulation around the retort, as it does in resistance heating or direct flame heating, such as by an oil or gas burner. At the same time, induction heating does not produce and release combustion products or emissions into the environment, unlike a direct flame.

The essence of the invention further lies in that the course of the thermal decomposition process is controlled by setting the relevant heating temperature, depending on the type and composition of the material, in two or more sets of consecutive phases of the process with the appropriate requisite heating temperature, the course of each set of phases being realized in a different part of the thermal decomposition equipment. The essence of the invention also lies in that the initial sets of phases of the ongoing thermal decomposition process take place either in the input part of the thermal decomposition equipment and/or in the central part of the thermal decomposition equipment. The essence of the invention also lies in the fact that the final sets of phases of the ongoing thermal decomposition process take place in the central part and/or in the output part of the equipment and/or in the product part of the thermal decomposition equipment. The essence of the invention also lies in the fact that the intermediate products of the thermal decomposition process, produced in one (previous) module of the equipment, may be subjected to heating to the higher temperature of the set of phases of the thermal process in the next (subsequent) module of the device decomposition, following the set of phases of the process, realized in the previous module of the equipment, to decompose into the required simpler substances. In the thermal decomposition equipment, realized according to the invention, after inserting the input material into the container its hermetic closure is sealed by the cap of the container and after displacement of oxygen, the inserted material is heated to the temperature required to achieve the sets of phases of the pyrolysis process needed. Depending on the type of material, it is usually the first or second phases, or at most of the third stage of the process. According to the invention, the heating continues, or the temperature of the material in the conveyor of the material and the retort hopper is maintained. To ensure continuous operation of the equipment, it is advantageous to use at least three conveyor containers, wherein, for example, input material is inserted into the empty container. In the next container filled with input material, it is heated. From the third container with the heated material, the material is moved through the conveyor to the retort hopper and into the retort body.

Water vapour, odours, and vapours of other substances are released from the material, which is heated in the container. These vapours and odours are transported by the gas outlet module into the product part of the equipment for further processing and no substances, emissions or odours leak into the surrounding environment. Preferably, these gaseous substances may be subjected to heating to higher temperatures directly in the gas outlet module, thus achieving for example the safe handling of potentially toxic substances.

According to the invention, the material heating temperature in the retort is controlled in such a way as to achieve the required phases of pyrolysis progress with the appropriate chemical reactions typical for these phases. According to the type and composition of the material, this is usually the fourth to seventh phase, when a pyrolate is formed from the input material, which is then immediately taken from the retort for further processing. This procedure reduces the time of action of chemicals resulting from thermal decomposition in the retort and thus better protects the retort body and internal screw device from the influence of aggressive chemicals, extreme pH values or high temperatures. At the same time, the retention time of the material in the retort is reduced, the course of the pyrolysis process is accelerated and the energy demands for heating of the relatively large retort body and screw is reduced, along with the material inside the retort. Controlled heating of the material according to the invention can also be used to advantage in equipment with more than one retort body.

The resulting pyrolate is drained by the pyrolate outlet module and can be further heated in this module when it is transported to the next part of the pyrolysis equipment. Such heating of the pyrolate in the pyrolate outlet module will allow achieving the required, final heating

temperature at a lower cost than with heating in the retort itself, as realized in the current state of the art. This significantly reduces the load and wear on the retort, reduces the time required for the decomposition of the material in the retort, etc. In doing so, electrical induction heating is used with benefits as a heat source for heating this module, which provides the best heating options for high efficiency of operation.

After condensing the oil component of the pyrolate, or pyrolysis oil, in the separator, the process gas, or gaseous fraction of the pyrolate, is transferred by the gas coupling module into the gas cooler. In this gas coupling module further heating of the process gas may occur as needed, for example if it is necessary to decompose certain potentially toxic gaseous substances contained in the process gas. Subsequently, the process gas is processed in the heat sink and from there drained by a pipe called the pyrolysis gas outlet into a pyrolysis gas container. Condensed pyrolysis oil is drained from the separator and, where appropriate, from the cooler by a pipe called a pyrolysis oil outlet into a pyrolysis oil container.

From the retort discharge hopper, the fixed residue is taken away by a conveyor in which it is cooled, then the undegradable parts from the solid residue are separated in the appropriate device and the pyrolysis carbon is transported to the appropriate container.

The equipment for controlled multiple thermal decompositions, realized according to the invention, is operationally and economically more efficient, with a longer lifespan, as well as being less difficult, more environmentally friendly, etc. The proposed methods of heating according to the invention can be used to advantage in different types of thermal decomposition equipment and in their sub-parts. To achieve high efficiency of operation, it is assumed that appropriate insulation has been realized in the pyrolysis plant to prevent heat escape into the environment. The equipment can be constructed and operated in a stationary or mobile version, for example installed in transport containers.

Primarily, in such equipment constructed according to the invention, it is advantageous to manage and regulate the acquisition of the required ratio of the resulting raw materials of the pyrolysis process while complying with the amount, or the required decomposition temperature according to the type and composition of the input material, for example concerning the content of potentially toxic substances, while secondly increasing the efficiency of the pyrolysis process, extending the life of the retort, reducing the cost of operation, etc.

An important advantage in terms of the efficiency of the operation of the equipment thus constructed and operated for pyrolysis is that the production of pyrolysis gases, oils and other combustible components in most types of input materials is not only sufficient for the production of the energy required for the operation of the thermal decomposition equipment itself and the ongoing process, but allows the supply of excess raw materials or energy to other entities.

The whole process of thermal decomposition takes place according to the invention in the enclosed environment of the pyrolysis equipment, so any substances, emissions or odours do not leak into the surrounding environment. Although any subsequent installation using pyrolysis products produces combustion emissions in the production of electricity and thermal energy, it would produce these emissions even if the installation used other fuels for its energy production. The link between these devices, where pyrolysis takes place as a pre-trial process for an energy source that uses pyrolysis products, is more advantageous, as pyrolysis equipment will not only use electricity produced by the subsequent equipment, but also thermal energy that is necessarily generated in this electricity generation. Brief Description of Drawings

The attached images show a schematic display of one of the possible designs of the pyrolysis equipment according to the principle of the invention and contain different highlighted areas of the placement of heating elements on individual device modules for thermal decomposition.

Fig. 1 represents the schema of the input part 2 of the device, the central part l of the device and the output part 3 of the device, with a representation of the modules contained and the different locations of the heating elements on those modules.

Fig. 2 represents the scheme of product part 4 of the equipment, with a representation of the modules contained and with a different representation of the location of the heating elements on those modules.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

The exemplary design of the equipment for thermal decomposition or pyrolysis of organic materials according to the invention consists of the central part l of the horizontally located retort ϋ body module of pipe shape closed on both ends, with a screw device installed inside the retort H, with adjustable speed, and allowing the material to move in the retort JJ_ from the input side to the output side of the retort JJ_.

The equipment also consists of an input part 2 of three modules of containers 24 for material, hermetically closable by the cap 22 of the container. From each container 2J_, at the top is a gas outlet 25 module in the form of a pipe, shaped on the principle of the arms of a multi -arm staircase. At the bottom, each container 2J_ is connected to a screw conveyor 23, inserted into the retort hopper 24, located on the inlet upper side of the retort JJ_ body, connecting the space of container 2J_ of material with the space in the retort ϋ body.

The equipment also consists of an output part 3, consisting of a retort discharge hopper 32, located on the output underside of the retort JJ_ body, connected hermetically to an unillustrated screw conveyor, intended for transporting and simultaneous cooling of the solid residue from the retort discharge hopper 32, to another device for possible treatment and/or storage of the solid residue. Also, the equipment in output part 3 consists of a pyrolate outlet 31 module in the form of a pipe, resulting in the upper output side of the retort JJ_ body, shaped on the principle of the arms of the multi-arm staircase.

The device also consists of product part 4, consisting of a cyclone 41 connected by a pipe to the top of the separator 42. The arrow in Fig. 2 shows is in the direction of cyclone 44 discharging to pyrolate outlet 31 module from retort H and the gas outlet 25 module from the container 2T Alternatively, the gas outlet 25 module is directly discharged into the separator 42. From the side of separator 42, the gas coupling 43 module emerges in the form of a pipe, shaped on the principle of the arms of a multi-arm staircase, leading to a gas heat sink 44. From the side of the gas heat sink 44, an output 46_of pyrolysis gas emerges through an unillustrated vacuum blower into an unillustrated pyrolysis gas container. At the bottom, the separator 42 and the gas heat sink 44 are equipped with the output 45 of pyrolysis oil, which leads to an unillustrated pyrolysis oil container. Alternatively, where appropriate, the device may have unillustrated elements for the collection of undesirable substances contained in intermediate substances or products of the thermal decomposition process.

In the exemplary assembly of the thermal decomposition equipment, heating elements are distributed on each module in each part of the equipment. In input part 2 of the equipment, the bottom and walls of the container 2J_ are equipped with heating elements, where a heat exchange medium is used as a heat source in combination with electricity in the form of resistance heating. Also, the heating elements are equipped with the cap 22_of the container, where electricity in the form of microwave heating is used as a heat source. Furthermore, the heating elements are equipped with a conveyor 23, where the electricity in the form of induction heating is used as a heat source. Also, the heating elements are fitted with a retort hopper 24, where a heat exchange medium in combination with electricity, in the form of induction heating or resistance heating, is used. Also, a gas outlet 25 module is fitted in the input part of the heating elements, where electricity is used as a heat source for the individual pipe arms in the form of induction heating.

In the central part l of the equipment, electric induction heating is used as a heat source for the retort IT In the output part 3 of the equipment, the heating elements are equipped with a pyrolate outlet 31 module, where electricity in the form of induction heating is used as a heat source for the individual pipe arms. In the product part 4 of the equipment, the heating elements are equipped with a gas coupling 43 module, where electricity in the form of induction heating is used as a heat source for the individual pipe arms.

The equipment is also equipped in individual parts and modules, which are not shown, with appropriate control elements in particular for measuring temperature and pressure. It is also equipped with unillustrated outputs for sampling intermediates and products of the thermal decomposition process, it is also equipped with unillustrated appropriate resources for control and automatic operation.

Furthermore, the equipment in an exemplary embodiment includes unillustrated appropriately realized insulation in such a way as to avoid heat leakage to the surroundings. Furthermore, the device contains unillustrated cooling elements in the relevant parts of the equipment. It also includes an unillustrated inert media container.

In addition to the exemplary design of the thermal decomposition equipment, unillustrated downstream equipment is used for energy production. It contains microturbines, or alternatively cogeneration units, which use products of the pyrolysis process for energy production. The electrical and thermal energy produced is supplied by this downstream equipment for the operation of thermal decomposition equipment.

The actual method of performing thermal decomposition in the exemplary design of the pyrolysis equipment is preceded by appropriate preparation, which includes, in particular, the determination of the type and composition of the input material, the determination of the preparation process and the treatment of material, such as for example crushing and possibly sorting of the undegradable parts or fractions, as well as specifying, in particular, thermal parameters for the implementation of thermal decomposition in each part and module of the equipment regarding any content of potentially toxic substances and the required ratio of the resulting products.

The prepared input material, intended for thermal decomposition, is inserted into the

container 2J_ for example by either an unillustrated belt or screw conveyor, etc. After inserting the necessary amount of material in the container 2J_, this container 2 is hermetically sealed with the cap 22 of the container and oxygen is displaced by an inert medium. After that, the material in the container 2J_ is heated to a specified temperature.

The resulting gaseous substances released when the material is heated in the container 21 are drained by the gas outlet 25 module from container 2 into the product part 4 of the equipment for further processing. According to the specified parameters for the implementation of thermal decomposition, where appropriate, these gaseous substances are subjected to further heating to higher temperatures directly in the gas outlet 25 module, thus achieving the safe distribution of potentially toxic components, such as chlorine compounds, or styrene, etc. To ensure continuous operation of the equipment, three containers 21 with a conveyor 23 are used, where input material is inserted into one container 2T The next container 21 is filled with input material, which is heated. From the third container 21, the heated material is moved by conveyor 23 to the retort hopper 24, where further heating occurs in both the conveyor 23 and retort hopper 24 to maintain or increase the material temperature according to the set parameters.

From retort hopper 24, the material is moved to the retort JT body, in which it is moved and at the same time mixed by an inner screw device. In retort H, the material is heated to a set temperature at which the material is converted into pyrolate and a solid residue.

From retort H the pyrolate produced is moved by a pyrolate outlet H module into the cyclone 4_[ According to the set parameters, the pyrolate is subjected to further heating to higher temperatures directly in the pyrolate outlet 3J_ module.

When passing through the cyclone 41, the solid particles are captured and separated from the pyrolate, or the substances transported here by the gas outlet 25 module. The cyclone H is followed by a separator 42, in which pyrolate is cooled and the condensation of liquid fractions also takes place. These liquid fractions are either subjected to further treatment or collected in the appropriate unillustrated pyrolysis oil container.

From the separator 42, the process gas or gaseous fraction of pyrolate is removed by the gas coupling 43 module to the gas heat sink 44. According to the set parameters, this gaseous fraction of the pyrolate is subjected to further heating to higher temperatures directly in the gas coupling 43 module, in particular if potentially toxic components such as chlorine compounds should be distributed safely. In the gas heat sink 44 treated pyrolysis gas is collected in an unillustrated pyrolysis gas container and further used in the downstream equipment for the production of the energy needed to ensure the operation of pyrolysis equipment. The

downstream equipment, in addition to electricity, also provides the thermal energy used to heat modules in the input part 2 of the pyrolysis equipment. From the retort discharge hopper 32, the fixed residue is taken away by an unillustrated conveyor where it is cooled, then the

undegradable parts from the solid residue are separated in the appropriate installation and the pyrolysis carbon is transported to the appropriate unillustrated pyrolysis carbon container. Industrial Applicability

The products of the pyrolysis process on output are further usable raw materials, usually after subsequent treatment. All products can be used for example as fuel for the production of kinetic, electrical and thermal energy. Pyrolysis carbon can also be used for example as a raw material for the synthesis of activated carbon, or carbon nanofibres, in the rubber industry or other processes. Pyrolysis oil and gas can also be used for example as raw materials for other chemical production.

In addition to using raw materials arising from the pyrolysis process, the applicability of thermal decomposition is of great importance in evaluating other waste, still disposed of by landfill or incineration. This brings a secondary effect to operators of pyrolysis equipment in the form of savings, or income charges previously spent on landfill waste.

Increasing the efficiency of pyrolysis equipment operation and the ability to more effectively manage the thermal decomposition process according to the invention will allow for a more pronounced extension of the use of the thermal decomposition process compared to the current state.

Industrial companies can effectively transform their previously unused waste into usable raw materials for their own use or for sale.

Cities and municipalities, respectively their services, supplying heat to housing units or other facilities in municipalities, can process for example wastes, the collection of which is usually provided by each municipality, and can use the pyrolysis process to convert such waste into raw materials, applicable for example in the field of raw materials for the production of heat and electricity.

Public institutions, such as hospitals, which produce a significant amount of waste can then convert it into raw materials and use these again in the production of electricity and heat for example for the hospital's use.

Farms can process for example waste biomass preferably by using the pyrolysis process and obtaining stored raw materials as potential sources of energy for their own use or for resale.

External operators of thermal decomposition equipment may, as suppliers, provide services to other entities such as for example waste disposal, or in the form of supplies of raw materials, or as energy. List of reference signs

I - central part

I I - retort

2 - input part

21 - container

22 - cap of the container

23 - conveyor

24 - retort hopper

25 - gas outlet

3 - output part

31 - pyrolate outlet

32 - retort discharge hopper

4 - product part

41 - cyclone

42 - separator

43 - gas coupling

44 - gas heat sink

45 - output of pyrolysis oil 46 - output of pyrolysis gas