The subject of the invention touches on architectonic models, especially from cardboard or wrap having the characteristics resembling cardboard, intended for the most part for modelers and additionally acting as educational functions as a toy for children.

The well-known architectonic models from cardboard have usually the form of printed with realistic reproduction of an object appearance development of a flat model of an object or its elements with marked lines of cutting or lines of bending including the joining elements. The majority of well-known architectonic models aimed at putting together requires spreading the joining elements with glue and connecting them. There are also widely known models workmanship of which does not demand the use of glue, and their assembly lies in placing fastenings having the appropriate structure constituting the integral part of the model in suitably located slits.

From the description of the Polish functional pattern N° 60012 it we know the small wall of a spatial toy to be assembled, chiefly a toy in the form of a small house. The small wall is distinguished by the fact that it has got on its surface a small window in which there are placed polyhedrons, what is more the window frame and the polyhedrons are supplied with elements, ensuring rotational connection of the polyhedrons with the small window frame. The description of another Polish functional pattern N° 61022 reveals the front small wall of a spatial toy to be assembled in the form of a small house which is characterized by the elements limiting the clearance of the openings made on its surface. From the Polish registration of the invention P.331030 there are known models of houses, consisting of paved floor-ceilings, connected on the sides with paved full walls, walls with windows, front and balcony doors, balconies and mouldings which have double, situated one above the other between pavings, deep- seated horizontal, slits in all the sides of separate floor-ceiling. Moreover, they are made up of situated between pavings in all the sides of a floor-ceiling, horizontal, like a depression, single slits, and additionally they have floor-ceilings in all sides with single horizontal slits, deep-seated, opposite pairs, where one pair of slits is situated higher than the opposite slits, and what is important in all the slits of floor-ceilings there are snap-on horizontal projections, upper and bottom of all the walls besides the floor- ceilings are connected with each other in the slits as well snap-on with the use of paved connecting areas. The description of subsequent registration of the Polish functional pattern N° 103751 reveals a toy in the form of a building model, which is constituted by segments of walls along with a segment making the roof, what is important the side edges of the segments of walls contain fastenings in the form of tongue with two folds, besides on the edges of opposite segments there are placed openings, whereas the upper edges of wall segments include fastenings in the form of flat bars and the corresponding openings are situated on the segment constituting the roof

The well-known architectonic models have got a range of drawbacks, from which the most essential is the small stiffness of those models, which is connected with the fact that the elements of the models are made of one layer of cardboard as well as the necessity of applying the glue connections for their assembly.

The aim of the invention is working out such a structure of architectonic models, whose elements would have high stiffness, and their assembly would not require the use of glue.

Architectonic models made out of cardboard according to the invention, have the form of printed with realistic reproduction of object appearance of development of flat model of an object and / or its elements, on which there are marked lines of cutting or bending.

In the models two sorts of basic joining elements appear:

a) basic connecting areas in the shape of three triangles connected with bending lines having the apex angle of an isosceles central triangle a = 30 - 70° and the angle β = 30 - 70° between the side of the outside triangles and the edge of the model element, laid out on the edges of the flat development of each element of the model, or its part, which, after bending along the bending lines of the element of model are situated in the appropriately laid out on the bending lines and / or outside those lines, slits having the length corresponding the length of the base and the central triangle of basic connecting areas and the width in the range of 0 - 3 g, where g is the thickness of cardboard, so that each fundamental element of model has got the form of solid which cannot be dismantled; favorably the longer sides of the outside triangles making up the basic connecting areas are arched outside,

b) establishing pegs whose flat development has got the form of square all sides of which are provided with rectangular projections having the shorter side b, whose length fits 0 - 3 a, with marked bending lines being at the same time the symmetry lines of a polygon constituting the flat development of a peg and additionally two opposite longer sides of the projections are each supplied with two basic connecting areas; after bending along the bending lines the establishing peg has got the shape of four diagonally situated towards each other small walls having the shape of right-angled trapezium or triangle connected and touching each other along the longer base of the trapezium or cathetus, what is important each small wall is closed from the bottom with a basic connecting area. In the model the establishing pegs are fastened with basic connecting areas in appropriately situated slits of the base and the horizontal top surfaces openings of horizontal small walls of elements of models, and on them there are fastened solids constituting the vertical elements of models, which on their base have got rectangular openings for establishing pegs.

Favorably, the openings have got dented inside the vertical element surfaces formed by fragments of diagonally cut rectangular opening of the cardboard. In addition favorably, in the case of the opening made of two placed on each other layers of cardboard, inside the vertical element there are dented two surfaces created from the in length areas in the middle of width of the opening and crosswise on its shorter sides of one layer of cardboard and two surfaces formed from the crosswise cut areas in the middle of width of an opening and in length on its longer sides of the second layer of cardboard. In the variant of workmanship, in which a part of a wall is made up by three layers of cardboard, into the opening for an establishing peg made in one layer of cardboard there are dented from both sides small wings in length, whose width corresponds with the width of opening, coming from the first and the second layer of cardboard and two small crosswise wings whose length constitutes half of the length of opening, making the element of the third layer of cardboard forming the wall.

All elements of the model, which entirely or in fragments have got the form of flat cuboids having the surface area exceeding 50 cm ² are supplied with situated inside those elements trusses made by connected with each other in length and crosswise elements, what is important the in length elements have got the form of - in the flat development - strip of cardboard with three bending lines, and after assembling - beam having the cross section in the shape of triangle, whereas the crosswise elements have got the form of - in the flat development - strip of cardboard with four bending lines and laid out triangular openings, and after assembling - beam having the cross section in the shape of square. Favorably, the endings of three sides of the in length elements and four sides of crosswise elements of trusses are cut and dented inside those elements. In the assembled truss the in length elements are slipped into the openings of crosswise elements. The model is situated, favorably, on the base, whose surface area is equal or bigger than the surface area of vertical projection of the model of the object. Regardless of that and favorably, the elements of the model making up walls are provided with the well-known from earlier solutions vertical and horizontal connecting areas, what is important they consist of double layer of cardboard and are placed in appropriate slits on the bending lines of bordering elements forming the wall, especially in the corners of the model of building. In the models of multi-storey objects in the constituting solid ceiling there is situated a truss, whose in length and crosswise elements stick out in length no more than the thickness of the wall outside the outline of the solid of ceiling and are placed in appropriate openings in the inside surface areas of walls of the higher storey. Additionally, a separate element of staircase connecting two storeys constitutes also a solid, in which basic connecting areas are placed in the slits on the suitable bending lines of the casing of staircase, in which, also with basic connecting areas there are stuck in stairs, and moreover, every second stair of the stairs is separately stuck with basic connecting areas into the bordering stairs. Window openings of the model are provided with an element making up a window sill, which - in the flat development has got the shape of a rectangle equipped centrally on one shorter side with a basic connecting area and six bending lines, of which the inside lines are situated in pairs placed close to one another, and the bending line located the closest to the side of rectangle opposite the side of the side with a connecting area is provided with a slit, in which, after assembling, there is situated a basic connecting area. The element making up the window sill in the model is placed in the opening of a small wall making up the bottom limitation of the window opening. Favorably, some of the elements for which above normal stiffness is required, such as, for example lintels, have got at least one small wall formed from two layers of cardboard.

Models made in accordance with the invention are characterized with high stiffness of individual elements, allow many times easy assembly and dismantling of the model into elements without their damaging, what is especially essential in the case of models intended as toys for older children.

The invention is put forward in examples of workmanship in the drawing, in which: fig. 1 shows the assembly drawing of the model of one-storey object , fig. 2 - a demonstration element of the wall in the axonometric projection, fig. 3 - the flat development of this element, fig. 4 - marked on fig. 3 detail A - a basic connecting area on a larger scale, fig. 5 - the flat development of the solid of the roof, fig. 6 - an establishing peg in the axonometric projection, fig. 7 - the fiat development of the establishing peg, fig. 8 - the assembled truss in the axonometric projection, fig. 9 - the flat development of the in length element of the truss, fig. 10 - the flat development of the crosswise element of the truss, fig. 11 - the base with a truss in the axonometric projection with partial selecting, fig. 12 - the flat development of a window sill, fig. 13 - the assembly drawing of the model of a two-storey object, fig. 14 - the ceiling in axonometric projection with selecting, fig. 15 - the staircase in the axonometric projection, fig. 16 - the flat developments of elements making up the staircase, whereas fig. 17 - the flat development of the element of wall of the higher storey.

Example 1. The model of one-storey small house consists of basej _. , on which there are fastened establishing pegs 2, and on them, elements making up the outside walls 3, 3', 3". '" as well as a partition wall 4. On the horizontal top surface areas of walls 3, 3^ there are fastened establishing pegs and on them there is fastened roof 5. Base 1, all the walls 3, 3', 3H, 3"'. 4_as well as roof 5_are closed off solids, in which laid out on the edges of the flat development of each of these elements basic connecting areas 6, are situated in slits 7 laid out appropriately on the bent bending lines of these elements. Each basic connecting area 6_has got the shape of three triangles 8, iP, f connected with bending lines having the apex angle of an isosceles central triangle 8_ a = 46° and angle β = 46° between the side of the outside triangles 8^, 8^ and the edge of the model element, what is important the outside sides of the triangles iP, 8^ are arched outside. The length of slits 7 for connecting areas 6_corresponds with the length of base a of the central triangle of the connecting areas 6, and its width equals 2 g, where g is the thickness of cardboard, of which the model is made. The establishing pegs 2 have got, in the flat development, the form of square, whose all sides are provided with rectangular projections 9, having the shorter side b, whose length equals 1 a, with marked bending lines being at the same time the symmetry lines of the polygon constituting the flat development of a peg. The two opposite longer sides of the projections 9_are each provided with two basic connecting areas 6. After assembling along the bending lines pegs 2 have got the shape of four diagonally situated towards each other small walls 10 having the shape of a right-angled trapezium connecting each other along the longer base of the trapezium, what is important each small wall 10 is closed from the bottom with a basic connecting area 6. In the model the establishing pegs 2 are fastened with basic connecting areas 6 in appropriately situated slits 7 of base 1 of the model. Openings 11 placed in the bottom horizontal surface areas of walls 3, 3 , 3". 3*". 4 have got turned up inside surfaces 12, I _ made up by fragments of diagonally cut rectangular opening 1L of the cardboard. Inside base_l there is situated truss 13 made up by the connected with each other in length 14 and crosswise 15 elements, what is more the in length elements 14 have got the form of - in the flat development - a strip of cardboard with three bending lines, and after assembling - a beam having the cross section in the shape of a triangle, whereas the crosswise elements

15 have got the form of - in the flat development - a strip of cardboard with four bending lines and laid out triangular openings 16, and after assembling - a beam having the cross section in the shape of rectangle. The endings of three sides of the in length elements 14 and four sides of crosswise elements 15 are cut and dented inside these elements. In the assembled truss 13 the in length elements 14 are slipped into openings

16 of the crosswise elements 15. The walls 3 and 3^ are equipped additionally with situated on the edges vertical connecting areas 17 placed in slits 18 of walls 3^ and 3*". whereas wall 4_has got horizontal connecting area 19_situated in slit 20 of wall 3 \ In the openings on top horizontal surface areas of walls 3, 3^ there are situated basic connecting areas 6 of establishing pegs V_, which, in the flat development, have got the form of a square with basic connecting areas 6_situated in the corners of opposite sides of the square. Pegs V_ are placed in openings 11 in the bottom surface area of roof 5 The window opening in wall 3 is equipped with an element making up window sill 21, which - in the flat development has got the shape of a rectangle equipped centrally on one shorter side with basic connecting area 6 and six bending lines, from which the inside lines are situated in placed closely each other pairs, and the bending line situated the closest the side of the rectangle on the opposite side of the side with connecting area 6, is equipped with a slit 7, in which, after assembling, there is situated basic connecting area 6. The door opening in wall 3_is closed with door 22 made of double folded cardboard with three connecting areas 6 stuck in slits 7 on the side surface area of the door opening. On roof 5, in slits 7 there is fastened with connecting areas 6 a chimney 23. Example 2. The model of two-storey house has got the base_l with establishing pegs 2, V_ wall 3_with window opening provided with a window sill 21 and the door opening with door 22, walls 3^, 3_H, 3^ as well as roof 5_- by analogy to the appropriate elements in example 1. The model is provided additionally with element making up ceiling 24 equipped with a truss 13, whose in length 14 and crosswise 15 elements stick out outside the outline of ceiling 24 for the length corresponding with the thickness of walls of the storey 25, 25*. 25". 25"' reduced by the thickness g of the cardboard, and moreover in length elements 14 of truss 13 are situated in triangular openings 26 of walls 25J _, and 25"' of the storey, and crosswise elements 15 are placed in square openings 27_of walls 25 and 25". The bottom horizontal surface areas of walls 25, 25'. 25". 25'" are equipped with openings 1Γ for establishing pegs V_ assembled on top horizontal surface areas of walls of the ground floor 3, V_, 3^1, 3'". In walls 25 and 25"' a part of these walls are made up of three layers of cardboard and then into opening \V_ for establishing peg 2 made in one layer of cardboard there are dented from both sides small in length wings 28, whose width corresponds with the width of the opening, coming from the first and the second layer of cardboard and two crosswise small wings 28^, whose length constitutes half of the length of opening IT, making the element of the third layer of cardboard forming walls. Window openings in wall 25 are equipped with window sills 21. On establishing pegs V_ situated on the top horizontal surface areas of walls 25, 25" there is fastened roof_5 Between base 1_ and ceiling 24 there is fastened on establishing peg V_ of basej. element with staircase 29. Element 29 constitutes a solid in which basic connecting areas 6 are situated in slits 7_on the appropriate bending lines of casing of staircase 29, in which, also with basic connecting areas 6 there is stuck staircase 31_and moreover every second stair 32 of the staircase 31 is individually stuck with basic connecting areas 6_in bordering stairs 33. In the case of opening 11" made of two placed on each other layers of cardboard, as it takes place in the element with staircase 29, inside the vertical element there are dented two surface areas 34 made up of surfaces cut in length in the middle of the width of the opening and crosswise on its shorter sides of one layer of cardboard and two surface areas 34^ made up of surfaces cut crosswise in the middle of the width of opening 11" and in length on its longer sides of the second layer of cardboard.