MONTEIX, Serge (High Tech Campus 44, AE Eindhoven, NL-5656, NL)
| CLAIMS 1. A heating installation for heating an object by infrared (IR) radiation, comprising: - a primary reflective device (12) adapted to be arranged with heating elements (14), for reflecting at least a part of IR spectrum emitted from the heating elements towards the object; - a secondary reflective device (13) facing the primary reflective device (12) in such a manner that IR paths, passing through the object, are defined between the primary reflective device (12) and the secondary reflective device (14); wherein the secondary reflective device (13) comprises: - a main reflective portion (31) extending generally along a plane facing the primary reflective device (12); - a reflective element (32) physically secured to the main reflective portion (31), the reflective element (32) comprising a first and a second shield portions (33, 34), non transparent to at least a part of IR spectrum, spaced apart one from the other and extending from said plane towards the object, and a cavity (35) limited on one hand by said first and second shield portions and on the other hand by a bottom portion joining said first and second shield portions and facing the primary reflective device (12), the inner surface of the cavity is arranged to reflect at least a part of IR spectrum; and wherein the first shield portion (33) has a free end arranged to be the most proximal part of the secondary reflective device (13) relative to said object. 2. The heating installation according to claim 1, wherein the first shield portion (33) defines with the plane an angle in the range between 45° and 90°. 3. The heating installation according to claim 1, wherein the second shield portion (33) has a free end arranged to be another proximal part of the secondary reflective device (13) relative to said object. 4. The heating installation according to claim 1, wherein the sides of the first and second shield portions located opposite to the cavity (35) reflects or absorbs at least a part of IR spectrum. 5. The heating installation according to claim 1, wherein the bottom portion of the cavity is proximal to the object with respect to the first main reflective portion. 6. The heating installation according to claim 1, wherein said reflective element is arranged to be positioned proximate to a determined portion of the object (15c), so that the first and second shield portions protect this determined portion of the object from a part of the IR radiation present in the heating installation and that the part of IR radiation that is reflected by the reflective element (32) is focused on this determined portion of the object. 7. The heating installation according to claim 1, wherein the primary reflective device (12) comprises back-reflectors (20) associated with heating elements , at least one back-reflector is located at an upper level with respect to the reflective element (32) and at least one back reflector is located at a lower level with respect to the reflective element (32). 8. The heating installation according to claim 1, wherein the secondary reflective device (13) is arranged so that the position of the reflective element (32) with respect to the main reflective portion (31) can be changed. 9. A counter reflective device (13) arranged to face heating elements emitting infrared (IR) radiation through an object located between the heating elements and the counter-reflector, comprising: - a main reflective portion (31) extending generally according to a plane facing the object to heat; - a reflective element (32) physically secured to the main reflective portion (31), the reflective element (32) comprising a first and a second shield portions (33, 34), non transparent to at least a part of IR spectrum, spaced apart one from the other and extending from said plane towards the object, and a cavity (35) limited by said first and second shield portions and by a bottom portion joining said first and second shield portions, the inner surface of the cavity reflecting at least a part of IR spectrum; and wherein the first shield portion (33) has a free end arranged to be the most proximal part of the secondary reflective device (13) relative to said object. 10. The counter reflective device according to claim 9, wherein the cavity of said reflective element is U-shaped in cross-section. 11. The counter reflective device according to claim 9, wherein the main reflector (31) and the reflective element (32) each comprise a material with a melting temperature higher than 600°C. 12. The counter reflective device according to claim 9, arranged so that the position of the reflective element (32) with respect to the main reflective portion (31) can be adjusted. 13. A method of heating an object that is moved according to a general direction along a defined path, comprising: - heating said object by a plurality of heating elements (14) facing said object and arranged in a first lateral wall (12) one above the other according to a general stacking direction; - reflecting radiation of said heating elements by a first reflector (31) and a second reflector (32) that define a second lateral wall (13) on the opposite side of the defined path relative to said first lateral wall (12); - partially partitioning an area defined between said first lateral wall and said second lateral wall, by two spaced protruding transverse shield portions (33, 34) of said second reflector (32), to delimit a first operating area (51) extending between the second reflector and a first section of the first lateral wall provided with at least one of said heating elements; and - limiting the radiation entering and respectively exiting said first operating area (51), by a IR cutoff shield arranged at a proximal location relative to said object and defined by at least one of said transverse shield portions (33, 34). 14. The method according to claim 13, comprising more heating in said first operating area (51) than in a second operating area (52) extending between the first reflector (31) and a second section of the first lateral wall (12) provided with at least one of said heating elements (14), by disposing a reflective surface of the second reflector (32), arranged between said transverse shield portions (33, 34), at a proximal location with respect to said object. 15. The method according to claim 13 wherein said object is a thermoplastic preform (15) intended for the manufacture of a container after a forming of the heated object, said method further comprising: - moving said preform (15) along the defined path through use of a mandrel, the mandrel cooperating with an end neck (15a) of the preform, said end neck facing a non heated area (53); - rotating said mandrel; and - at the opposite of the first wall, reflecting by said transverse shield portions (33, 34) of the second reflector any beam of radiation directed toward said non heated area. 16. The method according to claim 13 wherein at least one additional said reflective elements are provided with specific distances between each other in order to make hotter parts or lines along the object height. |
HEATING
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to the heating of objects. It relates more particularly to a heating installation comprising a plurality of heating elements adapted to produce heating of objects that typically move along a path, for instance heating of thermoplastic objects such as plastic preforms. The invention also relates to a counter reflector device for use in heating a moving object, and a method of heating an object with the aid of such a counter reflector device.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Conventional ovens and similar systems for heating an inedible object, for instance a thermoplastic preform intended for the manufacture of a container, are provided with a plurality of radiating lamps. Ovens for blowing plastic preforms to make plastic bottles often are provided with IR lamps, a back-reflector at the rear of the lamps, and a counter reflector arranged opposite the radiation sources.
In a known manner, the preform is heated on the move, its neck facing downward or upward. Each preform is rotated about itself, around a vertical axis, so that the lamps radiate to the whole periphery of the preform body. The height of the heating lamp assembly is chosen in relation to the length of the body of the preform. During heating, the preforms are moving along a path defined between two respective lateral walls of the oven, one of which is provided with the lamps and the back- reflector, the other one being provided with the counter reflector.
WO 2006/002751 Al discloses such a counter reflector, which is profiled on the surface thereof facing the preform. The IR beams are directed back onto the preform with such a configuration. As a result, losses in the oven are reduced and an appreciable concomitant reduction in the consumption of electrical energy is obtained.
However, the thermoplastic container manufacturers still seek to reduce as far as possible the inherent charges associated with the operation of the machines for manufacturing these containers, and especially the consumption of electrical energy by these machines.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is therefore to meet this expectation of users and to provide means suitable for optimizing the efficiency in the heating installation.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a heating installation according to claim 1.
By virtue of this arrangement of shield portions, some parts of the objects to be heated can be protected from the unwanted IR irradiation (e.g. those providing from the main reflective portion). Indeed, as the first shield portion that delimits the cavity is closer to the object to be heated, some parts of the object and/or driving means for moving the object may advantageously be protected from radiation of the lamps, in particular radiation of the lamps that are the most distant from the level of the proximal reflective surface. Losses due to lost radiation are also minimized.
Independently or in combination with what precedes, being understood that each of the details that follow can be implemented in isolation, the heating installation may be provided with a first shield portion defining with the said plane an angle in the range between 45 and 90°. Here, the second shield portion may be integral with the secondary reflective device or correspond to an optional element that can be removed from the secondary reflective device.
With such an arrangement of the first shield portion, a IR cut-off shield is obtained with a high capacity to reflect radiation from the most distant lamps. The free end of such a cut-off shield may also be very close to the object (for instance about 1 cm) to increase the cut-off effect.
Moreover, the part of IR radiation that is reflected by the reflective element is focused on the detemiined portion of the object.
Therefore, due to the protection of and this focus of IR radiation onto this detemiined portion of the object by the reflective element, the heat profile on this detemiined option of the object is different from the thermal profile of the other parts of the object. Additionally, this thermal profile can be tailored by providing an adapted optical design of the reflective element. This heating of this determined portion is accordingly very well controlled while not disturbing the heating of the other parts of the object. This technique is especially useful if one wishes to heat a part of the object differently from the other parts of the object, e.g. a neck of the preform of a PET bottle if said object is such a preform.
Accordingly, the heat flux from the lamps is concentrated over a specific part of the preform height, corresponding to the level of the proximal reflecting surface.
Moreover, the shield portions, by preventing heating outside the concentration area, avoid the use of additional cooling system for the determined portion of the object.
In one particular embodiment of the invention, the secondary reflective device is arranged so that the position of the reflective element with respect to the main reflective portion can be changed, tuned, adapted or adjusted. This gives a flexibility to the installation and to the heating since the invention can be implemented wherever the level of the determined portion is in the object. For example, the reflective element may be displaced along the object height in order to heat another specific region. Moreover, in the same way, one or few other reflective elements with similar or different shapes and properties may be added along the object height. For example, a plurality of reflective elements (e.g. having the same shape and configuration) may be used with a specific distance between each other in order to make hotter parts or lines along the object height. The distance may be adjusted taking into account the geometry of the object and its dynamic (rotation speed and translation) in order to be able to make symmetric hotter parts required for asymmetric bottles in an easier way.
In one particular embodiment of the invention, the reflective surface of the main reflective portion is flat, or comprises cavities to reorient the reflected IR radiation as disclosed for example in WO 2006/002751.
Various embodiments of the heating installation of the invention are described in claims 2 through 8 and are included accordingly in this specification.
One object of the present invention is also to provide a counter reflective device suitable for increasing heating efficiency. Accordingly, it is further proposed according to the invention a counter reflective device according to claim 9.
Optional embodiments of the counter reflective device are described in claims 10 through 12 and are included accordingly in this specification.
One object of the present invention is also to provide a method adapted for heating objects typically moving along a defined path.
Accordingly, it is further proposed according to the invention a method of heating an object according to claim 13, included accordingly in this specification
It will be obvious that the object is optionally moved during the heating and the word "moved" thus does not exclude heating of an object in a temporary static state.
Optionally, the method comprises heating more in the first operating area than in a second operating area extending between the second reflector and a second section of the first lateral wall provided with at least one of the heating elements, by disposing a reflective surface of the second reflector, arranged between said transverse shield portions, at a proximal location relative to said object.
According to a specific feature, the object to be heated being a thermoplastic preform intended for the manufacture of a container after a forming of the heated object, the method further comprises:
- moving said preform along the defined path through use of a mandrel, the mandrel cooperating with an end neck of the preform, said end neck facing a non heated area;
- rotating said mandrel; and
- at the opposite of the first wall, reflecting with a cut-off by said transverse shield portions of the second reflector any beam of radiation directed toward said non heated area.
Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art during the description which will follow, given by way of a non- limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 shows a side view of a heating installation in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a detail of Fig. 1, showing a part of the counter reflector;
Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a heating installation in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 shows a view similar to Fig. 2 of another embodiment of the counter reflector in accordance with the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
In the various figures, the same references are used to designate identical or similar elements.
A heating installation 10 in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention is depicted in Figs 1-2. Referring to Fig. 1 the installation may be all or part of an oven. The oven is arranged with a gap 11 between the two lateral walls 12, 13. A first wall 12 of the lateral walls is provided with heating elements 14, here lamps or similar radiating sources each having a tubular outer bulb 14a. IR halogen lamps may be used. In the non- limitative example of Figs. 1 and 3, preforms 15 are moved along a path crossing said gap 1 1. The preforms 15 are here placed with their necks 15a down. Alternatively, any other heat-sensitive objects may be treated through the installation 10. For instance and in non- limitative manner, the heating installation 10 may be used for any pre-heating application, any heat processing for plastics, heat shrinkage of packaging and may also be used as ovens for semi-conductor, paper applications.
In the non- limitative embodiments of Figs 1 and 3, the heating installation 10 is adapted for use in an oven of a blow molding machine for heating plastic preforms 15 prior to blow molding. The lateral walls 12, 13 of the heating installation 10 are elongated and are facing each other a certain distance apart. Preforms 15 thus can be heated when moving within the gap 11, along a defined path. Each preform 15 is moved longitudinally between the lateral walls 12, 13, typically with a rotation around its axis YY. The preform 15 is subjected to a predetermined heating profile in a short time. As visible in Fig. 1, the gap 11 may be partly or entirely be closed, beyond the closed end 15b of the preform 15 on the path and near said closed end 15b, here above the closed end 15b, so that at least some of the radiation emitted beyond the closed end 15b of the preform 15 is reflected toward the body 15c of the preform 15. Thereby, the losses due to lost radiation are limited. A transverse plate 16 (only shown in Fig. 3) may be removably mounted on one of the lateral walls 12, 13 of the oven for this purpose. A passage for ventilation, preventing the oven from overheating, may be also provided. In Fig. 3, the transverse plate 16 is attached to the first lateral wall 12.
Still referring to Figs 1 and 3, the first wall 12 is provided with the heating elements 14 to irradiate the preform 15 from a reflecting face. This reflecting face extends along the path, with a length significantly higher (for instance at least four times higher) than an average diameter or similar characteristic dimension of the transversal section in the objects to be heated, here the horizontal section of the plastic preforms 15. The first lateral wall 12 is provided with a main reflector 20 that extends between the transverse plate 16 and an opposite level corresponding to the neck 15a of the preform 15. Such a main reflector 20 is located adjacent said heating elements 14 and is also called a back-reflector. At the opposite, the second lateral wall 13 comprises a first reflector 31, facing at least one part of the preform body 15c and the closed end 15b, and a second reflector 32 facing another part, adjacent the neck 15a, of the preform body 15c.
Referring to Figs 1 and 3, the first reflector 31 extends between a first elongated end 31a and a second elongated end 31b. These first and second ends 31a, 31b follow the longitudinal direction of the path. The second reflector 32 is physically secured, directly or indirectly, to the first reflector 31 at said first end 31a. Here the second reflector 32 is directly secured to the first reflector 31 to form an extension. Alternatively, the second reflector 32 may be displaceable with respect to the first reflector 31 and fixed with an adjustable position. The second reflector 32 comprises a first elongated transverse shield portion 33 and a second elongated transverse shield portion 34. An elongated cavity 35 is defined between these first and second transverse shield portions 33, 34. The spacing between the transverse shield portions 33, 34 may be adjusted according to a portion of the preform height that need a more concentrated heating. In one alternative embodiment, at least the second transverse shield portions 34 may be separable from the rest of the second reflector 32. It is here understood that these transverse shield portions 33, 34 are significantly different and greater than the optional raised areas which could provided in the counter reflector, for instance in the first reflector 31.
Referring to Fig. 1, the first reflector 31 is disposed far from the heating elements 14, behind the preform 15. This disposition reduces the complexity of the thermal management close to the heating elements 14. It also permits a better protection of the part of the preform 15 that is distant from the neck 15a.
The second reflector32 is arranged with a U profile and a shorter height, in front of some of the heating elements 14 and behind the preform wall, closer as possible from the preform 15. When the preforms 15 are passing in front of the heating elements 14, reflection of the corresponding radiation is increased at the level of the second reflector 32, which is provided with a proximal reflecting surface. This brings efficient concentration without using additional cooling system. Accordingly, an easy temperature variation over the preform height is obtained at a very low cost. Indeed, this passive solution does not require any complex technology for the heating process.
In the second lateral wall 13, the front face defined by the first reflector 31 and the second reflector 32 advantageously comprises said proximal reflecting surface, which is defined by the surface 350 of said cavity 35, and a distal reflective surface, defined by the first reflector 31. The junction portion(s) of the second reflector 32 that joint said proximal reflecting surface to the distal reflective surface defined by the first reflector 31 is here provided at the level of the first end 31a. As shown in Figs. 2-3, a planar section 40 at the top of the second reflector 32, perpendicular to at least one the two lateral walls 12, 13, is in contact with the first end 31a of the first reflector 31. Here, a portion of this planar section 40 is the junction portion and the first elongated transverse shield portion 33 corresponds to the proximal end of this planar section 40. As depicted in Fig. 2 in particular, another planar section 42 may be provided at the lower side of the second reflector 32, which is arranged in parallel relative to the planar section 40.
Here, the second reflector 32 is arranged with the two transverse shield portions 33, 34 protruding from the rest of the second reflector 32. It can be seen in the non-limitative exemplary embodiments of Fig. 1-3 that the cavity 35 is arranged in a region closer to the preform wall than the distal surface, which is here flat, of the second reflector 32. In alternative embodiments, the distal surface of the first reflector 31 may be profiled, for instance, with a plurality of identical cavities. The proximal reflecting surface extends in a position adjacent to a determined portion of a preform body 15 c, here the shoulder region, which extends from the neck 15 a, while the distal reflective surface is facing another portion of the preform body 15c, which is complementary to said determined portion. The two transverse shield portions 33, 34 protrude transversally with respect to a plane defined by a major portion the front face. Here the front face extends vertically, parallel to the central axis YY around which the preform 15 extends and may be rotated.
The surface 350 of the cavity 35 is U-shaped in cross section or may be arranged in a general concave shape, for example a parabolic or semi circular shape, a W shape or the like. The depth Dc of the cavity 35 is preferably inferior to the distance Dt between the free edge 33a a of the first transverse shield portion 33 and the first reflector 31. In other words, the proximal surface delimits an interior volume entirely shifted relative to the first end 31a of the first reflector 31. In the non- limitative examples of Figs 1 and 3, a virtual plane secant with the first end 31a and the second end 31b of the first reflector 31 does not intersect this interior volume. Accordingly, only the interior volume of the cavity 35 has a closer position relative to the path to concentrate the heating on the adjacent preform wall.
As shown in Fig. 1, the radiation from the uppermost heating elements 14 is reflected by the respective top surfaces of the transverse shield portions 33, 34, in order to protect the neck 15a or similar end of the object to be heated. Heating of the neck 15a and of any driven means that cooperate with the neck 15a is thus prevented. It can be seen in Fig. 1 that the transverse shield portion 34 of the second reflector 32 extends very close to the preform 15, at the junction between the body 15c and the neck 15a. The transverse shield portions 33, 34 function here as reflecting cutoff shields, adapted to protect the corresponding intermediary portion of the preform 15 to be further heated by reflected radiation of the most distant lamps 16. As a result, a better control of the heating profile is obtained for the corresponding portion of the preform body 15c. The reflecting top surface of the transverse shield portion 34 may be a planar surface. In this non-limitative embodiment, the transverse shield portion 34 extends at the level of the central axis of the lower heating element 14, which is partly arranged at a lower level than the body 15c. Here, the lower heating element 14 is thus, partly, at a lower level than the proximal reflective surface and the main direction, here inclined, of the radiant output of this heating element 14 is secant with the proximal reflective surface.
A major proportion of the radiation emitted by the lower heating element 14, as shown in Fig. 1 when the neck 15a is down, is reflected by the proximal reflecting surface. Moreover the radiation is then reflected toward the first lateral wall 12 at a lower level than the first transverse shield portion 33. It is understood that a cut-off effect is obtained through use of the two transverse shield portions 33, 34, in order to minimize the losses in the optical system.
Fig. 1 shows reflection of a beam emitted from one of the upper heating elements 14. The top surface, which is here planar, of the first transverse shield portion 33 reflects this beam upward, toward the first reflector 31. This prevents heating of the neck 15a as above indicated and this reflected radiation may advantageously be used for heating of the closed end 15b. As a result, efficiency of the heating process in increased.
A suitable material for the counter reflector defined by the first and second reflectors 31, 32 is a ceramic material or similar heat conductor material, for example material in alumina or such material having high reflectivity (>90%) and high conductivity (>20W/mK). The proximal reflecting surface and the distal reflecting surface may each comprise a material with a melting temperature higher than 600°C. In Figs. 1-3, the respective first and second reflectors 31, 32 may be integrally made of ceramic material. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, only the surface that is close may be coated with such a material. Ceramic material or other similar heat-conductor material may be used for this purpose.
Now referring to Fig. 3, it can be seen that the counter reflector with the two different reflectors 31, 32 may be optionally used in an oven of a blow molding machine for heating plastic preforms 15 that are each moved according to a general direction along the transport path. The preforms 15 are preferably rotated around their axis YY, using a mandrel (not shown). Such a mandrel may be longitudinally driven between the two lateral walls 12, 13 and typically cooperates with the neck 15a of the preform 15 by engaging elements. These preforms 15 are intended for the manufacture of containers such as plastic bottles to be filled with a liquid. The method for heating these preforms 15 is performed, here simultaneously with a longitudinal movement of the preforms 15 along the transport path, by heating the preforms 15 (on a predetermined preform height) by the heating elements 14 arranged one above the other according to a general stacking direction, and reflecting the radiation of the heating elements 14 by a counter reflector defined by the first reflector 31 and the second reflector 32. For increasing the heating efficiency, this method comprises:
- partially partitioning the area defined between the first lateral wall 12 and the second lateral wall 13, by the two spaced transverse shield portions 33, 34, to delimit a first operating area 51 extending between the second reflector 32 and a first section of the first lateral wall 12 provided with at least one of said heating elements 14;
- heating more in said first operating area 51 than in a second operating area 52 extending between the first reflector 31 and a second section of the first lateral wall provided with at least one of said heating elements 14, by disposing a reflective surface of the second reflector 32, arranged between said transverse shield portions 33, 34, at a proximal location relative to said preforms 15; and
- protecting the neck, which is facing a non heated area, here an inferior area 53, by cutting off by said transverse shield portions 33, 34 any beam of radiation directed toward said non heated area.
Accordingly, the radiation may be optically concentrated over a specific area, typically a small area, through use of a proximal reflection with the second reflector 32. While the temperature increases in the first operating area 51, here a lower area, such an increase may be controlled with the configuration of the second reflector 32 since impact of the upper heating elements 14 is limited relative to the first operating area 51. As a result, in comparison with a conventional construction of an oven, for a same heating operation, power of one or several radiating lamps or similar heating elements 14 may be reduced and/or the total number of the heating elements 14 may be reduced.
The present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments. These embodiments, however, are merely for example and the invention is not restricted thereto. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that other variations and modifications can easily be made within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims, thus it is only intended that the present invention be limited by the following claims. For instance, the invention may be implemented in any machine intended to heat an object, with any possible elongated form for the heating elements 14. Furthermore, the word "elongated" should not be interpreted in a restrictive manner and the length of the respective lateral walls 12, 13 may just be equal or slightly superior to the perimeter or similar dimension of the objects to be heated. The transport path may also be curved and the lateral walls 12, 13 curved in a corresponding manner and/or decomposed in a plurality of successive walls.
Any reference sign in the following claims should not be construed as limiting the claim. It will be obvious that the use of the verb "to comprise" and its conjugations does not exclude the presence of any other elements besides those defined in any claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.
Next Patent: APPARATUS FOR MIXING A DIGITAL AUDIO