BACKGROUND

[0001] This disclosure relates to an audio device that is worn on the ear.

[0002] Wireless headsets deliver sound to the ear. Most wireless headsets include an earbud that is placed into the ear canal opening. Ear buds can inhibit or prevent the user from hearing the speech of others and environmental sounds. Also, earbuds send a social cue that the user is unavailable for interactions with others.

SUMMARY

[0003] All examples and features mentioned below can be combined in any technically possible way.

[0004] In one aspect, an audio device includes a body configured to be worn on or abutting an outer ear of a user, wherein the body is configured to contact at least one of the outer ear and the portion of the head that abuts the outer ear, at two separate spaced contact locations, and wherein the body is compliant at a body portion that defines one of the contact locations. An acoustic module carried by the body is configured to locate a sound-emitting opening anteriorly of and proximate the user’s ear canal opening when the body is worn on or abutting the ear of the user.

[0005] Embodiments may include one of the following features, or any combination thereof. The sound-emitting opening can be located anteriorly of and proximate the tragus of the ear. The sound-emitting opening may be pointed at the tragus. One or both of the two separate spaced contact locations may be defined by a compliant cushion member that is configured to contact the ear root proximate the upper portion of the helix. The two separate spaced contact locations may be substantially diametrically opposed. One contact location may be proximate the otobasion inferius.

[0006] Embodiments may include one of the above and/or below features, or any

combination thereof. The body may be configured to contact at least one of the outer ear and the portion of the head that abuts the outer ear, at three separate spaced contact locations. The first and second contact locations may be proximate the upper portion of the outer ear helix. A third contact location may be proximate the otobasion inferius. The third contact location may be in an ear root dimple located just posteriorly of the otobasion inferius. The body may be compliant at the body portions that define each of the three contact locations.

[0007] Embodiments may include one of the above and/or below features, or any

combination thereof. The body may be configured to contact the ear root region at a plurality of separate spaced contact locations. A first contact location may be proximate the upper portion of the helix of the outer ear, and a second contact location may be adjacent to the otobasion inferius. The body may be compliant at both body portions that define both the first and second contact locations. A third contact location may be proximate the first contact location, such that the first and third contact locations are configured to contact the ear root region on opposite sides of the ear root ridge proximate the upper portion of the helix. The first and third contact locations may be defined by a compliant cushion member that is configured to contact the ear root region proximate the upper portion of the helix. The second contact location may be defined by a cushion member that comprises an arc-shaped surface that is configured to contact the ear root region. The body may further comprise a compliant spring member that extends from the cushion member and is configured to contact the ear root region or outer ear proximate the otobasion inferius.

[0008] Embodiments may include one of the above and/or below features, or any

combination thereof. The body may extend generally along an arc that extends for at least 180 degrees. The body may be configured to contact the ear root region at a plurality of locations along the ear root from proximate the otobasion superius to proximate the otobasion inferius.

The body may have an out of plane curvature along its extent. The out of plane curvature may be constructed and arranged such that the body portion proximate the otobasion inferius is laterally offset from the body portion proximate the otobasion superius.

[0009] Embodiments may include one of the above and/or below features, or any

combination thereof. The body may comprise a first compliant portion that is configured to contact at least one of the outer ear and the portion of the head that abuts the outer ear at a contact location that is proximate the upper portion of the outer ear helix. The body may extend generally along an arc, and the first compliant portion may have an out of plane curvature along its extent. The first compliant portion may define a bend along a length of the first compliant portion, and the first compliant portion may be configured to be flattened when the body is worn on or abutting the ear of the user to create forces that pull the acoustic module toward the user’s head.

[0010] Embodiments may include one of the above and/or below features, or any

combination thereof. The body may extend generally along an arc, and the body may comprise first and second compliant portions at different locations along a length of the body. The first compliant portion may be configured to contact at least one of the outer ear and the portion of the head that abuts the outer ear at a first contact location that is proximate the upper portion of the outer ear helix. The second compliant portion may be substantially diametrically opposed to the first compliant portion. The second compliant portion may be part of a pivoting arm with an end portion that is configured to be moved relative to the first compliant portion, to accommodate different head shapes. There may also be a third compliant portion that may be between the first and second compliant portions.

[0011] Embodiments may include one of the above and/or below features, or any

combination thereof. The body may comprise a twist that displaces a portion of the audio device body from the user’s head. One of the body contact locations may comprise a spherical member that is configured to be located in the user’s ear root dimple. The acoustic module may be configured to be moved relative to the body. The acoustic module may be configured to pivot relative to the body.

[0012] In another aspect, an audio device includes a body configured to be worn on or abutting an outer ear of a user, and an acoustic module carried by the body and configured to locate a sound-emitting opening anteriorly and proximate the tragus of the user’s ear when the body is worn on or abutting the ear of the user. The body is configured to contact the ear root region at a plurality of separate contact locations, wherein a first contact location is proximate the upper portion of the helix of the outer ear, and a second contact location is adjacent to and posterior of the otobasion inferius, wherein the body is compliant at portions that define the first and second contact locations, and wherein a third contact location is proximate the first contact location, such that the first and third contact locations are configured to contact the ear root region on opposite sides of the ear root ridge proximate the upper portion of the helix.

[0013] In another aspect, an audio device includes a compliant body configured to be worn on or abutting an outer ear of a user, and an acoustic module carried by the body and configured to locate a sound-emitting opening anteriorly and proximate the tragus of the user’s ear when the body is worn on or abutting the ear of the user. The body extends generally along an arc that extends for at least 180 degrees, wherein the body is configured to contact the ear root region at a plurality of locations along the ear root region, from proximate the otobasion superius to proximate the otobasion inferius, wherein the body has an out of plane curvature along its extent that is constructed and arranged such that the body portion proximate the otobasion inferius is laterally offset from the body portion proximate the otobasion superius.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Fig. 1 is side view of an acoustic device mounted to the right ear of a user.

[0015] Fig. 2 is a side view of another acoustic device.

[0016] Fig. 3 is a side view of another acoustic device.

[0017] Fig. 4A is an enlarged side view of a representative ear.

[0018] Fig. 4B is a rear perspective view of the ear of fig. 4A.

[0019] Fig. 4C is a rear view of the ear of figs. 4A and 4B.

[0020] Figs. 5 A and 5B are side and perspective views, respectively, of an acoustic device.

[0021] Figs. 6A, 6B and 6C are side, perspective, and top views, respectively, of an acoustic device.

[0022] Fig. 7 illustrates the acoustic device of figs. 6A, 6B, and 6C mounted on the left ear. [0023] Fig. 8A is a side view, fig. 8B is a top view, and fig. 8C is a front view of an audio device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] An audio device, such as a wireless headset, that delivers sound close to an ear canal opening but does not block or obstruct the ear canal. The audio device is carried by the ear using a structure that has compliance such that it lightly clamps on the ear. The device is able to remain in place even as the user moves the head.

[0025] Exemplary audio device 10 is depicted in fig. 1. Audio device 10 is carried by outer ear 30. Audio device 10 comprises acoustic module 12 that is configured to locate sound- emitting opening 14 anteriorly of and proximate to the ear canal opening 34, which is behind (i.e., generally underneath) ear tragus 32. The general axis or direction of sound emission from opening 14 is indicated by arrow 16. Audio device 10 further includes body 11 that is configured to be worn on or abutting outer ear 30 such that body 11 contacts the outer ear and/or the portion of the head that abuts the outer ear, at two or more separate, spaced contact locations. Body 11 has some compliance, so that it gently grips the outer ear and/or the ear root region when it is worn. The compliance can be but need not be at one or more of the body portions that define one or more of the contact locations.

[0026] Body 11 can be shaped generally to follow the ear root, which is the intersection of the outer ear and the head. Contact along the ear root or the outer ear and/or the head abutting the ear root (collectively termed the ear root region) can be at two, three, or more, spaced locations along the ear root. However, since the human head has many shapes and sizes, body 11 does not necessarily contact the ear root. Rather, it can be designed to have a shape and a compliance such that it will, at least on most heads, contact the outer ear and/or the portion of the head that abuts the outer ear. This contact occurs at least at two spaced locations. These locations can be substantially or generally diametrically opposed. The compliance can cause a slight compressive force at the opposed locations and so can lead to a grip on the ear that is sufficient to help retain the device in place on the ear as the head is moved. In one non-limiting example, two of the contact locations are proximate the upper portion of the outer ear helix, and a third contact location is proximate the lower part of the ear or abutting head, such as at or near the otobasion inferius. In one non-limiting example, the third contact location is in or proximate the ear root dimple that is located in most heads very close to or abutting or just posterior of the otobasion inferius. The audio device body may be compliant at the body portions that define each of three (or more) expected contact locations.

[0028] Some of the separate spaced contact locations may be defined by a compliant cushion member. The compliant cushion member can be configured to contact the ear root region proximate the upper portion of the helix. A first contact location can be proximate the upper portion of the helix of the outer ear, and a second contact location can be adjacent to and posterior of the otobasion inferius. The body can be but need not be compliant at both body portions that define both the first and second contact locations. A third contact location may be proximate the first contact location, such that the first and third contact locations are configured to contact the ear root region on opposite sides of the ear root ridge proximate the upper portion of the helix. Two contact locations may be defined by a compliant cushion member that is configured to contact the ear root region proximate the upper portion of the helix. A different contact location may be defined by a cushion member that comprises an arc-shaped surface that is configured to contact the ear root region at or near the ear root dimple. The body may further comprise a compliant spring member that extends from the cushion member and is configured to contact the ear root region or outer ear proximate the otobasion inferius.

[0029] The audio device body may extend generally along an arc that extends for at least 180 degrees. The body may be configured to contact the ear root region at a plurality of locations along the ear root from proximate the otobasion superius to proximate the otobasion inferius, wherein the body has an out of plane curvature along this extent. The out of plane curvature may be constructed and arranged such that the body portion proximate the otobasion inferius is laterally offset from the body portion proximate the otobasion superius.

[0030] Audio device body 11 can generally follow the shape of the ear root, as is further explained below. Body 11 in this example includes generally“C”-shaped portion 18 that extends from an upper end where it is coupled to acoustic module 12, to a lower end where it is coupled to lowest member 20. Some or all of portion 18 can be compliant. Compliance can be accomplished in one or more know mechanical manners. Examples include the choice of materials (e.g., using compliant materials such as elastomers or spring steel or the like) and/or a construction to achieve compliance (e.g., including compliant joints in the construction).

Generally, but not necessarily, body 11 follows the ear root from the otobasion superius 38 (which is at the upper end of the ear root) to close to or including the otobasion inferius 40 (which is at the lower end of the ear root). Lower terminal portion or member 20 can be constructed and arranged to fit into or near the dimple or depression that is found in most people behind earlobe 36 and just posterior of the otobasion inferius. Also, or alternatively, member 20 can be generally round and so can have an upper arc-shaped surface 21 that provides for an ear root region contact location along the arc, thus accommodating different head and ear sizes and shapes. If member 20 is made from or includes a compliant material (or is made compliant in another manner), it can provide some grip to the head/ear. Portion 18 at or around the ear root region proximate the upper portion 47 of the outer ear helix (which is generally the highest point of the outer ear) can also have compliance. Since ear portion 47 is generally diametrically opposed to device portion 20 (and the ear root dimple), device compliance at one or more points proximate these two locations will provide a gripping force that will tend to hold audio device 10 on the head/ear even as the head is moved, as is further explained below.

[0031] Since the device-to-ear/head contact points are both in the vicinity of the ear root proximate upper ear portion 47 and in the vicinity of the ear root dimple, the contact points are generally diametrically opposed. The opposed compliances create a resultant force on the device (the sum of contact force vectors, not accounting for gravity) that lies about in the line between the opposed contact regions. In this way, the device can be considered stable on the ear even in the absence of high contact friction (which adds to stabilization forces and so only helps to keep the device in place). Contrast this to a situation where the lower contact region is substantially further up on the back of the ear. This would cause a resultant force on the device that tended to push and rotate it up and off the ear. By arranging the contact forces roughly diametrically opposed on the ear, and by creating points of contact on either side of or over an area of the upper ear root ridge, the device can accommodate a wider range of orientations and inertial conditions where the forces can balance, and the device can thus remain on the ear. [0032] Figures 2 and 3 illustrate two of many variations that can provide the desired compliance. In fig. 2, audio device 50 includes a body 54 that is configured to be worn on or abutting an outer ear of a user, wherein the body is configured to contact at least one of the outer ear and the portion of the head that abuts the outer ear, at two separate spaced contact locations. Body 54 is preferably compliant at a body portion that defines one or more of the contact locations. Acoustic module 52 is carried by body 54 and is configured to locate a sound-emitting opening anteriorly of and proximate the user’s ear canal opening when the body is worn on or abutting the ear of the user. Compliance can be accomplished at least in part by spring-member 56 at the lower end of body 54. Member 56 can include or comprise a cantilever spring 58. Terminal member 60 can be the same as or similar to member 20, fig. 1. Locations 58a and 60a shown in phantom are the rest location. When worn, spring 58 is pushed outward by the outer ear such that it rests on or near the ear root, typically with member 60 located in or near the ear root dimple. The extension of the spring results in a force directed up against the ear root, generally toward the upper part of the audio device body.

[0033] Audio device 70, fig. 3, includes a body 74 that is configured to be worn on or abutting an outer ear of a user, wherein the body is configured to contact at least one of the outer ear and the portion of the head that abuts the outer ear, at two separate spaced contact locations. Body 74 is preferably compliant at a body portion that defines one or more of the contact locations. Acoustic module 72 is carried by body 74 and is configured to locate a sound-emitting opening anteriorly of and proximate the user’s ear canal opening when the body is worn on or abutting the ear of the user. Compliance can be accomplished at least in part by lower portion 76 at the lower end of body 74. Portion 76 comprises members 78 and 80 that are coupled together by rotating joint 81. Portion 78 is coupled to body 74 by rotating joint 79. Either or both of joints 79 and 81 can include a restoring force that tends to restore them to their unflexed resting positions. The joints thus provide compliance that results in a force directed up against the ear root, generally toward the upper part of the audio device body.

[0034] Figs, 4A-4C illustrate aspects of the outer ear and adjacent part of the head that are useful in understanding the audio device of this disclosure. Outer ear 30 includes helix 41, tragus 32, and earlobe 36. Ear root 39 is the location where the outer ear 30 meets the head 43. Ear root 39 has an upper end 38 termed the otobasion superius, and a lower end 40 termed the otobasion inferius. The most posterior part 37 of the ear root is termed the otobasion posterius. The ear root typically exhibits an arch 31 between area 3 la close to otobasion superius 38 and area 3 lb where the ear root begins its descent toward otobasion posterius 37. The outer ear comprises portion 42 that abuts the ear root. The head comprises portion 43 that abuts the ear root. Also, the head typically includes an ear root dimple (depression) 45 (fig. 4C) adjacent to the otobasion inferius and the earlobe; dimple 45 is typically but not necessarily located in most heads very close to or abutting or just posterior of the otobasion inferius 40, as shown in fig. 4C.

[0035] Audio device 100, figs. 5 A and 5B, is designed to be carried by the left ear (not shown). Fig. 5 A shows the side that would face away from the head when the device was worn on the ear. Fig. 5B is a perspective view. Device 100 includes acoustic module 110 comprising housing 111 that includes a sound-emitting outlet or nozzle 112 that faces the tragus and is meant to lie very close to or against the skin. Nozzle 112 is an opening in housing 111 that typically is arranged to deliver sound from one side (typically but not necessarily the front side) of one or more audio drivers that are located within housing 111. In one non-limiting example, acoustic module 110 accomplishes a variable-length dipole loudspeaker, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application 15/375,119, filed December 11, 2016, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In this example, there is a resistive opening or port 113, and a mass opening or port 114, both of which are exposed to the rear-side of the driver and are part of the variable length dipole. In some examples there may also be a second opening in the front cavity (not shown) that is opposite nozzle 112 that helps to reduce intermodulation in the acoustic cavity, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application 15/647,749, filed July 12, 2017, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0036] Acoustic module 110 is carried by device body 102 that comprises portion 140 that is closest to acoustic module 110, middle portion 130 that is connected to portion 140, and end (lower) portion 150 that is connected to portion 130. In this non-limiting example, portions 140 and 150 exhibit compliance. Since these portions are located generally at diametrically-opposed locations of the ear, the compliance can provide opposed compressive forces that help to hold device 100 on the ear. Compliance in portion 140 is provided (at least in part) by generally inverted“V”-shaped member 142 that may include elongated cavity or opening 143 that gives it greater compressive range. Member 142 can be made of a compliant material such as an elastomer or a foam (covered or uncovered). Member 142 can be soft, durable, and have good durability to skin oil and UV. In one non-limiting example member 142 is made from an elastomer such as a silicone, a polyurethane, an acrylic polymer, or a fluoroelastomer, and may have a Shore A durometer in the 10-50 range. The concave shape of member 142 allows it to sit on or adjacent to the ear root region on both sides of ear root arch 31 (see fig. 4A). Member 142 will thus make contact at both area 31a and 3 lb, fig. 4A. Portion 130 comprises housing 131 that can carry the electronics and power that are used to receive wireless audio signals (using any now-known or future-developed wireless technology, such as Bluetooth) and create and send signals that are used to drive the driver(s) located in acoustic module 110. Portion 130 is thus typically but not necessarily relatively rigid.

[0037] Portion 150 comprises generally cylindrical central member 151 and generally annular outer member 152. Member 152 can be made from a material with some compliance, such as an elastomer of the type described above. Member 151 will sit on or near the ear root dimple, and member 152 will contact the outer ear and/or the ear root region near the dimple. Both members 142 and 152 should have enough compliance to be compressed when device 100 is placed on the ear. The width of these elements (in the direction of compression) also helps the device to fit ears of different sizes and shapes. The compression of members 142 and 152 will cause forces against the ear (near the top and bottom of the ear) that are generally diametrically opposed; this helps to maintain the device on the ear. Also, the materials from which members 142 and 152 are made exhibit static friction with the skin that adds to the forces that help to keep the device in place on the ear.

[0038] Device 100 can be made mostly or entirely of an engineering plastic or a metal.

Portion 140 can be made from a material specifically designed to be somewhat flexible, e.g. a high strength plastic or metal. Member 142 is intended to be a cushion and as described above can be made from an elastomer or a foam. Portions of any lower spring (e.g., portions 174 or 172 in Figures 6) will contain spring elements, likely spring steel or Nitinol, or potentially be elastomeric in nature, as in member 152. [0039] Audio device 160, figs. 6A, 6B and 6C, differs from acoustic device 100 in part in its lower terminal portion 170. Generally cylindrical member 171 is similar to member 151, but can include inner portion 177 (fig. 6C) that is compliant (e.g., made from a soft elastomer as described above), and designed to contact the ear root dimple. Portion 170 achieves its compliance at least in part by using spring member 173. Spring member 173 includes elongated cantilever spring 174 and terminal generally cylindrical member 175. Spring elements can be made from spring steel or Nitinol, for example, or potentially be elastomeric. Member 175 has an arc-shaped outer surface that is able to ride along the outer ear, or the ear root region, or the head near the ear root, as device 160 is placed over the ear as it is donned. The donning action typically involves the user placing member 142 down on the top of the ear root upper ridge (e.g., ridge 31, fig. 4A). The user then rotates the device (clockwise in fig. 6 A) until member 171 sits in the ear root dimple. The arc-shaped surface of member 175 helps member 175 to slide along the ear as the device is donned. Since spring 174 is compressed when the device is worn, it creates a force opposing the forces created by member 142. Fig. 7 shows device 160 worn on ear 30. Spring 174 is bent (compressed) as described above, such that it is closer to member 171 than it is in the rest position shown in fig. 6A. Acoustic module 110 is located directly in front of ear canal opening 34.

[0040] Fig. 6C illustrates another feature of acoustic device 160. As shown in fig. 6A, body 102 extends generally along an arc that extends for at least 180 degrees. The body is configured to contact the region of the ear and head at or abutting the ear root, at a plurality of locations along the ear root region, from proximate the otobasion superius to proximate the otobasion inferius. In the present example, body 102 has an out of plane curvature along its extent. The out of plane curvature may be constructed and arranged such that the body portion proximate the otobasion inferius is laterally offset from the body portion proximate the otobasion superius.

Thus, portion 110 will sit against the head just in front of the ear. Spine or member 141can be non-planar, such that its end at housing 130 is laterally offset from its end at housing 110. This causes the device shape to generally follow the ear root of most people, and places member 177 at a lateral offset where it will fit into the ear root dimple of most people. Stated another way, in most people the ear root is not located in a plane. Rather, the lower end of the ear root (at the otobasion inferius) is closer to the median plane (i.e., the mid-sagittal plane) than is the upper end of the ear root (at the otobasion superius). When the audio device has a similar non-planar shape, it is better suited to fit into the ear dimple root and thus is better able to hold the acoustic nozzle just in front of the tragus, even as the user moves the head during normal activities or during exercise.

[0041] Audio device 200, figs. 8A, 8B and 8C includes generally arc-shaped body 202 that is configured to be worn at the intersection of the outer ear and the head, as described above. Body 202 comprises first compliant portion 208, second compliant portion 222, and third compliant portion 220. Body 202 also comprises middle section 210, which may include a housing for the electronics and power for acoustic module 204. The body can alternatively comprise only one or two of the three compliant portions. The three compliant portions help to accomplish stability of acoustic module 204 that is carried by body 202. Stability is accomplished rotationally (about an axis that is generally perpendicular to the sagittal plane), in and out from the face (in a direction generally parallel to the sagittal plane), vertically, and in a forward and back direction (in a direction generally parallel to the sagittal plane). Stability in/about all four of the described axes is desirable, but is not necessary according to the present disclosure, as stability in/about any one or more of these axes will improve the overall stability of the acoustic module relative to the ear, and so is a desired result. Audio device 200 is thus held in place such that acoustic module 204 is located close to and anteriorly of the tragus, as described above, even while the user moves the head. In order to accommodate different heads, acoustic module 204 can be pivotable relative to body 202 with pivot 209. Slot 211 in acoustic module 204 accommodates pivoting of module 204.

[0042] Stability is in part accomplished by a top-to-bottom clamping force on the outer ear, due to generally diametrically opposed clamping forces at the ear root ridge proximate the upper portion of the helix and at the ear root dimple. Clamping force at the ear root ridge proximate the upper portion of the helix is accomplished in this non-limiting example by compliant portion 208. Compliant portion 208 accomplishes a generally downwardly-directed clamping force in the same way as does member 142, fig. 5 A. The compliance of portion 208 may be accomplished in a desired fashion. In one non-limiting example, portion 208 is made from an elastomer (such as a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermoplastic urethane, or a silicone), or another compliant material. Alternatively, compliance could be accomplished with a leaf spring alone, or with a leaf spring embedded in an elastomer. Other options to accomplish a desired compliance and clamping force would be apparent to those skilled in the field and are included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0043] Clamping force at the ear root dimple is accomplished in this non-limiting example by a spring force that is distributed through the region encompassed by second compliant portion 222 and third compliant portion 220 (which may be a coil spring in one non-limiting example). Spherical end portion 216 is at the distal end of pivoting arm 212 that is constructed and arranged to be able to pivot in an arc as depicted by arrow 215 about pivot point 214 relative to middle section 210 of body 202. Arm end portion 216 is constructed and arranged to sit in the ear root dimple and against the lower portion of the outer ear that abuts the ear root dimple. End portion 216 establishes a location for application of the upwardly-directed clamping force at the ear root dimple. The distributed spring force is accomplished in part in this example using tension spring 220 that is fixed at one end to section 210 and at the other end to arm 212, as shown in the drawing. Spring 220 pulls arm 212 and thus its end portion 216 up against the outer ear abutting the ear root dimple in which end portion 216 sits. The forces created by spring 220 can be made adjustable in one non-limiting example by providing for more than one location in section 210 where the upper end of spring 220 can be fixed, for example by including a plurality of spaced openings 218 any one of which spring 220 can be coupled to (e.g., using a fastener). Other manners of accomplishing an adjustable spring force from spring 220 would be apparent to those skilled in the field and are included within the scope of the present disclosure. Also, spring 220 could be a leaf spring or a compression spring. Also, arm 212 could be made entirely from a compliant material such as an elastomer as another means to accomplish a desired spring force. The pivoting of arm 212 can be over-center, to allow the arm to be pivoted through about 180 degrees. This pivot range allows the user to move the arm out of the way when audio device 200 is put on the ear and removed from the ear. Once device 200 is placed over the ear, arm 212 can be pivoted back to the use position shown in figs. 8A-8C.

[0044] The distributed spring force is further accomplished in this example by compliance 222. Compliance 222 can be constructed in a similar fashion to compliant portion 208. Compliance 222 allows arm 212 to bend in and out and up and down (over 360 degrees) and thus allows end portion 216 to move up and down and in and out. A result is that different anatomies can be accommodated while still locating end portion 216 in or proximate the ear root dimple. Also, compliance 222 changes the motion of end portion 216 from an arc to a more linear motion, which also helps to accommodate different anatomies.

[0045] Compliant portion 208 is preferably but not necessarily bent along its length, i.e., it is not linear, as shown for example in fig. 8B. Bend 234 is located in portion 208 where the longitudinal axis 230 of body section 210 meets longitudinal axis 232 of body top section 206. Bend 234 helps to keep audio device 200 anchored against the head. When device 200 is placed over the ear (with surface 205 of acoustic module 204 against the face) and pushed down into the ear root, bend 234 is straightened out because the bend creates an audio device body 202 contour that is more bent than body 202 is when it is engaged in the ear root. Since portion 208 is compliant, when bend 234 is straightened the points of contact of audio device 200 with the head are pushed against the side of the head. These forces help to keep audio device in place on the head.

[0046] Compliant portion 208 preferably also includes a twist that cants both the body below portion 208 and arm 212 slightly away from the head. As shown in fig. 8C, the twist locates section 210 and arm 212 to the right (in the drawing) from a vertical plane through acoustic module 204. Accordingly, when audio device 200 is pushed down into the ear root and bend 234 is straightened, arm 212 will be off of the face. The points of contact of audio device 200 with the head will normally be the acoustic module 204, the part of body 202 that lies in the ear root ridge proximate the upper portion of the helix (i.e., on or very close to arch 31, fig. 4A), and the part of body 202 that lies close to the otobasion posterius. The three points of contact define a plane. The device is stabilized in the plane in part due to the preload of bend 234 that causes forces that push the audio device against the head, as described above. The optional twist in portion 208 leads to greater on-head stability, as is further explained below.

[0047] End portion 216 can be generally spherical as shown, but that is not a limitation as it can have a different shape. End portion 216 acts as one point of contact with the head, and also helps audio device 200 to grip the head. End portion 216 also should have a shape, hardness and grip that allow it to sit comfortably in the ear root dimple. Another shape of end portion 216 is depicted in figs. 5 and 6, wherein the end portion is generally toroidal. End portion 216 is preferably made from or coated with a material that helps to grip the skin. Examples include but are not limited to textured elastomers or high-friction coatings on a silicone body. The friction helps to keep end portion 216 in place. Also, the additional grip may allow the audio device to be held in place on the head with a lower top-to-bottom clamping force, which could make audio device 200 more comfortable to wear.

[0048] The twist and its effect on device stabilization can be explained with reference to fig. 8C. The lower part of middle section 210 has inner face 262 and outer edge face 264. Edge face 264 is generally planar and is configured to lie against the side of the head in or proximate the ear root. Edge face 264 is pushed out slightly away from the face by the twist. In one non- limiting example, the twist in portion 208 is about five degrees, which moves edge face 264 about 4mm from where it would be without the twist. When audio device 200 is placed over the ear, the bend in and the compliance of portion 208 accomplish a moment and spring preload that helps push acoustic module inner face 205 against the side of the head, as described above. The slight twist locates arm end 216 off of the head. The user then pushes arm end 216 into the ear root dimple. The compliance of arm 212 (e.g., as provided by compliant portion 222 and spring 220) allows end 216 to be pushed in and up or down so that end 216 can be seated in the ear root dimple; the motions needed depend on the individual’s anatomy. Since audio device 200 sits against the head at three points as described above, as the twist is straightened by pushing in on arm end 216, device 200 is caused to pivot slightly about a horizontal axis that goes from the front to back of the head and over arch 31. This pivoting motion pushes the lower part of acoustics module 204 into the face, which helps to stabilize audio device 200 and maintain the acoustics module in the desired location relative to the tragus.

[0049] A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that additional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the inventive concepts described herein, and, accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.