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The invention ^• relates to a drum brake of the type comprising two brake shoes, operating means situated bet¬ ween two first adjoining ends of the shoes, and adjusting means designed to increase autonatically the distance separating the first ends of the shoes as a function of the wear on linings carried by the shoes, the adjusting means comprising a lever pivoted at one end on a first one of the shoes in the vicinity of the operating means, a pawl pivoted on the first shoe and meshing with a toothed sector formed on the other end of the lever under the in¬ fluence of résilient means, and an operating member res- ponsive to the distance between the said first ends of the shoes so as to pivot the lever in a direction corres- ponding to a ustπent of the brake.

In such drum brakes, when the linings of the shoes are worn, pivoting of the adjusting lever controlled by the spacing of the shoes can cause the pawl to escape circuraferentially from the teeth of the toothed sector formed on the lever. Also, even if the deflection of the adjusting lever is not enough to nake the pawl escape, it may bring the free end of the lever into engagement with the hub of the vehicle wheel on which the brake is mounteά. In either of thèse situations, the components of the ad¬ justing means and other parts of the brake and hub may be seriously damaged.

To overcorae thèse disadvantages, the invention proposes a drum brake of the type described above, characterized in that abutment means are provided to pre- vent pivoting of the lever through more than a predeter- mined angle relative to the position occupied by the lever when idle and when the linings carried by the

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shoes are new, second résilient means being associated with the operating member to absorb the force transmitted by the latter when the lever is abutting on the abutment means.

With such a feature, of course, the lever cannot pivot when it cornes into contact with the abutment means, the position of which is so selected as to prevent the pawl escaping fro the teeth in the toothed sector on the adjusting lever and also tp prevent the latter from aking contact with the wheel hub.

According to another feature of the invention, the abutment means comprise at least one rigid member associated with the first shoe. Preferably, such a member is pivoted at one end on a pivot pin bearing the pawl, the other end of the said member comprising an abutment portion capable of engaging a corresponding ^' abutment surface defined on the lever.

According to still another feature of the inven¬ tion, the said member coopérâtes with those faces of the pawl and lever remote from the first shoe irrespec¬ tive of the position occupied by the lever, so prevent- ing any axial offset between the pawl and the toothed sector formed on the lever. Such a feature also makes it possible to prevent the tèeth in the toothed sector on the lever from escaping in a direction parallel to the drum axis from the teeth on the pawl. _β A member so designed can therefore prevent both circumferential escape when the components hâve reached the limit of their travel and axial escape at any time of the teeth in the toothed sector from the pawl, while ensuring that the adjusting lever does not touch the wheel hub. A drum brake having thèse features is therefore even more reliable than known drum brakes of the type defined above.

A particular embodiment of the invention will ήow be described by way of example with référence to the accompanying drawings, in which:

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Figure 1 is a gênerai view of a drum brake em- bodying the principles of the invention;

Figure 2 represents a section along a line 2-2 in Figure 1 ; and

Figure 3 represents a section along a line 3-3 in Figure 1.

The drum brake illiεtrated in Figure 1 comprises a support plate 10 designed to be attached to a non-rotary part (not shown) near one wheel of a vehicle and defin¬ ing a substantially circular rim 12 on its outer peri- phery. Operating means, for example a wheel cylinder 14, and a fixed fulcrum block 16 are mounted at two dia- metrically opposite places on the support plate 10. The- wheel cylinder 14 can be connected to a pressure fluid source, for example the master cylinder of the vehicle (not shown). Two arcuate brake shoes 18, 20 are slidably received on the support plate 10 and arranged so .that the wheel cylinder 14 engages two adjacent ends 22, 24 of the shoes 18, 20 respectively, and so that the two opposite ends 26, 28 of the shoes rests on the fulcrum block 16. Also, two helical springs 30, 32 respectively urge the shoe ends 22, 24 on to the wheel cylinder 14 and the shoe ends 26, 28 on to the fulcrum block 16. Each shoe 18, 20 comprises a web substantially parallel to the plane defined by the support plate 10 and an arcuate rim on which a respective friction lining 34, 36 is mounted. The friction linings 34, 36 are mounted on the rims of the shoes 18, 20 by any known means, for ex¬ ample adhesive or rivets. A drum 38, shown by chain lines in Figure 1 , is associated with a part (not shown) rota- ting with the wheel of the vehicle. The drum 38 is situated between the circular rim 12 of the support plate ^' 10 and the friction linings 34, 36 of the shoés 18, 20. Therefore, opération of the wheel cylinder 14 oves the shoe ends 22, 24 apart to urge the friction linings 34, 36 into engagement with the rotary drum 38, so operating the brake.

The drum brake illustrâted in Figure 1 also com¬ prises adjusting means for auto atically increasing the distance separating the shoe ends 22, 24 as a function of the wear on the linings 34, 36 of the shoes. Thèse adjusting means comprise an adjusting lever 40 pivoted, for example by means of a pivot-forming rivet 42, on the end 22 of the shoe 18, a pawl 44 pivoted, for exam¬ ple by means of a pivot-forming . rivet 46, on the shoe 18 near the free end 48 of the lever 40, and an opera¬ ting member 50 responsive to the distance separating the shoe ends 22, 24 so as to effect pivoting of the lever 40 on the rivet 42. The adjusting lever 40 has on its free end 48 a toothed sector 52. A toothed sector 54 on ^• the pawl 44 is urged into engagement with the sector 52 by a hairpin spring 56. This spring 56 is mounted on the rivet 46 and coopérâtes by one of its ends with the rim of the shoe 18 and by its other end with ^' .the pawl 44, so that it urges the toothed sector 54 into engage¬ ment with the toothed sector 52. As best shown in Figure 2, the operating member 50 comprises a link having forked ends 58, 60 which receive the webs of the shoes 18,20 respectively. The end 58 of the link 50 also receives the adjusting lever 40, with which it coopérâtes by means of a lug 62 which enters a recess 64 in the lever 40. The resulting coopération between the link 50 and adjusting lever 40 preferably defines a predetermined operating clearance, below which the link 50 can move freely rela¬ tive to the lever, and above which any motion of the link 50 to the right viewing Figures 1 and 2 causes the lever 40 to pivot anticlockwise viewing Figure 1. Preferably, the end 58 of the link 0 coopérâtes with the lever 40 near the rivet 42, and the free end 48 of the lever 40 extends near the end 26 of the shoe 18, so that any motion of the end 58 of the link 50 causing pivoting of the lever 40 is a plified substantially at the free end of the latter, so increasing the accuracy of the ad ustment.

In the embodiment illustrated, the forked end 60 of the link 50 receives, in addition to the web of the shoe 20, a handbrake operating lever 66 which is pivoted, for ex¬ ample by means of a pivot-forming rivet 68, on the end 24 of the shoe 20, and of which the free end 70 is designed to receive an operating cable (not shown) ^* adapted to be connected to a manual operating lever situated in the driver's compartment of the vehicle. Also, a helical spring 72 is inserted between the end 60 of the link 50 and the web of the shoe 20, so that the link 50 normally oves with the shoe 20 but can move relative to the shoe 20 under certain conditions (described below).

In accordance with the invention, abutment means . are provided to prevent pivoting of the lever 40 through more than a predetermined angle relative to the position which it occupies when idle while the linings 34, 36 are new. Thèse abutment means comprise a rigid member 74 associated with the shoe 18 by means of the rivet 46 bearing the pawl 44. As best shown in Figures 1 and 3, the member 74 comprises a sheet of rigid material, for example sheet métal, defining a plane substantially perpendicular to the drum axis. The member 74 is in the form of a link of which one end contains a circular hole 76 receiving the rivet 46 by which the member 74 is pivoted on the shoe 18. The other end of the member 74 bears a stud 78 which extends parallel to the drum axis in an oblong hole 80 formed in the end 48 of the lever 40. The stud 78 is substantially cylindrical, and its length is slightly smaller than the thickness of the lever 40, so that it does not engage the web of the shoe 18. The oblong hole 80 is substantially straight and de- fines an axis inclined at approxi ately 45° to a tangent to a circle defined by move ent of any point on the axis during pivoting of the lever 40. The stud 78 thus de-<- fines an abutment portion of the member 74 capable of engaging the left-hand end 82 of the hole 80 viewing

Figure 1 when pivoting of the lever 40 effected by the link 50 due to wear on the friction linings 34, 36 has covered an angle such that the stud 78 can engage the end of the oblong hole 80.

The drum brake just described with référence to Figures 1 to 3 opérâtes as follows:

On opération of the wheel cylinder 14, the ends 22, 24 of the shoes 18, 20 are oved apart so that the fric¬ tion linings 34, 36 are brought into frictional engage¬ ment with the rotary drum 38, leading to opération of the brake. During this opération, the shoe ends 26, 28 re¬ main in contact with the fulcrum block 16 under the in¬ fluence of the return spring 32. When the shoe ends 22,- 24 move apart, the link 50 moves with the end 24 of the shoe 20 under the influence of the spring 72, so that the lug 62 on the end 58 of the link moves relative to the recess 64 in the adjusting lever 40. When the movement is less than or equal to the operating clearance exis- ting between the link 50 and lever 40, it does not pro¬ duce any relative motion between the latter and the shoe 18. When, however, the movement of the lug on the link 50 relative to the recess 64 is greater than this pre- determined clearance, the lug 62 engages the right-hand edge of the recess 64 viewing Figures 1 and 2 and so pivots the lever anti-clockwise on the rivet 42. The end 48 of the lever 40 therefore moves relative to the pawl 44, tending to pivot the latter clockwise on the rivet 46, counteracting the spring 56. When the end 48 of the lever 40 moves enough for the toothed sector 54 on the pawl 44 to ju p over a tooth in the toothed sec¬ tor 52 on the lever 40, this opération takes place naturally under the influence of the spring 56. Conse- quently the end 48 of the lever 40 moves to the right viewing Figures 1 and 2 relative to the shoe 18 by an a ount corresponding to the distance separating two teeth in the toothed sector 52. When opération of the wheel

cylinder 14 ceases, the return spring 30 urges the shoe ends 22, 24 towards their idle positions, which may or may not differ from the idle positions previously occu¬ pied by them before opération of the wheel cylinder, de- pending.on whether or not the pawl 44 has ju ped over a tooth in the toothed sector 52.

A cycle of this kind is repeated whenever the wheel cylinder 14 opérâtes, so that as thé wear on the linings 34, 36 increases the free end 48 of the lever 40 moves to the right viewing Figure 1 , so modifying the distance separating the shoe ends 22, 24 in the idle position.

Just as the end 48 of the lever 40 moves progrès- . sively relative to the pawl 44, so the stud 78 cooperating with the edge of the oblong hole 80 is urged to the right viewing Figure 1 , so that the member 74 turns clock- wise on the rivet 46. When the stud 78 engages the left- hand end 82 of the hole SO, it becornes impossible for the lever 40 to continue pivoting anticlockvn.se on the rivet 42. Such a situation, deter ined by the dimensions and relative arrangements of the member 74, lever 40 and ob¬ long hole 80, must arise when the linings 34, 36 are al ost completely worn down and before the toothed sec¬ tor 52 on the lever 40 has pivoted so far relative to the pawl 44 as to escape circumferentially from the latter or engage the wheel hub (not shown). When the wheel cylinder 14 is operated after the stud 78 has en¬ gagea the ^' end 82 of the oblong hole 80, the force trans¬ mitted by the link 50 to the lever 40 in order to pivot the latter on the rivet 42 is absorbed by the spring 72, so that none of the co ponents of the brake is damaged. Thus the only secondary conséquence of locking of the adjusting lever 40 is. that after some time the stroke re- quired for hydraulic opération of the brake becomes lon¬ ger. This pheno enon, which occurs when the linings 34, 36 are worn, can give the driver of the vehicle a good indication of the condition of the linings.

In addition, the member 60 is so arranged relative to the pawl 44 and lever 40 that it coopérâtes with those faces of the pawl and lever re ote from the shoe 18, irr¬ espective of the position occupied by the lever 40 rela¬ tive to the shoe 18. It is therefore impossible for the end 48 of the lever 40 to be offset parallel to the drum axis relative to the pawl 44. The member 74 there¬ fore fulfils two rôles: it locks the adjusting lever 40 at the end of its travel, to prevent the latter from escaping circu ferentially relative to the pawl 44 and it prevents the toothed sector 42 from escaping axially relative to the toothed sector 54.

In the event of mechanical opération of the brake owing to the handbrake lever 66 being turned clockwise on the rivet 68, the lever 66 urges the end 22 of the shoe 18 away from the end 24 of the shoe 20 by way of the link 50. The friction linings 34, 36 therefore en¬ gage the drum 38, causing mechanical opération of the brake. During this opération, and in con&rast to brake opération by means of the wheel cylinder 14, the link 50 moves with the shoe 18, so that the adjusting means com¬ prising the lever 40 and pawl 44 are not operated. The link 50 does, however, move relative to the shoe 20, despite the force exerted by the spring 72. When opéra¬ tion of the handbrake lever 66 ceases, the various co - ponents of the brake are urged back into their idle posi¬ tions by the return springs 30, 72.

It will be appreciated that the invention is not restricted to the e bodiment just described by way of example. In particular, the invention also applies to brakes without a handbrake lever and to brakes in which the wheel cylinder 14 is replaced by any other operating means, for example, ca - or wedge-type operating means operated mechanically or pneu atically. Also, the abut¬ ment member 74 may be odified in respect of its shape and may, for example, be placed directly between the BΛJKEA7

support plate and the lever, without exceeding the .cope of the invention.