BEAMS, COLUMNS AND BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

INNOVATION TECHNICAL FIELD

Innovations is related to the structural elements which consist of columns, boundary regions of shear walls, beams, coupling beams of coupled shear walls, horizontal beam rebar's; that will act as a main load carrying system in column-beam joint and shear wall beam connection areas, longitudinal reinforcements, connections and splice areas.

PRIOR ART

Composite structures are carrier systems obtained by providing structural elements that comprise of different construction materials. In composite structures; as steel profiles (structural steel), steel reinforced concrete (rebar) and concrete can be used together in the same load carrying system elements such as column, beam, slab, shear wall also can be used as separate elements. Structural steel supplies; arc prevail with using structures in the form of I profiles that are the product of bloomer, U profiles, angles, sheet bar, gross section rods, pipe and box section profiles. In recent year by using bending force with the help of pattern, bended sheets have been used in construction sector by bending them in the form of profile.

Nowadays composite structural elements have become a preferable load carrying systems. Composite structural elements reduce dead weight of structure in accordance with reinforced concrete structural elements, can be built faster, can give solution to construction problems which are because of density of structural elements and provide a good performance in comprising necessary ductility against seismic effects. When load carrying elements such as column, shear wall, beam and slabs are designated as composite in composite structures, they are called as " composite column", "composite shear wall", "composite beam" and "composite slabs".

Composite columns: can be designed and built in three different ways;

1. Composite columns that are constituted with steel elements embedded in concrete: This type of composite columns is obtained by putting steel profiles at the inner section of the structural element which is consisted

- I - with longitudinal bars and stirrups. At least, four longitudinal bars should be coiled up with stirrups and steel profiles should be set up into the inner section of column. Profiles should be put into core region of stirrups and these profiles have a need for connection for every story level. This situation causes loss of time moreover because of a necessity of putting steel profile into core region of column it increases labor and cost.

2. Composite columns that are constituted with closed steel box sections embedded in concrete: pipe or box is obtained by putting concrete into profiles. Thanks to this method, it can be profited advantages of both concrete and steel. Also, capacity of burden of profile is improved with embedding concrete into profile and fireproofing increases.

3. Half built-in composite columns: they are preferable when earthquake resistant structural design is important because of their high ductility and bending stiffness. Using these profiles and provide adherence between profiles and concrete, shear wedge or shear keys should be used. In case of building profiles according to the shape of column like I shape, box, circle placed at the center of stirrups, due to that steel profiles do not contribute to bending moment. Moreover, despite the profiles that are putted into the midpoint of column, longitudinal bars should be covered with stirrups.

Composite shear walls: can be designed and built by using structural steel elements (using steel profiles) in the boundary region of the shear walls. According to regulations (Turkish standards (2007), Eurocode8 (2004) and other regulations related to subject) the buildings that will be built in disaster areas it is able to constitute dense longitudinal bars covered with frequent stirrups in the columns and boundary regions of the shear wall and shear effect should be met. The construction of dense longitudinal bars that are covered by frequent stirrups causing huge problems and in many circumstances it becomes impossible.

Cross-section of composite beams, usually are steel profile placed at the bottom of reinforced concrete: tension flange with reinforced or unreinforced narrow and wide I profiles, U profiles, inverted T or semi I profiles, artificial composite section whose compressional flange is smaller than tension flange, double U and double I profiles with trunk concrete. Apart from these steel cross section varieties encountered commonly, composite beams with honeycomb section and steel cage trunk can be mentioned.

Steel profile - concrete composite structural elements typically consist of slabs piece over Ί" steel profile beam with shear ties connection between steel profile and beam. The process of connecting shear ties to steel beam also may show variety. The most used one is fasten the headed fasteners to steel beam by welding or screwing shear connectors to steel beams by using screwed shear connector. In practical applications, in addition to this, composite beam sections can be constituted by different methods such as embedding 1 st section profile beam completely into concrete, or placing U section steel profiles in concrete reinforced beam flanks.

In many circumstances in creating columns and shear walls the boundary regions is supposed to be reinforced with dense longitudinal bars covered with frequent stirrups. The dense longitudinal bars and frequent stirrups in columns and boundary regions of shear walls causes great problems in processes such as preparing proper steel for the project, emplacement, concrete casting, and pressing; which may result into insufficient shear resistance in columns and shear wall far away from prediction in the projects. Moreover the construction becomes impossible in many case.

Base on construction techniques; steel profiles which are used as longitudinal bars in columns and in boundary regions of shear walls are supposed to be connected in every story level. Due to the lack of practical and applicable connection techniques for box profiles, U profiles, I profiles and pipes profiles; these type of composite columns and boundary elements of shear walls cannot find a common application area.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The innovation is related to structural elements which are used in columns, boundary of shear wall, beams, coupling beams of coupled shear walls, horizontal beam rebar's; that will act as a main load carrying system in column-beam joint and shear wall beam connection areas, longitudinal reinforcements, connections and splice areas. DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS

Drawing 1. Outlook of Building-up

Drawing 2. A Detail Outlook

Drawing 3. B Detail Outlook

Drawing 4. Perspective of Column- Beam joint land Outlook

Drawing 5. Perspective of Beam Outlook

Drawing 6. Perspective of Column Outlook

Drawing 7. Integration attachment integration place blasted Outlook

Drawing 8. Integration profile perspective Outlook

Drawing 9. Outlook from welded column stirrup

Drawing 10. Outlook from welded beam stirrup

Provisions of pointed section numbers are given in below.

1 . Column

1 .1. Column Profile

1 .2. Area of Column-Beam Connection

1 .2.1 . Integration Profile

1 .2.2. Support Profile

1 .3. Welded Column Stirrup

2. Beam

2.1. Welded Beam Stirrup

2.2. Beam Profile

3. Integration Attachment

THE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

Invention is related to construction of column (1 ), beams (2) and equipment's which provide connection to each other in a rigid way.

Columns (1 ) are comprised of column profile that is consisted of L profile (1 .1 ), welded column stirrup made by melted bar-steel (1.3) and column-beam joint area (1 .2) that provides rigid connection beams (2) to column (1 ). Column-beam joint area (1 .2) consist of integration profiles (1 .2.1 .) which are consisted of L profile and support profiles (1 .2.2). The structure elements; horizontal beam (2) rebar's which serve a system mission in main load carrying system, longitudinal bars, spline areas and joint areas consist of welded beam stirrup (2.1 ) that is consisted of melted bar-steel and beam profile (2.2) which is consisted of L profile.

When there is a need of splicing profiles, integration attachment (3) is used.

Integration attachment (3); are consisted of sheet bar or L profiles.

L profiles can be obtained as readymade also it can be manufactured from bending metal sheet. Four numbers L profile is cut in accordance with column (1 ) length. Welded column stirrup (1.3) which is installed in accordance with the project appropriate intervals and frequency will be mounted into these snacked column profiles (1.1 ). In addition to that, grooved stirrups can be installed in accordance with the project proper intervals and frequency into these snacked column profiles (1 .1 ) Welded column stirrups (1.3) and grooved stirrups are installed in an entailing way due to mount ability and in accordance with the project. In case the column profiles (1 .1 ) are not capable enough for provided shear stress, bending moment and axial force, extra longitudinal bars which is in required diameter and required frequency can be fixed into vertical iron gully or welded column stirrup (1.3). From above and below of the vertical reinforcement where additional longitudinal reinforcement is needed, these vertical reinforcement overlapping each other. In column (1 ) additional reinforcement areas joint appropriate stirrup can be used. Two column profiles (1 .1 ) are connected by using integration attachment (3) in integration areas of L profile according to size of burdens that will expose to column (1 ). In this integration area two column profiles (1 .1 ) will butt and rigid connection will be provided by connecting integration attachment (3) with weld, bolt, wire bonding, and screw or with riveting tool to the inner and outside areas of column profile (1 .1 )

Four number of L profile will be cut according to length of beam (2). Welded beam stirrup (2.1 ) which is installed in accordance with the project appropriate intervals and frequency will be mounted into these snacked beam profiles (2.2). In addition to that, grooved stirrups can be installed in accordance with the project proper intervals and frequency into these snacked beam profiles (2.2). Welded beam stirrups (2.1 ) and grooved stirrups are installed in an entailing way due to mount ability in accordance with the project. In case of when beam profiles (2.2) are not capable enough for provided shear force, bending moment and normal force, extra longitudinal bars iron which is in required diameter, required frequency can be fixed into vertical iron gully or welded beam stirrup (2.1 ). From right and left of the horizontal longitudinal reinforcement where additional longitudinal reinforcement is needed, these reinforcement overlapping each other. In beam (2) additional reinforcement areas joint appropriate stirrup can be used. Integrated stirrup can be used in proper regions where there is need for adding of beam (2) rebar. Two beam profiles (2.2) are connected by using integration attachment (3) in integration areas of L profile according to size of burdens that will expose to beam (2). In this integration area two beam profiles (2.2) will butt and rigid connection will be provided by connecting integration attachment (3) with weld, bolt, wire bonding, and screw or with riveting tool to the inner and outside areas of beam profile (2.2)

Welded column stirrups (1 .3) consisting of longitudinal bars from L profile can be used in boundary region of shear wall.

The connection of beam (2) with column (1 ) is very important for constructing stable and consistent structures. In existing method, column and beam connection areas are constructed by bar-steel and stirrups with human hand without any apparent standard. In this situation, in exceptional areas where there is extensive equipment proper connection which is predicted by regulations between beam and columns is out of question, also there can be different equipment density in different column beam connection areas in the same building. This situation is a serious problem against constructing industrial buildings which are conforming to standards and safe. In our innovation, column beam joint areas of column (1 ), The support profiles (1.2.2) create a 90° angle with column profiles so as to appropriate edges from the inside and the other edges from the outside provides rigid connection by weld, bolt, wiring system, screw or riveting tool. In a way that the appropriate edges of support profiles (1 .2.2) can get through column, and in a way that other edges can get support column profiles (1.1 ), integration profiles (1.2.1 ) provide a rigid connection by weld, bolt, wiring system, screw or riveting tool.

In the intersection areas of column (1 ) with beams (2), beam profiles (2.2) provide a connection to integrated profiles (1 .2.1 ) which are in the column beam connection area (1 .2) with integration attachment (3) by connecting by weld, bolt, wiring system, screw and riveting tool. Depend on the size of burden; stirrup integration can be done in the need of additive to beam (2) region integration profiles (1.2.1 ) equipment.

In the situation of building up composite column, composite beams, the boundary region of composite shear wall in which the shear head equipment's are made of L profiles with parts and system as explained in our invention, composite column, composite beam, composite shear head areas in which head equipment's are made of L profiles, equipment's of column beam joint areas, industrial construct systems can be formed more economical, more safer and faster construction. Today, head areas of column, beam, and shear wall and in the construction of column beam integration areas, dense horizontal and longitudinal bars are formed by covering with frequent stirrups. There are serious problems in the process of constructing head areas of column, beam, and shear wall and in the construction of column beam integration areas, dense horizontal and longitudinal bars are formed by covering with frequent stirrups, process of placing equipment, in the process of pouring of concrete and firming. Thanks to our innovation, the problems which frequently happening in the processes like preparing equipment, placing equipment's, pouring of concrete and firming are removed. Because columns, beams, head areas of shear walls and column beam joint areas which are made by using L column profiles (1 .1 ), column- beam joint area (1.2), welded column stirrup (2.1 ), beam profile (2.2) and integration attachment (3) can provide sufficient resistance without dense equipment.