CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/244,799, filed September 22, 2009, which application is incorporated herein in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to bicycle trailers, to hitches for such trailers and to related methods.

SUMMARY

In accordance with an aspect of an embodiment of a bicycle trailer, the trailer can be folded at upper and intermediate hinge locations. In addition, a lower support can be foldably coupled to the body by lower hinges at a lower hinge location. One or more of these locations, and desirably the upper and intermediate locations, can be selectively secured against folding by a lock and lock actuator mechanism, such as a dual actuated lock release. In a first actuating mode, a first release can be operated such as by a single hand of the user, such as by twisting a handle about a transverse access that spans the trailer frame to release towing component locking hinges. When these hinges are released, towing components of the trailer can pivot relative to load or frame supporting portions of the trailer to, for example, allow the towing components to fold toward the body of the load carrying components. In addition, a second similar release mechanism can be used to permit the release of the intermediate frame hinges to permit relative folding of upper and lower load carrying portions or frame sections of the trailer, such as to collapse them together. This second release can also utilize a handle pivoted about a transverse axis relative to the frame to allow single handed release the intermediate frame hinges. In a second operating mode, a push button, or other manually activated release, can be located at each side of the frame adjacent to upper hinges and intermediate hinges for actuation by the user to release the hinges and to permit folding of the trailer. In accordance with an embodiment, a similar hinge folding mechanism can be used for operation of the hinges for the lower support platform. However, in one embodiment, a prop or stand is pivoted to a distal portion of the load carrying support portion and coupled via a cable or other elongated release to the lower hinge components that pivotally couple the lower support to a lower portion of the load carrying portions of the trailer frame. Movement of the prop, for example, pivoting of the prop relative to the supporting distal portion of the lower support, applies tension to the cable or release mechanism and releases the lower support hinges to allow folding of the lower support or shelf toward the trailer body portions. A wheel or roller can be mounted to the prop to facilitate rolling of the trailer if the wheel is positioned on a support surface. Separate releases for the support can alternatively be provided at each of the platform hinges or a common cable actuated release operable separately from the prop or support can be used.

In accordance with another aspect of an aspect of an embodiment, a trailer hitch can be provided that increases the stability of the trailer when the trailer is towed, from a trailer to bicycle connection location that is above the rear axle of a bicycle wheel and more desirably above the entire wheel, such as being coupled to a rack mounted to the frame of the bicycle behind a seat post or to a bicycle seat post.

As yet another aspect of an embodiment, a plurality of load tie down projections or luggage connectors can be mounted to frame components of the trailer. In one form, these projections can have an enlarged head with a shank of reduced cross sectional dimension with the shank being secured to the trailer frame. These projections can be used to, for example, secure load carrying bags to the trailer frame. For example, load carrying bags can be provided with connectors (such as frame connectors) comprising a first opening sized in cross section to be greater than the cross sectional dimension of the head of the tie down projections and with a slot of a cross sectional dimension smaller than the cross sectional dimension of the head and larger than the cross sectional dimension of the shank of the head. As a result, these connectors can respectively be placed over the head of an associated tie down with the shank of the tie down positioned in the reduced dimensioned slot of the associated connector to releasably secure a bag to the trailer frame. Plural rows of luggage connectors, such as four vertically spaced apart rows, each row comprising at least a first luggage connector at one side of the trailer and a second luggage connector at the opposite side of the trailer, can be used.

In accordance with yet another aspect of an embodiment, the frame of the trailer, or portions thereof, can be covered with a durable "skin" material. Examples include, but are not limited to, fabric, but can include rigid materials such as metal installed so that the skin does not interfere with folding of the trailer. Articulated skins can be used. In a particularly desirable embodiment, upper and lower frame portions are covered by a polymer sheet material, such as low density polyethylene. The sheet material can terminate below the upper hinges. Also, an opening can be provided through a central portion of the sheet material in the region of the intermediate frame hinges to permit access to a release handle if such a handle activated hinge release is used.

In one embodiment, folding of the trailer can be accomplished through the use of four independent hinged joints comprising:

Tow arm and hinge:

The top of the trailer can comprise a tow arm which can be pivoted to an extended position for attachment to a bicycle, or for use as a cart handle. The tow arm can be folded out of the way when the trailer is used as a cart. The length of the tow arm can be approximately one half of the length of the back plane to maximize economy of space for storage. Folding of the towing components can be accomplished using a pair of co-axial hinges that can be constructed, for example, to lock in two set positions, such as approximately 135 degrees apart. In one embodiment, two methods are provided to release these hinges and allow rotation of the tow arm between these two positions. The primary release mechanism can be a twist grip mechanism that simultaneously disengages both locking hinges to allow rotation of the tow arm between the two positions. The hinges can also be released by depressing a button on each hinge. Therefore, the towing components can still be released for pivoting in the unlikely event that the primary or handle release should fail. Alternatively, a single release mechanism can be provided or stops can be used without a release mechanism. Back plane and hinge:

The back plane or frame can comprise a plurality of sections, such as two frame sections of approximate equal length joined by a pair of co-axial locking hinge elements that can provide, for example, two frame positions, such as approximately 170 degrees apart. These hinges can be similar in form and function to the tow arm hinges described above.

Loading platform and hinge:

At the bottom of the cart a loading platform or shelf can be provided that can be folded between, for example, two positions. The loading platform in the in-use position can be angled approximately 90 degrees from the back plane of the frame. In this position, the loading platform hinges can, in an embodiment, be locked to prevent unintended folding. The platform can include locking hinges that can be released to allow the loading platform to fold to a compact storage position approximately parallel to the back plane. In this storage position the loading platform can be held in position by a retainer, such as a detente that provides internal tension in the hinge elements. Plural mechanisms can be provided to release the platform hinges and allow folding of the loading platform to the stowed position. The primary release can be a single point release, releasing both hinges simultaneously through one action. The locking hinges can also be released independently, in one example, such as by pressing a latch actuator on each hinge. Alternatively, a single platform or shelf release mechanism can be used. As another alternative, one or more stops without a release mechanism can be used. Support and hinge:

A supporting element can be located at the distal end of the loading platform opposite to its hinges. This support element can comprise one or more posts or props that can rotate from a stowed position, such as approximately parallel to the loading platform, to a supporting position, such as approximately 100 degrees from the loading platform. The hinge for the supporting element can have respective detente positions to limit its motion to the extremes of its rotation. The support can be provided with a caster, wheel or other roller for use in rolling the assembly when in an upright position. The support can also comprise a hinge release actuator with the support activating release to allow the support platform to pivot, such as a cable release, when the support is pivoted to one position. A cable or other shelf release operable independently of the support can alternatively be used. Alternatively, one or more stops or shelf pivot limiting mechanisms can be used to limit the deployed position of the shelf without a release mechanism. Some exemplary features of embodiments of the trailer can comprise one or more of the following:

• Flexible hitch coupling that allows required motion and restricts

undesired motion.

• Proportional geometry of articulating frame that provides good utility for towing when fully open, useful handle height when tow arm is folded, and compact size when frame is fully folded.

• Unique locking hinge design for tow arm and back plane that provides secure locking, minimal backlash and easy release.

• Locking hinge design and release mechanism for a loading platform.

• Accessory attachment system comprised of posts attached to frame that accept female swivel-lock connectors.

One or more of the following advantages, and optionally all of them, can be achieved by embodiments of the trailer of the illustrated construction. These advantages comprise one or more of:

• Enhanced cargo capacity.

• Can stand in an upright position for easy loading.

• Accommodates various loading options including special designed

backpack, pannier or luggage style bags, or generic loads such as rigid boxes, tools, golf clubs, buckets, trash cans, etc. through use of tie down straps or cargo nets. Large load capacity (e.g. 50 to 75 pounds).

• Easy mounting and removal of load carrying bags.

• Folds to a compact substantially flat shape for storage/transport. Trailer can remain closed (e.g., locked in a folded or collapsed condition) when folded.

• Works indoors (e.g., as a cart) as well as out, carrying a load from source to destination, reducing the number of transitions.

• Easily transports in public spaces: small footprint.

• Easy attachment to bicycles of varying types.

• Stable when towed behind a bicycle. • Short wheelbase compared to other trailers, thereby improving maneuverability both on and off the bike.

• Lightweight.

• Can be converted from a trailer to a cart using one hand.

· Water resistant.

• Quiet to operate.

• Can be provided to a user in an assembled state.

• Aesthetically pleasing.

• Easy to use in stores when converted to a push cart without drawing attention to the cart and with desirable maneuverability.

In accordance with an embodiment, a plural (e.g. two) wheeled cart is provided that can be both towed behind a bicycle and pushed or pulled by hand. In one embodiment, the trailer comprises or consists of:

• A rigid frame containing a back plane and a lower shelf.

• Mounting features to attach bags, tie-down straps or cargo net to the back plane.

• First and second wheels such as at the approximate intersection of the back plane and lower shelf.

• One or more supporting members on the bottom of the lower shelf

opposite the wheel axis to provide support so the cart may stand upright.

• A handle at the top of the frame for pushing or pulling the cart on its wheels.

• A tow arm at the top of the back plane to attach to a bicycle.

• A coupling mechanism to attach/detach the tow arm to a bicycle at an end portion of the tow arm.

• An articulating joint near the coupling mechanism that both allows the cart to tow naturally behind a bicycle while minimizing the interference with the handling of the bicycle and while resisting undesirable and unstable motion of the trailer that could cause the trailer to flip over.

In accordance with other aspects of embodiments, the trailer can comprise more of:

• Articulating frame components for compact transportation and storage.

• Rigid latches with ergonomic releases for articulating joints.

• Removable wheels for compact transportation and storage.

• Large road going tires for quiet, stable and efficient towing.

• Optional aluminum, and/or other durable material, construction for corrosion resistance and light weight.

• A skin that can be, for example, comprised of polymer for weather

protection and easy cleaning. These and other aspects of embodiments of bicycle trailers in accordance with this disclosure will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. The invention comprises all novel and non-obvious combinations and sub-combinations of such features as well as the novel and non-obvious elements themselves and related methods.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a bicycle trailer and portion of a bicycle, namely the rear wheel of the bicycle and a portion of a seat post thereof.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a hitch that can be used with the bicycle trailer of FIG. 1 and that can comprise a portion of the bicycle trailer.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of one form of a luggage connector or tie down that can be used for detachably securing luggage, such as bags, containers and the like to the bicycle trailer.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the bicycle trailer of FIG. 1 without the hitch.

FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the bicycle trailer of FIG. 1 without a skin or other covering attached to the bicycle trailer.

FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the bicycle trailer of FIG. 5 with towing components (a tow arm) thereof in a collapsed or folded position and with a support or prop deployed to assist the trailer in standing in an erect orientation.

FIG. 7 is a front view of the bicycle trailer of FIG. 1 with towing

components and an articulated frame shown in a folded position, with a load supporting shelf in a folded position, and with wheels for the trailer detached and carried in the space between the load supporting shelf and one of the frame sections.

FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the collapsed bicycle trailer of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a rear view of the bicycle trailer of FIG. 1 with towing components shown in a collapsed or folded position.

FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of the bicycle trailer of FIG. 9 with both the towing components and articulated frame components in a folded or collapsed condition and with a load supporting shelf deployed. In the FIGS. 9 and 10 conditions, respective handles are available that facilitate the use of the bicycle trailer as a cart.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a bicycle and trailer in accordance with an embodiment with a first form of luggage attached thereto.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a bicycle frame in accordance with an embodiment with upper and lower pieces of luggage detachably mounted to the frame of the bicycle trailer, with the towing components of the bicycle trailer in a collapsed position, and with a support or prop deployed to support the trailer and carried luggage in an upright orientation.

FIG. 13 is a view of an embodiment of a bicycle trailer similar to the view of FIG. 12 with still further types of luggage detachably mounted to the trailer.

FIG. 14 is a view of an embodiment of a trailer similar to FIG. 13 with a rainfly deployed from a rainfly container carried by the bicycle trailer and positioned to cover the luggage being transported by the trailer.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of one form of a luggage connector or tie down and one form of a luggage to frame connector usable to detachably mount luggage to the frame of the trailer, the connectors being shown in a detached condition.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 15 with the luggage connector or tie down and luggage to frame connector shown in an attached condition in FIG. 15.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a trailer in accordance with this disclosure with the skin or covering of trailer components removed.

FIGS. 18, 19 and 20 illustrate respective top, side elevation, and forward- looking views of an exemplary trailer hitch that can be used with embodiments of bicycle trailers disclosed herein.

FIGS. 21, 22 and 23 illustrate the hitch of FIGS. 18-20 shown in respective detached, in the process of being attached, and attached positions.

FIG. 21 A is a vertical sectional view in a fore/aft direction through a portion of a flexible coupling incorporated in the hitch of FIG. 21 to show a pin receiving aperture or opening therethrough. FIG. 21 B is a vertical sectional view taken perpendicularly to the view of FIG. 21 A and also showing the pin and pin receiving opening looking in this direction.

FIG. 24 is an exploded view of the hitch assembly of FIG. 21 and also showing one form of a mount for coupling the hitch to a bicycle.

FIG. 25 is a side elevational view of an alternative form of a hitch and hitch mount wherein the mount has a substantially horizontal pin supporting surface portion for supporting a hitch receiving pin thereon.

FIGS. 26, 26A, 26B and 26C illustrate respective perspective, top, side elevation and rear views of an exemplary flex coupling usable in the embodiment of FIG. 25.

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of an alternative form of hitch and hitch mount.

FIGS. 28-30 are respective perspective views of yet another alternative form of hitch and hitch mount that can be used to couple a bicycle trailer to a bicycle.

FIG. 31 is an exploded view of one exemplary form of hinges and locking mechanisms that can be used in a bicycle trailer in accordance with this disclosure.

FIG. 32 is a view of a portion of a twist actuator that can be used to lock and release locking mechanisms for the hinges of the embodiment of FIG. 31.

FIG. 33 is a view of an alternative form of twist actuating locking and unlocking mechanism.

FIG. 34 is an exploded view of an exemplary support or shelf portion of a bicycle trailer that can be used in a trailer in accordance with this disclosure.

FIG. 35 is a front view of the bicycle trailer portion of FIG. 34 in an assembled state.

FIG. 36 is a partially broken away side elevation view of the bicycle trailer portion of FIG. 35 taken along line 36-36 in FIG. 35.

FIG. 37 is an enlarged view of a hinge portion of the bicycle trailer portion of FIG. 36 enclosed in dashed lines in FIG. 36.

FIG. 38 is a perspective view of an exemplary prop or support actuated release mechanism for releasing the lower shelf to permit folding of the lower shelf. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This disclosure relates to a trailer for towing by a bicycle, hence a bicycle trailer, comprising one or more of the new and non-obvious features disclosed herein, to novel and non-obvious components disclosed herein, and to related methods.

Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a trailer for towing by a bicycle (not shown) but having a rear wheel 12 that rotates about the transverse axis of a rear bicycle axle 14. A seat supporting post 16 of the bicycle is also shown in Fig. 1, as an example location for coupling of the trailer to the bicycle by a hitch 20.

Alternatively, a hitch coupling rack can be mounted to a portion of the frame of the bicycle, typically behind the seat but above the wheel of the bicycle. Thus, desirably the trailer is coupled to the bicycle at a location above the axle 14 of the bicycle and more desirably at an elevation above the rear wheel 12 of the bicycle. It should be noted that the term bicycle in this description is intended to broadly encompass a pedal powered (or at least partially pedal powered) vehicle having two or more wheels, such as bicycles with two or more rear wheels and bicycles with only one front and one rear wheel. Thus, the term bicycle is not to be construed as limited to only two wheeled vehicles.

The illustrated trailer comprises a towing structure or tow arm 30 that can comprise a tow arm member 32 and frame coupling components, such as first and second towing legs 34, 36 that diverge from one another along at least a portion of the distance from the tow arm member 32 to the location of an upper end or end portion 38 of a trailer frame and in this example an upper end portion of an upper trailer body portion or section 40. The term "tow arm" is not limited to a single member such as a tubular member as the term "tow arm" refers to the structure (typically not including the hitch or hitch mount) used in towing the trailer frame. Thus, in the Fig. 1 example, the tow arm includes components 32, 34 and 36. A tow arm can be, for example, a plural component structure. Upper trailer portion or section 40 in this example comprises first and second spaced apart side frame elements 50, 52 that are interconnected intermediate to their respective ends by a cross frame member 54. A first hinge 60 pivotally couples a distal or lower end portion of towing leg 34 to an upper end portion of frame element 50. A second hinge 62 pivotally couples the distal or lower end portion of towing leg 36 to an upper end portion of frame element 52. The hinges 60, 62 thus comprise exemplary tow arm hinges that are desirably positioned in a transverse line. In the embodiment of Fig. 1 , the hinges 60, 62 pivotally couple the towing structure including the tow arm member 32 to the upper trailer frame portion for pivoting of the tow arm about a transverse pivot axis. The hinges 60, 62 define a tow arm pivot axis that, in the Fig. 1 example, is about one-third of the distance from the distal end 31 of tow arm member 32 to the bottom or lower end 89 of a lower trailer portion or section 90, described below. The hinges 60, 62 in one desirable form can be selectively locked in place to establish the angle between the towing leg 36 and frame element 50 and between towing leg 34 and frame element 52. This angle is indicated as a (alpha) in Fig. 5. The angle a can be varied, such as to provide clearance C between the upper portion of the wheel (or fender or other bicycle structure) and the trailer towing and trailer frame components. For a trailer coupled to a bicycle seat post or to a rack or mount below and behind the bicycle seat, an angle a of 135 degrees is desirable, with a desirable range of angles for a being between 125 degrees and 145 degrees. A suitable locking mechanism can be used to selectively prevent movement of the tow arm hinges 60, 62 and to establish the desired angle. One or both of the hinges 60, 62 can comprise a lock that can be selectively activated by a lock actuator to lock or release the hinges 60, 62 against pivoting movement. A lock actuator such as a tow arm release mechanism is desirably provided to selectively permit the release of the hinges 60, 62 to permit folding of the towing components against the frame components to a tow arm stowed position, such as explained below, and to permit extension of the towing components from a stowed position to a tow arm towing position. Various release mechanisms can be used, such as intermeshing detente mechanisms, spring biased pin mechanisms, or the like.

One desirable release mechanism is a dual actuated mechanism described in greater detail below in connection with Fig. 31. In general, this dual actuated mechanism is indicated at 70 in Fig. 1 and can comprise a first tow arm actuator, such as a central handle release 72, and additional actuators, such as first and second push button releases 74, 76. Alternatively, only the common actuator operable to simultaneously release or lock tow arm hinge locks can be used. As another less desirable alternative, only separate hinge lock actuators, such as push button actuators, can be used without the common tow arm release actuator. Handle 72 in one embodiment can be actuated using one hand by simply twisting the handle about a transverse axis between the frame components 50, 52 and 34, 36 to release the respective hinges 60, 62. Handle 72 in this embodiment is operatively connected to both hinge locks, for example, by first elongated tensioning members such as actuating cables. Twisting the handle pulls the cables inwardly, and pulls each of first and second hinge locks (associated respectively with hinge 60 and hinge 62) inwardly, decoupling outer hinge components from inner hinge components and allowing them to rotate or pivot relative to one another. Alternatively, the hinge locks 74, 76 in this embodiment can be simultaneously actuated manually, for example, by push button actuators at the lateral faces of the hinge assemblies to permit folding of the towing and upper frame components relative to one another. When folded, as shown in Figs. 6 and in other Figures discussed below, handle 72 can be positioned at an upper portion of the frame with the tow arm stowed so that the handle is in a position for use to push the trailer by hand, to pull the trailer, or in effect to operate the trailer as a hand or luggage cart.

A lower frame portion or section 90 is also shown in the embodiment of Fig. 1. Frame portion 90 can comprise first and second lower spaced apart side frame members 92, 94. Frame member 92 has an upper end portion that is coupled by a hinge 100 to a lower end portion of the frame component 50. Frame member 94 has an upper end portion that is coupled to a lower end portion of the frame component 52 by a hinge 102. Hinges 100, 102 comprise intermediate frame hinges in that they are positioned between upper and lower frame portions or sections 40, 90.

Desirably, hinges 100, 102 are positioned along a transverse line that is

approximately one-third of the distance from the bottom of the lower frame portion 90 to the end of the tow bar 32. A frame cross member can also extend between hinges 100, 102. Hinges 100, 102 define a transverse axis about which the upper and lower frame portions or sections can be folded or pivoted relative to one another to further collapse the trailer. The hinges, 100, 102, can be locked in place to establish a relative angle [see angle β (beta) in Fig. 5] between frame components 50 and 92 and between frame components 52 and 94. Angle β can be varied to establish clearance (see clearance D in Fig. 5) between the rear wheel of the bicycle as well as other bicycle structures (e.g., a fender) and the trailer frame components. Although β can be varied and is not a critical angle, 170 degrees is a specific example thereof. A release mechanism can be provided to selectively release the hinges 100, 102 to permit folding of the upper and lower frame components 40, 90 relative to one another. Release mechanisms, such as described above for releasing hinges 60, 62, can be used. Thus, for example, in addition to or as an alternative to other release mechanisms, a dual actuating release can be used with a central handle 120 that can be twisted or pivoted, for example in one embodiment by one hand of a user, in one actuating mode to simultaneously release the hinges 100, 102.

Alternatively or additionally, respective hinge releases such as push button releases 122, 124 can be actuated (e.g., depressed) to release the respective hinges 100, 102.

A lower load carrying support portion or shelf 140 can also be included in the bicycle trailer. In the Fig. 1 example, support portion or shelf 140 comprises a generally "U" shaped platform frame comprising first and second leg portions 142, 144 and a cross member portion 146. A first end portion of support leg 142, spaced from cross member 146, can be coupled to the lower end of frame member or portion 92, or to a cross member or other structure of the frame. The end portion of support leg 144, spaced from cross member 146, can similarly be coupled to the lower end of frame member or portion 94, or to a cross member or other support structure. Respective hinges 150, 152 are desirably used to couple the support 140, and more specifically the respective legs 142, 144, to the trailer so as to permit collapsing or folding of the support structure, such as about a transverse shelf pivot axis and toward the lower frame portion 90. Less desirably, the shelf can be in a fixed position or eliminated. Hinges 150, 152 are desirably provided with a lock and release mechanism that can be actuated to permit the relative folding of these components. When unfolded as shown in Fig. 1, the support structure 140 in one embodiment can be locked or retained, such as by limit stops or hinge locks (not shown), at a desirable angle, such as γ (gamma) shown in Fig. 5. The angle γ can be varied, with 90 degrees being one illustrative example. A release mechanism is desirably provided to permit selective releasing of the lower shelf hinges 150 and 152 and folding of the support or shelf structure 140 toward the frame body portion 90. Release mechanisms such as described above can be used. Alternatively, a tension application mechanism, such as, a cable release mechanism as described below, can be coupled to each of the lower hinge locks such that, when actuated, the cable release mechanism (which, in an alternative form, be an elongated release other than a cable release) releases the shelf locks to permit folding of the lower support. A prop or stand, such as a kick stand 160 pivoted to cross member 146, can be coupled to the cable so as to operate as an actuator. Pivoting of the stand or prop 160 can actuate the release by causing the cable to release the hinges 150, 152 and permit folding of the support structure 140 against the lower frame 90. The details of exemplary cable based release mechanisms are described below in connection with Figs. 34-38. Alternatively, the cable release (see Fig. 1) can be coupled to the trailer without engaging the prop 160 for actuation by pulling on the shelf release cable.

Trailer wheels 164, 166 are pivoted to the frame for pivoting about a transverse axis which desirably passes through a cross member or axle at the lower ends of the frame side elements 90, 92. The wheels can be detachably mounted to the frame, such as using a conventional ball lock release mechanism. This allows the wheels to be detached from the frame and stored (such as between the support 150 and lower frame components 90 when the support is folded toward the lower frame components or inserted into wheel retainers such as into openings through wheel receiving ears or flanges 721, 721 A (Fig. 34) for storage. An example of a suitable detachable wheel coupler is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,596,554.

A skin 170 is desirably attached to the frame components to provide a load supporting surface and to also protect any load (e.g., luggage such as carrying bags, duffle bags or the like) carried by the trailer from spray and dirt kicked up by the wheel 12 as it revolves. Durable materials, such as fabric, can be used for the skin 170. A particularly desirable material is a polymer with low density polyethylene of the type conventionally used in snow shoes being an example. In Fig. 1 , the skin 170 is shown terminating below the handle 72, and thus below the hinges 60, 62. Consequently, the skin does not interfere with the operation of these hinges.

Respective skin cutouts 174, 176 are provided in the skin adjacent to the hinges 100, 102 to provide clearance for folding of the frame at these locations and without interference by the skin. Cutouts can also be used if the skin is extended above the hinges 60, 62. In addition, a central cutout 178 is provided in a position overlying the handle 120 to provide access to the handle through the cutout 178. A flexible cover (not shown) can also be provided to block the rear side of any opening in the skin that accommodates release actuating handle 120.

A plurality of load tie downs, such as attachment mounts or attachment projections can be provided in the illustrated embodiment of a trailer. Other tie down or mounting mechanisms can be used, but the mechanisms shown in Fig. 1 are desirable. As shown in Fig. 3 (see also Figs. 15 and 16), an exemplary tie down mount or luggage connector 190 comprises a head portion 196 of enlarged cross sectional dimension, such as being of a circular cross section, together with a shank portion 198 of a reduced cross sectional dimension, such as of a reduced diameter. Luggage to frame connectors can interfit with these tie downs or luggage connectors 190 to securely and detachably mount the luggage, such as containers or bags, to the frame. In general, exemplary frame connectors can comprise a body with a first opening of sufficient cross sectional dimension to fit over the head 196 of the projection 190 in combination with a slot portion of a reduced cross sectional dimension positioned to receive the shank portion 198 of the luggage connector when the frame connector is positioned in place. Tension on the frame connectors, such as due to the weight of the luggage, maintains the shank portion in the connector slot and prevents the luggage to frame connector from separating from the projection at undesirable times. The tie down members 190 can be fastened in place using rivets, although bolts or other forms of fasteners, or securing approaches (e.g., welding) can be used. Desirably, plural rows of vertically spaced apart luggage connectors 190 are provided on the trailer frame components. For example, in Fig. 1, four rows of the tie downs, each having two luggage connectors 190, are provided with the luggage connectors of each row being positioned at opposite sides of the trailer frame.

Plural interchangeable luggage items can be provided with frame connectors for selective mounting to the frame mounted luggage connectors.

An exemplary hitch is shown in Fig. 2 that can be coupled to the bicycle by a hitch mount. On form of a hitch mount comprises a seat post clamp 210 comprising first and second clamp sections 212, 214 designed to be fastened together, such as by threaded fasteners 216, 218, to secure the clamp to the seat post 16. Clamp section 214 can comprise a rearwardly extending support or platform portion 224 to which an upright pin 226 can be mounted, such as to an upper surface of the platform. The illustrated hitch comprises a coupler 230 that comprises a first opening 234 extending through the coupler from the bottom to the top thereof and in a position to receive the pin 226 when the trailer hitch is mounted to the hitch mount or clamp. The coupler 230 can be coupled to the tow arm member 32. For example, a second end portion of the coupler 230 (not visible in Fig. 2) can extend inwardly into an adjacent (hollow) end of tow arm member 32 and can be secured to the tow arm member by a fastener 240, such as a bolt and associated nut. A retainer 244, which can comprise a spring element, is positioned above the upper surface of the coupler 230 to retain the coupler on the pin after it has been placed thereon.

Retainer 244 can be moved to provide clearance to permit the positioning of the coupler on, and removal of the coupler from, the pin when desired. If the bicycle is traveling in a straight direction down a roadway, as indicated by the number 250 in Fig. 2, with this hitch assembly the trailer also travels straight and a vertical plane through the longitudinal center line of the trailer is aligned with the direction 250 of travel of the bicycle.

Desirably, the hitch of Fig. 2 is comprised of a coupler 230 that tortionally resists any twisting of the tow bar as a trailer is towed. For example, if the right wheel of the trailer of Fig. 1 raises up relative to the left wheel (e.g., because it hits a bump in the road or changes elevation relative to the left wheel), the coupler 230 provides a torsional force that tends to urge the right wheel of the trailer back down to resist potential tipping of the trailer caused by the wheel lifting. In a desirable embodiment, the greater the twisting, the greater the opposed torsional force. That is, in a desirable example, the resistance to twisting progressively increases with the amount of twisting at a rate of from about 0.75 to 2.1 inch lbs per degree with a more specifically desirable example being 1.8 inch lbs per degree. In a specific example, coupler 230 comprises a polymer material, and more desirable polyester having a Durometer of from 45 to 65 on the Shore D scale, with a Durometer of 55D being a particular desirable example for a coupler having a spacing between connector 240 and pin 226 of about thirty millimeters. With this construction, in response to any rolling of the trailer, the coupling 230 twists and counters the rolling. This hitch system or hitch assembly may be used as a sole means of providing stability or less desirably in combination with hard stops. This should be contrasted to hitches with rigid mechanical connections and stops that create hard limits to the twisting of a coupler, which can actually add to the instability of the trailer, particularly when the trailer is being towed by a hitch connected to a bicycle at a location above the wheel 12. Additional information concerning exemplary hitch constructions is found below in connection with the description of Figs. 18-30. Although less desirable, other alternative forms of hitches can be used, (e.g., with or without flex couplings) for bicycle trailers as disclosed herein.

Fig. 4 is a view of the trailer shown in Fig. 1 , looking toward the trailer from a position behind the bicycle. Fig. 5 is a side view of a "skinless" trailer of the Fig. 1 form.

Fig. 6 is a respective rear view of a "skinless" trailer of Fig. 1 with the stand or prop 160 shown in a deployed or down position, and with the towing components 30 shown folded toward the undersurface of the upper portion 40 of the trailer 10. As one can see from Fig. 6, when in this position the trailer frame components 40, 90 can be substantially vertical when supported by prop 160. Prop 160 can have one or more wheels or casters (not shown) at a distal end portion thereof to facilitate wheeling of the trailer when in this position.

Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate respective front and side views of the trailer of Fig. 1 in a fully collapsed condition, and with the wheels 164, 166 removed and stowed between frame portion 90 and the folded support portion 140. Wheel storing members, such as ears or flanges 721, 721A (Fig. 34) projecting outwardly from the corner regions of support frame member 146 and with respective wheel axle receiving openings can be provided. In such a case, the axles of the removed wheels can respectively be inserted into the respective openings to store the wheels. As another option, the wheels can simply be stored loosely and separately.

Figs. 9 and 10 are additional views of an exemplary embodiment of a trailer with Fig. 9 corresponding to a rear view of the trailer shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 10 corresponding to the position of the trailer with a shelf 140 deployed and with the tow arm and frame sections in collapsed or stowed positions. In the embodiments of Figs. 9, the skin is comprised of first and second skin sections with the first section being coupled to the upper frame section 40 and the second skin section being coupled to the lower frame section 90. When in the position shown in Figs. 9 or 10, the trailer can easily be used as a stroller or as a luggage cart.

Fig. 11 illustrates a large duffel bag 300 coupled by straps, some being numbered as 302, to the frame of trailer 10. The straps can have frame connectors mounted thereto for connection to luggage connectors of the trailer frame (see Figs. 15 and 16). Fig. 12 illustrates the trailer of Fig. 11 in an upright position with the trailer being supported by prop 160 in comparison to Fig. 11 wherein the trailer is shown in one position that it can be in when being towed by a bicycle. Fig. 12 illustrates a trailer 10 with upper and lower luggage bags 310, 320 coupled to the trailer, and with the trailer being shown in an upright position. Fig. 13 illustrates yet another configuration of luggage bags 330, 340 coupled to a trailer 10 that is positioned in an upright orientation. Fig. 14 illustrates a bag coupled to the trailer and covered by a rain cover 350. The rain cover 350 can be stored in a pouch 352 coupled to an upper portion of the frame of the trailer, with the rain cover being, for example, withdrawn from the pouch (but optionally remaining connected thereto) to overlie the bag when in use. Interchangeable luggage such as shown in these figures, and variations thereof, can be provided for use with the bicycle trailer.

Figs. 15 and 16 illustrate an exemplary frame connecter 360 that can be used to couple a luggage bag, such as bag 300, to luggage connectors or tie downs 190 of the trailer. In this case, the luggage bag is coupled to frame components of the trailer 10, such as to frame member 50. In the embodiment of Fig. 15, the frame connector 360 is coupled to a strap 366, which in turn is anchored (e.g., by sewing or other fastening methods, or loosely wrapped around the luggage or inserted through luggage loops in the luggage), to the bag 300. The illustrated frame connector comprises a first opening 362, that can be of a generally circular configuration in this example, that is of a first cross sectional dimension. The first cross sectional dimension in this example is greater than the cross sectional dimension of the head 196 of the projection or luggage connector 190. The frame connector 360 also comprises a second opening, such as a slot 364, of a smaller cross sectional dimension than the cross sectional dimension of the opening 362 and that communicates with the first opening. The cross sectional dimension of slot 364 in this example is also less than the cross sectional dimension of the head portion 196 of luggage connector or projection 190, but greater than the cross sectional dimension of the shank portion 198 of the luggage connector 190.

In this example a strap 366 can be pulled in a direction that aligns opening 362 with the head 196 of luggage connector 190. The frame connector 360 can then be placed over the head and pulled to position the shank 198 within slot 364.

Tension, such as by gravity due to the weight of the luggage bag 300, retains the frame connector 360 in this position on the associated luggage connector 190 until such time as the tension is relieved and the connector is removed from projection 190. Fig. 16 illustrates the frame connector 360 in a connecting position, with the shank of the luggage connector or projection 190 received within the slot of the frame connector 360. A plurality of these projections 190 can be provided on the upper frame 40 (such as one or more, or the illustrated two on each side of the upper frame portion 40 in spaced apart rows as shown in Fig. 1), one or more projections 190 on each side of the lower frame 90 of the trailer, and one or more projections 190, such as two projections 190, on the support portion 140. By providing luggage with corresponding straps and frame connectors, various bag configurations can be coupled to the trailer in a convenient manner for towing with the trailer when the trailer is moved. Other forms of connectors can alternatively be used. In addition, although less desirable, ropes or other straps can simply be tied to the frame components of the trailer to secure baggage and other loads to the trailer.

Fig. 17 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a frame for a bicycle trailer without any skin or backing mounted to the frame for convenience in illustrating an exemplary trailer structure. Although less desirable, these figures also illustrate a structure that can be employed in the event a user does not desire the backing or skin material. The backing material can be detachably mounted to the frame (e.g., by hook and eye fabric such as sold under the trademark Velcro) or permanently mounted, such as by rivets, adhesive, or by other types of fasteners, as desired. In the embodiment of Fig. 17, elements in common with the corresponding elements of Figs. 1 - 10 are given the same numbers and will not be discussed further. Figs. 18-30 illustrate exemplary hitch and hitch mount mechanisms for a trailer of the type shown in Fig. 1. Elements in common with those shown in Fig. 2 have been given the same numbers as in Fig. 2. In some cases a "prime" [']has been used to indicate a corresponding element having a different configuration from the element shown in Fig. 2, but the lack of a "prime" designation does not mean that the elements are necessarily identical to those shown in Fig. 2.

With reference to Figs. 18-20, a flexible coupling 230 permits the desired motion (steering, pitch and roll) while restricting the range of undesired motion. This can be achieved through the configuration of the pivot axes and fastening points through the coupler and also by selecting material for the coupler that has a desired flex or torsional load resistance. In one specifically desirable example, the coupler 230 is oriented with its long axis approximately parallel to the roll axis of the bicycle. The coupler in one embodiment is permitted to rotate freely about hitch pin 226 to allow unrestricted motion in the steering axis (within limits of the steering capabilities of the bicycle) and also flexes to allow flexible motion in the pitch and roll axes. The coupler 230, in this example, accommodates relative changes in pitch between the bicycle and trailer by bending. The coupler 230 accommodates variations in roll angle between the trailer and bicycle through twisting about its long axis.

Limited motion between the bicycle and trailer in the roll axis is desirable to allow both wheels of the trailer to stay in contact with the ground when the bicycle leans during cornering. Excessive motion in the roll axis is undesirable because the roll axis is the unstable axis of the trailer. Typical lean angles of a bicycle when cornering do not exceed 35° from vertical in either direction. It is desirable to restrict the relative angle between the bicycle and trailer about the roll axis to no more than the angle that the bicycle leans when turning.

The orientation of the coupler 230 allows the resistance to relative roll between the trailer and bicycle to be controlled by specifying or selecting a desirable twist resistance of the coupler 230. Twist resistance of the coupler can be controlled, for example, by varying the durometer of the material that the coupler is made from and or by changing the distance between the coupler mounting holes through which hitch pin 226 and screw 240 pass. As the coupler of the form shown is twisted, the coupler provides progressively increasing resistance to further twisting, avoiding forceful rebound of other systems. In one desirable example, a spring rate of 1.8 inch pounds per degree of rotation allows desirable leaning of the bicycle while restricting excessive rotation of the trailer that would result in unstable motion.

With reference to Fig. 18, a hitch 20 is shown with a coupler 230 having a pin receiving opening 234 aligned with and receiving a generally upright pivot pin 226 projecting upwardly from a platform or base portion 224 (see Fig. 19) of clamp element 214. The pin receiving end portion of the coupler is retained in position by a retainer 244'. In this example, retainer 244' is pivoted by a fastener 382, which may be threaded into, or otherwise secured to, clamping element 214 so as to permit pivoting of retainer 244' about the axis of fastener 382. Fastener 382 may be tightened sufficiently such that pivoting motion of retainer 244' is resisted. The retainer can be pivoted by a user to shift it to an unlocking position to permit removal of the trailer from the clamp. Alternatively, detentes, biasing mechanisms such as springs or elastic, or tie downs can be used as the retainer or to selectively retain the retainer 244' in the locking position.

The pin 226 in this exemplary embodiment allows free pivoting movement of the trailer about the axis of pin 226 in the direction τ (tau) shown in Fig. 18 such that the trailer can pivot about this axial or axis direction as the bicycle is steered. This pivoting movement is unrestricted by the hitch in this example. With reference to Figs. 19 and 24, the coupler 230 can be angled. A first portion of the coupler (392, Fig. 24) can have an axis (388, Fig. 24) aligned with the longitudinal axis of the tow arm member 32, which can comprise a tube having a hollow end portion that receives the corresponding end portion of the coupler 230. The opposite end of the coupler can be angled upwardly. For example, this end of the coupler can have a longitudinal axis (390, Fig. 24) that is angled upwardly relative to the axis 388 and the axis of the tow arm member 32 such that the opening 234 is aligned with the axis of pin 226. Pitch differences between pin 226 and the trailer can be accommodated by this angled coupler. Alternatively, pitch differences can be accommodated by the flex of the coupling 230. In addition, the opening 234 through coupler 230 can be elongated in the direction 400 aligned with the longitudinal center line of the bicycle and trailer when the trailer and bicycle are aligned so as to define a pin receiving slot that allows or accommodates pitch differences between a bicycle and trailer. For example, as shown in Fig. 21 A, in the fore/aft or longitudinal direction 250, the slot 234 can have wider upper and lower openings and in effect can be deemed to be of an hour glass shape. This shape accommodates relative tilting of the trailer and bicycle in the pitch or Θ direction (Fig. 19). In contrast, in the example of Fig. 21B, in a direction transverse or perpendicular to direction 250, the slot 234 can have a dimension that is substantially the same as or slightly greater than the corresponding cross sectional dimension of the pin 226. As a result, the flex coupler twists to resist rolling of the trailer without the pin being allowed to travel any significant distance relative to the slot before torsional resistance to rolling motion of the trailer is applied by the coupler 230. The flexibility of the coupler, the optional use of an angled coupler, and the optional use of an elongated slot, accommodates pitch differences (see angle Θ, in Fig. 19) between the tongue of the trailer and the bicycle.

With reference to Fig. 19, it should be noted that retainer 244' can comprise a projecting portion having an arcuate or otherwise shaped cutout portion 380 that permits the retainer 244' to be pivoted to a position overlying the coupler 230 with an edge of the cutout bearing against a side edge of the pin. Alternatively, the pin 234 can be shorter than the coupler so that the retainer 244' can overlie the entire opening 234, if desired. The retainer 244' can be biased, such as by a spring (not shown) to the trailer retention position.

With reference to Fig. 20, the flexible coupling 230 of this example resists twisting in the direction of angle Ω (omega) about the longitudinal axis of the coupler (or the portion of the coupler inserted into or coupled to the trailer tow arm). That is, twisting about an axis aligned with the trailer tow arm member (which corresponds to the direction of travel 400 when the bicycle and trailer are being towed in a straight line) is resisted by the coupler. In a desirable hitch embodiment, the greater the twist out of alignment (the greater the Ω) in either direction, the greater the torsional load applied by the coupler 230 in resistance to the twisting that urges the trailer back to its desired orientation. This progressively increasing torsional load in resistance to twisting in the Ω directions substantially increases the stability of a trailer towed by towing arm coupled to a bicycle at an elevation that is above the rear axle of the vehicle, such as to a seat post or mounting rack at an elevated location of a bicycle frame above the bicycle wheel.

Figs. 21, 22 and 23 illustrate a trailer hitching sequence. A trailer is shown detached from a bicycle in Fig. 21. The coupler 230 is shown installed on a pin 226 of a mount connected to the seat post of a bicycle in Fig. 22. Finally, the coupler 230 is shown in a fully installed position in Fig. 23 with retainer 244' in the trailer retaining position.

Fig. 24 is an exploded view of the exemplary hitch 20 shown in Figs. 18-23.

In this example, the coupler 230 is provided with a shoulder 386 to limit the extent of insertion of the coupler into a hollow end of the tow arm member 32. In addition, axes 388 and 390 are indicated in this figure. In this example, axes 388 is aligned with the axis of towing arm coupling portion 392 of the coupler and axis 390 is aligned with the longitudinal axis of a pin receiving portion 394 of the coupler. In alternative embodiments, a straight coupler can be used, for example, with or without a shoulder. Figs. 25, 26, 26A, 26B and 26C illustrate an embodiment with a straight coupler. Elements in Figs. 25, 26, 26A, 26B and 26C in common with those of the embodiment of Figs. 18-24 have been assigned the same numbers for convenience.

In the embodiment of Fig. 25, the mount comprises a pin supporting platform 24 from which flex coupler supporting pin 226 extends in an upright, (such as a vertical) direction. The platform 224 in this embodiment is supported to position an upper coupler supporting surface of the platform in a substantially horizontal plane 385. The upper coupler supporting surface is planar in this example. The platform 224 is supported by clamping portion 214 that is angled relative to the longitudinal axis 383 of a bicycle seat post 16, such as by an angle Δ shown in Fig. 25 between a line 387 perpendicular to the seat post axis 383 and the line 385 along the upper surface of the platform 224. This angle is selected or determined so that the upper surface of platform 224 is desirably horizontal when clamp number 214 is mounted to a conventional bicycle seat post. This example facilitates the use of a hitch with a flex coupling lacking the angles shown in the embodiment of Fig. 24 and thus more readily accommodates the use of a straight flex coupling such as shown in Figs. 26, 26A, 26B and 26C. In addition, the coupling of these latter figures can utilize a right cylindrical opening for receiving pin 226 with the flex coupling

accommodating relative pitch changes between the bicycle and towed trailer without utilizing any elongated or hourglass shaped pin receiving slot (although such a slot can be used). The embodiment of Fig. 25 is provided to illustrate yet another exemplary form of flex coupling that can be used.

Figs. 26, 26A, 26B and 26C illustrate this exemplary coupler in greater detail. In this embodiment, the opening through the coupler portion 392 that receives a bolt or fastener 240 (see Fig. 40) is indicated at 393. In addition, the spacing between the center 395 of opening 393 and the center 397 of opening 234 (that receives pin 226 in Fig. 40) is indicated by the letter D. The distance D can be adjusted to vary the torsional force applied by the coupling to resist tipping of the trailer. For a coupler comprising or consisting of polyester having a durometer of 55 on the Shore D scale, an exemplary distance can be about 30 mm to achieve a torsional resistance of about 1.8 inch lbs per degree of rolling or twisting about the longitudinal axis of the coupling. A desirable resistance is from 0.75 inch lbs per degree of rotation to 2.1 inch lbs per degree of rotation. In the embodiment of Figs. 26, 26A, 26B and 26C, as best seen in Fig. 26C, material can be removed from the coupler, such as by boring a circular bore hole into the coupler base 392, or molding a coupler with the desired quantity of removed material. The amount of torsional resistance provided by the coupler can be controlled by varying the amount of material that is removed.

Fig. 27 illustrates an alternative form of hitch that differs from the hitch shown in Figs. 18-25. In the embodiment of Fig. 27, the coupler 230' comprises an enlarged end portion 409 having a pin receiving opening extending therethrough in a generally upright orientation. A coupler receiving mount 407 in this embodiment comprises a leg portion 411 mounted, such as by a clamp 412, to the bicycle seat post 16. Alternatively, clamp 412 can couple the mount to a frame portion, such as frame portion 415, of the bicycle. The illustrated mount has a channel defined between lower and upper leg portions 414, 416 of the mount that are separated from one another by a base portion 413 comprising an extension of portion 411. A pin 226 extends through legs 414, 416 and can be selectively retained in place, such as by a removable spring retainer 410. With this construction, twisting of the coupler in the direction of Ω shown in Fig. 36 is resisted by both the resilience of the coupler material 230' and by forces applied by leg portions 414, 416 to the respective lower and upper surfaces of the coupler 230' in response to any such twisting.

Figs. 28-30 illustrate yet another embodiment of a hitch that differs from the embodiments disclosed in Figs. 18-25. In the embodiment of Figs. 28-30, a coupler mount 440 comprises a base portion 442 having an arcuate surface 444 that is positioned against an adjacent or abutting surface of a seat post 16. Respective spaced apart legs 446, 448 define a channel 450 therebetween into which an enlarged end 452 of a coupler 230" extends. In this embodiment, a generally horizontal pivot axis extends through enlarged end 452 of the coupler and through legs 446, 448. For example, the pivot axis can be defined by a pivot pin 460 (Fig. 29) extending through leg 446, end portion 452 of coupler 230", and through leg portion 448. A clamp 462 holds the mount 440 in place. In this example, clamp 462 comprises a band 464 extending from leg 446, around the seat post 16, and fastened to a tightening mechanism 468. For example, band 464 may be wrapped around a tightening post 470 and secured in position, such as by rivets, one being indicated at 472 in Fig. 28. A threaded bolt 472 is secured to post 470 and passes through a flange extension 480 at the distal end of mount leg 448. A nut 482 engages the free or distal end of bolt 472 and is threaded thereon and tightened to clamp the clamp band 464 against the bicycle seat post 16. This construction is less desirable if unrestricted pivoting in the steering direction is not allowed because the towed trailer is not as free to pivot in the direction of τ shown in Fig. 18. Nevertheless, the hitch still functions as flexing of the coupler 230" allows some movement in the direction of τ for steering of the trailer. Motion in the direction Θ of Fig. 35 is freely permitted in the structure of Figs. 28-30 because of the generally horizontal direction of the axis of the pivot pin 460. Again, pivoting in the direction of Ω shown in Fig. 20 is resisted by the coupler as previously explained. In addition, additional resistance to such pivoting arises from forces exerted by the legs 446, 448 against adjoining end surfaces of the enlarged end portion 452 of the coupler in response to twisting in the direction Ω. As an alternative, opening 234A can receive an upright pivot pin 453 with coupler 230" positioned between upper and lower flange 455, 457 of a coupler 459 connected to tow arm member 32. Connector 459 can include a mounting projection 461 extending rearwardly from a base portion 463 of the connector that joins flanges 455, 457. In this construction, the towed trailer is also free to pivot in the steering direction τ about pin 453 (Fig. 18) and can also pivot in the pitch direction Θ (Fig. 19) about the axis of pin 460 (Fig. 29).

With reference to Fig. 31 , exemplary hinge actuators and hinges 60, 62 and 100, 102 are illustrated. Hinges 60 and 62 can be mirror images of one another. In addition, the actuator for hinges 60, 62 and the actuator for hinges 100, 102 can be identical. For these reasons, only the hinges 60, 62 and the actuator for hinges 60 and 62 are described in detail. For convenience, elements in common in these hinges are identified in the figures by the same number, but with the suffix A for components of hinge 60; with the suffix B for components of hinge 62; with the suffix C for components of the hinge 100; and with the suffix D for components of the hinge 102.

With reference to Fig. 31 , hinge 60 comprises a hinge cap 500A with an outer face 501 A and an opening 502A extending inwardly through the hinge cap. A generally cylindrical projection 504A extends inwardly from the back surface 506A of the hinge cap 500A. The hinge cap 500A is provided with first and second locking member receiving slots, only one of which is shown in Fig. 31 and indicated by the number 508A. However, two such slots 508B and 510B are shown in Fig. 31 in the cylinder 504B of end cap 500B of the hinge 62. Hinge 60 also comprises an outer hinge member 520A comprising a body portion 522A having a central opening 524A through which the end cap 504A is inserted. The outer hinge member 520A also comprises a frame member receiving portion 526A having an opening 528A sized and shaped to receive an upper end portion 50A of side frame member 50. In the same manner, outer hinge portion 520B has a frame receiving portion 526B with an opening 528B sized and shaped to receive an upper end portion 52A of frame member 52. The interior surface 530A of outer hinge member 520A defines lock mating elements, such as locking slots, positioned to selectively lock the towing frame components and intermediate frame components relative to one another at respective folded and towing positions. In Fig. 31, outer hinge member 520B is shown (when in this position) with an upper slot 532B and first and second lower slots 534B and 536B. The positioning of these slots can be varied, together with modifying a locking element, to change the locking positions. More than two locking positions can be included if desired. Similar slots 532A, 534A and 536A are shown in Fig. 31 for outer hinge member 520A.

The illustrated hinge also comprises an inner hinge member 550 A comprising a central body portion 552 A having a base 554 A through which a central opening 556A passes. Hinge portion 550A also comprises a frame receiving portion 558 A having an opening 560 A sized and shaped to receive a lower end portion 34A of frame member 34. Similarly, a frame receiving portion 558B of inner hinge member 550B has an opening 560B sized and shaped to receive a lower end portion 36A of frame member 36. A hinge lock 570A is also included in the hinge assembly. In the illustrated embodiment, hinge lock 570A comprises a body portion 572A having an inwardly extending stem or projection 574A with an opening 576A extending through body 572A and through the stem 574A. Hinge lock 570A also comprises first and second locking projections such as locking flanges 580A and 582A projecting outwardly from the periphery of lock body 572A. Projections 580A and 582A are radially positioned (such as at predetermined angular positions about the axis about which the hinges 60, 62 pivot) relative to one another about a longitudinal axis through body 572A for alignment with respective slots 532A and either slot 534A or 536A depending upon the rotational position of the locking member 570A. For example, when the towing and intermediate frame components are locked in a towing position, projection 580A is positioned within slot 532A and projection 582A is positioned in slot 536A. In contrast, when the towing frame components and tow arm 30 are folded against the intermediate frame section 40 and locked in this position, locking element 580A is positioned within slot 534A and locking element 582A is positioned in slot 532A. A biasing member, such as a coil spring 590 A positioned on stem 574A and bearing against surface 554 A of inner hinge member 550 A, biases and urges the locking member 570A toward the interior surface 530 A of outer hinge 520A and toward the hinge locking position. Hinge elements 550A and 520A can be secured together by fasteners such as 592A. When assembled together, the outer hinge 520A and inner hinge 550A can pivot relative to one another whenever locking member 570A is not in a locked position.

A user can insert his or her finger, or an object, through opening 502A or simply push on a push button defined by end cap 500A to shift locking member 570A away from a locked position to permit relative movement of these hinge members (assuming the user is also shifting the locking member 570B away from its locked position by inserting a finger or other object through the opening 502B in cap 500B or pressing on end cap 500B to depress the locking member 570B. A cross member 600 is provided in this embodiment and can comprise a hollow tube 601, which can be of a right cylindrical configuration with respective end flanges 602 and 604 mounted thereto. Inner hinge member 550A is mounted to flange 602 and inner hinge member 550B is mounted to flange 604 by fasteners (not shown).

Desirably a lock actuator is provided for simultaneously actuating both lock members 570A, 570B without requiring the lock members to be depressed by a user's finger or other object inserted through or using the end caps. In one desirable form, an elongated tensioning member such as a cable (not shown in Fig. 31) can extend through locking member 570A, and more specifically through opening 576A, and through the inner hinge member 550 A, and more specifically through opening 556A of the inner hinge member. The cable can also extend through an opening 610 through the center of cross member 601 and exit through the cross member 601 through an opening (not shown in Fig. 31). A similar cable can engage locking member 570B and pass through opening 576B, opening 556B and through an opening through flange 604 to the interior of cross member 601, and exit through an opening (not shown) in the cross member. A latch actuator, in this example comprising a twist grip or handle 70 (also shown in Fig. 1) including a lower portion 70B (Fig. 31) and an upper portion 70A is provided. The twist grip is free to pivot about cross member 601 and thereby, for example, about the transverse axis through the hinges 60, 62. The actuator can alternatively pivot about other axes (such as rotate about an axis that is perpendicular to the transverse axis) or otherwise move to selectively move tensioning members in appropriate directions to release the locks or permit locking of the locks. The aforementioned cables can be secured to the twist grip, for example, by fasteners or a fastening mechanism located in the twist grip portion 70B. When the twist grip portions are assembled onto the cross member 601, pivoting the twist grip draws the cables inwardly and retracts or pulls the respective lock members 570A, 570B against the biasing of the springs 590 A, 590B and out of locking engagement with the outer hinge members 520A, 520B. When the twist grip is released, the biasing springs urge the locking members outwardly toward the respective outer hinges where they can again reengage locking slots after the components are folded or unfolded to their desired positions. The operation of these cables and actuator will become more apparent from the drawings below.

In Fig. 32, a continuous cable 605 is shown with stops 607 A, 607B at respective ends. The stops can be positioned to engage the locking members 570A, 570B while allowing the locking members to lock the hinge elements against relative pivoting when the handle is in a first position. The cable exits opening openings 609 A, 609B from the interior of cross member 601 and into the handle 70. The cable can rest within a channel 611 defined within the handle or otherwise be secured to the handle. To protect the cable, components such as guide tubes 613 A, 613B and 615 (comprising Teflon® or other suitable material) can be positioned at locations where the cable is subjected to wear. With this construction, twisting the handle 79 from a first rest position applies tension to both end portions of the cable and withdraws the lock members 570A, 570B against the biasing forces applied by springs 590A, 590B to unlocked positions. Releasing the handle allows the handle to move in the opposite direction with the biasing forces urging the lock members to their locking positions.

Fig. 32 also illustrates a twist grip section 70B with a central channel 644 (a similar channel being provided in twist grip section 70A) within which a guide 645, such as a bolt , screw or pin mounted to cross member 601, is positioned upon assembly of the twist grips. As a result, the guide 645 restricts axial or sliding movement of the actuators 70 along the supporting cross member 601 while permitting rotation of the twist grip about the axis of the cross member. Suitable fasteners, such as bolts or other fasteners, can be used to interconnect the twist grip components. In the embodiment of Fig. 33, the lower twist grip portion 70B is shown in position on the cross member 601. In this embodiment, the tensioning member comprises an actuating cable comprising first and second cable sections or portions 624A, 624B. Fig. 33 illustrates an end portion of cable 624A secured to twist grip portion 70B by fastener 620A and an end portion of cable 624B secured to twist grip section 70B by fastener 620B. In this example, the fasteners 620A, 620B can comprise bolts or screws. Throughout this entire disclosure, the referenced fasteners can be of any suitable type and are not limited to the described examples.

When twist grip 70 is rotated, the cables draw the lock members 270A, 270B inwardly to release the lock members to permit movement of the frame and tow arm components relative to one another. Fig. 1 illustrates the hinges 60, 62, 100 and 102 in an assembled state with their respective latch actuators 70 (for hinges 60, 62) and 120 (for hinges 100, 102). Pivoting of twist grip 120, assuming the same actuator is used as described in connection with actuator 70, operates in the same manner to lock and unlock hinges 100, 102 to permit and prevent relative pivoting of the upper end lower frame sections. Hinges 100, 102 can also incorporate push button actuated locking/unlocking mechanisms operable independently of the actuator 120 and of one another, as explained above for the tow arm to frame locking/unlocking mechanism.

Other forms of locking/unlocking mechanisms can be used. For example, less desirably either the individual hinge locking/unlocking mechanisms or the common hinge locking/unlocking mechanism that simultaneously unlocks both hinges can be eliminated. Single pin locks or stops can also be used, but these are less desirable.

Support structure 140 and an exemplary actuator therefore, in an

embodiment wherein the support structure is not fixed (although it could be in a fixed position) is shown in Figs. 34-38. With reference to Figs. 34-38, a lower support structure 140 is illustrated. A prop or leg 160 has a cushion 650 coupled to one end portion thereof. A coupler 652 is shown that can have a first opening 654 for receiving the end of leg 160 opposite to the cushioned end. The coupler 652 also comprises a mounting portion 656 having an opening 658 through which a cross bar or cross member 146 of the support structure can be passed to mount the coupler and leg 160 to the support structure. A bolt, pin or other fastener 660 can be used to fasten coupler 652 to the leg 160. The coupler also can comprise an arcuate groove 668 communicating with passageway 658 and extending partially about the longitudinal axis of passageway 658 for engaging a guide, as explained below, to allow rotation or pivoting of the leg 160 relative to cross member 146 while preventing the leg from shifting axially along the cross member.

A wheel pin or axle receiving cross piece 680 is also shown in Fig. 34. Cross piece 680 can be hollow so as to receive axle supporting end pieces 672, 674 in the respective ends thereof. The end pieces can be configured to receive wheel supporting stub axles.

The illustrated hinge 150 for support structure 146 comprises a body 684 having an opening 686 extending therethrough with a cross member receiving receptacle 688 projecting inwardly from the body and toward the cross member 680 in Fig. 34. The hinge body 684 also comprises an upwardly extending receptacle 690 having an opening 692 configured to receive a lower end portion 92 A of frame side member 92. A pin or fastener receiving opening 694 extends through the receptacle 692 and is aligned with an opening 696 through frame end portion 92A when these components are assembled such that a bolt or other fastener can be used to secure the frame member 92 to the hinge 150. The hinge body 684 also comprises first and second spaced apart sidewalls 698, 699 which define an opening 701 therebetween. Opening 701 is generally arcuate in shape and configured so as to receive an upper end portion 142 A of support structure leg 142 in a manner that permits the leg 142 to pivot between lowered and collapsed or folded positions. Openings 700, 702 extend through the respective sidewalls 698, 699 and are aligned with one another so as to be adapted to receive a fastener 703, such as a bolt or other fastener, as explained below.

A plunger 710 and biasing spring 712 can be positioned within the end of the end portion 142A. Plunger 710 can have an elongated slot 714A (Fig. 37) extending therethrough. When assembled, the pin 703 can be inserted through opening 700 in wall 698, through the slot 714, and through the opening 702 in wall 699. A retainer, such as a nut 716, can be used to retain these assembled components in place. A tensioning member such as a cable, not shown in Fig. 34, can be coupled to the plunger 710, (such as by a cable stop 713 A shown engaged to plunger 71 OA in Fig. 37) and can pass through the interior of leg 142 and interior of cross member 146, and through an opening (not shown in Fig. 34) in the cross member 146 to the coupler 652. The cable can be connected to the coupler and to the plunger (see Fig. 38) such that pivoting of the coupler 652, by pivoting prop 160, from a folded to an extended position tightens the cable and moves or shifts the plunger further into the end 142A of leg 142. The spring 712A resists this motion and is backed by a stop 715A press fit or otherwise mounted within leg 144. This movement of the plunger releases the plunger from one of plural cavities, such as detente recesses (752, 764 in Fig. 37), of body 684 so as to permit movement of the structure 140 between a folded or collapsed position and an extended position and vice versa.

Alternatively, an actuating cable, such as in the form of a cable loop 653 extending partially through legs 142, 144 and across the underside of the support or shelf can be used to actuate the shelf releases. The cable loop can be loosely retained (e.g., by a fold of the skin of the trailer) at the underside of the shelf. In this case, tensioning the cable loop actuates the plungers to release the shelf locks. The shelf lock can be constructed in an alternative form to lock the shelf in only one of the two positions (up or down). Less desirably, the shelf lock can be eliminated and one or more stops used to limit the downward movement of the shelf. Hinge 152 can be the mirror image of hinge 150. Consequently, hinge 152 will not be discussed in detail. The suffix A has been used for elements of hinge 152 that correspond to elements of hinge 150. For example, a frame receiver 692A of hinge 152 corresponds to element 692 of hinge 150 and can be configured to receive a lower end portion 94A of frame member 94. In addition, the same suffix A is used for components of the plunger assembly for hinge 152A that are in common with the components for hinge 150.

With reference to Fig. 38, first and second openings 730, 732 through cross member 146 are shown. Plunger actuating cables controlled by prop 160 pass through these respective openings to the respective plungers, as will become more apparent below. With reference to Figs. 36 and 37, a cable 750 is shown coupled to plunger 71 OA. The cable is shown in its untensioned condition so as to allow the end of the plunger 710A to engage a recess 752A defined in the interior of hinge body 684A so that the arm 144 and the shelf structure 140 is retained in its locked and lowered position. Tensioning of cable 750 withdraws plunger 710A from recess 752A, which allows arm 144 and the shelf structure 140 to pivot counter-clockwise in Fig. 36 (in the direction indicated by arrow 760) to allow folding of the shelf structure 140 against the lower frame section of the trailer. When in its folded position, and upon relaxing the tension on cable 750, the end of plunger 710A is urged by biasing spring 712A into a cavity such as a recess or detente 764A so that the arm 144 and shelf structure 140 is held in its collapsed folded position until the plunger is again moved to permit motion of the shelf structure 140.

The prop 160 if coupled to a plunger actuating cable or cable sections or to the cable loop desirably operates to simultaneously unlock both of the shelf hinges 150, 152 if two such locking hinges are used. Cable guides (e.g., sleeves) can guide the cables where they pass through restricted passageways, such as openings through shelf components (e.g., openings 730, 732 in Fig. 38). The cable guides can be threaded to or otherwise be coupled to the cables.

The stops 715, 715A (Fig. 34), for respective insertion into shelf leg end portions 142A and 144A, are shown in dashed lines in Fig. 34. These stops can friction-fit or otherwise be positioned and mounted within the receiving end portions to provide a backstop for the base of the respective springs 712, 712A. The shelf actuating cables can be fed through an opening through these stops.

Fig. 37 illustrates the position of cable stop 713 A within a stop receiving opening provided in the base of the plunger 71 OA. A slot communicates from the stop receiving opening through the bottom of the plunger and to one side of the plunger to permit insertion of the cable therein when the stop 713 A is positioned within the stop receiving opening.

It should be noted in the embodiments illustrated above, the frame components are shown as tubular, a desirable construction. These components may be of circular, rectangular, square or other cross section. A tubular construction reduces the weight of the trailer and is therefore desirable, but is not required.

Typically the frame components are made of a lightweight durable material such as aluminum, although other durable materials, including, but not limited to, steel and carbon reinforced fiberglass, can be used. Having illustrated and described the principles of our invention with reference to a number of exemplary embodiments, it should be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that these embodiments may be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from the inventive concepts disclosed herein. We claim all such modifications that fall within the scope of the following claims.