BIO-AVAILABLE MINERAL FERTILIZER AND DERIVATIVE APPLICATIONS,

INCLUDING PRODUCT PROCESSES

BACKGROUND

Local And Global Issues Include:

1. Soil Nutrient Depletion caused by massive agri-industry leeching out and exhausting nutrient reserves from the earth. This is a result of aggressive growing practices that focus on "chemical inoculated" crops that accelerate plant growth but produce poor nutrient values in their yields. This process is repeated over and over compounding the problem without returning appropriate sustenance to the soil.

2. Soil and Water Contamination from conventional chemical agriculture and polluting industries devastates healthy ecosystems in their ability to support life, which directly leads to poor human and animal health. Soil degradation globally is illustrated in Figure 1.

3. Need for indirect (soil/plant-based) and direct (oral) nutrient and detox supplementation to restore human and animal health and reverse the alarming rise in related diseases and chronic conditions. While organic certified food may be relatively free of toxins it can still be deficient in essential minerals and trace elements.

4. Finding the Solutions to Effectively Support Transition from conventional depleting methods of farming, forestry and watershed management to sustainable and healthier practices while maintaining productive yields and even improving profitability.

5. Educating the public, regulatory officials and industrial sector with ongoing scientific demonstration activities and customer extension services to teach new application methods, ecological health and sustainable land management. What Is Organic Agriculture?

The principles of organic agriculture are to produce food using production methods that emphasize the use of renewable resources, natural minerals and the conservation of soil and water to enhance environmental quality for future generations. Organics also includes the production of nutritious animal feed and aquaculture.

The intent is to promote and enhance agro-ecosystem health through encouraging agricultural production systems to manage their resources cyclically and to maintain soil fertility in the long term while minimizing external inputs and avoiding the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides.

While organic farming is generally preferable to chemical agriculture in many ways, some intensive forms of organic farming using manure and slaughterhouse by-products also contribute to pollution and may have health risks and animal welfare issues. Moreover, composts and other commonly used organic amendments may still not achieve the level of mineralization required for optimal plant growth, nutrient density and resilience.

Impacts of Chemical NPK Fertilizer:

Use of conventional chemical fertilizers in agriculture has contributed to depletion of vital nutrients in food crops, soil acidification and degradation, reliance on toxic pesticides and herbicides, eutrophication of waterways and adverse climate changes. The ecological food web can become seriously compromised, resulting in "dead" rather than "living" soil. Specific impacts include the following: 1. acidity destroys the friability of soil and increases surface compaction

2. increased impermeability prevents rain water from entering the soil

3. acidity adversely affects soil pH which in turn impacts beneficial microorganisms 4. chemicals harm earthworms, the "great aerators and conditioners of the soil"

5. chemicals harm beneficial insects like bees and ladybugs 6. increased plant weakness and diseases through damage to mycorrhizae fungi roots

7. increased fungal and bacterial diseases through excessive NPK and lack of trace elements

8. wasteful chemical leaching into ground water and water bodies

9. agricultural run-off and sprays damage ecological balance and wildlife habitat

10. instant uptake of water-soluble NPK can overwhelm and "burn" plant foliage 11. lower nutritional value and less flavor in fruits, vegetables and other crop

12. adverse impacts on climate, air quality and atmosphere

One of the key objectives of the present invention is to rebuild the foundation of agriculture by restoring soil with a new class of non-toxic, user-friendly Bio-Mineral product lines, with derivative applications in, for example, forestry and watershed management, industrial clean-ups, animal feed and health supplements.

Objectives Also Include:

1. Providing a full spectrum of minerals and other nutrients essential to good health (92+ elements, not just NPK) 2. Improving soil structure/ water retention, remediating toxic contaminants and supporting the ecological food web;

3. Increasing the nutrient uptake density, biofield energy, climate resilience and immune system of plants;

4. Maintaining product purity and safety (organic permitted ingredients and no animal byproducts)

SUMMARY

Applicant's Bio-Minerals are rock and sea nutrients optimally blended with natural biostimulants in powered, granular and liquid applications. The bioavailable composite products are intended to restore soil structure, increase plant yields, neutralize toxic contaminants, protect the ecological food web and replenish vital nutrients. The products are all-natural combinations of macro and trace minerals, microorganisms, carbon-based humic substances and other biostimulants that promote nutritional and energetic health. They are formulated and manufactured so that mineral- rich nutrition is bioavailable to plants in liquid format and in dry powder/granular applications. Food security and nutritional wellness for both people and animals is also enhanced.

The innovation is two-fold, relating to both novel ingredient composition and manufacturing process, with extraordinary range of "utility" or "usefulness" that transcends conventional product categories. Bio-minerals constitute a new category of multi-functional product with a wide range of derivative applications requiring whole systems thinking and interdisciplinary synthesis. This is a novel biochemical and energetic (electromagnetic/ subatomic) process and product by process that accelerates and enhances soil-building and other natural processes which in turn provide whole solutions for agriculture, health and the environment.

A base of powdered rock and seawater minerals provides a full spectrum of macro and micro- nutrients and trace elements (92+ elements is highest potential range). Biological organisms (plants, animals, humans) in order to function at their highest potential require appropriate integration of all these elements, not an overdose of a few macro elements as is done in the application of chemical nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium (NPK) fertilizer. Majority of soil and food on the planet today has become contaminated and depleted of many vital nutrients. In nature, water carries minerals and other beneficial substances in an organic form via carbonic acids that develop as water attracts C0 ₂ from the air, and via. humic/ fulvic acids from runoff through soil and organic vegetative matter. The carbon-based structure of fulvic acid binds with inorganic minerals to create organic acid complexes that are readily bioavailable for uptake by plants and other life-forms (biochemically active and recognizable nutrients). In addition to this important role as a nutrient chelator, fulvic acid also assists with cellular metabolism, restores electrical balance as an electrolyte, scavenges free radicals as an antioxidant, buffers pH, removes heavy metals and binds radioactive substances into neutral molecules. Humic acid also has a range of extraordinary benefits. One aspect of the present invention combines humic/fulvic acid with the full spectrum minerals, and this core blend is made even more potent and effective through incorporating the paramagnetic force of certain volcanic rock types. Paramagnetism is associated with increased soil fertility, amplifying the electrical charge of the plant system, thus enabling the roots and leaves to function and metabolize at a higher rate of activity. _This paramagnetic humic organic- mineral blend is then further combined with a variety of other biostimulants (including soil conditioning bentonite clay, beneficial soil bacteria, root extending VAM fungi, kelp rich in phytohormones, among other ingredients) to create additional synergistic beneficial interactions and optimal bioavailability/ nutrient uptake of the mineral elements.

This may be used to plant growth, natural immunity and resilience to change, as well as improve the condition of the soil and protect the soil food web and larger ecosytem (compared to NPK fertilizer that chemically depletes nutrients, degrades the soil structure, kills beneficial organisms and causes pollution over the long term).

These superior results may be obtained without also relying on animal by-products (ABPs) still common in the organic agricultural industry, which can have adverse health, ethical and environmental impacts.

Inorganic minerals, carbon-based organic materials and microbial inoculants are usually found in the marketplace as separate products. There are some technical production challenges related to combining these ingredients, including microbe heat sensitivity and maintaining their survival and shelf life in powder, granular and liquid formats. Applicant will adapt the manufacturing equipment and process to improve survival and delivery of microbes. Applicant may incorporate them into a granule coating of alginate matrices (or alternatively alginate beads), impregnating microbes into ceramics/ biochar, using molasses as a dietary carbohydrate, and may use other methodologies and carrier substances such as cocopeat, perlite, rice/wheat bran and vennicompost when appropriate.

Some of the product ingredients have known ability to bind or break-down environmental contaminants, and therefore the synergistic benefits should be substantial for remediating toxic soil, restoring natural habitat, purifying water, treating sewage and neutralizing radiation/EMF in our composite product.

Manufacturing process for liquid concentrate will also incorporate vital life force technology (innovative vibrational charger/ subatomic energy activator) that further improves the bioavailability of the core mineral-fulvic complex. This vital force technology imprints subtle energetic information to enhance the cellular functions and to restore harmonious equilibrium of plants, animals and humans. For example, in agricultural applications, the information imprints can be derived from essential mineral types, flowers/herbs, periodic elements and environmental forces that are vital to soil health, aerobic processes of decomposition and root growth. Life force in organisms is manifested as a light emission "biofield", which can be measured with sensitive devices. Applicant's vital force technology process includes first removing heavy metals, other contaminants and chlorine. Chlorination destroys natural water structure and organic acids (creating toxic trihalomethane by-products). Then re-structuring and further purifying of liquid back into crystalline form is done by using black mica and ancient shungite rock (geometric fullerene molecules emit far infrared spectrum with cleansing and harmonizing properties), using industrial vortex energizers and imbuing liquid with other beneficial vibrational qualities.

Some of the product ingredients have known ability to heal physiological imbalances and cure diseases in organisms (plants, animals, humans), and therefore the synergistic benefits for overall health and resilience should be substantial in our composite product. Formulation can be adjusted for direct consumption in animal feed and human medicinal tonics/ healing mineral water.

The composite bio-minerals product could also be used as a seed-starting mix and compost booster for crops and landscaping applications, and should enhance the survivability (germination and growth) of woody plant seeds in reforestation/ replanting applications.

What follows in the Detailed Description is a break-down by chapter headings of aspects of components of the present invention, used or implemented in whole or in part. Following the Detailed Description are four Tables wherein Table 1 lists Core Mineral Complex, Table 2 lists Core Biostimulants, Table 3 lists Product Application, Media and Microbe Carriers and Table 4 lists Master Ingredient List of Bioavailable Mineral Fertilizer and Derivative Products.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a map of the world showing areas of soil degradation. Figure 2 is a depiction of a water cycle. Figure 3 is a depiction of a nitrogen cycle. Figure 4 is a depiction of The Soil Food Web. Figure 5 is a depiction of The Soil Food Web pyramid. Figure 6 is a depiction of a plant and soil ecosystem. Figure 7 is a depiction of a Conventional Fertilizer Granule Coating. Figure 8 is a depiction of various types of soil.

Figure 9 is a depiction of a consumer hierarchy between primary consumers and highly level consumers. Figure 9a is, in side elevation view, an in-line water filter sold under the trademark GUARD'N GROW.

Figure 9b is, in perspective view, a vortex water energizer. Figure 10 is, in side elevation view, a spiralling copper device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER 1

ROCK-BASED (RE) MINERALIZATION PROCESS A) Natural Process

Geological processes of breaking down/transforming rock will gradually (re) mineralize soil over a long period of time. Such processes include volcanic lava and ash dispersal, glacial action, wind erosion, water erosion and tree root action. A full spectrum of minerals and trace elements can be found in healthy soil, plants and animals that are essential to optimal functioning. (B) Applicant Enhanced Process

Natural processes of soil mineralization can be accelerated by mechanical crushing and grinding of rock to produce mineral fines (rock dust) for various applications.

Rock dust powder from glacial gravel, volcanic basalt and other rock types can be added to soil to restore 32 to 70 + mineral nutrients in a much faster time frame than natural processes. However, there are problems with fly away dust and lack of uniformity in application; moreover, a crust layer may form. The increased surface area of finer grades of rock dust significantly improves bio-availability to plants, but still relies on healthy soil structure and microbial action to become a slow release source of nutrients.

CHAPTER 2

PARAMAGNETIC EFFECT

(A) Natural Process

Paramagnetic materials such as certain types of volcanic basalt and magnetite rocks exhibit a beneficial magnetic energy field in response to the earth's electromagnetic field. (B) Applicant Enhanced Process

Paramagnetic rock fines can be added to other rock powders to further enhance soil health, crop yields, plant immunity and other documented benefits. Energy flow between positive (paramagnetic) and negative (diamagnetic) substances improve the plants' access to nutrients and transportation of minerals through the root system.

Dr. Phillip Callahan, entomologist and biophysicist brought paramagnetism into the forefront of sustainable agriculture. According to Dr. Callahan, the enhanced energetic charge of paramagnetism enables the roots and leaves to function and metabolize at a higher rate of productivity, resulting in improved photosynthetic carbohydrate production and other benefits. Apparent differences in insect attraction, due to variations in resonance frequency, also contribute to plant health and resiliency.

Farmers are able to measure the paramagnetism of their soils and can try to improve it through the addition of paramagnetic rock dusts. Paramagnetism is scientifically quantifiable in volcanic- derived material like basalt, diabase, rhyolitic or magnetite rock. Under the influence of Dr. Callahan, the Paramagnetic Count Soil Meter (PCSM) was developed to provide digital measurement using a standard unit of measure (CGS- centimeter-grams-seconds) to confirm the value of the rock source being assessed.

CHAPTER 3

CARBON-BASED HUMIC/FULVIC ACIDS ARE KEYS TO MINERAL CHELATION FOR NUTRIENT UPTAKE, REMEDIATION OF TOXINS AND OTHER BENEFITS

(A) Natural Process

In nature, water carries minerals in carbon-based organic acid forms such as carbonic acid (developed from carbon dioxide in the air) and fulvic/ humic acids (obtained from soil humus). When high turbidity runoff floods over banks, it picks up fulvic and humic acid from the forest leaf litter and soil humus layer. Fulvic acid can bind with more than 60 inorganic minerals/ trace elements to create organic fulvic complexes that are soluble, biochemically active and recognizable for uptake by plants (nutrient chelation).

Water containing mineral-rich silt and humic/ fulvic organic acids seasonally fertilize alluvial plains. This process has created the world's greatest agricultural areas such as the nile river, mekong river, ganges river and yangtze river plains and deltas.

Unfortunately, many rivers across the world are being altered by modem dams and channelization, and water treatment/filtration systems often remove and/or destroy the natural organic acids critical to soil and plant health. When water-borne organic acids are combined with chlorine treatment, trihalomethanes are formed as toxic by-products. (B) Applicant Enhanced Process

The natural processes of forming beneficial organic acids for nutrient chelation can be accelerated by adding humic/ fulvic substances derived from ancient coal deposits (leonardite, lignite, humalite weathered sub-bituminous coal, etc.) to soil as an amendment/conditioner for agriculture. In addition to the important role as nutrient chelator for plants, humic/fulvic acids also assist with cellular metabolism, restore electrical balance as an electrolyte, scavenge free radicals as an antioxidant, buffer ph, tie up toxins like heavy metals and bind radioactive substances into natural molecules. They increase water infiltration and water-holding capacity of soil, enhance plant resiliency, root growth and seed germination. Water treatment applications range from removing odours to keeping irrigation lines clean.

Refined fulvic acid has smaller molecular size and is ideal for spray foliar applications and even as an oral health supplement for livestock, pets and people.

CHAPTER 4

PURE SEAWATER SALT SOLIDS PROVIDE ADDITIONAL SOLUBLE TRACE

ELEMENTS AND ACTIVE ORGANIC SUBSTANCES THAT CATALYZE MICROFLORA SYMBIOSIS AND REESTABLISH BIOLOGICAL EQUILIBRIUM (A) Natural Process

In nature, a timeless water cycle illustrated in Figure 2, empties rivers, streams, surface runoff and ground water back into the ocean as the beginning and the end destination. Seawater has a complex composition of chlorophyll rich phyto-plankton (microalgae), active humic/ fulvic organic compounds along with 92 + known inorganic minerals/ trace elements of the periodic table.

The minerals/ trace elements in seawater are perfectly proportioned and balanced to sustain biological life, at essentially the same ratios as blood. Sea life living in pure and balanced ocean water is seemingly immune to cancer and other degenerative diseases. Dr. Rene Quinton did experiments showing that seawater could be used to cure various medical conditions in animals and humans. He developed a seawater extract that was used for transfusions in place of blood plasma in World War One. Today his oral and spray solutions are called Quinton Isotonic/ Hypertonic pure marine plasma, harvested from areas with vortex plankton blooms (biocenosis). The primordial nature of seawater makes it a natural wellness aid for maintaining a balanced internal/ external "bio-terrain". Dr. Schuessler a German Biologist discovered that 12 basic cell salts are the physical basis of all healing (an additional 15 salts were discovered later by his pupils). If these micronutrient salts cannot be ingested directly or from food grown in healthy soil, then deficiencies and disease will follow.

(B) Applicant Enhanced Process

Applicant recycles the valuable seawater nutrients back to the land where they can be used for agriculture, health supplements and other applications. Sea salt solids can be derived from either mined ancient deposits (Utah, Himalayas), natural salt beds (Celtic, Dead Sea, Baja California) or other evaporation/ desalination processes.

Dr. Maynard Murray's pioneering book "sea energy agriculture" provides over a century of well- documented research showing that the 92 + elements and organic content of seawater and sea salt concentrates can have profound positive effects on both plant and animal life. Dr. Murray spent decades doing agricultural research with both plants and animals to demonstrate the many benefits that can be obtained. Recently there have been three schools of thought as to whether it is best to use pure seawater plasma (Quinton), to keep sea salt solids in the natural composition (Sea-Agri Inc.), or to create a concentrate that removes 95% of the sodium chloride (ambrosia technology 11c sea-crop).

Depending on the application, applicant is combining either seawater or salt solids with other ingredients to provide the highest possible number of elements for optimal soil bacteria/ fungi symbiosis and plant health. Benefits include: improvements in nutrient and water uptake, reduced drought stress, increased root length, greater plant growth and yield, plant disease/ insect resistance, improved soil structure and porosity, higher vitamin sugar/ protein levels, etc. The solubility of sea solids is ideal for liquid applications to field crops, pasture and feed for livestock and poultry, foliar spray, drip irrigation and hydroponics. CHAPTER 5

NATURAL ROCK MACRO-MINERALS AND SOIL CONDITIONERS TO BOOST AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND CORRECT REGIONAL DEFICIENCIES AND CONTAMINATION

(A) Natural Process

In nature, geological and climatic conditions influence soil texture/structure and the development of associated ecosystems. There can be regional deficiencies in macro-minerals like calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium, and some macro-minerals like nitrogen rely on complex natural cycles. The nitrogen balance in nature, for example, is illustrated in Figure 3. This natural variation can be further impacted (both positively and negatively) by the building infrastructure, land use practices and industrial by-products of human settlements. (B) Applicant Enhanced Process

Agriculture was essentially invented to domesticate plants and animals and enliance the natural productivity of soils. Healthy soil can normally be remineralized with basalt/glacial gravel dust, sea minerals and humic substances alone. However, for more depleted and degraded soils or intensive cropping, conditioning clays and key macro-elements can address imbalances and boost yield. Applicant avoids chemicals and animal by-products in the sourcing.

Bentonite Clay contains not less than 70% montmorillonite (superfine flakey aluminosilicate). It is formed from decomposed volcanic ash and contains more than 70 minerals/ trace elements. Bentonite is used as a drawing and binding agent for both medical detoxification and remediation of environmental pollution. The molecules hold a strong negative ionic charge, and they are attracted to substances that hold a positive charge like toxic contaminants. The clay helps balance body pH and stimulates blood circulation. It can dramatically reverse soil degradation in agricultural and forestry applications, while preserving soil moisture and nutrients. This natural humectant contributes to drought resistance, crop/ tree seedling growth, reforestation or afforestation in deserts and arid regions. Bentonite can save large amount of water and fertilizer and related costs of maintaining these inputs. The special properties of bentonite are an ability to form thixotropic gels with water, an ability to absorb large quantities of water, and a high cation exchange capacity. It can also absorb pathogenic viruses, herbicides and pesticides. Pozzolan, Zeolite and Kaolin (China Clay) can be used for similar soil applications, while Gypsum and Perlite have high permeability/ low water retention to prevent compaction.

Applicant's Natural Macro-Mineral Boost

Soft Rock Phosphate is a untreated colloidal clay that lies between layers of hard rock phosphate, which is washed off into settling ponds during the mining process. It contains valuable calcium, silica, trace minerals in addition to essential phosphorus, which is lacking in most soils. This non-toxic additive is ideal for fruiting and flowering plants, stimulates strong root formation, improves soil structure, hastens crop maturity and encourages earthworms and soil bacteria. It becomes more readily available to plants than hard rock phosphate and holds calcium in the root zone.

Calcium Carbonate (Calcitic Lime) or Calcium Sulfate (Gypsum) can be pulverized and used as a source of extra calcium and conditioner to neutralize overly acidic soils. Gypsum can also be used in ameliorating high sodium soils and preventing crusting. Potassium Bearing Rock (K-Feldspar, Glauconite and Langbeinite) Langbeinite is a type of underground salt rock deposit (potash) with the advantage of having essential K, Mg, and S all contained within it. Potassium bearing rocks do not in natural state have toxic by-products, and also aid in securing N (nitrogen).

CHAPTER 6

BIOACTIVE PLANT HYDROLYSATES AND ALGAE-DERIVED EXTRACTS/ MEALS TO OPTIMIZE TISSUE GROWTH, NUTRIENT ABSORPTION AND STRESS RESILIENCE

(A) Natural Process

In nature, the slow processes related to decomposition of vegetative and animal matter contributes to the bio-availability of nutrients, provides hormonal/ enzymatic action and stimulates other beneficial interactions.

(B) Applicant Enhanced Process

Obtaining the beneficial natural by-products of plant decomposition can be accelerated by utilizing plant hydrolysates and algae-derived extracts/ meals in fertilizer or nutritional products. Animal by-products and fish hydrolysate (while efficient sources of protein) have some undesirable characteristics and are thus avoided by Applicant.

Plant-based Protein Hydrolysates (Amino Acids and Peptides) - There has been an unprecedented demand for inexpensive plant-derived protein hydrolysates in recent years, owing to their various agricultural and nutritional applications. Protein hydrolysates can be prepared by enzymatic or thermal hydrolysis of plant residues. Bioactive protein amino acids and peptides are the "building blocks of life". They can be derived from alfalfa, carob germ, algae, wheat bran, soy, rapeseed, sunflower and barley to be taken up by plant roots and have the following special effects for agriculture: improved plant nutrient uptake and yield, stimulation of carbon metabolism and nitrogen assimilation, increased plant defenses to biotic and abiotic stress, and decreased plant toxicity to heavy metals. Protein hydrolysates for animal feed and human nutrition, derived from the same crop residues or from milk (whey and casein), assist in muscle gain and have important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities. These amino acids and peptides are key ingredients in energy drinks and sports nutrition products. Alternatively, a blend of mushroom or fungi protein from species such as chaga, reishi, maitake, shitake, cordyceps, lion's mane, turkey tail, etc. can provide not only amino acids and peptides but also many biostimulating, immune supporting properties in all applications.

Kelp and other Seaweeds are multicellular marine algae containing between 60-70 essential minerals and trace elements, as well as vitamins, natural chelating agents, and amino acids beneficial for agriculture. Kelp is also an excellent source of cytokinins and auxins, both of which stimulate plant growth (phytohormones). The cytokinin hormones improve soil tilth, regulate cell division and cell wall formation, increase photosynthesis and chlorophyll production, improve root and shoot growth, and delay senescence in the fall (when plants prepare for winter, dropping leaves, losing colour, etc.). The auxin hormones have a primaiy role in coordination of many growth and behavioral processes in the plant's life cycle and are essential for plant body development stimulating rooting and fruit formation. While auxins can be chemically synthesized as indole-3 acetic acid, kelp is an effective natural alternative without any known side effects. Kelp can be readily obtained as a meal product for soil application providing organic matter and soil conditioning properties, or applied in a concentrated liquid extract form.

Kelp and other types of seaweed are also increasingly being recognized as an important natural source of vital nutritional requirements for animal feed and human health. Recent attention on the diets of cultures with a history of health and longevity has also emphasized the role of sea kelp. The Japanese in particular have attracted much attention as sea kelp traditionally accounted for as much as 25% of their diet. It has been gaining popularity in Australia and the Western world as a unique natural tonic and the richest known source of iodine, vital in the function of the thyroid gland and metabolism. Kelp also contains magnesium, calcium (highest natural concentration), iron, copper, potassium, zinc and natural sea salt. Kelp contains fiber, protein, vitamins A, B, C and E, and beta-carotene (an which may play a role in cancer prevention). The sea kelp nutrient profile can be between 10 - 20 times greater than that of land vegetables, depending on the environment in which it grows. If harvested from unpolluted marine waters, this complete nutrition becomes invaluable.

Phytoplankton and Zooplankton (Microalgae) have some similar nutrients and benefits, with the added advantage of being able to be cultivated on land in aquaculture hatcheries. Alternatively, marine plankton plasma can be sustainably harvested from the ocean, cold filtering out the phytoplankton and zooplankton for use as a protein source while retaining the valuable trace element minerals in the seawater.

Aloe Vera Extract can act as an agricultural nutrient rich, immune-boosting biostimulant and also has medicinal properties in feed/ supplement form. It can be fermented with microorganisms or used a pure stabilized additive.

CHAPTER 7

MICROBIAL ENHANCEMENTS TO SUPPORT THE PLANT AND SOIL FOOD WEB ECOSYSTEM

(A) Natural Process

In nature, plants live in symbiotic relationship with a myriad of micro-organisms that are the basis of a larger soil food web ecosystem. These microbes fix and solubilize essential nutrients for the plants, as well as perform other beneficial functions.

B) Applicant Enhanced Process

Soils degraded by intensive land uses and chemical contaminants often lack beneficial microorganisms. Applicant products inoculate the beneficial bacteria, fungi and other microbes back into the degraded soil.

Endo and Ecto Mycorrhizae Fungi Mycorrihizae literally means "fungus-root" and defines the mutually advantageous relationship between the specialized soil-inhabiting fungi and plant roots. The best known mycorrhiza for agricultural applications is called Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM). Endo- and ecto-mycorrhizal fungi symbiotically colonize the roots of the majority of terrestrial plants including trees, vines, ornamentals, crops and pasture plants (95%). Only 5% of plants or plant groups do not respond to the mycorrhizal fungi. The fungi attach to the plant roots and function as an extended root system for the plant, greatly increasing the absorptive surface area of the roots. The fungi provide nutrients such as phosphorus, zinc and silicates to the plants. In exchange, the plants provide sugars (derived from photosynthesis in the plant leaves) and organic compounds for the fungi via root secretions. One popular brand of VAM, for example, claims to double the rate of root establishment, reduce watering needs by 30%, increase survival by 75%, enhance soil structure and prevent erosion.

Other Fungi and Mushrooms There are many other beneficial species of fungi and mushrooms that can either be ground up (as in the protein powder) or inoculated into the soil through application of applicant product lines. Medicinal fungi and mushroom varieties can be included in the animal/ fish feed as well as supplements and tonics for wellness industry.

Beneficial Bacteria and Yeast are very useful to people, agriculture and industry, and can be found almost everywhere including within the human gut as an integral part of digestion. Probiotic feed additives are also similarly used to improve animal health and performance. Many types of bacteria are employed in the production of food products including dairy products such as yogurt, sauerkraut, and fermented meat products such as summer sausage, miso and vinegar.

Bacteria also help fix carbon and nitrogen in the soil (See Figure 3) and are responsible for decomposing organic materials, which returns important nutrients back to the soil. Specialized microbes for agricultural applications (microbial inoculants) can help control release nutrients from the mineral fertilizer and soil matrix itself. Increase in microbial activity equals increase in nutrient bioavailability. Microbes are also being used to neutralize contaminants in environmental remediation applications. Inoculants were originally developed using peat slurry; now more sophisticated carriers are being used. Strains can be kept in a dormant state to extend shelf life, then activated with water and blackstrap molasses. The wide range of microbial activity in the soil includes: nutrient fixers, nutrient builders, growth hormones, decomposers, protecting bacteria and soil conditioners. More specifically, microbe-based technologies for agriculture may incorporate one or more these strains: a) Actinomycetes (assists in soil health and nutrient cycling) b) Azospirillum (free-living Nitrogen fixer, converts atmospheric N, produces growth promoting substances like indole acetic acid and gibberellins) c) Azotobacter (produces plant growth regulators) d) Bacillus varieties (N fixer, nutrient cycling, decomposition, enzymes, soil conditioning and structure) e) Phosphobacter (coverts Phosphorus into plant available P for vigorous growth) f) Pseudomonas (protect plants against pathogenic fungi in root zone) g) Rhizobium (legume Nitrogen fixer) h) Streptomycetes (protects against pathogenic bacteria) i) Saccharomyces (yeasts that convert carbon dioxide into sugars within the soil) j) Trichoderma (protects against pathogenic fungi, controls soil diseases, nutrient cycling)

Effective Micro-organisms (EM) are consortia of lactic acid bacteria, purple phototrophic bacteria and yeast with a range of agricultural, forestry and environmental remediation applications.

CHAPTER 8

CORE MINERAL COMPLEX AND BIOSTIMULANTS ARE COMBINED SYNERGISTICALLY WITH PRODUCT MEDIUMS AND MICROBE CARRIERS THAT ARE APPLICATION-SPECIFIC TO PROVIDE WHOLE INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS FOR AGRICULTURE, HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT

(A) Natural Process

In a healthy ecosystem such as depicted in Figure 6, the natural cycles, mineral elements and bio- stimulating components gradually evolve into a symbiotic functional relationship. However, in many ecosystems today soils are seriously polluted and lack some of their essential components, which in turn impacts plant health and the stability of the entire food web ecosystem.

(B) Applicant Enhanced Process

Applicant ensures that a full-spectrum of essential mineral and carbon-organic nutrients for soil and plant health are incorporated into composite blended liquid, powder and granular products. Special consideration is given to promoting bioavailability, neutralizing pollutants, retaining moisture, improving the soil structure and incorporating beneficial microorganisms. Degraded soils can thus be rapidly regenerated through these synergistic effects. Enhancing the purity and energetics of water creates optimal outcome for the soil treatments.

CHAPTER 9

POWDER BLEND FERTILIZER- CORE MINERALS, BIOSTIMULANTS AND MICROBE CARRIER ARE COMBINED UNIFORMLY FOR DRY APPLICATIONS

All Purpose Powder Blend Fertilizer

Function: Suitable for custom hand or simple spreader applications for potted plants, gardens, tree nurseries and greenhouses. Dry powder also has some applications in crop spraying by planes/ drones, or aerial product drops into remote resource development zones. Powder Blend Ingredient List:

a) Glacial Gravel Dust/ Paramagnetic Basalt Powder

b) Soft Rock Phosphate/ Calcium Carbonate/ Potassium-Bearing Rock Powders

c) Seawater Solids

d) Fulvic Acid/ Humic Acid Powders

e) Bentonite Clay with Diatomaceous Earth Powder

f) Endo/ Ecto Mycorrhizae or other Mushroom/ Fungi Spores g) Kelp Meal Powder

h) Microalgae and/or other Protein Powder

i) Select Beneficial Bacteria, Yeast and/or Microbial Consortia Ceramic Powder j)

Stabilized Rice/ Wheat Bran Carrier

k) Organic Blackstrap Molasses Powder

Manufacturing Process: Stabilized rice/wheat bran free of pathogens is used in manufacturing so that only the beneficial bacteria use it. Molasses powder is used as a carrier food source. Bentonite clay from geological formation is used that includes diatomaceous earth for its anti- caking properties. Product particles must be sufficient size and weight to avoid "fly away" dust drifting (which is not only a waste of material but can be a respiratory health risk); at the same time particles cannot be too large as they need to become bioavailable to plants for the growing season. Aerial Topdressing- Powder Blend Fertilizer For Agricultural Aircraft

A specific utilization of aerial application is the spreading of fertilizers over farmland or agri- forestry plantations with the use of agricultural aircraft. Aerial topdressing may be done by aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicles (drones). To reduce drift of the sprayed materials, agricultural pilots attempt to fly just above the crops/ plantations being treated. Most aircraft have spraying systems attached to the trailing edges of their wings, and pumps are usually driven by wind turbines. CHAPTER 10

COATED GRANULAR FERTILIZER- CORE MINERALS AND BIOSTIMULANTS ARE GRANULATED WITH DOUBLE-LAYERED COATING THAT CONTAINS MICROBES AND SLOW RELEASES THE NUTRIENTS INTO THE SOIL

All Purpose Coated Granular Fertilizer

Function: Suitable for dry broadcast mechanized equipment farming, lawn fertilizer spreader and other applications in which an even distribution and slower release of product nutrients is required.

Granular Blend Nutrient Core Ingredients:

a) Glacial Gravel Dust/ Paramagnetic Basalt Powder

b) Soft Rock Phosphate/Calcium Carbonate/ Potassium-Bearing Rock Powders

c) Seawater Solids

d) Fulvic/ Humic Acid Powders

e) Bentonite Clay

f) Kelp Meal Powder

g) Microalgae, Mushroom/Fungi Powder and/or other Protein Powder Granular Manufacturing Process/ Coating:

The core mineral and biostimulant ingredients (nutrient core) are processed through granulation equipment, using pressure compaction agglomeration without chemicals, as well as bentonite and/or zeolite as the binding agent. Heat and intense compaction of granules in manufacturing process may affect viability of many beneficial bacteria and fungi. Therefore dormant spore microbes will be added to final stage spray coating of granules instead, which also must be dried without using technologies like microwave. Coating will also contain mineral/carbohydrate/ sugar substances for microbes to feed on as they become activated by soil moisture and start populating as a result. Microbes may also be impregnated into alginate beads instead of or in addition to coating. However, different weight/ densities of alginate microbial beads blended with mineral composite granules may influence uniformity of blended product (potential separation and settling of product granules can be remedied).

Microbe-Impregnated Granule Coating:

Coating on the granule is generally desirable for slow release, dust control, enhancing flowability and minimizing moisture pick up, among other benefits. See Figure 7 for a prior art conventional fertilizer coating; Applicant's microbe impregnated granule coating with be an eco-friendly innovative modification. A non-toxic food grade coating will be used to add the beneficial microbes that may otherwise be affected by heat and other processing conditions. Natural alginate, biodegradable biomass-based polymer, blackstrap molasses, natural gums and waxes, among other substances, will be used as suitable coating ingredients that can also maintain stable microbial populations with sufficient shelf life. Microbial inoculants added to the coating may include Endo Ecto Mycorrhize and other mushroom or fungi spores, Select Beneficial Bacteria, Yeast and/or Microbial Consortia Ceramic Powder.

CHAPTER 11

LIQUID PLANT FERTILIZER- CORE MINERAL COMPLEX AND BIOSTIMULANTS ARE POWDERED ULTRAFINE WITH SPECIAL PROCESSING ADAPTIONS FOR MAINTAINING MICROBIAL VIABILITY AND INGREDIENT POTENCY IN SOLUTION

Foliar Feeding Function (spraying the leaves) is considered among the major techniques used for plant nutrition, supplementing the soil application. Foliar spraying is a reliable method of feeding plants when nutrients absorption by the plant roots is inefficient. Very soluble fertilizer and pure nutrients are essential for achieving the best performance from this application method.

Applicant Liquid Plant Fertilizer

Function: Suitable for greenhouses, hydroponics, vertical gardens, furtigation, foliar spray and other liquid agricultural and agro-forestry applications. Liquid Ingredients:

a) Ultrafine Soluble Glacial Gravel Dust

b) Ultrafine Soluble Paramagnetic Basalt Powder

c) Ultrafine Soluble Seawater Solids

d) Ultrafine Soluble Bentonite Clay

e) Ultrafine Soluble Soft Rock Phosphate

f) Ultrafine Soluble Calcium Carbonate

g) Ultrafine Soluble Potassium Rock Powder

h) Micronized Fulvic/ Humic Acid Liquid

i) Cold Processed Kelp Liquid

j) Beneficial Bacteria and Yeast

k) Mycorrhizae or other Mushroom/ Fungi Powder or Spores

1) Organic Blackstrap Molasses Liquid

m) Crystalline Structured Water

n) Green Microalgae Water Extract

o) Aloe Vera Extract - pure or fermented

Relative proportions of fulvic and humic vary depending on specific application. The beneficial bacteria and mycorrhizae spores will not be included in the foliar spray as their action is for the soil and may damage the leaves. Organic Blackstrap Molasses liquid is a microbial activator for soil application, and enhances spray adhesion to leaf surfaces.

Fertigation is the application of fertilizers, soil amendments or other water-soluble products through an irrigation system. Nutrients can be added or deficiencies corrected as may be detected in plant tissue analysis. Fertigation is usually practiced on high-value crops such as vegetables, fruit trees, turf and ornamentals. The water supply for fertigation is kept separate from the domestic water to avoid contamination.

Greenhouse Production can be soil based or utilize soil-less hydroponic solutions. For the hydroponic growing systems the fertilizer particle sizes must be ultrafine and fully soluble in cold water. Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the fertilizer solution only or in an inert medium, such as perlite, coir or gravel. Adding more complete bio-mineral nutrition to hydroponic plants may improve their yields, nutrient density, resilience and other aspects of health and vitality. Other hydroponic applications may include rooftop gardens, green walls and other contemporary urban agri-landscaping.

Manufacturing Process: Advanced rock grinding techniques, which may approach innovative nano scale, are employed to create the ultrafine powders that can blend effectively with the seawater solids in liquid concentrate solution. Normally the rock dust is not soluble in water. The biostimulants also have to be micro filtered and cold processed to ensure that they too can be dissolved into the solution while still retaining their potent qualities.

CHAPTER 12

FORESTRY REGENERATION- CORE MINERALS AND BIOSTIMULANTS, MICROBES AND SEEDS ARE COMBINED INTO PELLETS OR MULCH SLURRY TO PROVIDE LIVING SOIL SUPPORT FOR RE-SEEDING AND RE-PLANTING EFFORTS

Forestry Regeneration Pellets

Function: Suitable for tree nursery and agro-forestry operations as well as reforestation or afforestation of large tracts of land. Can be spread by hand, mechanized equipment, or by airplane/ unmanned aerial vehicle application.

Ingredients: Refer to All Purpose Powder Fertilizer ingredients, but with higher concentrations of ecto mycorrhizae spores for woody species. Also non-GMO seeds of tree species that are desired for reforestation will be added. May also include wood sawdust or other biomass residue fibre as filler medium for pellets. Biochar may be substituted for rice/ wheat bran husks as the microbe carrier.

Manufacturing Process: Aerial application would require that pellets be bound with sufficient density for uniform distribution without flyaway particles. A suitable binder will be used (1 to 3% of molasses and colloidal clays), then the composition is pressed under high pressure agglomeration in pelletizing machines or extruders to form cylindrically shaped pellets. Seed survival will be enhanced by the core bio-mineral ingredients that are mixed in with the biomass. Landscape Revegetation Hydroseeding - (or hydraulic mulch seeding, hydro-mulching, hydroseeding) is a planting process that uses slurry of seed and mulch. The slurry is transported in a tank, either truck or trailer-mounted and sprayed over prepared ground. Helicopters have been used to cover larger areas. Aircraft application may also be used on burned wilderness areas after a fire. Applicant's hydroseeding blend would combine the core minerals and biostimulants with a nontoxic natural tackifying agent and colour dye added to the seed mulch slurry.

Regional Forest Soil Type Adaptation -The blends are adapted to major differences in soil conditions and microbial/ fungi culture species (desert, rain forest, temperate, etc.) See Figure 8.

CHAPTER 13

ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION- CORE MINERAL AND BIOSTIMULANT INGREDIENTS ARE BOOSTED BY POLLUTANT-NEUTRALIZING MICROBES AND

CARRIER/ MEDIUMS

Examples of Environmental Remediation Applications:

Agricultural/Industrial Pollution Zones: Countries around the world are experiencing increasing levels of soil and water contamination. In China, for example, at least one fifth of arable land is polluted with inorganic chemicals like cadmium, nickel and arsenic (Yale Centre for Environmental Law and Policy, 2014). Toxic heavy metals need to be neutralized and the mitigation of radioactive contaminants in soils is also a concern in some nuclear energy zones.

Urban Brownfields: New planned neighbourhood developments in city regions are being created on lands previously utilized for old ports, industries or transportation networks requiring soil remediation first.

Mining: Tailing ponds, quarries and other impacts of mining and aggregate activity require a comprehensive reclamation strategy after closure, involving removal of hazards, restoring the soil cover, rebuilding natural water channels and comprehensive landscaping.

Oil and Gas Spills: Soil and waterways contaminated by spills require immediate intervention and longer-term restoration activities for the affected ecosystems. Sewage Treatment: Neighbourhood scale biological treatment, such as in a SAS greenhouse-pond water and nutrient reclamation system, is replacing centralized chemical treatment plants in many urban-rural fringe areas. Municipal sewage bio-solids can be reprocessed into new landscaping products. Chemically treated water can be naturally restored to a pure and energetically vitalized state.

Nuclear Radiation Contamination: Both soil and water can be contaminated by nuclear fall-out and leakages with serious environmental and health risks, and require the intervention of neutralizing (binding or transformative) substances. Ecological Restorer

Function: Suitable for contaminated waterways and land sites, and for any soil that has been seriously degraded by intensive chemical agriculture, resource extraction and other industrial activities. Can also be combined with substance like sewage bio-solids to improve functionality and neutralize residual toxins.

Ingredients: Similar to Powdered, Slurry and Coated Granular Fertilizer Blends except using higher concentrations of fulvic and humic acids and microbial species targeted towards particular pollutants. Also will include pozzolan, shungite and/or black mica for extra strength in binding heavy metals and neutralizing contaminants. Biochar will also be incorporated as a remediating agent and is compatible as a carrier of micro-organisms.

CHAPTER 14

COMPOST BOOSTER- CORE MINERALS, BIOSTIMULANTS, MICROBES AND

ENZYMES CAN BE BLENDED INTO VERMICOMPOST (WORM CASTINGS) OR MUNICIPAL YARD WASTE COMPOST TO PRODUCE THE ULTIMATE TOPDRESSING FOR LAWNS AND GARDENS Municipal Compost: The yard waste piles at municipal landfills can have a natural balance of "green" and "brown" material so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio stays ideally around 30 to one. Water is added to bring the moisture level in the piles up to 65 per cent, perfect for composting. The storage piles, called windrows, are turned regularly to make sure there is always a supply of oxygen for the microbes that are hard at work. Temperatures of the piles is taken every two weeks to make sure that decomposition is taking place on schedule. When the piles are ready they are screened to remove any chunks of wood larger than a half inch.

Vermicompost:

"Vermicast, also called worm castings, worm humus or worm manure, is the end product of the breakdown of organic matter by an earthworm. These castings have been shown to contain reduced levels of contaminants and a higher saturation of nutrients than do organic materials before vermicomposting. Containing water-soluble nutrients, vermicompost is an excellent, nutrient-rich organic fertilizer and soil conditioner. This process of producing vermicompost is called vermicomposting". (Wikipedia 2014)

Benefits: Mixing vermicompost with powdered form of bio-mineral product including suitable microbes and extra enzymes will create a premium topdressing/ landscaping product.

Vermicompost' s direct positive effects on soil, plant growth, economic and environmental are as follows: Soil:

a) Improves aeration and enriches soil with micro-organisms (adding enzymes)

b) Microbial activity in worm castings is 10 to 20 times higher than in the soil and organic matter that the worm ingests

c) Attracts deep-burrowing earthworms and improves water holding capacity

Plant Growth:

a) Enhances germination, plant growth, and crop yield while improving root growth and structure b) Emiches soil with micro-organisms (adding plant hormones such as auxms and gibberellin acid)

Economic:

a) Bio wastes conversion reduces waste flow to landfills

b) Elimination of bio wastes from the waste stream reduces contamination of other recyclables collected in a single bin (a common problem in communities practicing single-stream recycling) c) Low capital investment and relatively simple technologies make vermicomposting practical for less-developed agricultural regions Environmental:

a) Helps to close the "metabolic gap" through recycling waste on-site

b) Large systems often use temperature control and mechanized harvesting

c) Production reduces greenhouse gas emissions such as methane and nitric oxide (produced in landfills or incinerators when not composted or through methane harvest)

CHAPTER 15

ANIMAL/ FISH NUTRITIONAL PELLETS Fish Farming - With wild stocks being seriously depleted worldwide and concerns about PCB and mercury contamination, by 2030 nearly two-thirds of seafood worldwide will be farm-raised, according to the World Bank. Closed containment aquaculture systems on land are on the rise as an eco-friendly alternative to open pen fish farming, but still there is a fundamental environmental problem: millions of tons of ocean caught fish like anchovies, sardines and mackerel are still being caught to feed farm-raised fish like salmon- in many cases it takes three pounds of wild fish to grow one pound of farmed fish that rely on feed pellets containing fish meal and oil. While herbivorous fish can live well on pellets made from vegetable plant proteins, oil, minerals and vitamins, innovation is required to develop vegetarian feed for carnivorous fish. The USDA has already proven that eight species of carnivorous fish, white sea bass, walleye, rainbow trout, cobia, arctic char, yellowtail, Atlantic salmon and Coho-Salmon can get enough nutrients from vegetarian sources without eating other fish. However, many leading substitutes for fishmeal being developed utilize wheat, soy, rapeseed, rice and com in the feed, which are foreign to fish and may result in health complications over the long term. Applicant brand fish pellets will replicate a more natural aquatic diet, using organic permitted ingredients. A key constituent will be microalgae powder and oil which is rich with Omega-3 oils, proteins and carbohydrates. Phytoplankton algae farms have unlimited scalability, year round fresh supply, allergen and toxin-free, and are cost-effective as well. Contained aquafarming of zooplankton organisms is just emerging. Applicant intends to incorporate these rich zoo plankton nutrients in freeze- dried form, thereby eliminating the need for both fishmeal and substitute grain ingredients. The Applicant's feed pellets for both the herbivorous and carnivorous fish will also contain other core bio-mineral ingredients such as the seawater salt solids, bentonite clay powder, kelp, fulvic acid, key amino acids like taurine, vitamins, dried yeast, seaweed agar gel binder. Pelletizing For Animal Feed Applications

Function: Animal fodder pellets for horses, cattle, rabbits, goats, chickens, etc. provide mineral, enzymatic, amino acid and probiotic nutritional supplementation for optimal whole health. Organic permitted ingredients, non-GMO.

Ingredients: Core bio-mineral ingredients like seawater salt solids, bentonite clay, diatomaceous earth, fulvic acid, kelp, blackstrap molasses is combined in appropriate ratios with fodder materials. The biomass fodder pellet is made up of plant protein hydrolysate powder, alfalfa meal, hulled seed meal, copra meal, etc. Probiotic bacteria and natural enzymes will be added to aid digestion, using stabilized rice/ wheat bran or other carrier. Vegetable, fruit, aloe vera extract and medicinal herb/ mushroom powders may also be added as appropriate to the animal species and condition being remedied.

Manufacturing Process: 1 to 3 % of molasses and colloidal clay serves as binder and then press the blended composition under high pressure in pelletizing machines or extruders to form cylindrically shaped pellets. Need to keep bacteria and enzymes in more dormant state so break down of organic biomass material doesn't occur quickly (decomposition and spoilage issues).

Pelletizing process also must not exceed heat tolerance of micro-organisms, therefore cold-press production methods will generally be used.

CHAPTER 16

LIQUID OR POWDERED MEDICINAL TONIC- ENERGIZED WATER, MINERALS AND BIOSTIMULANTS WITH HEALING PROPERTIES FOR PLANTS, HUMANS AND ANIMALS ARE PREPARED FOR CONSUMPTION AS A LIQUID CONCENTRATE

Liquid or Powdered Medicinal Tonic Applications: Function - Suitable for liquid or powdered (add water or other beverage) medicinal tonic to provide essential mineral/ trace elements, protein amino acid, enzymatic and probiotic nutritional supplementation. Homeopathic energetic imprinting/ herbal essences can be used to help alleviate various medical ailments. Pets and livestock can drink tonic concentrate by adding it to their water dish.

Ingredients: Crystalline structured water with dissolved seawater solids, marine plasma seawater or mineral springs water, combined with appropriate quantity of soluble micronized fulvic/humic acid, essential amino acids and microalgae extracts. Probiotic bacteria and natural enzymes added to aid digestion, may be cultured kefir style. Medicinal herbs, fungi/mushrooms and aloe vera extract provide healing benefits. Fruit extracts and other natural flavours primarily to improve taste.

Manufacturing Process: As this liquid product it can be made using the production process employing the Water Purifier and Energizer technology (Chapter 17). The crystalline structured water can be imprinted with the extracted essences or resonant frequencies of healing herbs, flowers and other elements to help resolve specific ailments in plants, animals and people. Powdered version can also be produced with the finely ground minerals, proteins, enzymes, microbes etc. stabilized with carriers. Energetic enhancements that can be incorporated into fertilizer and health products relate to subtle information transfer that heals and supports weakened physiology and environments. Homeopathic medicine, herbal tinctures/ tonics and related aids have been used to produce vital health in people and animals. Soil amendment products can also be energetically enhanced to improve plant and root growth, seed germination, organic composting, pond water quality, odor reduction, insect resistance, among other benefits. Such innovative processes can infuse energetic information (imprints) into a carrier medium such as water. These imprints are derived from essential mineral types, herbs and periodic elements. While being newly introduced to North America through companies using leading edge quantum physics, transfer of healthy resonant frequencies has been an established technique in traditional Asian, European and Steiner's Biodynamic Agriculture. These techniques are also related to the scientific work of Nikola Tesla, Viktor Schauberger and Wilhelm Reich, among other new energy scientists of the past century.

The beneficial effects of subtle energy enhancements can be documented through the use of kirlian electrophotonic photography, resonant field imaging and orgone life-energy field meters. While this is an emerging science in agriculture that parallels new research in vibrational medicine and quantum physics, the understanding of vital life force energy is ancient and part of the world's wisdom traditions. Such holistic knowledge adds another dimension of analysis and refinement to sustainable ventures that can be practically applied to create superior products. Designing in harmony with natural processes and universal energy patterns requires less effort and materials and amplifies beneficial results. It is through this knowledge that Applicant not only creates products that restore the physical "building block" components that living organisms need to thrive but also enhances their "biofield" light energy.

CHAPTER 17

WATER PURIFIER AND ENERGIZER, SELECT MINERALS AND SUBTLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED IN APPLICANT FILTER DEVICES REMOVE POLLUTANTS FROM WATER AND RESTRUCTURE TO CRYSTAL PURITY What's In The Municipal Water Supply?

Despite chemical treatment of the water supply, many municipal and rural systems still contain a soup of toxic contaminants such as chlorine, fluoride, lead, mercury, arsenic, PCBs, chromium-6, BPA, birth control pill hormones, drug residues, and so on. To protect human and animal health and ensure that these contaminants do not interfere with the optimal performance of the bio- mineral products, Applicant will provide a special in-line water filter (as seen in Figure 9a) with innovative mineral media and vortex energizer for both household systems and larger farm, commercial and industrial operations.

Manufacturing Process: - Applicant creates Crystalline Structured Microwater, free of contaminants, by incorporating a mix of select minerals with energizing properties, such as Shungite (contains "buckyball" fullerenes nano-stmcture), Black Mica (Biotite) and Magnetite combined with activated carbon and microbial consortia ceramics filter (far infrared frequency). Other structuring minerals that have known ability to increase agricultural yields, improve nutrient density, increase hydration and mineral uptake, and boost biophoton energy include rare earth minerals, quartz/ glass, and other silica elements. In-line device will also incorporate a new version of the Vortex Water Energizer to re-create the swirling spin flow inside the filter chamber (implosion). Water being structured for the liquid bio-mineral products will also be treated with harmonious sound vibration. The classic Vortex Water Energizer (as seen in Figure 9a and 9b) is a spiraling copper device (as seen in Figure 10). It contains highly energized water, which has been prepared using a natural process called Implosion. Whilst this process is new to mainstream technology it is actually as ancient as the Universe. Researchers at the UK Center for Implosion Research, among other institutes, are exploring how to restore this vitality principle to normal household or agricultural water, thereby increasing its healing and vital properties. The results of using Vortex Water Energizers are quite impressive: a) Plants watered with Vortex energized water shows 250% increase in crop yield.

b) Plants required 50% less feeding with Vortex energized water.

c) Pool require 80% less chlorine with a VWE on the water intake pipe.

d) Vortex energized water shows substantially increased geometric structure of water molecule.

e) The Vortex Energizer in ponds increases oxygen and reduces bacterial growth and stagnation. Living Water is a term coined by Austrian inventors Viktor Schauberger and Johann Grander, and reflected in the more recent work by Dr. Emoto from Japan who documented the macrocrystalline structure of water responding to harmonic sound, words and even thought forms, revitalizing and purifying previously degraded and polluted water. Biophoton energizing minerals can also be placed in the structuring device in balls or in such a geometric formation and sequence as to create the vortex energizing effect without the need to use the spiralling copper device seen in Figure 10.

TABLE 1 TABLE 2 TABLE 3

CORE MINERAL COMPLEX CORE BIOSTIMULANTS PRODUCT APPLICATIONS, MEDIA and

MICROBE CARRIERS

NATURAL ROCK POWDERS and CORE MINERAL COMPLEX IS THEN

SEAWATER MINERALS ARE COMBINED WITH BENEFICIAL STRAINS MINERAL-BIOSTIMULANT BLEND OPTIMALLY BLENDED TO OF BACTERIA, FUNGI AND ALGAE, AS REQUIRES ADDITIONAL MEDIA AND ACHIEVE: WELL AS OTHER NATURAL ORGANIC MICROBE CARRIERS TO BECOME FINAL

SUBSTANCES. THESE ARE ADDED TO PRODUCTS

Full Spectrum of Minerals and Trace STIMULATE PLANTS IN ACHIEVING

Elements (92 +) and Paramagnetic THEIR MAXIMUM POTENTIAL AND AID Fertilizer Powder Coated Fertilizer Granule Effect IN THE REGENERATION OF HEALTHY with Microbes

SOIL. WHILE BIOSTIMULANTS

Glacial Gravel Rock Dust USUALLY PROVIDE SECONDARY - Alginate Microbe Carrier

Volcanic Basalt Rock Dust SOURCES OF MINERALS AND TRACE - Biodegradable Biomass-Derived Agro Sea Salt Solids or Seawater Plasma ELEMENTS, THEIR PRIMARY ROLES Polymer

ARE TO CATALYZE PLANT GROWTH,

Natural Rock Macro-Nutrient Boost INCREASE NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY Fertilizer Liquid

AND STRESS TOLERANCE, REMEDIATE - Micronized Ingredients

Soft Rock Phosphate TOXIC CONTAMINANTS AND OTHER

Calcium Carbonate (Calcitic or BENEFITS. FOR THE MOST PART THESE Reforestation/ Remediation Pellet

Dolomitic Lime) BIOSTIMULANTS CAN BE USED FOR

Potassium- Bearing Rock (eg. ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH AS - Wood Sawdust or other Clean Biomass Waste Langbeinite) WELL, AS THEIR CONSTITUENTS ARE - Pellet Binder (Bentonite or Zeolite)

ESSENTIAL TO ALL LIFE. - Biochar Microbe Carrier

Soil Structure/ Texture Conditioning - Non GMO Seed - Slurry Tackifier/ Natural

Carbon-Organic Acid Humates Dye

Bentonite Clay or other

Aluminosilicate like Zeolite - Fulvic Acid Animal/ Fish Feed Pellet

Pozzolan - Humic Acid

Calcium Sulfate (Gypsum) - Rice/ Wheat Bran Probiotic Carrier

Bioactive Plant/ Algae Extracts and Meals - Feed Meal (Alfalfa, Coconut, Kelp)

Core mineral complex will vary - Phytoplankton/ Zooplankton Freeze Dried somewhat according to the format - Microalgae, Kelp and other Seaweeds

(powder, liquid, granular), regional soil - Plant Derived Protein Hydrolysates (Amino Energetically Structured Crystalline Water, conditions and type of product Acids/ Peptides) Free of Contaminants

applications.

Microbial Inoculants - EM/ Microbial Consortia Porous Ceramics

- Beneficial Bacteria Strains - Black Mica (Biotite)/Activated Carbon Media

- Effective Microorganisms (EM) or other - Shungite and Magnetite Charger

Consortia - Inline Water Filter with Vortex Energizer

- Fungi (Endo and Ecto Mycorrhizae) - Harmonic Sound Tuner

- Blackstrap Molasses: Carbohydrate

Microbe Activator Worm Castings Compost

Medicinal Tonic

- Herbal/ Medicinal Additives TABLE 4 - PART 1

MASTER INGREDIENT LIST OF BIO AVAILABLE MINERAL FERTILIZER AND

DERIVATrVE PRODUCTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

10 POWDERED ROCK MINERALS (OVERVIEW):

Definition

Background

Function

Benefits

Application Rates/ Ratios

11 Glacial Gravel/ Stonemeal Powder

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers

Applications Rates/ Ratios

12 Paramagnetic Basalt Powder

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers

Applications Rates/ Ratios

13 Soft Rock Phosphate Powder

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers

Applications Rates/ Ratios

14 Calcium Carbonate - Calcific/ Dolomite Lime Powder

Definition

Background

Function Benefits

15 Calcium Sulphate - Gypsum Powder

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers Potassium-Bearing Rock Powder

Background

16.1 K- Feldspar

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

16.2 Glaitconite (Greensand)

Definition

Background

16.3 Lcmgbeinite

Definition

Background Bentonite _^ Pozzolan & Other Clay Powders Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers

SEAWATER/ SALT MINERALS: Evaporated Seawater Solids

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers

Applications Rates/ Ratios 2 Ancient Sea. Salt Deposits

Definition

Background

Function Benefits

Suppliers

Applications Rates/ Ratios

3 Marine Plasma Seawater

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers NATURAL BIOSTIMULANTS (OVERVIEW :

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits 1 Organic Carbon Humates

Definition

Background

Function Benefits

31.1 Humic Acid

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers

31.2 Fulvic Acid

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers 2 Algae, Kelp Meal and Seaweed Extracts

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers 3 Plant Protein Hydrolysate - Amino Acids/ Peptides

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

4 Microbial Inoculants

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

34.1 Fimgi Arbuscular Mvcorrhizae:

Definition (Endo/Ecto)

Background

Function Benefits

Suppliers

34.2 Beneficial Bacteria:

34.2a Effective Microorganisms (EM) Consortia Definition

Background Function/ Benefits Suppliers

34.2b Rhizobia Species

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits Suppliers

34.2c Bacillus Subtilis Species

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits PRODUCT MEDIUMS/ MICROBE CARRIERS:1 Rice or Wheat Bran (Stabilized)

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits 2 Blackstrap Molasses

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers

Applications Rates/ Ratios

3 Alginate Coating &/or Beads

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers 4 Biochar

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers

5 Biomass Waste/ Residues

Definition

Function/ Benefits

6 VemiiCompost (Worm Castings)

Definition

Background Function/ Benefits

Supplier

Cocopeat

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Supplier WATER PURIFYING & STRUCTURING INGREDIENTS:

1 EM-Ceramics

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers Shungite

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefit

Suppliers 3 Biotite (Black Mica)

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefit

Suppliers

4 Activated Carbon (Charcoal)

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefit

Suppliers 5 Magnetite (Black Sand)

Definition

Background

Function/ Benefits

Suppliers 10 POWDERED ROCK MINERAL (OVERVIEW):

DEFINITION:

Rock dust is a term often used in organic agriculture for non-synthetic remineralization purposes. It refers to those granite meals, quarry dusts and glacial gravel flours that are derived from finely ground rock minerals. Rock dusts are valued for the fineness and consistency of powder grind, nutrient and trace element content, and energetic qualities. Glacial gravel and igneous rocks like volcanic basalt and granite often contain the highest mineral and trace element content. Being free from contamination is another important quality of rock sources and processing methods. While rock dust is typically sold as a single rock type like basalt, rock powder blends can incorporate many different types of minerals and have become increasingly customized to address specific soil needs and new growing modalities. Powdered rock minerals have varying amounts of macro- nutrients, are rich in trace mineral elements and are perfect for improving soil fertility.

BACKGROUND:

Soil remineralization creates fertile soils by returning minerals to the soil, which have been lost by erosion, leaching and over-farming. Today this soil depletion is compounded through the negative and long lasting effects of pollutants and excess use of chemical fertilizers. Using rock dust for remineralization efficiently performs the same functions as the Earth's slower natural processes: glaciers crush rock onto the Earth's soil mantle, winds blow the dust in the form of loess all over the globe, and volcanoes spew forth mineral rich alluvial deposits which are then transported by rushing rivers that disperse them.

FUNCTION:

Finely ground rock dusts possess significantly increased surface area, which enhance mineral availability, especially in combination with microbial action. A mixture of mineral elements that include trace elements is highly desirable for the microbes to help create the biochemical action on rock dusts. Organic acids and enzymes, microbial byproducts or organic matter decomposition, help solubilize and transform mineral nutrients into bioavailable forms. This is a vital process for the development of humus from which plants and insects thrive.

This process also brings natural silica to the plant cells, which can have dramatic effects on the plant strength & subsequent health. Phosphorus is naturally unlocked for the plants uptake with the microbes and calcium-magnesium, in high quality, providing the soil the ability to neutralize pH thus reducing need for liming agents.

Agricultural functions can be summarized as follows: builds humus complex; provides slow release of elements & trace minerals; rebalances soil pH; increase earthworm microbe activity; reduces soil erosion and increase soil storage capacity; increase innnunity & resistance to insects, disease, frost & drought; eliminates the dependence on unhealthy synthetic fertilizers, pesticides & herbicides; increases plant nutrient intake; increases crop yield and plant size (super-foods); higher BRIX readings for sugar content (very important with fruits, vegetables, wine industry etc.

increases flavor & nutrition value for human consumption); known ability to remediate radioactive & contaminated soil.

BENEFITS:

Beneficial applications include: compost booster for windrow piles and teas; topdressing for potting plant mixes in green house crops & transplants; provides mineral flour nutrition solution in hydroponic, foliar sprays or drip irrigations; acts as livestock bedding material additive to decrease odor and absorb volatiles; soil supplement in garden beds, field crops, livestock pasture; animal feed; used for bioremediation, reforestation and agroforestry plantations; developed for human use as dietary mineral supplement (aqueous).

APPLICATION RATES/ RATIOS:

As per Rockdust Primer, John Hamaker- by R.T.E.: A grower of crops or a gardener seeks a good response the fxrst year after a fall application. The response in any one-year depends on the amount of minerals available to the microorganisms, soil moisture and the amount of inert organic matter. If the last two factors are satisfactory, as little as 3 tons of gravel dust per acre worked into the top 4 inches of soil should give good results. However, 10 tons per acre worked in about 8 inches is preferable, since one application will eliminate the cost of a number of more frequent applications and give high yields.

Smaller amounts recommended for dust finer than 200 mesh & larger amounts if less fine than 200 meshes. Gravel dust typically has 90% passing through a #200 mesh screen (75 micron).

The Application Conversion Chart will help to determine how much gravel dust to use:

1) 3 tons/acre is considered the minimum application,

10 tons/acre preferred long-term application,

20 tons/acre is given as a major remedial application for especially dry, poor soil.

Approximate Application Rate Conversions US:

3 tons/acre = 14 lb/100 sq. ft. = 1.25 lb/sq. yd.

10 tons/acre = 46 lb/100 sq. ft. = 4 lb/sq. yd.

20 tons/acre = 92 lb/sq. ft. = 8 lb/sq. yd.

Approximate Application Rate Conversions International Metric Rate:

7.5 tons/hectare = 750 kg/1000 sq.m = 75 kg/100 sq.m = 750 grams/1 sq.m

25 to 25 tons/ha = 2.5 tons/1000 sq.m = 250 kg/100 sq.m = 2.5 kg/1 sq. m

50 to 50 tons/ha = 5 tons/1000 sq.m = 500 kg/100 sq.m = 5 kg/1 sq.m

2) Generalized US Aggregate Industry: produces 200 million tons "Rock Dust

Fines" commonly called rock dust, pond settlings, rock flour, classifier tailings, fine

sand and minus 200 mesh. These are by products and are regarded as waste.

Application Rates: 3 tons/acre = 14 lb/100 sqft = 1.251b/sqyd

1 Otons/acre = 46 lb/100 sqft = 4 lb/sqyd

20 tons/acre = 92 lb/100 sqft = 8 lb/sqyd

MINIMUM - two tons per acre for observable results, 5-10 tons per acre most

desirable.

MICROBES BREAK DOWN PARTICLES & RELEASE ELEMENTS OVER

TIME;

BENEFITS OF 5-10 TONS APPLICATION IS OBSERVABLE POSSIBLY FOR MANY GENERATIONS .

Particle Conversion Chart:

PARTICLE SIZE PARTICLE DIAMETER (MICRONS)

MESH

Fine sand 100 - 50 50 - 125

Very fine sand 250 - 100

125 - 250

Silt 50 - 2

250 - 6000

Clay 2 or less 6000 or more

11 Glacial Gravel/ Stone Meal Powder

DEFINITION:

Glacial gravel rock dust or stone meal is a natural mineral product, which is produced over many thousands of years by piedmont glacial action. It is made from a wide range of rock types including granite, basalt, clay and much more. Glacial loess is naturally deposited by wind and meltwater to valleys below, and contributes to the long term fertility of the valley especially alluvial plains.

BACKGROUND:

Piedmont glaciers are traveling glaciers as a result of the last ice age. As the glacier traveled it picked up different types of rock containing a full range of natural minerals and trace elements. At the end of the ice age the glacier receded leaving behind deposits of "glacial moraine". "Finely- ground glacial gravel is nature's way throughout the millennia to create fertile soils, as it is a natural mixture of rocks that creates a broad spectrum, of minerals in the soil in a natural balance. (John Hamaker).

EXCERPT FROM TODD FRANZ, GREENHOUSE DESIGNS - "STONE MEAL FOR A

HEALTHY GARDEN"

HOW FERTILE IS OUR TOPSOIL?

It has been a long, long time since most of the continent was covered by rock crushing ice sheets. Consequently,

our topsoil is much less fertile now than it was at the end of the last ice age when billions of tons of stone meal

were being spread far and wide. The demineralized soils we now have are due to the natural effects of erosion

and the leaching of minerals and trace elements deep into the subsoil, out of reach from most plants including

our crops.

This problem is compounded by the introduction of synthetic petrochemical pesticides and "fertilizers."

Chemicals kill the micro-organisms in the soil, which are responsible for the transfer of minerals and trace

elements to the root systems of plants. Chemically treated plants may look nice and green, but nutritionally speaking it will be an empty harvest. Even organically grown produce doesn't have nearly the mineral content it

should.

THE INCREDIBLE BENEFITS OF STONE MEAL

Remineralization with stone meal causes a phenomenal growth of the microorganisms in the soil. A handful of

this soil contains as many micro-organisms as there are people on the planet! Stone meal also enhances and

speeds up the process of composting, increases the nutrient intake of plants, counters the effects of soil acidity,

prevents soil erosion and repels insects as well. Plants become highly resistant to insects, disease, frost and

drought.

The world's healthiest people, the Hunzas, live at the base of the Ultar Glacier in East Pakistan. Cancer is

unknown among them along with virtually every other disease known to modern man. They regularly live well

past 100 years of age in excellent health, with some reported living up to 140 years. It has been well documented

for decades that their crops are watered by the milky gray melt water from the glacier and that they have been

adding stone meal and compost to their fields for countless generations.

Stone meal, or gesteinsmehl as they call it, is being applied to forests and farmland in Europe with amazing

success. Germany and Austria are putting an end to "Waldsterben," the massive die off of trees in the Black

Forest and elsewhere, previously thought to be lost forever to the affects of acid rain, pollution and demineralization. The results of a long term experiment in Austria, released in 1986 showed that in a forest

where pine seedlings were dusted with stone meal, after 24 years the wood volume was four times higher than in

control areas.

Dr. C. S. Hansen has experimented extensively with stone meal in Utah. In one experiment he spread a bag of

stone meal on the ground around an orange tree with mature fruit. The tree was full of heavy metals: zinc, lead,

mercury and insecticides. Within four minutes of spreading the stone meal, every orange and leaf on that tree

was free of the harmful effects of the heavy metals, DDT and other chemicals.

In another experiment, Georgia cattle ranchers mixed 5% stone meal into their animals' feed and found that after

112 days the dust fed animals had gained 28% more weight than those on the control diet, while at the same

time consuming 21 % less feed and all were in superior health.

In Michigan, a corn farmer spread stone meal on his fields. The following year his rernineralized corn produced

65 bushels per acre compared with yields of fewer than 25 bushels from other local farms. His corn was found to contain a much higher mineral and trace element content than the same type of corn grown with chemical

fertilizers nearby.

REPORTED BENEFITS OF STONE MEAL:

□ Optimally nutritious, great tasting produce:

□ Plants with approximately four times the growth rate and three times the yield:

□ Dramatic decrease in the number of insects:

□ Counteracts the effects of chemicals, which may be in your soil and/or water supply:

□ Plants that are much more resistant to disease and extremes of weather:

□ Speeds up the process of composting:

□ Increases the nutrient intake of plants:

□ Counters the effects of soil acidity:

□ Helps prevent soil erosion:

DID YOU KNOW THAT...

□ Today you'd have to eat about 75 bowls of commercially grown spinach in order to receive the same

amount of iron found in one bowl back in 1948;

□ The protein content of wheat today is only 20% that of wheat grown before World War II and the use of

chemical fertilizers.

FIVE POINTS ON MINERALS

1. According to Senate Document No. 264, the official publication, 99% of all Americans are deficient in

mmerals and trace elements.

2. The body is equipped to process only a small amount of some inorganic elements from nature. Therefore, the body requires the minerals to come from plants in a colloidal form that the minerals may

be properly assimilated and utilized.

3. Trace colloidal minerals are more important in nutrition than vitamins, which cannot function unless

minerals are present.

4. Minerals must be present in our food for our sense of taste to function. This is why so many of our fruits

and vegetables are tasteless and processed foods have artificial flavors and taste enhancers added.

5. Minerals and trace elements are the catalysts, which allow the body's biochemistry to function, a breakdown of which results in disease. Many nutritionists and physicians now agree that there is only one

disease: malnutrition, and that all other ills derive from it. FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Mixed slacial gravel rock in glacial deposits was once thought to be the main source of rock dust and demonstrates all the benefits identified in "Rock Dust" Overview.

In addition to farm, landscaping, bioremediation and forestry applications, an exciting

(predominately urban) market is emerging for using mineral nutrient solutions in hydroponics, drip irrigation (fertigation), aquaponic greenhouses, green roofs, rooftop gardens, aeroponic vertical gardening, green walls and other innovations has developed. "Stone meal usage causes a phenomenal growth of the microorganism's population in the soil; it also enhances & speeds the composting process, increases nutrient intake in plants, counters soil acidity, prevents soil erosion and repels insects, and plants develop increased resistance to insects, disease, frost and drought." (Todd Franz, Greenhouse Designs, CA)

SUPPLIERS:

1) Gaia Greens - Grand Forks, BC Canada

2) Target Products Ltd.

3) Flower of Life Stone Meal, Greenhouse Designs, California APPLICATION RATES/ RATIOS:

1) Gaia Green Brand Glacial Rock Dust: is a mineral product for all horticultural purposes. Good for garden and landscapes, transplanting and pre-mixing growing media and composting.

Application Rate: Garden & Landscape: Up to 10 kg. (22 lbs.) per 10m2. (100 sq. ft.). Gently dig into the soil surface up to once per year or as desired.

Transplanting and Pre-Mixing Soil: Thoroughly mix 120ml. (8tbsp.) into 4L (lgal.) of soil or growing medium prior to planting.

Composting: Mix liberally into compost pile or bin as microbial enhancer during processing. Also mix Gaia Green Glacial Rock Dust with any finished compost to improve mineral balance.

Guaranteed minimum analysis: Calcium (Ca) 1.4%, Magnesium (Mg) 0.562%, Cobalt

(CO)0.00234%, Iron (Fe) .0.95%, Sodium (Na) 1.25%

Ingredients: 100% Authentic Canadian Glacial Moraine

2) Target Brand Glacial Dust:

Can replace key elements that have been depleted from soil over the years. Replacing these missing minerals makes the soil healthier, which makes plants healthier. TARGET Glacial Dust supplies silicate minerals in a form readily used by nature to create healthy soil. It helps the soil recreate the colloids (minerals and humus), which are needed to improve soil structure, moisture holding properties, nutrient availability and bacterial action.

Application Rates:

CONTAINER NURSERIES

Add 10 to 15 ml (1 to 3 Tbsp.) TARGET Glacial Dust per cell to your soil mix. When watering, add 10 to 15 ml to 1.1 L (1 to 3 Tbsp. to 1 quart) of water every 2 or 3 weeks if possible.

FORESTS

1 - 4 tons per acre.

1 - 3.6 tonnes per acre.

BAREROOT NURSERIES

Add 1 kg per m2 (1 lb. per 5 sq. ft.) by mixing into 5 - 10 cm (2" - 4") of soil.

FIELD CROPS

1 - 4 tons per acre.

1 - 3.6 tonnes per acre. 3. Flower of Life Stone Meal:

Rock dust of glacial origin with a broad spectrum of minerals and important trace elements.

For best results use with equal amount (by weight) of compost.

APPLICATION RATE:

□ Vegetable & Flower Gardens:

I lb. per square foot; mix into top 3-5" of soil

□ Potted Plants:

I tbsp. per 2 cups potting soil; thereafter water with I tbsp. per quart, twice monthly

□ Lawns:

10 lbs. per 100 square feet

□ Fruit Trees:

Spread on ground 1/8" deep out to drip line of tree, cover with compost or mulch, water thoroughly

□ Farms/Forests:

5-10 tons per acre

ANALYSIS:

Available Phosphoric Acid (P2 05 ) 0.3537%

Soluble Potash (K2 0) 0.0057%

Calcium (Ca) 6.38%

Magnesium (Mg) 7.96%

Iron (Fe) 8.42%

Manganese (Mn) 0.0968%

Sodium (Na) 2.34%

Source: Glacially Ground Rock

Todd Franz

Greenhouse Designs, California

12 Paramagnetic Basalt Powder

DEFINITION:

Basalt is a dark-colored, fine-grained, igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene minerals (pyroxene, any of a group of important rock-forming silicate minerals of variable composition, among which calcium-, magnesium-, and iron-rich varieties predominate). It most commonly forms as a volcanic extrusive rock, such as a lava flow, but can also form in small intrusive bodies, such as an igneous dike or a thin sill. This igneous rock is low in silica content, dark in color, and comparatively rich in iron and magnesium.

BACKGROUND :

Minerals and trace elements in basalt rock and volcanic ash cloud are extremely beneficial for the planet. The rocks themselves have the basic elements for life including carbon, phosphorous and nitrogen, only requiring water to complete the formula. It is high in silicates, iron, and magnesium. Some of the world's richest and most productive farmland is due to the minerals produced by nearby volcanoes.

In recent years, paramagnetism has become recognized as an important feature of types of basalt. Paramagnetic materials exhibit a beneficial magnetic energy field in response to the Earth's electromagnetic field. In association with agriculture, this biomagnetic energy field has important implications for soil health and plant growth. Paramagnetism has become a desirable feature, which has led to the direct usage of basalt and other volcanic origin rock types like magnetite.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Offers superior range of mineralization by microbes for plant uptake and depending on the quality of the minerals can target deficiencies. It also offers paramagnetic qualities. American scientist Dr. Philip Callahan (leading researcher of Ecological Agriculture) believes this paramagnetic "low- level energy" gives the soil the capacity to receive and store electromagnetic energy from the environment, which includes radio waves.

"Paramagnetism is the alignment of a force field in one direction by a substance in a magnetic field". The effect of this directional alignment is to facilitate a plant's access to nutrients & the transport of minerals through its root system". This has been shown to have profound influence on plant growth by boosting bio-mass of the root structure while strengthening plant fibers and accelerating germination of seeds all while these properties within the basalt acts as an antenna. All the world's most fertile soils are highly paramagnetic. (Dr. Philip Callahan- "Paramagnetism- the Missing Link in High-Production Fertility").

Basalt rock powder and volcanic ash can be used for: remineralizing leached crops/gardens with slow release properties (can stay in soil up to 3 years, building the humus complex unlike chemical additives that dissolve quickly); NPK elements are sustained in the soil at the root level much longer preventing leaching; increased plant ability to retain up to 50% more moisture in and around the root structure decreasing water intake and improving survival rates during dry periods; greater crop yields with longer growing seasons; no pesticides required as pests do not attract to healthy plants and are repulsed by paramagnetic effect; acidic ferrous oxide (iron) and alkaline limestone (calcium) are naturally buffered allowing a pH up to 7.3 ; healing the physical body; remediation of toxic waste; nontoxic basalt wool insulation materials; radiation shielding, etc.

SUPPLIERS:

1) Smiling Gardener - Victoria (Online store)

2) Pioneer Valley Brix Blend - Montrose, California

3) Okanagan regional quarries and mining claim sites

APPLICATION RATES/RATIOS:

1) R.E.M. Basalt Rock Dust: (as per recommendations by Remineralize the Earth) 150 and 500 pounds per 1000 square feet. Still, good results have been seen with less than 5 pounds per 1000 square feet on some occasions.

2) Pioneer Valley Brix Blend Basalt Rock Dust: Plot tests indicate a direct correlation between application rates and increased harvest weights. For remineralization; 5-50 lbs./100 sq. ft. in tillage (approx. 1- 10 tons/acre), 5-24 lbs./100 sq. ft. in direct to ground broadcasting (approx. 1- 5 tons/acre). Use the higher rates in tillage. For maintenance of adequate mineral loads in soils apply with crop rotations, I.e. 1,3,5 year rotations following initial application thereafter minimum to maximum rates apply unless heavy crop usage requires high application rates. May be incorporated into potting soil mixes up to 5% by volume depending on soils and plantings. 13 Soft Rock Phosphate Powder

DEFINITION:

Soft rock phosphate is a by-product of the hard rock phosphate mining industry. It is the soft, colloidal clay that lies between the various layers of hard rock phosphate. This colloidal clay is usually washed off and accumulated in settling ponds during the mining process. The phosphate source is completely natural, and it is in fact a truly remarkable fertilizer. It provides tremendous benefits to soil, microbe, and plant life.

BACKGROUND:

Hard rock phosphate, or natural rock phosphate, is not plant available and is insoluble in the soil. It requires a hyperactive bacterial system and a tremendous amount of soil acidity in order to derive much benefit.

Soft rock phosphate by comparison is more plant available and also is a pretty good supplier of silicon; it has a significant amount of boron in it, and a significant amount of other trace minerals,

approximately 60 trace minerals all together. It has been found to be an important ingredient in building soil phosphorus levels for organics.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

There is a larger amount of trace minerals in soft rock phosphate and there's a certain

electromagnetic energy or field with soft rock phosphate so that it's extremely sticky. This

electromagnetism helps to hold calcium up in the root zone, not only as a critical part of building the soil but by drawing calcium into the plant structure.

Currently 90% of rock phosphate production is used in the fertilizer industry and animal feed supplements and the balance for industrial chemicals.

Phosphorus plays an integral part in how plants function and grow, and is known to help plants with many of their most important tasks, including:

- Phosphate helps in photosynthesis, transporting nitrogen to the plant and calcium helps build stronger plants,

- Metabolism as it aids with energy transfer and storage,

- Moisture Retention as it helps plants use water more effectively,

- Growth Regulation as phosphorus increases root, vegetables & fruit production.

SUPPLIERS:

1) Gaia Greens, Grand Forks, BC Canada (Organic certified)

2) Nitron Industries Inc., Fayetteville, AR USA

APPLICATION RATES/ RATIOS:

1) Gaia Green Rock Phosphate (hard rock with chelator for plant uptake): a natural occurring mineral which is ground into a fine dust then granulated with a natural binder called

lignosulfonate (derived from soft wood trees) allowing for a consistent sized particle which is easy to apply dust-free. After application, the product dissolves in water returning the phosphate to a powder form. The lignosulfonate chelates trace minerals making them more available for plants with high cation exchange root systems to effectively obtain the phosphorous from the soil. Application Rate: This product is very effective used in conjunction with cover cropping programs. Gaia Green Rock Phosphate contains 27% total P205 with 3% available. The remaining amount of P205 is released over a period of about four (4) years.

Vegetable & Flower Gardens: 2.2kg l\ 0 m ² (51bs. II 00 ft ² . 2) Nitron Industries Soft Rock Phosphate: Application Rate:

Light Application: 7 lbs per 1 ,000 square feet, 1/4 cup per plant or 1 lb per 20 ft row Normal Application: 12 lbs per 1,000 square feet, 1/3 cup per plant or 2 lbs per 20 ft row Heavy Application: 25 lbs per 1,000 square feet, 1/2 cup per plant or 3 lbs per 20 ft row

14 Calcium Carbonate - Calcific/ Dolomite Lime DEFINITION:

Lime is a compound made up of calcium or calcium and magnesium.

BACKGROUND : The Romans made concrete by mixing lime and volcanic rock. For underwater structures, lime and volcanic ash were mixed to form mortar, and this mortar and volcanic tuff were packed into wooden forms. The seawater instantly triggered an exothermic chemical reaction. The lime was hydrated - incorporating water molecules into its structure - and reacted with the ash to cement the whole mixture together. It wasn't until the 1900's when it became used in agriculture. With the introduction of chemical fertilizer, reduced crop rotation practices, excess harvesting, to name a few, acidity has become a large issue with food production growing and soil pH balance. Lime became an excellent solution to counter low pH (acidity) and restore soil issues. (Wikipedia 2014)

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

It is used to reduce the damaging effects of acidic soil on lawns and gardens. Lime also reduces toxicity of elements in the soil, such as aluminum; manganese and iron, which adversely effect plant growth. Lime also adds desirable nutrients, such as calcium and phosphorus. In addition, it increases bacterial activity, which is vital for soil structure. Calcitic lime and dolomite lime are the two most common types used in agriculture and gardening. Calcitic lime is pure calcium carbonate; dolomite calcium contains equal parts of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate.

SUPPLIER:

1) Northern BC site

15 Calcium Sulphate - Gypsum Powder

DEFINITION:

Gypsum is calcium sulfate. Gypsum is seen as a universal soil amendment. It is often used as part of a strategy to correct compacted soil or soil with large amounts of clay. BACKGROUND:

Regular use of gypsum is essential to the sustainability of most irrigated soils. Irrigated land eventually leads to sodicity (salinity) unless extreme care is taken. Gypsum is a key ingredient for the maintenance of agriculture on many types of soil and over a wide pH range, including

'sodicity' - a measure of the amount of available sodium in water or soil. Therefore it can counteract excessive saline levels in the soil but not affecting the pH.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Gypsum effectively changes the structure and fertility of heavy clay soils, especially those that are heavily weathered or subject to intensive crop production. It literally pulls together large clay particles into even larger particles creating a porous consistency. Gypsum also improves sodic (saline) soils by removing sodium from the soil and replacing it with calcium. Most common benefits include:

1) Provides calcium which is needed to cluster clays in acid and alkaline soil to improve soil structure

2) Prevents crusting of soil and aids seed emergence

3) Is used to increase the solute concentration of low-solute water used for irrigation

4) Has a wider range of soil moisture levels where it is safe to till without danger of compaction or deflocculation

5) Improves water infiltration rates into soils and also the hydraulic conductivity of the soil

6) Improves the ability of soil to drain and not become waterlogged due to a combination of high sodium, swelling clay, and excess water

7) Gypsum is a source of calcium which is a major mechanism that binds soil organic matter to clay in soil which gives stability to soil aggregates

8) Counters excessive salinity without changing pH

SUPPLIERS:

1) Heemskirk Canada, Calgary, AB

2) Diamond K Agricultural Products. Richfield, UT USA

APPLICATION RATES/ RATIOS: It can be ground up into fine powder and easily spread on most surfaces for turf, garden plants, shrubs and flowers.

1) Heemskirk (HCA Mountain Minerals) - Powdered Gypsum -(100% natural processed directly from mined gypsum and not from desulfurization industrial processing). According to HCA Mountain Minerals (with operations in Lethbridge, AB), their gypsum product line has been used successfully for many years in agricultural soil amendments, as a drilling fluid additive and in environmental remediation applications. It has been used as a flocculent in the Oil and Gas industry to help reduce suspended solids in tailings ponds.

Application Rates:

Oil and Gas: As a mined product Heemskirk gypsum has shown improved tailings treatment processing rates.

Environmental Soil Remediation: gypsum can reach up to 60 tonnes per hectare, depending on the severity of the spill. Agricultural Soil Amendment: recommend soil testing before application.

Lawns, Gardens & Orchards: applying approximately 30 lbs. of Powdered Gypsum per 100 sq. foot.

2) Diamond K Agriculture - Premium 97 Gypsum-Calcium Sulfate: this product is used in soil fertility management programs; i.e. when plants are suffering from heavy, waterlogged and sodic soils. A form of calcium sulfate, gypsum may improve the structure of clay-bound soils and encourage overall sustainability of irrigated fields.

3) General Application Rates from Ed Hume, a grower

Lawn fertilizer: spreader rate of 40 pounds per thousand square feet

Flowers, shrubs, vegetables or a new lawn: mix 20 to 30 pounds per one thousand square feet of

Established plantings: rate of only 40 pounds per thousand square feet

16 Potassium-Bearing Rock Powder

BACKGROUND:

The English name for the element potassium comes from the word potash and refers to the method by which it can be obtained - leaching the ash of burnt wood or tree leaves and evaporating tire solution in a pot. Potash is primarily a mixture of potassium salts because plants have little or no sodium content, and the rest of a plant's major mineral content consists of calcium salts of relatively low solubility in water. While potash has been used since ancient times, it was not understood for most of its history to be a fundamentally different substance from sodium mineral salts. (Wikipedia 2014)

"The most common mineral sources of K in soils are feldspars and micas... soil minerals remaining from the primary parent material. Weathering of these primary minerals produces a range of secondary minerals that may also serve as a source of K in soil. These minerals include micaceous clays such as illite and venniculite. Crushed rocks and minerals have been evaluated as K sources in many field and greenhouse experiments". (Robert Mikkelsen)

16.1 K-Feldspar

DEFINITION:

'Feldspar ' is derived from the German word feld, which means 'field', and spar, which means 'crystal'. Their crystals come from magma veins in both intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks among others. The potassium feldspar group is composed of three mineral polymorphs, each having the same chemical composition, but slightly different crystal structures.

BACKGROUND:

K Feldspar minerals form a significant component of many sand deposits and sandstones.

Ultimately though, these minerals will break down to form clay minerals. These clay minerals form the bulk of the fine-grained muds, mudstones and shales that cover much of the land surface and shallow seafloor. The color varies form pink, reddish or white, hard blocky crystal masses that exhibit cleavage in two directions where faces meet nearly at right angles. (University of

Minnesota). FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Potassium feldspar is primarily used for effects with fertilizing farming in its ability to promote growth and reproduction. "Though it provides much needed potassium to plants, Feldspar is not plant available without additional treatment or weathering". (Robert Mikkelsen)

16.2 Glauconite (Greensand) DEFINITION:

"Greensand is the name commonly applied to a sandy rock or sediment containing a high percentage of the green mineral glauconite. Because of its K content (up to 5% K), greensand has been marketed for over 100 years as a natural fertilizer and soil conditioner ". (Managing Potassium for Organic Crop Production- Robert Mikkelsen)

It is an iron potassium phyllosilicate (mica group) mineral of characteristic green color with very low weathering resistance. It is mostly found in ocean waters influenced by shallow marine sediment. This sediment is grain-like consisting of a mixture of clay minerals and mica.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

The slow K release rate of greensand is touted to minimize the possibility of plant damage by fertilizer burn, while the mineral's moisture retention may aid soil conditioning. However, the K release rate is relatively slow in providing significant nutritional benefit to plants at realistic application rates. (Robert Mikkelsen)

"Glauconite was first used in Europe for its pigment with artistic oil painting especially in Russian icon paintings. It is also found as mineral pigment in wall paintings from the ancient Roman Gaul. Today glauconite, a major component of greensand, is a common ingredient source for organic gardening and farm fertilizer due to variable amounts of the mineral glauconite, an iron potassium silicate". (Wikipedia 2014)

16.3 Langbeinite DEFINITION:

Langbeinite is a distinctive geological material found in only a few locations in the world.

Commercial supplies of langbeinite come from underground mines near Carlsbad, New Mexico (USA), which were first commercially developed in the 1930s. These deposits were formed millions of years ago when a variety of salts, including langbeinite, were left behind after the evaporation of ancient ocean beds. These salt deposits were buried deep beneath hundreds of meters of sediment. The langbeinite deposit is currently mined with large boring machines, washed to remove impurities, and then crushed to various particle sizes. Like the deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada, langbeinite is considered a potash (or K-containing) fertilizer, and it also contains valuable Mg and S. Traces of iron oxide impurities give some langbeinite particles a reddish tint.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Langbeinite is a unique source of plant nutrition since three essential nutrients are naturally combined into one mineral. It provides a readily available supply of K, Mg, and S to growing plants". (IPNI - International Plant Nutrition Institute, NO. 6) "Langbenitie material

(K2S04 ^« MgS04) is allowed as a nutrient source if it is used in the raw, crushed form without any further refinement or purification. Several excellent sources of this approved product are available for use with organic crop production. Langbeinite typically contains 18% K, 11% Mg, and 22% S in forms readily available for plant uptake". (Managing Potassium for Organic Crop Production- Robert Mikkelsen)

17 Bentonite., Pozzolan &- Other Clays DEFINITION:

"Bentonite is an absorbent almuinium phyllosilicate, essentially clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite". (2014- En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentonite)

Pozzolan is a naturally calcined shale, a type of sedimentary soft layered rock formed when clay- size particles were deposited in calm muddy waters. Over geological time the particles compacted to form a porcelain type shale rock, heated by an underground geothermal reservoir.

BACKGROUND:

The name "Bentonite" Clay refers to clay first identified in cretaceous rocks in Fort Benton, Wyoming. Bentonite clay contains not less than 70% Montmorillonite (superfine flakey aluminosilicate) and is known for its medicinal, industrial and agricultural applications. It is formed from decomposed volcanic ash and contains 71 trace minerals. There are different types of bentonite, each named after the respective dominant element, such as potassium, sodium, calcium, and aluminium.

Zeolite (volcanic ash reacted with sea water having chelation abilities), Kaolin (China clay) and Pozzolan (a porous variety of volcanic ash) are similar types of soil conditioners that may be utilized depending upon availability and soil type and condition.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Bentonite is made up of a high number of tiny platelets that have negative electrical charges on the flat surfaces and positive charges on the edges. When bentonite absorbs water, it swells like a sponge. The electrical attraction draws toxins into these spaces and binds them there. The ionic surface of bentonite has a useful property in making a sticky coating on sand grains, creating a natural source of excellent molding sand.

The clay withstands higher temperatures and the excessive heat will not cause the clay to lose its chemical structure that is able to absorb 10 times it weight in water.

It is used in many Asian countries such as China, Thailand and India to reverse soil degradation. A positive effect on carbon and nitrogen mineralization has been documented (Bikram Borkotoki). Moreover, sick cows (and people) have been known to feed on clay banks until they feel better, leading to its use for animal feed and as a dietary supplement. Organic fertilizer formulations using bentonite have claimed many benefits for agriculture; other benefits are also noted below:

1. Stimulates beneficial soil organisms

2. Rebuilds and conditions soil structure

3. Excellent binder agent in manufacturing iron ore pellets

4. Can absorb pathogenic viruses, herbicides and pesticides - absorbent

5. Sodium bentonite swells when wetted with water, creating a watertight seal

6. Prevents seepage into surrounding soil thereby retaining water and thus hydration for plants

7. Acts as a great pH buffering agent

8. Does not harm fish, livestock, wild life or aquatic plant life

9. Many health benefits related to removal of toxins

10. Used in pharmaceuticals, food beverage, cosmetics and personal care products Pozzolan can be used for industrial ceramics, water treatment as a filtration medium, kitty litter, play field material, cement replacement, lightweight concrete block aggregate, and so on. For agricultural and environmental remediation purposes, the naturally calcined shale material naturally absorb and filter for water treatment devices, mine wastewater remediation, agricultural soil conditioning, and industrial clean ups.

SUPPLIERS:

1. Pacific Bentonite Clay, Ashcroft, BC Canada

2. Canadian Clay, Wilcox, SK Canada

3. Red Lake Earth, BC Canada (bentonite clay also has diatomaceous earth)

4. Pozzolite Inc. - Quesnel, BC pozzolan deposit/ processing site

20 SEAWATER/ SALT MINERALS:

21 Evaporated Seawater Solids

DEFINITION:

Seawater concentrates (dried salt solids from evaporated seawater) include 92 mineral elements and active organic compounds that have also been successfully employed to improve agricultural yields, plant immunity and other benefits.

BACKGROUND:

Evaporated seawater solids have been harvested from salt beds by the ocean or from saline lakes. Some well-known sources include Celtic sea salts from France, Baja California salt beds, Dead Sea salts from Israel and Utah's Salt Lake. Scientist Dr. Maynard Murray pioneered the sea energy agriculture movement. While one company continuing his work has emphasized the purity of unaltered sea solids, another company has currently removed most of the sodium chloride, claiming to create a potent cost-effective product that can be diluted for liquid applications.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Sea solids are marine products that are naturally derived from ocean water and can be produced using a special process that protects the enzymes and organic substances that occur naturally. Gregory and Overberger have shown that the marine saline matrix contains 92 trace elements of Mendelev's periodic table. The seawater matrix includes all vital nutrient salts and trace elements at concentrations ranging from 1 mg/L and 10 mg/L. It exhibits an important buffering capability, with a pH comprised between 7.9 and 8.3 and a mean saline concentration of 33/%. These trace elements are presented in a highly available form and provide important enzyme co-factors that enable plants to form more complete compounds. These elements give optimum benefit to plants as nutrition and in turn to replenish mineral nutrient density in animals and humans.

SUPPLIERS:

1. Sea Minerals, Siloam Springs, AZ USA

2. Ambrosia Technologies Ltd, Raymond, WA USA

3. SeaAgri Inc., Dunwoodv. GA USA 30356

APPLICATION RATES/ RATIOS: l. Sea Minerals FA Organic Fertilizer: works as a soil fertility supplement that re-mineralizes the soil. SEA MINERALS is "nearly 100%" water soluble in contrast to rock powders, which are normally not unless microfine.

Application Rate:

Foliar Spray: 20-gallons/ acre

Pasture & Hay Meadows: 4 lbs./ 20 gallons of water /acre with 3 applications per year Row Crops: 4 lbs./ 20 gallons of water every 14 days

House Plants: ½ Tbsp./ 2 gallons of water

Lawn, Turf: 2 lbs./ 100 gallons of water, apply every 14 days in growing season 2. Ambrosia Technologies LLC- "Sea Crop": is a naturally derived concentrate of ocean minerals containing low levels of sodium chloride. The product contains 20% solids by weight of which 12% is sodium chloride and 88% is a combination of marine minerals and organic substances. It is widely used to increase tolerance to stress and thus acts as a biostimulant as well. Sea-Crop can also stimulate beneficial microbe populations to release more nutrients to plants.

Application Rates: Sea-Crop was designed for raising the quality of forages when applied at a rate of 2-8 litres per acre, 10-14 days after each cutting. Applying just 1/2-1 litres per acre, per week in irrigation, or as a foliar on vegetables, can help build plant immunity. For field crops such as corn and soybeans, Ambrosia recommend applying 2-8 litres per acre at appropriate plant growth stages. For serious disease issues, increase the rate up to lOx for better response. For field crops, recommend applying 2-3 litres per acre, every 3-4 weeks.

3. SeaAgri Inc. - "Sea-90"- this product is 100% natural evaporated minerals produced by solar dehydrating water from sea water trapped in retention ponds located in pristine coastal areas where no industry or agriculture is found. It is created from pure ocean water containing vital minerals and trace elements. The minerals are considered to be of the most rich and diverse in sea life. This fertilizer is used in all types of organic and conventional crop, pasture and livestock production.

22 Ancient Sea Salt Deposits

DEFINITION:

There are a number of mined sea salts from ancient geological deposits, of which Himalayan rock salt is the most popular. Himalayan salt is a term for halite from Pakistan and other nearby

countries, which began being sold by various companies in Europe, North America, and Australia in the early 21st century. The chemical composition of salt includes 95-96% sodium chloride, with 2-3% polyhalite and small amounts of other trace minerals. Iron gives it a pinkish colour.

BACKGROUND:

Natural Himalayan crystal salt contains all the elements of which the human body is comprised.

"From the periodic table of elements we are familiar with 84 natural elements (stable as well as unstable). Apart from inert gases, all of these elements can be found in crystal salt. Hence, crystal salt contains all natural minerals and trace elements that are found in the human body". (Dr.

Barbara Hendell)

With the advent of industrial development, natural salt was "chemically cleaned" and reduced to the combination of sodium and chloride. Essential minerals and trace elements were removed as so called "impurities", which is now questioned.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

The body can more readily metabolize Himalayan crystal salts than refined table salt. This is the reason that it should also be used for seasoning your food and for all cooking and baking needs.

Himalayan Salt crystals have a much higher mineral content than Dead Sea Salt. Locked within the crystals are the same 84 minerals as those found in the body. It is believed that unlike refined table salt, it can be easily absorbed and metabolized by your body. A Himalayan Salt bath will support the natural regeneration of the skin. Europeans have long believed in the benefit of Himalayan salt to detoxify, neutralize skin impurities, relieve sore muscles and lift your spirits.

SUPPLIERS:

1. Natural Health International (online)

2. GSC (GAMMA Salt Cristals Ltd.) Toronto, ON Canada

APPLICATION RATES/ RATIOS:

1. Natural Health International- Original Himalayan Crystal Salt - contains 84 minerals Administration Rate:

One teaspoon contains approximately 41 lmg of sodium. The USD A recommends a daily intake of no more than 2,500mg of sodium depending on your body weight.

2. GSC Gamma Salt- Genuine Himalayan Crystal Salts- Administration Rate:

Prepare as brine: Fill 3/4 of the jar with distilled or spring water. After several hours you will obtain a brine solution with a salt part of approximately 26%. The salt crystals will stop dissolving further and the concentration will remain.

Prepare for drinking: 1 teaspoon of Brine solution once a day in the morning (30 minutes before breakfast) in a glass of fresh spring water. During the day drink at least 6-8 glasses of pure spring water.

**EXCERPT FROM Mike Donkers, Natural News, 2008

How to ocean farm (with sea salt minerals)

First, I make a Sole. Here is how I do it:

Take a glass container (a bottle or ajar) with a lid on it so you can screw the container tight and shake the contents without spilling. Cover the bottom with Celtic sea salt (the grey, unrefined kind) or Himalaya salt. Fill the container with good-quality water, either spring water, mineral water or filtered tap water. Shake the contents until the salt has completely dissolved. If you have coarse salt, this could take up to 24 hours and you may have to shake several times. Once the salt has dissolved repeat the process, adding more and more salt until the water is completely saturated and there are salt crystals at the bottom which will no longer dissolve. You now have concentrated sea salt water or Himalaya water, otherwise known as Sole, referring to water and sunlight, liquid sunlight'.

The next thing you need to get is a TDS meter. These are available on the web. This gives you the ability to measure exactly the salt content of the solution you are working with in parts per million (ppm). To ocean-grow most plants you can use a solution of 2000 ppm. This comes to about 4 teaspoons of Sole per quart of water. Be sure to measure the TDS (total dissolved solids) content. You can use one Sole type of to get up to 2000 ppm, in which case I recommend Celtic Sea Salt. If you want to combine it with a good rock salt, I recommend Himalaya Salt. I start out with soaking the seeds for 24 hours in a 2000 ppm solution as well as treating the soil with the same solution. This way both the seeds and the soil get a head start. When I plant the seeds I cover them with a thin top layer of soil, which I also spray with a 2000 ppm solution. This will give the seeds and soil a nice damp start, but not too damp.

The second thing you need to figure out is how often to apply a solution. My golden rule is to not overdo it. I reapply the solution by spraying when the soil is nearly dry, thus giving the seeds and soil mhrimal nutrition. This strengthens them because they have to make the most of what I give them, plus I create conditions which are not too moist, which feeds fungi. You can harvest at any stage in growth, but of course the plant will be at its most energetic and nutritious when it is young.

If you want to experiment with the salt tolerance of certain crops, go by your intuition and what the plants are telling you. For example, if they develop yellow or brown leaves, back down on the salt and give them water only to water down the solution you have applied. This will not kill or harm the plant permanently and you will be able to figure out the right dose.

I prefer to grow outdoors in indirect sunlight, even in winter time (growth will be slower then). You can also choose to grow without soil (hydroponics), indoors or outdoors. In soil, fewer applications of ocean solution are necessary because the soil fixes the minerals and, because they are salts, the soil and plants will use water more economically.

When growing outdoors make sure you reapply an ocean solution after heavy rainfall, as rainfall causes the minerals to wash back out to sea. Do this on a dry day. A few drops of rain will not be so bad, in fact they will help to push the minerals deeper into the soil and closer to the roots.

What is really essential is the quality of the water in which you make the solution. Use living water, do not go for distilled or reverse-osmosis water as this is dead water. Use either filtered tap water or spring or mineral water, preferably at its natural temperature of 39 degrees Fahrenheit (4 degrees Celsius). Don't go over 48 Fahrenheit (9 degrees Celsius) as the water will lose its strength and vitality. This is according to the teachings of Viktor Schauberger.

23 Marine Plasma Seawater

DEFINITION:

"Marine Plasma is the living fluid produced by dense fields of zooplankton as they consume smaller phyto -plankton used to restore internal milieu to its original marine inheritance". (Dr. Roy Dittman)

BACKGROUND:

Dr. Rene Quinton of the Quinton Laboratoires in France recognized the idea of 'marine plasma seawater' in 1905. Quinton Marine Plasma was officially recognized as a medicine around 1907. In 1941, Quinton Isotonic, and Hypertonic products were 'registered' as medicines & included in France's equivalent of the Physician 's Desk Reference, until 1999, referencing oral and topical applications. He developed a seawater extract that was used for transfusions in place of blood plasma in World War I. Today, forward-thinking doctors and scientists are beginning to understand what Quinton knew 100 years ago that marine plasma has the power to regulate our own "internal ocean" as it informs our genetic potential. Dr. Quinton' s principle laws of Osmosis and marine consistency' was foundational to understanding how marme plasma influenced health and wellness within animals and humans. FUNCTION:

Unique marine plasma harvested from one vortex plankton bloom, at certain times, under certain conditions is the fabric of this solution. It has proven to be an incredibly effective way to restore cellular homeostasis and mineral balance. Microscopic sea organisms create 'marine plasma'. It has been speculated that the secret of our biological ancestry lies in these microscopic organisms. The plasma restores our 'Bioterrain' to its vital primordial ocean identity.

**EXCERPT FROM Mike Donkers, Natural News, 2008

Chlorophyll as a plasma

Photosynthesis is the interaction of sunlight and water. This forms the basis of all plant life. This too began in the sea. Chlorophyll is the product of photosynthesis and led to green, one-celled organisms. These washed onto land and led to plant life. People and animals not only share a genetic link with the sea but also with green plants, as chlorophyll is 98% identical to blood.

Chlorophyll, too, has a magnesium core while iron forms the basis for blood. The conversion of magnesium in chlorophyll to iron is once again complete once this comes into contact with blood. Like sea water, chlorophyll is therefore a plasma and is sometimes referred to as the 'blood of the plant'.

Sea minerals and chlorophyll as healers

Disease is caused by a shortage of minerals, which causes acidification. With the exception of a few, all minerals are alkalizing. In order to combat disease and acidification, alkalization and mineralization is key. Since sea water and green plants both have the very alkaline magnesium as a base, these are vital in fighting disease. Magnesium is the mineral of life.

Sea minerals and chlorophyll have the capacity to regenerate all cellular life. Sea minerals enrich the soil and plants with all necessary minerals and trace elements, the building blocks of life, in exactly the right proportions and composition. They provide the information and energy that cells need to regenerate by alkalizing and mineralizing the environment of the cells. This approach is therefore pro-life, not anti-disease. Sea minerals and chlorophyll help the organism maintain and regain its health. Ocean-grown plants can have the same effect on humans and animals who eat these plants.

Sea minerals as fertilizer

When sea minerals serve as plant food, the plants and soil take up more minerals and trace elements than they would get from any other type of fertilizer, including organic fertilizer. All of the earth's elements, both known and unknown, can be found in sea water. Scientists have so far been able to identify 92 elements in sea water and 84 in umefined sea salt.

Thus it makes perfect sense to use diluted sea minerals on the 30% land mass on which we live. Contrary to a healthy sea environment, there is more disease, aging, shortening of life spans and cell degeneration on land. By working with dilutions which are so extreme you can hardly taste the salt, there will be no salinization of the plants and soil, so the minerals can be used to their full advantage to help crops develop, grow and build up resistance.

Disease is acidification. Sea minerals alkalize and mineralize the soil, which makes for a healthy soil and soil life. Insects, fungi and other pathogens only clean up weaker crops and will not touch ocean-grown crops or the crops will show remarkable resistance to these micro-organisms. Weeds often thrive on slightly acidic soils and they will also stay away. Insecticides, fungicides and herbicides are then no longer needed. These chemicals have a highly acidic effect and will only deprive the soil and soil life of vital nutrients because they don't work with nature but against it. The same is true for artificial fertilizer and non-composted organic fertilizer. Sea minerals are a natural alternative which allows you to work with the building blocks of life and in perfect harmony with nature.

Sea minerals and grass

No other crop is more receptive to sea minerals than grass. Grass grows in all places and at all times, it grows on everything and nothing. It is the predominant species of green plant on the 30% land mass we live on and it is a true survivor. Give grass the pure life force of sea minerals and it will take up every single mineral. Other plants make their own selection from the 'menu' served up by sea minerals, but grass loves them all. It is often thought that many plants, most notably grass, cannot grow without nitrogen. Though nitrogen promotes rapid growth, an excess of nitrogen does not feed the plants nor does it promote real health.

Good food means good health, it is the fuel that keeps the engine running smoothly. Sea minerals act as nutrients because of their alkalizing and mineralizing nature, keeping disease and acidification at bay. The plant's natural immune system is boosted in this way. Plants need minerals. They will get their nitrogen in other ways, just like they do their carbon and sulphur, as these naturally occur in the atmosphere (air, rainwater). These are life-giving substances and so are sea minerals.

Sea minerals not only promote fast growth, but above all healthy growth. In no other crop is this more visible than grass. Even if the difference between ocean-grown grass and grass fertilized in other ways is not immediately visible, any grazing animal will immediately select ocean-grown grass when given the choice, because the animal instinctively knows ocean-grown grass has more nutritional value. Ocean-grown grass contains a balanced complex of minerals and trace elements as well as large amounts of chlorophyll. This is good for the grass and the grazer. The milk and meat of these ariimals is good for us humans. Thus a cycle is established which literally starts at the root.

BENEFITS.

For agriculture, as noted above. For human and animal health, improves cellular nutrition, detoxification, genetic nutrition, hydration, immune support, intestinal wellness.

SUPPLIERS:

1. Quinton America INC, USA- (PlasmaQuinton.com)

2. Sea Plasma, ¹ QuintEssential'

3. Original Quinton, Buena Park. CA TABLE 4 - PART 2 30 NATURAL BIOSTIMULANTS (OVERVIEW):

DEFINITION:

"Biostimulants can be defined as beneficial strains of bacteria, fungi and algae, or other natural organic substances, that are added to stimulate plants in achieving their maximum potential and aid in the regeneration of healthy soil. While they are often mislabeled as fertilizers, biostimulants are better understood as organic amendments and soil conditioners". ("Soil doctors");

"Any material of biological origin that enhances plant growth or development when applied to the soil".

(http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/biostimulant) BACKGROUND:

Just as organic matter is considered "dirty" by some people, bacteria and other microbes are often misperceived as disease-producing "pathogens", inciting fear in our medically sanitized modern world. The reality is that most microorganisms are very useful to people, agriculture and industry, and are essential to health and the maintenance of all life. Microbes can be found almost everywhere including within the human gut as an integral part of digestion. Natural health and wellness professions have started to better educate the public and this industry now abounds with probiotics and enzyme supplements to maintain healthy gut flora.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

The primary role of biostimulants is to support good soil structure and microbial activity, increase nutrient availability, increase stress tolerance and catalyze other beneficial interactions. They differ from pesticide/ biocide products because they act to support plant vigor, resilience and immunity but don't usually have any direct actions against pests and disease.

Biostimulants help address some of the most important challenges facing global agriculture in coming years:

1. Support microbial activity

2. Provide sources of mineral & trace elements

3. Increase nutrient availability

4. Increase stress tolerance

5. Catalyze other beneficial interactions

6. Yield increases and enhanced crop quality

7. Biostimulants increase plant tolerance to and recovery from abiotic stresses

8. By facilitating nutrient assimilation, translocation and use, biostimulants help keep nutrients from leacliing or ranning off into neighboring ecosystems; better use of the natural resources from which many crop nutrition products are derived

9. Biostimulants can enhance quality attributes of produce, including sugar content, colour, fruit seeding, etc. Enhanced quality can mean higher incomes for farmers, better storage and more nutritious food for consumers

10. Biostimulants help protect and improve soil health by fostering the development of beneficial soil microorganisms. Healthier soil retains water more effectively and better resists erosion. 31 Organic Carbon Humates

DEFINITION:

Humic substances (humates) are the result of decomposed prehistoric plant and animal matter with many trace elements, vitamins and other properties to provide plants what they need for rapid and healthy growth. High quality humates are mostly organic carbon and contain salts of fulvic, humic and ulmic acids and lignin. Humic substances are black to brown, highly functionalized carbon-rich macromolecules. They are naturally occurring brown to black plant organic material. Humic substances are very resistant to further biodegradation.

BACKGROUND :

Humates are now recognized as the single most productive input in sustainable agriculture. They consist of humic and fulvic acid along with the raw humates (prehistoric plant matter) from which these powerful natural acids are derived. Leonardite is generally recognized as the 'champagne' of humates. (NTS- Graeme Sait). However, Humalite found in Alberta is also seen to be highly effective.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

These humic substances act as organic chelators, which enhance the uptake and utilization of plant nutrients. The cation exchange capacity of the soil increases improving the transfer of nutrients through cell membranes of plant root material. Physically, they promote good soil structure and increase its water holding capacity. Biologically, they support the activities of microorganisms. Chemically, they serve as an adsorption and retention complex for inorganic plant nutrients.

Nutritionally, they are sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur for plants and microorganisms. Many university studies have confirmed these positive effects on soil fertility (Hu Mates).

Humates also have an important role to play in bioremediation and soil conditioning. Humic substances can decompose and absorb existing residual pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers by binding them to different compounds such as lignin. Then beneficial soil biology can work at breaking down these harmful chemicals into simpler compounds, which can be subsequently absorbed by plant roots. Complete natural humates can protect plants from many harmful pathogens in combination with naturally occurring active microorganisms (Turf Pro USA).

31.1 Humic Acid

DEFINITION:

Humic acid is a principal component of humic substances, which are the major organic constituents of soil (humus), peat, coal, many upland streams, dystrophic lakes, and ocean water.

BACKGROUND : These various forms of humic acid have been used throughout the world to increase soil microbial populations, soil quality, crop quality and crop yields.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Humic acids are best known as a 'soil conditioner', which makes poor soils good and good soils great. For soils to remain fertile, humus must either be replaced or added. Applying humic acid accomplishes this and increases the natural fertility of the soil. For agriculture humic acid stimulates and promotes plant development, resulting in both higher yields and higher quality.

The key benefits are improvements to the structure of soil, improved water usage, seed germination, root growth and ultimately the quality of yields. They work as a compliment to the fertilizer and the benefit is a more efficient use.

1. It has been shown to have the ability to convert a number of mineral elements into forms available to plants, as well as increasing the availability of phosphate.

2. Humic acid also serves as a host for microorganisms, as well as direct plant stimulation by providing a slow release of auxins, amino acids, and organic phosphates.

3. By assisting in the retention of moisture, it helps to prevent water and nutrient losses in sandy soils.

4. It regulates the pH of the soil whether acid or alkaline

5. It helps to retain water-soluble inorganic fertilizers in the root zones and reduces their leaching, and improves the cation exchange capacity {Brandt Consolidated, Inc.).

They have the ability to make soil perform better even if it is a marginal soil

condition. Fertilizers provide a nutrient source for the plant, but rarely have any benefit to the soil. When applied to sandy soils, humic acids can provide organic matter and help retain water, which is essential to plant growth. Some fertilizers are mobile in the soil and have the potential to leach out of the root zone in sandy soils. Where as granular humic acids can help hold these fertilizers in the root zone for longer periods of time and allow the plant to take up more nutrients.

SUPPLIERS:

1. Black Earth AG Humalite- "Black Earth Powder & Super-Powder" can be used as a soil amendment, fertilizer enhancer and ariimal feed supplement. It can also be used as a microbial growth promoter for soil and waste treatment. In a full-scale processing plant, Black Earth Powder and Super-Powder can be extracted to make liquid products. With at least 80% humic acid content, Black Earth Humic claims to have the highest quality humus material in North America.

2. CDN Humalite Int.- "CHI Liquid Carbon" - is 100% naturally organic and approved as an organic input. CHI Liquid Carbon is a liquid product derived from natural material rich in soil organic matter and humic substances. It may be used as a soil amendment, foliar spray or fertilizer enhancer. Soil organic matters and humic substances may improve the quality of soil, growth of soil organisms, and uptakes of nutrients by plants. CHI Liquid Carbon will contribute to improving soil quality, texture, water holding capacity and sustainability, while breaking down clay lattices and reducing sodium built up in soils.

3. Micro Maxx, Kelowna, BC Canada

31.2 Fulvic Acid

DEFINITION:

Fulvic acid is the part of the humic structure in rich composting soil. It is an acid created in extremely small amounts by the action of millions of beneficial microbes, working on decaying plant matter in a soil environment with adequate oxygen. Its composition is filled with many trace elements, vitamins and other properties to provide plants what they need for rapid and healthy growth. It is of low molecular weight and is biologically very active.

BACKGROUND:

Fulvic acid is soluble in water under all pH conditions, and its light molecular weight makes it ideal for those doing foliar spraying and other aqueous applications for agriculture. It is the preferred humate of use in hydroponics because of its liquid nature.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Fulvic acid usually carries 70 or more minerals and trace elements as part of its molecular complexes. These are then in ideal natural form to be absorbed by plant roots and interact with living cells:

1. Plants readily absorb high amounts of fulvic acid and maintain it in their structure.

2. Fulvic acid has equally impressive health claims, including being a superior natural electrolyte, helping with human enzyme production and hormone structures.

3. Promoting cellular ATP energy production, and increasing cellular utilization of vitamins and minerals.

4. It can also be used externally to treat wounds, heal burns, treat rashes and act as a fungicide.

5. Most astonishing results relate to its effectiveness in chelating and neutralizing a wide range of toxic chemicals that include petro-chemicals, heavy metals and radioactive waste. Fulvic Acid attracts 3 times its weight in radioisotopes and other heavy metals.

"Radioactive elements have an affinity for humic and fulvic acids. They form organo-metal complexes of different adsorptive stability and solubility. Uranium and plutonium are influenced by humic substances as are other polluting metals, each being solubilized and absorbed, thereby annihilating the specific radioactivity" (W.R. Jackson PhD. Humic, Fulvic, and Microbial Balance: Organic Soil Conditioning, 1993).

6. When pH is low, it is suitable as a foliar spray and fertilizer enhancer and may improve the quality soil, growth of soil organisms, and the uptakes of nutrients by plants.

SUPPLIERS:

1. Black Earth Inc., Riley AB Canada- "Liquid Fulvic & Organo Liquid Fulvic" (OMR! Listed)

2. Canadian Humalite International, Edmonton AB Canada - "CHI Liquid Fulvic" is a low molecular weight liquid derived from natural material rich in soil organic matters and humic substances. CHI Liquid Fulvic (Concentrate) acid is a small compound that can very easily enter the cells of plants. It acts as a natural chelating agent binding to nutrients to create fulvic acid. CHI Liquid Fulvic (Concentrate) is best applied as a foliar application to plants.

32 ALGAE, KELP MEAL & SEAWEED EXTRACT

DEFINITION: Phytoplankton (microalgae) are photosynthesizing microscopic organisms, rich in chlorophyll, that inhabit the upper sunlit layer of almost all oceans and bodies of fresh water.

Kelps are large seaweeds (multicellular algae) belonging to the brown algae (Phaeophyceae) in the order Laminariales. There are about 30 different varieties. Kelp grows in underwater "forests" (kelp forests) in shallow oceans, and is thought to have appeared in the Miocene, 23 to 5 million years ago. The organisms require nutrient-rich water with temperatures between 6 and 14 °C (43 and 57 °F). They are known for their high growth rate— the genera Macrocystis and Nereocystis can grow as fast as half a metre a day, reaching 30 to 80 metres (100 to 260 ft).

Through the 19th century, the word "kelp" was closely associated with seaweeds that could be burned to obtain soda ash (primarily sodium carbonate). The seaweeds used included species from both the orders Laminariales and Fucales. The word "kelp" was also used directly to refer to these processed ashes. (Wikipedia- March 2014)

BACKGROUND:

Kelp and other types of seaweed are also increasingly being recognized as an important natural source of vital nutritional requirements for animal feed and human health. Recent attention on the diets of cultures with a history of health and longevity has also emphasized the role of sea kelp. The Japanese in particular have attracted much attention as sea kelp traditionally accounted for as much as 25% of their diet. It has been gaining popularity in Australia and the Western world as a unique natural tonic and an excellent source of iodine.

Sea kelp has a long history of medicinal use stermning back to the ancient Greeks who used it to treat intestinal disorders and counteract goiter. Later kelp increasingly found its way into homoeopathy and herbalism where it was first used as a remedy for obesity, goiter, poor digestion, flatulence and obstinate constipation. It has since also demonstrated remedial and normalizing effects on the sensory nerves, arteries, pylorus, colon, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, bile duct, kidneys, prostate gland, uterus, testicles and ovaries. Researchers have established strong links to the prevention of breast cancers in women.

{Lawrence Wilson MD 2013, Benefits of Kelp)

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Kelp seaweed fertilizer can contains between 60-70 essential minerals with trace elements. It also contains vitamins, natural chelating agents, and amino acids beneficial for agriculture. Kelp is also an excellent source of cytokinins and auxins, both plant growth-stimulating hormones. The cytokinins improve soil tilth, regulate cell division and cell wall formation, increase photosynthesis and chlorophyll production, improve root and shoot growth, and delay senescence in the fall (when plants prepare for winter, dropping leaves, losing colour, etc.). The auxins regulate cell elongation and mainly stimulate adventitious rooting, and promote fruit development.

The sea kelp nutrient profile can be between 10 - 20 times greater than that of land vegetables, depending on the environment in which it grows. If harvested from unpolluted waters, this complete nutrition becomes invaluable when we consider that over-farming continues to influence the depletion of soils of their minerals and trace elements, with resulting negative effects on human health.

Increasing levels of pollution including chemical pesticide and herbicide usage compounds this effect.

Phytoplankton (Microalgae) have some similar nutrients and benefits to kelp and other seaweeds, but with the added advantage of being able to be cultivated on land in aquaculture hatcheries.

SUPPLIERS:

1. Marine Coast Sea Vegetables, Franklin, Maine, US - "Digitata Kelp" - Laminaria Digitata (OCIA Certified Organic and a Raw Food): Digitata is a variety of kelp that grows prolifically in the sub tidal waters of the North Atlantic. Digitata Kelp is also known as "Fingered Kelp", as the blades resemble digits radiating from the palm (hence, the Latin name digitata.) Although similar in nutritional content to our regular Kelp "Kombu" (L. longicruris,) Digitata Kelp tends to contain higher amounts of iodine, calcium and mannitol — a natural sugar molecule that gives Digitata Kelp a slight sweetness. "We sell Digitata {Laminaria Digitata) as whole-leaf, granules and powder. Please note, the milled forms are sold as "Kelp Powder" and "Kelp Granules".

33 Plant Protein Hydrolysate - Amino Acids/ Peptides DEFINITION:

Protein Hydrolysate Solution is manufactured by enzymatic or thermal hydrolysis of casein / soya bean/ other plant residues by sophisticated technology. "It is a mixture of amino acids prepared by splitting a protein with acid, alkali, or enzyme; used as a fluid and nutrient replenisher". (The Free Dictionary 2014)

BACKGROUND :

Protein amino acids and peptides have been called the "building blocks of life". The application of protein hydrolysate biostimulants could be considered as a good production strategy for obtaining high growth and yields of valuable crops with lower impact on the environment.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

There has been as unprecedented demand for inexpensive plant-derived protein hydrolysates in recent years, owing to their many agricultural & nutritional applications. Bioactive protein amino acids & peptides from alfalfa, carob germ, algae, wheat bran, soy, rapeseed, sunflower, and barley can be taken up by plant roots and have the following special effects for:

Agriculture-

• Improved plant nutrient uptake and yield

• Stimulation of carbon metabolism & nitrogen assimilation

• Increased plant defenses to biotic and abiotic stress

• Decreased plant toxicity to heavy metals

Animal & Human Nutrition- derived from the same crop residues or milk (whey & casein)

• Antioxidant properties

• Anti-inflammatory properties in health drinks 34 Microbial Inoculants DEFINITION:

Soil inoculants are agricultural amendments that use microbes (hacteria-fungi-yeast-algae) to promote plant health. They are derived from natural or biological sources and can enhance plant growth and development and can improve the efficiency of plant nutrients. (Biostimulant Coalition 2013).

BACKGROUND:

The use of inoculants in agriculture has been rising over the past couple of decades, as the public and private sectors continue to research and develop solutions to problems related to current agiiculture practices. The application of inoculants is seen as being very attractive since it would substantially reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and there are now an increasing number of inoculants being commercialized for various crops.

FUNCTION:

Microorganisms play a very important role in agricultural systems, particularly plant growth- promoting microorganisms (PGPMs). There are are many microbial benefits and three main mechanisms as follows:

1. PGPMs acting as biofertilizers (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate- solubilizing bacteria) that assist plant nutrient uptake by providing fixed nitrogen or other nutrients.

2. Phyto stimulators (microbes expressing phytohormones such as Azospirillum) that can directly promote the growth of plants, usually by producing plant hormones.

3. Biological control agents (such as Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus) that protect plants against phytopathogenic organisms.

BENEFITS:

1. Bacterial inoculants: For example, legumes grow best and produce more net nitrogen if inoculated with a special bacteria culture. Plants take nitrogen in from the air but bacteria, which form nodules on the roots of legumes such as peas, beans, favas, peanuts, lentils, vetch, Austrian peas, cowpeas, garbanzo beans, alfalfa, and clover, are the creatures actually responsible for "fixing" the nitrogen into a form available to the plant. Inoculants are especially important when planting one of these crops for the first time. These cultures are plant specific.

2. Fungal inoculants: Fungi (Mycorrhizae) are necessary for garden's health; their networks are an essential part of any healthy garden soil. They will harmonize with the plant's root system and greatly expand the surface area of the root mass. They improve the growth and vigor of most plants. They also promote environmental resistance to disease, pests, heat and drought - through their critical role in nutrient cycling, mediating plant stress and protecting against transplant shock.

34.1 Fungi. Arbuscular Mvcoirhizae

DEFINITION:

Mycorrhizal fungi are a symbiotic which is generally mutualistic but occasionally weakly pathogenic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the host plant's roots, either intracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF or AM), or extracellularly as in ectomycorrhizal fungi. BACKGROUND:

Mycorrhizae form a mutualistic relationship with the roots of most plant species. The best- known mycorrhizae for agricultural applications are called Vesicular Axbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM). Endo- mycorrhizal (form relationships with over 90% of plants including annuals, herbs, flowers, vegetables; turf and ornamental grasses; ferns; perennial flowers; most fruit trees; most deciduous and broadleaf evergreen ornamental trees & shrubs) and ecto-mycorrhizal fungi (composed of woody plants, including species from the birch, dipterocarp, myrtle, beech, willow, pine & rose families) symbiotically colonize the roots of the majority of terrestrial plants including trees, vines, ornamentals, crops and pasture plants (5%). Only 5% of plants or plant groups do not respond to the mycorrhizal fungi. The fungi attach to the plant roots and function as an extended root system for the plant, greatly increasing the absorptive surface area of the roots. The fungi provide nutrients such as phosphorus, zinc and silicates to the plants. In exchange, the plants provide sugars (derived from photosynthesis in the plant leaves) and organic compounds for the fungi via root secretions.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Mycorrhizal fungi have occurred naturally in the soil for 450 million years. They form a close symbiotic relationship with plant roots. However, in most soils that have been disturbed by residential construction, or intensive cropping practices with applications of fertilizers containing pesticides and other chemical products, the mycorrhizae content has considerably diminished, and has become insufficient to significantly enhance plant growth. When they colonize the plant's root system, they create a network that increases the plant's capacity to absorb more water and nutrients such as phosphorus, copper and zinc. This process in turn enhances growth and favors rapid development of roots and plants. Moreover, these fungi play a major role in soil aggregation process and stimulate microbial activity.

1. Produce more vigorous and healthy plants

2. Increase plant establishment and survival at seeding or transplanting

3. Increase yields and crop quality

4. Improve drought tolerance, allowing watering reduction

5. Enhance flowering and fruiting

6. Optimize fertilizers use, especially phosphorus

7. Increase tolerance to soil salinity

8. Reduce disease occurrence

9. Contribute to maintain soil quality and nutrient cycling

10. Contribute to control soil erosion

SUPPLIERS:

1. Premier Tech Biotechnologies, Riviere du Loup, QE Canada- "MY E PRO"- A world leader in biostimulants including Mycorrhizal Fungi. For close to 90 years Premier Tech has been building its know-how and reputation on the expertise and synergy of its three business units, sharing the mission of becoming technological and commercial leaders in their respective industries. Premier Tech Biotechnologies has acquired a unique expertise in industrial scale production of top quality Mycorrhizal inoculants. Driven by a multidisciplinary team of over 2,300 people located in the Americas, Europe and Asia, Premier Tech's sales exceed $446 million by focusing on the development of its team members, on research innovation, and on the introduction of value-added products and services. Their mycorrhizae has been identified to enhance growth and favors development of root and plants; it reduces transplant shock for greater plant survival and increases water resistance to water stress and root disease. It is naturally formulated product for different indoor and outdoor planting.

1. Mycorrhizal Applications Inc. - "Myco Apply -Endo/ Ecto"- This all-purpose product can be found in a granular forms. It consists of 11 mycorrhizae inoculum species of

endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae (about 90% of the world's plant species form with these types). These beneficial fungi greatly increase the effective rooting area of plants thereby enhancing growth, vigor and tolerance of environmental extremes. As a granular material, these fungi colonize roots and extend into the soil to form essential links between plants and the soil resources thus greatly increasing the roots function to absorb water, nutrients and improving the plant survival, vigor and health.

2. Bio-Organics LLC, New Hope, PA USA- "Endomycorrhizal Inoculant (ΒΕΓΓ- This product is an endomycorrhizal that is OMRI certified. It contains a blend of nine top types of Endo mycorrhizal spores - Glomus aggregation, G. etunicatum, G. clarum, G.

deserticola, G. intraradices, G. monosporus, G. mosseae, Gigaspora margarita and

Paraglomus brasilianum. They guarantee a minimum spore count of 50 spores: cubic centimeter.

Administration Rate:

1. COMMERCIAL GROWERS: A 3 -lb. jar will contain enough doses for 500 larger transplants (grapes, fruit trees), 1500 vegetable transplants (tomatoes, peppers, etc.), or up to 5000 closely-planted small plants (strawberries). For blending into potting soils, a minimum of 1 lb. per cubic yard is recommended.

2. GARDENERS : A 1.5 lb. jar will contain about 200 teaspoonfuls. For garden row crops, such as corn or beans, apply 1 teaspoon per linear foot and work into top 2-4 inches of soil before seeding, or work a half-teaspoon, of inoculant into soil under larger seeds, such as melons or squash. Dust a half-teaspoon on transplants such as tomatoes, peppers, or bedding flowers. 2 Beneficial Bacteria

34.2a Effective Microorganisms (EM) Consortia

DEFINITION:

"An effective microorganism refers to any of the predominantly anaerobic organisms blended in commercial agricultural amendments, medicines, and nutritional supplements based on the trademarked product originally marketed as EM-1 Microbial Inoculant, aka Effective

Microorganisms and EM Technolog)'. These blends are reported to include: Lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus casei, Photo synthetic bacteria: Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, others: beneficial microorganisms that exist naturally in the environment may thrive in the mixture". (http://en.wikipedia.org/wM/Effective_Microorganisms) BACKGROUND :

"The concept of "friendly microorganisms" was developed by Professor Teruo Higa, from the University of the Ryukyus in Okinawa, Japan. He reported in the 1980s that a combination of approximately 80 different microorganisms are capable of positively influencing decomposing organic matter such that it reverts into a "life promoting" process. Higa invokes a "dominance principle" to explain the effects of his "Effective Microorganisms". He claims that three groups of microorganisms exist: "positive microorganisms" (regeneration), "negative microorganisms" (decomposition, degeneration), and "opportunist microorganisms", hi every medium (soil, water, air, the human intestine), the ratio of "positive" and "negative" microorganisms is critical, since the opportunist microorganisms follow the trend to regeneration or degeneration. Therefore, Higa believes that it is possible to positively influence the given media by supplementing with "positive" microorganisms". (http://en.wiMpedia.org/wiki Effective_Microorganisms)

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

While bacteria can cause diseases and ailments in plants, animals, and humans, many bacteria are good for us since they are integral players in activities such as the production foods

(yogurt and cheeses), water treatment (sewage), and the production of medicines and

biological compounds (biotechnology). In addition, many bacteria can help to boost our health such as lactic acid bacteria (probiotics)". (The Bright Hub by Paul Arnold 2009).

Mixtures of beneficial bacteria and other microbes are called 'consortia' products (EM- effective microorganisms).

SUPPLIERS:

1. EMRO USA, Tuscon, AZ USA (EM Research Organization) Inc.- "ΕΜΊ®" is a liquid containing many co-existing microorganisms. The major groups of microorganisms in

ΕΜ·1® are lactic acid bacteria, yeast and phototrophic bacteria. EM™ was first developed in 1982 as an alternative to chemicals in the field of agriculture. Through extensive research and experiments over time, EM™ became recognized as effective in various fields, including:

-Agriculture: Enriches the soil & listed by OMR! for use in organic production and reducing odor in livestock operations

-Aquaculture: Restores water quality necessary to improve production processes

-Environmental: Improves commercial or other large scale composting operations

-Waste Management: Provides energy savings in wastewater treatment plants - reduces sludge and purifies water

-Bioremediation: Breaks down pollutants in industrial commercial sites

SCD Probiotics, Kansas City MO USA "SCD ProBio Balance Plus" (formerly sold as SCD EM Plus): An enhanced version of the ProBio Balance™ original formula, including enhanced levels of phototrophic, purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB). A cost-effective, environmentally safe, all natural product used in a variety of industries.

34.2b Rhizobia Species DEFINITION:

"Rhizobia are special bacteria that can live in the soil or in nodules formed on the roots of legumes. In root nodules, they form a symbiotic association with the legume, obtaining nutrients from the plant and producing nitrogen in a process called biological nitrogen fixation, or BNF. The rhizobia are broadly classified as fast- or slow-growing based on their growth on laboratory media. Rhizobia are further classified according to their compatibility with particular legume species." (www.ctalir.hawaii.edu/bnf/Downloads/Training/.../M3-D2.PDF- 2014)

BACKGROUND:

"Farmers have known, probably since the time of the Egyptians, that legumes such as pea, lentil, and clover are important for soil fertility. Such practices as green manuring, crop rotation, and intercropping have been known for millennia and were extensively described by the Romans, but it was not until the 19th century that an explanation for the success of the legumes in restoring soil fecundity, especially after a crop such as wheat had been grown, was uncovered. In the 19th century, agriculture in Europe had progressed to the point that both green manuring and intercropping using legume crops was standard practice. The leguminous plants were known in German as "Stickstoffsammler" or nitrogen accumulators, whereas non-leguminous crops such as wheat were called "Stickstofffreser" or nitrogen consumers. However, that microbes were responsible for nitrogen accumulation was not recognized until the last quarter of the 19th century when rhizobia were discovered. This brief account of the history of the discovery of the microbes responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia tells the story of the organisms and the scientists who discovered them". (2009 A. Hirsh)

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

"Rhizobium is the most well known species of a group of bacteria that acts as the primary symbiotic fixer of nitrogen. These bacteria can infect the roots of leguminous plants, leading to the formation of lumps or nodules where the nitrogen fixation takes place. The bacterium's enzyme system supplies a constant source of reduced nitrogen to the host plant and the plant furnishes nutrients and energy for the activities of the bacterium. About 90% of legumes can become nodulated.

In the soil the bacteria are free living and motile, feeding on the remains of dead organisms. Free-living rhizobia cannot fix nitrogen and they have a different shape from the bacteria found in root nodules. They are regular in structure, appearing as straight rods; in root nodules the nitrogen-fixing form exists as irregular cells called bacteroids which are often club and Y-shaped." (2002 Society for General Microbiology by Dariel Burdass)

Symbiotic relationship-Rhizobia are unique in that they are the only nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in a symbiotic relationship with legumes. Common crop and forage legumes are peas, beans, clover, and soy.

Although much of the nitrogen is removed when protein-rich grain or hay is harvested;

significant amounts can remain in the soil for future crops. This is especially important when nitrogen fertilizer is not used, as in organic rotation schemes or some less-industrialized countries. Nitrogen is the most commonly deficient nutrient in many soils around the world and it is the most commonly supplied plant nutrient. Supply of nitrogen through conventional fertilizers has serious environmental concerns. SUPPLIERS:

1. Novozymes Canada, Saskatoon, SK Canada

2. ΓΝΤΧ Microbials, LLC - "PRIMO"- is a liquid inoculant and growth promoter for pea, vetch and lentils (not a plant food product). It was designed to be custom applied through as approved application device by a retail location that has been trained in the proper methods of handling and applying inoculant to seed. This product contains living organisms that are sensitive to chemicals and harsh environments.

Administration: shake both bladders into mix tank; agitate liquid mixture to ensure proper distribution of rhizobia and growth promoter solution. Recirculate inoculant in tank if system has been inactive for more than one hour; apply at a rate of 4.5 fl. Oz. per 100 pounds of seed; prepare only as much PRIMO as will be used that day. Check with ΓΝΤΧ consultants for complete list of compatible seed treatments.

34.2c Bacillus Subtilis Species

DEFINITION:

"Known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium. A member of the genus Bacillus, B. subtilis is rod-shaped, and has the ability to form a tough, protective endospore, allowing the organism to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. Unlike several other well-known species, B. subtilis has historically been classified as an obligate aerobe, though recent research has demonstrated that this is not strictly correct. Although this species is commonly found in soil, more evidence suggests that B. subtilis is a normal gut commensal in humans. A 2009 study compared the density of spores found in soil (~10 ⁶ spores per gram) to that found in human feces (~10 ⁴ spores per gram). The number of spores found in the human gut is too high to be attributed solely to consumption through food contamination. Soil simply serves as a reservoir, suggesting that B. subtilis inhabits the gut and should be considered as a normal gut commensal". (Wikipedia - 2014)

BACKGROUND:

"Our ancestors lived in close contact with mother earth. Foods with clinging soil, untreated water, and "dirt" were all rich sources of bacteria. Certainly they might have come in contact with pathogenic organisms, but exposure to a variety of microbes during the early years of life would have strengthened their microbiome and immune system". (Organic Fitness by Eirik Garnas 2012)

Probiotics are live microbes, which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host. Bacillus species have been used as probiotics for at least 50 years with the Italian product known as Enterogermina® registered in 1958 in Italy as an OTC medicinal supplement. The scientific interest in Bacillus species as probiotics though, has really grown only in the last 15 years and a number of important reviews cover this growing area of scientific interest. Of the species that have been most extensively examined these are Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus clausii, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus licheniformis. FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

"Spore probiotics are being used extensively in humans as dietary supplements, in animals as growth promoters and competitive exclusion agents and lastly in aquaculture for enhancing the growth and disease-resistance of cultured shrimps, most notably the Black Tiger shrimp {Pendens monodori). Interestingly, a number of Bacillus products are licensed as medicinal supplements". (SporeGen 2014)

Spores being heat-stable have a number of advantages over other non-spore-formers such as Lactobacillus spp., namely, that the product can be stored at room temperature in a desiccated form without any deleterious effect on viability. A second advantage is that the spore is capable of surviving the low pH of the gastric barrier which is not the case for all species of Lactobacillus so in principle a specified dose of spores can be stored indefinitely without refrigeration and the entire dose of ingested bacteria will reach the small intestine intact". (SporeGen 2014)

34.2d Other Bene ficial Bacteria Species

There are numerous species/ strains of beneficial bacteria that can be used for various agricultural, environmental remediation and health enhancement purposes. They can be generally divided into aerobic bacteria (as are cultivated in compost teas with use of an oxygen bubbler), anaerobic bacteria (which live in oxygen-deprived environments such as in wet marshy soils), and probiotic bacteria (known for being part of healthy gut flora in humans and animals). National microbial culture collections can provide bacteria strains best suited to different climates, soil conditions, crop types and regional diets for use in product development.

40 PRODUCT MEDIUMS/ MICROBE CARRIERS:

41 Rice or Wheat. Bran f Stabilized) DEFINITION:

Rice bran is the hard outer part of the grain that consists of 'aleurone', a form of protein found i n the protein granules of maturing seeds, as well as 'pericarp', the outer and edible layer of the rice kernel. Apart from these two, it also contains germs and endosperm of the rice kernel. Other brans such as wheat bran can be used as well, and are used in producing the fermented "bokashi" anaerobic EM compost.

Stabilized rice bran has a longer shelf life than un-stabilized rice bran - it undergoes processing that inactivates an enzyme that would otherwise degrade the rice bran oil, turning it rancid. Stabilization does not affect the nutritional value of the rice bran.

BACKGROUND:

Rice bran is obtained as a by-product during the rice milling process and the outer layers or parts are removed at the time of whitening or polishing of the husked rice. It composes of many nutritious substances like protein, fat, fiber, various antioxidants, etc. that have a beneficial effect on human and animal health. Because of its multi-nutritional properties, animals and humans have been consuming rice bran for thousands of years.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

A major rice bran fraction contains about 13% oil and 44.3% of highly unsaponifiable components. This fraction also contains gamma-oryzanol, beta-sitosterol and tocotrienol that help in lowering the levels of plasma contained in the lipid profile. It also contains a major amount of dietary fibers like beta glucan, gum and pectin. The oil present in the rice bran is a rich source of Vitamin E, Vitamin B, minerals and other essential acids.

Rice bran serves many important usages for both humans & animals as well for commercial purposes. The following are the most well-known uses of rice bran:

1. For Emiching Food: Rice bran is used to enrich breads, cereals, etc. which help in increasing the intake dietary fibers.

2. As a Source of Edible Oil: Rice bran is a rich source of edible oil. While raw rice bran contains

12-18% oil, parboiled rice bran contains 20-28% oil.

3. For Making Protective Coatings: The rice bran oil is also used to prepare paints, varnishes, enamels, etc.

4. As Animal Feed: Rice bran contains a high amount of protein and other nutritious components, thereby making it air excellent source for animal feed. It is particularly given to horses to increase their weight. It is also given the aging dogs as an energy supplements.

5. Rice bran has been shown to be a very affordable and effective carrier substrate for the storage and transport of microbes. This has been studied through out the Americas and Middle East as a viable solution for manufacturing purposes.

6. Other Medical Benefits of Using Rice Bran:

• It helps in reducing the level of cholesterol, thereby reducing the risks of heart attacks in human beings

• The presence of dietary fibers and whole grains helps in preventing the occurrence of Type II diabetes

• Rice bran also helps in reducing high blood pressure as well as intestinal cancer.

In the case of animal feed, rice or wheat bran can be both a microbe carrier and medium for pelletization. Pellets lessen the segregation of the feed, improve palatability, reduce frequency of feeding periods, minimize food wastage and enhance milk-yielding capacity in animals. Stabilized rice bran can often be found in a powdered format as a key ingredient in human nutritional supplements combined with pea protein and probiotics, from which numerous natural amino acids, antioxidants, etc are derived by the body digestion.

42 Blackstrap Molasses

DEFINITION:

Blackstrap Molasses is the by-product of sugar refining that contains all the nutrients from the raw sugar cane plant. Of the varieties of molasses, blackstrap molasses is the richest in sources of sugar, carbon, enzymes, B- vitamins and trace elements.

BACKGROUND:

Blackstrap Molasses is a carbohydrate energy source that feeds soil microorganisms and increases microbial activity. With continued applications it encourages a soil environment that helps to reduce thatch.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Blackstrap molasses can provide a very important source of carbohydrates for the microbes in organic gardens. It also has many macro and micronutrients. It can be considered as an organic biostimulant. It can be found in some microbial inoculants and is an essential component in activating Effective Microorganisms (EM). Many professional soil consultants are using a carbohydrate source particularly in a foliar feed to help the liquid stick to plant surfaces. It is therefore often also applied with mycorrhizal fungi, compost tea and other organic fertilizers. (Organic Gardener's Pantry).

Summary of benefits: increases plant health and microbial activity; activates EM; increases leaf color; decreases thatch; and improves natural fertilizer efficacy.

SUPPLIERS:

1) Organic Gardener's Pantry - Victoria, BC Canada

2) Plant Food Company Inc. - Cranbury Town, NJ USA

3) Everland Natural Foods - Burnaby, BC Canada

APPLICATION RATES/RATIOS:

1) Organic Gardener's Pantry Blackstrap Molasses: is mixed with water in a watering can or sprayer. It helps to dissolve it in some warm water first. It is preferably applied in smaller, regular doses, such as monthly or bi-weekly, at 2 gallons/acre (170mL/1000sqft). When applied with EM, it is often mixed at a "1 part EM to 1 part molasses" ratio. 2) Plant Food Company Inc. Blackstrap Molasses:

Greens, Tees and Fine Turf: Apply 3 - 6 oz. of Blackstrap Molasses per 1,000 sq. ft. (1 - 2 gallons per Acre) every 10-14 days. Apply throughout the season.

For heavy thatch areas, use the higher rate at weekly applications.

Aerification: Apply 3 - 6 oz. of Blackstrap Molasses per 1,000 sq. ft. (1-2 gallons per Acre) 7 days before and again 7 days after aerification.

43 Alginate Coating or Beads DEFINITION:

Alginates are cell- wall constituents of brown algae kelps and wracks (structural polysaccharide). They are chain-forming made up of blocks of mannuronic acid and guluronic acid. They are often converted into gel-like beads (or capsules) that can be produced using various matrices.

BACKGROUND:

Floating raft kelp cultivation (mariculture) is an industrial scale mode of producing alginate. One of the most promising microbial immobilization methods developed thus far is the cell entrapment method, where microbial inoculants are entrapped in gel beads made from a variety of origins including: Na/ Ca-alginate, polyacrylamide, carrageenan, agarose, gellan gum to name a few.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

"The cell entrapment method, however, even though its procedure is simple, has revealed limitations in increasing the concentration of microbes per unit volume of the carrier, because microbes only can grow on the surface or interstitial space of the carrier. Furthermore, said method has been found to have a defect in the immobilization process of microbes from culture, so that free microbes often leak out of the carriers. On the other hand, the microencapsulation method has been applied in various ways for immobilization of animal, plant, bacterial, algal, or fungal cells".

(Method For Immobilization Of Whole Microbial Cells In Calcium Alginate Capsules - Patent 5766907- June 16/98). Methods continue to improve for the use of alginate as a microbe entrapment carrier, although price-point is higher than using conventional carriers like peat.

Industrial mariculture production of kelp alginate would have less environmental impact that peat mining from natural bog ecosystems.

SUPPLIERS:

1. Aveka Inc., Woodbury, Minnesota USA

44 Biochar

DEFINITION:

Biochar is a solid material obtained from the carbonization of biomass. (International BioChar Initiative, 2014). Pyrolysis is the thermo-cliemical conversion of dry organic materials (i.e. woody wastes) into bio-oil, syngas and biochar.

BACKGROUND:

This 2,000 year-old practice converts agricultural waste into a soil enhancer that can hold carbon, boost food security, and increase soil biodiversity, and discourage deforestation. The process creates a fine-grained, highly porous charcoal that helps soils retains nutrients and water. Biochar is found in soils around the world as a result of vegetation fires and historic soil management practices. Intensive study of biochar-rich dark earths in the Amazon (terra preta), has led to a wider appreciation of biochar' s unique properties as a soil enhancer.

"Biochar is being promoted for its potential to improve soil properties, fertility and carbon sequestration in soil while also producing renewable energy. Research results on how this material might impact agricultural soils within temperate regions can be contradictory. Validation of biochar as a beneficial soil amendment and carbon sink would add important economic value to the pyrolysis process and spur- adoption. More targeted uses in the near term include improved nutrient efficiency and contaminant absorption." (csam-.wsu.edu/biochar)

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

1. Biochar may be added to soils with the intention to improve soil functions and to reduce emissions from biomass that would otherwise naturally degrade to greenhouse gases.

Biochar also has appreciable carbon sequestration value.

2. Biochar can be an important tool to increase food security and cropland diversity in areas with severely depleted soils, scarce organic resources, and inadequate water and chemical fertilizer supplies.

3. Biochar also improves water quality and quantity by increasing soil retention of nutrients and agrochemicals for plant and crop utilization. More nutrients stay in the soil instead of leaching into groundwater and causing pollution.

Biochar is also being explored for environmental remediation purposes and can be impregnated with microbes such as EM as a carrier.

SUPPLIERS:

1. Whitfield Biochar LLC, Washington, USA - Whitfield Biochar is now offering premium wood pellet, poultry litter, and rice hull char for a variety of testing and plant trials.

2. Altema Biocarbons, Prince George, BC

45 Biomass Waste/ Residues

DEFINITION:

Biomass waste is biological material derived from living, or recently living trees or plants (wood chips, saw dust, municipal yard clipping collection, industrial fibres, crop/ fodder residues and other lignocellulosic materials). While typically used as a renewable energy source via combustion or biofuel, biomass waste/ residual mulches can also be used as a product medium and microbe carrier for agro-forestry, reforestation and environmental restoration purposes. High quality organic seed cakes and other crop meals are used as mediums in animal nutritional products. FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Biomass pellets are environment friendly (renewable), storage convenient, cost effective and can be produced locally. Pellets for reforestation and environmental restoration purposes can incorporate wood waste, forest debris or other suitable mulching residues that create a familiar medium for seeds to genriinate in. From a transportation and storage standpoint, the biomass pellets generally have same characteristics as the plant residues themselves, although being part of a composite product will change the specifications somewhat. Hydromulching can also be an effective application of biomass-based product where seed, natural fertilizer, mulch and a binder/ tackifier can be sprayed in slurry form from trucks or planes onto exposed soil to promote revegetation.

SUPPLIERS:

Biomass waste/ residues are widely available in BC from forest industry sawmills, construction demolition, municipal yard waste mulch, etc. In other regions without significant forest cover, materials like bamboo fibers, straw, corn husks, etc can be used. Organic seed cakes and crop fodder residues are specialty agri products for horses, livestock, poultry, pets and other animals.

46 Vermicompost (Worm Castings)

DEFINITIONS:

"Vemiicompost is the product or process of composting using various worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms to create a heterogeneous mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast". (Wikipedia 2014)

BACKGROUND :

In our modem, high-tech society in which so much is either chemically or genetically engineered, the lowly earthworm has been dubbed "the missing link" by agriculturalists around the world. If we were to start at the very beginning of the history of vermiculture, we'd have to go back more than 400 million years to the time when earthworms first appeared on the planet. Yet, until just 30 years ago, no one knew the value of these little creatures. (Nadia Jomey, 2014)

FUNCTION:

"Vermicast, also called worm castings, worm humus or worm manure, is the end product of the breakdown of organic matter by an earthworm. These castings have been shown to contain reduced levels of contaminants and a higher saturation of nutrients than do organic materials before vermicomposting. Containing water-soluble nutrients, vermicompost is an excellent, nutrient-rich organic fertilizer and soil conditioner. This process of producing vemiicompost is called vermicomposting" . (Wikipedia 2014)

BENEFITS:

Direct positive effects on soil, plant growth, economic and environmental.

Soil:

• Improves aeration & enriches soil with micro-organisms (adding enzymes)

• Microbial activity in worm castings is 10 to 20 times higher than in the soil and organic matter that the worm ingests

• Attracts deep-burrowing earthworms & improves water holding capacity

Plant GroM'th: • Enhances germination, plant growth, and crop yield while improving root growth & structure

• Enriches soil with micro-organisms (adding plant hormones such as auxins and gibberellin acid)

Economic:

• Bio wastes conversion reduces waste flow to landfills

• Elimination of bio wastes from the waste stream reduces contamination of other recyclables collected in a single bin (a common problem in communities practicing single-stream recycling)

• Low capital investment and relatively simple technologies make vermicomposting practical for less-developed agricultural regions

Environmental:

• Helps to close the "metabolic gap" through recycling waste on-site

• Large systems often use temperature control and mechanized harvesting

• Production reduces greenhouse gas emissions such as methane and nitric oxide (produced in landfills or incinerators when not composted or through methane harvest)

SUPPLIERS:

1. World of Worms. Kelowna. BC

2. Ogopogo Worm Farm, Kelowna, BC

47 Cocopeat

DEFINITION:

Cocopeat is a multi-purpose growing medium and soil conditioner made out of coconut husk (coir). The fibrous coconut husk is pre washed, machine dried, sieved and made free from sand and other contaminations such as weeds, pathogens and animal residues. Studies have shown Cocopeat to be a more effective, more economical and longer lasting product than other alternatives. The organic quality of Cocopeat makes it a highly sought after soil amendment, blending easily even with inorganic fertilizers. Coir products are used in agriculture, horticulture and hydroponic industries.

Cocopeat is also a more environmentally responsible alternative to peat moss as it comes from a sustainable source.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Cocopeat is a very good alternative to traditional peat moss and rock wool for greenhouse production, indoor hydroponics, nursery trees/bedding plants, etc. Its high water holding capacity (9x its own volume) makes it an ideal growing medium for the plant crops. It is 100% organic and eco friendly, reclaiming waste coconut husks without impact to sensitive ecosystems (compared to harmful peat bog mining). It has a pH of 5.7 - 6.5 , EC level <1 mS/cm is ideal for plant growth.

Higher lignin content inhibits bacterial and fungal breakdown, slowing biodegradation so the material is longer lasting and doesn't shrink like peat moss. Material can retain oxygenated air well due to its porosity. Cocopeat has high cation exchange capacity with roots, and nutrients are not leached away easily.

SUPPLIERS: 1. Ecopeat - Nature's Bounty LLC, Sri Lanlca

2. Coco Peat - Golden Harvest Organics, Colorado

50 WATER PURIFYING & STRUCTURING INGREDIENTS:

51 EM-Ceramics

DEFINITION.

"About 30 years ago, a mixture of microorganisms was developed on the island of Okinawa (Japan). This mixture of Effective Microorganisms was identified as EM and consists of the different types of microorganisms that were collected naturally and cultivated in a specific way. The most important microorganisms in EM are lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and photosynthetic bacteria". (Multikraft, Germany). EM-Ceramics is usually made from special montmorillite clay with fermented EM. However, other water-purifying clay materials like Pozzolan could be used to create the ceramic media and other suitable beneficial microbes substituted for EM if desired.

BACKGROUND:

Montemorillite clay contains organic matter that is millions of years old and contains enzymes from ancient microorganisms. Once the clay is fermented with Effective Microorganisms and anaerobically baked, the crystalline form of the clay saves the "energetic fingerprints" of these substances and microorganisms. The application of this ceramic infusion of EM is used in water revitalization; food coatings; energy sprays; specially designed jewelry to influence wellness through their stimulating effects on the body. The most important application for water treatment, agriculture and environmental remediation is to be able to stabilize the beneficial EM

microorganisms in a clay matrix with a very long shelf life.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

• EM accelerates the transformation of organic materials and promotes decomposition

• EM revives the soil and increases the activity levels of organisms in the soil

• EM improves soil heating in spring and increases the water-holding capacity

• EM reduces the seed germination period and helps to build roots

• EM cleans water and aids in neutralizing many contaminants

• EM reduces gases that are harmful to the environment and removes bad odours

SUPPLIERS:

1. Emerald Earth Company, Santa Fe, NM

2. Multikraft, Germany

52 Shungite DEFINITION:

Shungite is a unique sequence of metamorphic rock containing carbon and silicate minerals. The main deposit is in the Lake Onega area of Karelia Russia, at Zazhoginskoye, near Shun'ga, with another occurrence at Vozhmozero. Other occurrences have been described from Austria, India, Democratic Republic of Congo and Kazakhstan (Wikipedia 2014). The rare molecular structure of fullerenes have been reported from such rock which gives it unique healing and purifying properties. Fullerenes are incredibly stable as the third known form of crystalline carbon in hollow molecular cages called buckyballs (named after Buckminister Fuller and his geodesic dome pattern). The discovery of fullerenes won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1996 and has since become the subject of intensive research for many technological and medical applications. There are two grades of shungite, elite and non-elite, with higher and lower fullerene contents, and the shapes also have different properties.

BACKGROUND:

"The first descriptions of Karelian shungites date back to the late 18th century. Peter the Great set up Russia's first spa in Karelia to make use of the water purifying properties of Shungite, which he himself experienced. He also instigated its use in providing purified water for he Russian army. The anti-bacterial properties of shungite have been confirmed by modern testing." (Wikipedia 2014) By now, the geology of deposits of these rocks and their composition and structure has been well studied. There are also data on their major physicochemical properties.

Shungite has long been considered a healthful substance in Russia, where since the 1700s it's been used as a water purifier and disinfectant just as we use activated carbon today. This has given rise over the years to a host of both accurate and perhaps exaggerated claims by advocates. Its electrical conductivity, typical of graphite and other forms of pure carbon, has led to a popular belief that shungite can counteract the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation from devices like cell phones (Geology.about.com 2014)

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Shungites are promising for applications in electrothermy, foundry metal casting, building, composite-material technology, crop fertilizer, ecological restorer, etc. There is still no consensus on the genesis of shungites. As these rocks are also coming into use in the fields directly related to human health and medicine, knowing the properties of shungite is of great importance. At present, there are three concepts of the genesis of shungites: biogenic, abiogenic, and soot (V.I. Berezkin, Russian Geology & Geophysics).

"Shungites applications are in adsorption of organic matter. Bacterial and heavy metal removal, drinking water preparations were widely elaborated on in Russia. Hypothesis concerning the role of shungite rocks in the restoration of natural water systems were also suggested. Results allow us to use shungite as a new-carbon - mineral adsorbent and also utilize its specific properties: pH alteration, formation of the colloid systems and high elctroconductivity in flow-type electrolyzers for heavy metals removal" (A.Z Zaidenberg- Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences 1997). In summary, shungite is claimed to remove the following contaminants: bacteria (and other microbial pathogens), nitrates, heavy metals, pesticides, volatile organics, pharmaceuticals, chlorine and fluoride.

When water made with shungite is consumed, users report the following benefits: overall balancing and cleansing, decrease in allergies, improved skin elasticity, healing of skin problems and wounds, antioxidant, cellular metabolism assist and so on. Some believe many of these positive effects are due to the hydrogen in the water. Emotional and psychological benefits are also reported, and in Russia soot iing shungite chambers treat depression, trauma and the like.

Elite shungite has been used by Dancing with Water and others to activate and potentize the water/ fulvic matrix to create a full-spectrum "living water" with the capacity to enliven everything in its presence (vitamins, minerals, and other phytonutrients). It therefore would improve the bioavailability of minerals in organically bound mineral solutions.

SUPPLIERS:

1. Carbon-Shungite Ltd., Karelia, Russia

2. Kosku Mining Company, Russia

3. Dancing with Water, United States

53 Biotite (Black Mica) DEFINITION:

Biotite is a name used for a large group of black mica minerals that are commonly found in igneous and metamorphic rocks such as granite, diorite, gabbro, and pegmatite. It is often known as "fool's gold due to its shiny, bronze like coloring that reflects the sun. Biotite is a sheet silicate. Iron, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, oxygen, and hydrogen form sheets that are weakly bound together by potassium ions. (Dr. Hobart King- Geology.com 2014).

Black Mica is a group of sheet silicate (phyllo silicate) minerals includes several closely related materials having close to perfect basal cleavage. The nearly perfect cleavage, which is the most prominent characteristic of mica, is explained by the hexagonal sheet-like arrangement of its atoms. (Wikipedia 2014)

BACKGROUND:

Researched in Japan in the 1960s by Dr. Asao Shimanishi, black mica was shown to contain a variety of minerals that enhance plant growth, purify water and are useful to the body for detoxification and other purposes. After discovering the health benefits of black mica, Shimanishi decided to patent the use of black mica by pulling out the minerals and keeping them in an ionized state. This form is known as black mica extract and is suitable for human consumption.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

1) Purification: Used to clean and purify water, black mica extract can be ingested by adding it to water. When a dropper full of black mica extract is added to tap water, the toxins in the water gamer together and sit at the bottom of the glass. These toxins are no longer able to be absorbed by the water. Black mica extract removes toxins such as heavy metals while adding healthful minerals to the drinking water.

2) Elimination: According to Shimanishi, black mica is useful for eliminating calcification from the brain, lungs, prostate and breasts. It can be taken to remove candidia (yeast) from the body and can also be used to remove plaque from the teeth.

The commercialized Adya Water Purifying Solution is a natural blend of purified water and concentrated ionic sulfate minerals. The Adya mineral extraction and water purification processes are protected under U.S Patent 4,776,963. While the benefits of Adya Clarity products are debated in the natural health industry, the company and distributors cite considerable peer-reviewed research and government approvals to back their claims. Similar to municipal water treatment, Adya Water Purifying Solution purifies water in a 4-step process:

Flocculation: When added to water, Adya Water Purifying Solution causes dissolved, invisible contaminants to come out of suspension. Coagulation: Next, the contaminants are neutralized as they clump together and become insoluble. Precipitation: Once coagulated, the insoluble, neutralized contaminants solidify as they precipitate out of solution.

Deposition: The precipitates settle and are deposited as sediment at the bottom of your water container.

SUPPLIERS:

1) Adya Clarity Black Mica Extract

2 Biotite Mining Claim Sites, BC

54 Activated Carbon (Charcoal) DEFINITION:

Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon that has been processed with oxygen to create millions of tiny pores between the carbon atoms. This increases the surface area of the substance from 500 to 1500m2/g, or 300-2,00 square meters per gram. One pound of activated carbon has the surface area equivalent of six football fields. The increased surface area of activated carbon makes the material suitable for adsorption, a process by which impurities in substances such as fluids, vapors or gas are removed.

Activated carbon is usually made from charcoal, but can be produced from wood, peat or even coconut shells (coir). There are over 150 grades of activated carbon, each with their own uses and applications. (2014 Cabot Norit Activated Charcoal)

BACKGROUND:

There is evidence of its usage and importance throughout history, from the ancient world Egypt where it was used to smelt ores into bronze, to Hindus with its medicinal properties to the modern day era and its vast range of water treatment/industrial/medical functions.

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

In most applications activated carbon removes impurities from fluids, vapors or gas by a process called adsorption. Adsorption is a surface phenomenon that results in the accumulation of molecules within the internal pores of an activated carbon. This occurs in pores slightly larger than the molecules that are being adsorbed, which is why it is very important to match the pore size of the activated carbon with the molecules you are trying to adsorb. The impurity molecules are held within the carbon's internal pore structure by electrostatic attraction (V an der Waals forces) or chemisorption.

Activated carbon uses:

Water Treatment: purification of water and potable water treatment. It is used in a variety of water treatment industries, from municipal water supply treatment, wastewater treatment, swimming pools, aquariums and even home filtration systems.

Air Purification: to control potentially harmful, environmentally damaging or unpleasant odors in a number of environments, including homes, manufacturing facilities and in operating rooms.

Food & Beverage: uses activation as part of various processes, to decolorization of sugar, purify organic compounds, remove chlorine, decaffeination and others. Industrial: a catalyst for many industrial applications, gas processing, gas storage and delivery, gold recovery, pharmaceutical purification and many other practices.

Medical: a poison treatment, odor control, filtration, respiration masks and wound dressing just to name a few applications.

SUPPLIERS:

1) Cabot Norit Activated Charcoal

55 Magnetite (Black Sand) DEFINITION:

Magnetite is a black, opaque mineral, one of the two common naturally occurring iron oxides (chemical formula Fe ₃ 0 ₄ ) and a member of the spinel group. Magnetite is the most magnetic of all the naturally occurring minerals on Earth. Naturally magnetized pieces of magnetite, called lodestone, will attract small pieces of iron, and this was how ancient people first noticed the property of magnetism. It is one of the most abundant metal oxides, and its crystal structure contains both the ferrous (Fe+2) and ferric (Fe+3) forms of iron ions. A complex pattern of electrons between the two forms of iron is the source of its magnetic nature.

BACKGROUND:

One of only a few naturally occurring magnetic materials, magnetite fascinated early civilizations and set many on a path toward the modem compass. Consequently open sea navigation; commerce and war-fare are to a great degree part of magnetite's legacy. Back in the Early Proterozoic (2.5 to 1.6 billion years ago), however, large deposits of magnetite precipitated directly from seawater, as it was a time when the world's oceans and atmosphere had not yet become as oxygen-rich as they now are. (University of Minnesota)

FUNCTION/ BENEFITS:

Most of the magnetite mined is used as an ore of kon. Iron liberated from the ore is usually used to make iron, steel and other alloys, among other uses.

Similar to research being done for paramagnetic basalt, an area of increasing interest is unfolding with MEOW (Magnetic Effect ORMUS Water) and the positive growing effects on plants. Dr. John V. Milewski has been experimenting with subtle energies and the influence of magnetism on the photosynthesis process of predetermined plants to find their growth significantly accelerated while requiring less water. (The Effects of Magnetite, Magnetic Water & Magnetic Monopoles on Plant Growth, Dec 2006). It is included as a water structuring aid.

SUPPLIERS:

1) Mines and deposits near Keremeos, BC

2) Philippines mining sites