CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED CASES

[1] This application claims priority to Indian Provisional Application No. 2987/MUM/2014 entitled "Harvesting Device for Hair Transplant," filed September 18, 2014; Indian Provisional Application No. 4011/MUM/2014 entitled "Follicle Holding Tray for Hair Transplant," filed December 15, 2014; Indian Provisional Application No. 4012/MUM/2014 entitled "Punch for Hair Transplant," filed December 15, 2014; Indian Provisional Application No. 4161/MUM/2014 entitled "Implantation of Follicular Grafts," filed December 26, 2014; PCT Application No. PCT/IN2015/050042 entitled "Hair Transplant Systems and Methods for Their Use," filed June 5, 2015; PCT Application No. IN2015/050091 filed August 13, 2015; and PCT application No. IN2015/050092 filed August 13, 2015, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[2] The present disclosure relates, in general, to hair transplantation devices. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a vacuum assisted follicle harvesting device.

BACKGROUND

[3] The following description is provided to assist the understanding of the reader. None of the information provided or references cited is admitted to be prior art. Transplantations of grafts (e.g., skin or hair follicle grafts) are not always successful. In some instances, cutting a graft out of skin of a patient and pulling the graft out of the skin can damage the graft. Damaging the graft can lead to an increased chance that the graft will fail. SUMMARY

[4] An illustrative device includes a coring tube with a first end and a second end. The first end has a sharp edge configured to cut around a graft, and the coring tube has a lumen. The device also includes a collar that surrounds a first portion of the coring tube. The coring tube and the collar are rotationally secured to one another. The device further includes a cap connector with a vacuum source connection. A vacuum pressure of the vacuum source is configured to draw the graft into the lumen of the coring tube and through the cap connector. The device also includes a housing that surrounds a second portion of the coring tube, a portion of the collar, and a portion of the cap connector. The device further includes a depth control member that surrounds a third portion of the coring tube. A first end of the depth control member abuts a surface of skin of a patient.

[5] An illustrative device includes a coring tube with a first end, a second end, and a body portion between the first end and the second end. The first end comprises a sharp edge configured to cut around a graft. The coring tube comprises a lumen. The body portion comprises a helical groove on an outside surface of the coring tube. The device also includes a cap connector with a vacuum source connection. A vacuum pressure of the vacuum source is configured to draw the graft into the lumen of the coring tube and through the cap connector. The device also includes a housing that surrounds a portion of the coring tube and a portion of the cap connector. The housing comprises a tongue that engages the helical groove of the coring tube. The device also includes an actuator configured to rotate the coring tube.

[6] An illustrative method includes applying suction to a lumen of a coring tube of a graft extraction module. The suction is applied via a vacuum source connected to a cap connector. The method also includes causing a coring tube to rotate and inserting the coring tube into skin of a patient until a depth control member of the graft extraction module abuts a surface of the skin of the patient. The method further includes suctioning a graft of the skin of the patient through the lumen and the cap connector and removing the coring tube from the skin of the patient.

[7] An illustrative method includes applying suction to a lumen of a coring tube of a graft extraction module. The suction is applied via a vacuum source connected to a cap connector. The method also includes inserting the coring tube into skin of a patient. A housing of the graft extraction module does not move with respect to the skin of the patient when the coring tube is inserted. The method further includes suctioning a graft of the skin of the patient through the lumen and the cap connector and removing the coring tube from the skin of the patient.

[8] The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the following drawings and the detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[9] Fig. 1 is a diagram of a graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[10] Fig. 2 is an exploded view of a rotor head in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[11] Fig. 3 is an exploded view of a collet assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[12] Fig. 4 is an illustration of an assembled collet assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[13] Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a collet assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. [14] Fig. 6A is a cross-sectional view of a rotor head in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[15] Fig. 6B is an isometric view of a rotor head in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[16] Fig. 6C is an isometric view of a rotor head with a collet latch in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[17] Fig.7 is a cross-sectional view of a rotor head with a quick-disconnect coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[18] Fig. 8 is an illustration of a quick-disconnect fitting in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[19] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a rotor head in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[20] Fig. 10 is an exploded view of a rotor head in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[21] Fig. 11 is an illustration of a rotor head with a sleeve in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[22] Fig. 12 is an illustration of a rotor head with a depth adjuster in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[23] Fig. 13 is an isometric view of a cable driven graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[24] Fig. 14 is an exploded view of a cable driven graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[25] Fig. 15 is an exploded view of a collet assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. [26] Fig. 16 is an isometric view of a collet assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[27] Fig. 17 is an exploded view of a cable drive assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[28] Figs. 18 and 19 are isometric views of a cable drive assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[29] Fig. 20 is an isometric view of an assembled collet drive assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[30] Fig. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a cable driven graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[31] Fig. 22 is an isometric view of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[32] Fig. 23 is an exploded view of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[33] Figs. 24A and 24B are cross-sectional views of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[34] Fig. 25 is a side view of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[35] Fig. 26 is a cross-sectional view of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[36] Fig. 27 is a side view of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[37] Fig. 28 is a cross-sectional view of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. [38] Fig. 29 is a cut-away view of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[39] Fig. 30A is a cross-sectional view of a graft extraction module with a linearly actuated coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[40] Fig. 3 OB is a side view of a graft extraction module with a linearly actuated coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[41] Fig. 30C is an isometric view of a graft extraction module with a linearly actuated coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[42] Fig. 31 is an isometric view of a rotary coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[43] Fig. 32 is a cross-sectional view of a coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[44] Fig. 33A is a cross-sectional view of the front end of a double-tapered coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[45] Fig. 33B is a cross-sectional view of the front end of a single-tapered coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[46] Fig. 34 is an illustration of coring tube that is tapered along its length in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[47] Fig. 35 is an illustration of a stepped coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[48] Fig. 36 is an illustration of a serrated coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[49] Fig. 37 is a cross-sectional view of a coring tube with an embedded spiral in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. [50] Fig. 38 is a cross-sectional view of a coring tube with a raised spiral in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[51] Fig. 39A is a cross-sectional view of a graft extraction module with an adjustable coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[52] Figs. 39B and 39C are diagrams illustrating adjustment of a coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[53] Fig. 40 is a flow chart of a method of using a graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[54] Fig. 41 is a flow chart of a method of using a graft extraction module with a linear actuator in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

[55] The foregoing and other features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only several embodiments in accordance with the disclosure and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of its scope, the disclosure will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[56] In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise.

[57] Skin graft transplants are performed for a variety of reasons. Hair transplants are one type of skin graft transplants. For example, hair on the donor site of a scalp is trimmed to retain a suitable height for the hair transplant procedure. With the help of a graft extraction module, hair follicle units containing at least one hair are cored out. The cored out follicular units are removed from the scalp through suction. After harvesting, the recipient site of the scalp is prepared and each follicular unit is implanted into the scalp.

[58] In illustrative embodiments, a graft in a hair transplantation context is an elongated tissue surgically extracted from the donor site with at least one hair within it placed almost parallel to the axis of the graft. The tissue of the graft consists of a layer of skin on top followed by dermal tissue and loose fatty tissue. In some cases the graft may also contain a layer of cutaneous tissue. In other embodiments, any suitable graft may be used.

[59] In an embodiment, follicular grafts used in follicular unit extraction (FUE) techniques for implanting are obtained by circular coring-out of the scalp skin along with hair follicle(s) with the aid of a surgical instrument. In some instances, the grafts are implanted, one by one, into recipient sites. In some cases, a manual implanting device is used to help prevent damage to the follicles that may be caused by the use of tweezers.

[60] Fig. 1 is a diagram of a graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative graft extraction module 100 includes a rotor head 105 and a drive motor 110. The rotor head 105 includes a coring tube 115, an adjusting nut 120, a housing 125, and a cap connector 130. Attached to the cap connector 130 is a graft collection tube 135. A power source 140 (e.g., an electrical cord) provides power to the drive motor 110. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used.

[61] In an illustrative embodiment, the drive motor 110 provides rotational movement to the rotor head 105 via an electrical motor. The rotational movement from the drive motor 110 is transferred through the rotor head 105 through one or more gears to rotate the coring tube 115. In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 115 rotates continuously in one direction (e.g., clockwise or counter-clockwise). [62] In an alternative embodiment, the coring tube 115 oscillates between two opposite rotational directions. For example, the coring tube 115 rotates in a first direction (e.g., clockwise) by x° and then rotates in a second direction (e.g., counter clockwise) by y°. In an illustrative embodiment, x is equal to y. In alternative embodiments, x is greater than or less than y. In embodiments in which the coring tube 115 oscillates, the drive motor 110 provides the oscillating movement. In an alternative embodiment, the drive motor 110 provides rotational movement in a single direction, and the rotor head 105 converts the rotational movement to an oscillating movement. In some embodiments, the coring tube 115 can be moved in a lateral direction. For example, the coring tube 115 can be moved closer to or further away from the rotor head 105.

[63] In an illustrative embodiment, movement of the coring tube 115 is caused by an ultrasonic actuator. For example, an ultrasonic actuator can be configured to vibrate the coring tube 115. The ultrasonic actuator can include, for example, a piezoelectric crystal actuator. In alternative embodiments, any suitable ultrasonic actuator can be used. The coring tube 115 can be vibrated at a frequency of 5 kilo-Hertz (kHz) to 55 kHz. For example, the coring tube 115 is vibrated at a frequency of 5 kHz, 10 kHz, 20 kHz, 30 kHz, 40 kHz, 50 kHz, 55 kHz, etc. In alternative embodiments, the coring tube 115 is vibrated at a frequency less than 5 kHz or greater than 55 kHz. In some embodiments, the coring tube 115 is vibrated while the coring tube 115 is rotated, oscillated, and/or moved laterally.

[64] In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 115 rotates at about 1500 revolutions per minute (rpm). In alternative embodiments, the coring tube 115 rotates faster or slower than 1500 rpm. For example, the coring tube 115 can rotate at 100 rpm, 500 rpm, 1000 rpm, 1100 rpm, 1200 rpm, 1300 rpm, 1400 rpm, 1450 rpm, 1550 rpm, 1600 rpm, 1700 rpm, 1800 rpm, 1900 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2500 rpm, etc.

[65] In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 115is inserted into skin of a patient while the coring tube 115 is rotating. The coring tube 115 cuts into the skin. Vacuum pressure can be applied to the graft collection tube 135. The vacuum pressure can also be applied to the front end of the coring tube 115 that is inserted into the skin. When the coring tube 115 is inserted into the skin of the patient, the vacuum pressure can suction the cut portion of the skin (e.g., a graft) through the coring tube 115 and through the graft collection tube 135. In an illustrative embodiment, the graft is suctioned to a graft storage module. In some embodiments, the graft storage module is attached to the cap connector 130 and a graft collection tube 135 is not used.

[66] The diameter of the grafts depends on the size of the coring tube 115 (which can also be referred to as a punch). In illustrative embodiments, the grafts can be from 0.8 mm in diameter to 1.5 mm in diameter. For example, the diameter of the grafts can be 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, etc. In alternative embodiments, the grafts can be less than 0.8 mm in diameter or greater than 1.5 mm in diameter. For example, the grafts can be 0.5 mm in diameter. The size of the coring tube can be chosen by the clinician. For example, the size of the coring tube used can depend on the diameter of the hair. For thin strands of hair, a smaller size coring tube may be used (e.g., 0.6 mm). Similarly, for thick strands of hair, a larger size coring tube may be used (e.g., 1.2 mm).

[67] A vacuum hose can be attached to the cap connector 130, and vacuum can be applied to the cap connector 130. The vacuum pressure travels through the graft extraction module 100 and is applied at the tip of the coring tube 115. Any suitable amount of vacuum can be applied at the cap connector 130. For example, the pressure at the cap connector 130 can be in the range of 10 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) to 760 mm Hg. For example, the pressure at the cap connector 130 can be 10 mm Hg, 20 mm Hg, 50 mm Hg, 100 mm Hg, 200 mm

Hg, 300 mm Hg, 400 mm Hg, 450 mm Hg, 500 mm Hg, 550 mm Hg, 600 mm Hg,

700 mm Hg, 760 mm Hg, etc. In alternative embodiments, the pressure at the cap connector 130 can be less than 200 mm Hg or greater than 700 mm Hg. The amount of vacuum pressure used can be chosen by a clinician based on the size of the graft, they type of tissue, the strength of connective tissue hosing the base of the graft, the size of the coring tube 115, the particular atmospheric conditions, the preference of the clinician, etc.

[68] In some embodiments, the vacuum source is configured to provide an amount of airflow. In some instances, the airflow is a measure of the pulling capacity of the graft extraction module 100. In such embodiments, the vacuum source can be configured to provide 5 liters per minute (Lpm). In alternative embodiments, the vacuum source can provide more or less airflow than 5 Lpm. For example, the vacuum source can be configured to provide 1 Lpm, 2 Lpm, 3 Lpm, 4 Lpm, 4.5 Lpm, 5.5 Lpm, 6 Lpm, 7 Lpm, 8 Lpm, 9 Lpm, etc. In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 115 has an inside diameter of 1.0 mm and a flow rate of 10 Lpmto 15 Lpmis sufficient to suction a graft with a diameter of about 1.0 mm through the coring tube 115. The amount of airflow used can be selected by a clinician and can depend on the type of tissue, the size and weight of the graft, the size of the coring tube 115, etc. For example, a clinician may use a higher airflow for a large coring tube 115 than for a small coring tube 115.

[69] Fig. 2 is an exploded view of a rotor head in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative rotor head 105 includes a coring tube 115, an adjusting nut 120, a housing 125, a collet assembly 205, a retainer ring 210, a securing ring 210, a seal 220, and a cap connector 130. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used.

[70] In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 115 slides inside an internal passage of the collet assembly 205. The front end of the collet assembly 205 is slotted. The adjusting nut 120 can press against the front end of the collet assembly 205, thereby compressing the front end of the collet assembly 205 around the coring tube 115 and clamping the coring tube 115 and the collet assembly 205 together such that the coring tube 115 and the collet assembly 205 rotate together.

[71] In an illustrative embodiment, the securing ring 215 presses the retainer ring 210 against the collet assembly 205, thereby maintaining the collet assembly 205 within the housing 125. The securing ring 215 can be secured to the housing 125 using any suitable means, such as via threads. In an illustrative embodiment, the securing ring 215 presses the seal 220 against the retainer ring 210 and the cap connector 130 against the seal 220, thereby creating a sealed fluidic pathway from the front end of the coring tube 115 to the rear end of the cap connector 130 (which can be attached to and fluidly connected with the graft collection tube 135).

[72] Fig. 3 is an exploded view of a collet assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Fig. 4 is an illustration of an assembled collet assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a collet assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative collet assembly 205 includes a collet 305, bearings 310, a gear 315, a washer 320, and bearings 325. An illustrative collet 305 includes at least one collet arm 505 and a collet body 510. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used. In the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 3- 5, the collet 305 has four collet arms 505. In alternative embodiments, any suitable number of collet arms 505 may be used. Bearings 310 and bearings 325 can be any suitable bearings such as needle bearings, ball bearings, thrust bearings, journal bearings, self-lubricated bushing bearings, contactless magnetic bearings, etc.

[73] Fig. 6A is a cross-sectional view of a rotor head in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative rotor head 105 includes a coring tube 115, a collet assembly 205, an adjusting nut 120, a housing 125, bearings 310, a gear 315, bearings 325, a retainer ring 210, a securing ring 215, a seal 220, a cap connector 130, a graft collection tube 135, a shaft 605, and shaft teeth 610. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used.

[74] In an illustrative embodiment, the adjusting nut 120 can be fixed to the collet assembly 205. For example, the adjusting nut 120 can screw onto the collet assembly 205 via threads on the front end of the collet assembly 205. In an illustrative embodiment, the adjusting nut 120 threads onto the collet body 510. As the adjusting nut 120 is threaded onto the collet body 510, the one or more collet arm 505 are compressed, thereby gripping the coring tube 115. The adjusting nut 120 can be unscrewed from the collet assembly 205, thereby loosening the grip of the collet arm 505 on the coring tube 115. The coring tube 115 can slide inside the collet assembly 205 allowing adjustment of the length of the coring tube 115 that protrudes from the end of the collet assembly 205.

[75] In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 115 extends through the collet assembly 205 and through the seal 220. The seal 220 creates a seal around the coring tube 115 as the coring tube 115 rotates. The securing ring 215 presses the cap connector 130 against the seal 220,thereby sealing an internal lumen of the cap connector 130 with the internal lumen of the coring tube 115. Thus, if vacuum is applied to the cap connector 130 (e.g., via the graft collection tube 135), then vacuum is also applied to the front end of the coring tube 115. Accordingly, when the front end of the coring tube 115 is inserted into skin of a patient, a tubular piece of skin is suctioned from the front end of the coring tube 115 through the cap connector 130 (and the graft collection tube 135).

[76] In an illustrative embodiment, the shaft 605 is rotated by the drive motor 110 at one end (e.g., the end not illustrated in Fig. 6A). On the opposite end of the shaft 605 are shaft teeth 610. The shaft teeth 610 engage teeth of the gear 315. Thus, when the shaft 605 rotates, the gear 315 and, thus, the coring tube 115 rotate. In an illustrative embodiment, the shaft 605 is perpendicular to the coring tube 115. In alternative embodiments, any suitable angle can be used between the shaft 605 and the coring tube 115. In alternative embodiments, any suitable gearing and/or transmission can be used such as a bevel gear, a worm gear, a helical gear, a combination thereof, etc.

[77] In an illustrative embodiment, the graft collection tube 135 connects to the cap connector 130 using a barbed connection, as illustrated in Fig. 6. In alternative embodiments, any suitable connection method can be used. For example, a threaded fitting, a snap connection, a quick disconnect, etc. may be used.

[78] Fig. 6B is an isometric view of a rotor head in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Fig. 6C is an isometric view of a rotor head with a collet latch in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. As shown in Fig. 6B, in an illustrative embodiment the adjusting nut 120 is spaced apart from the housing 125 that exposes a portion of the collet assembly 205. The collet assembly 205 includes a flat portion 615. As illustrated in Fig. 6C, a collet latch 625 can be placed between the adjusting nut 120 and the housing 125. The collet latch 625 engages the flat portion 615 of the collet assembly 205. The collet latch 625 can rotationally secure the collet assembly 205 such that the adjusting nut 120 can be securely screwed (or unscrewed) onto the collet assembly 205, thereby securing the coring tube 115 to the collet assembly 205.

[79] As shown in Fig. 6B, in some embodiments the coring tube 115 can include graduated markings 620. Although Fig. 6B illustrates six graduated markings 620, any suitable number of graduated markings 620 can be used. Also, the graduated markings 620 can be spaced apart in any suitable manner. The graduated markings 620 can be used to measure the depth of the coring tube 115 into the skin of the patient. For example, a clinician can use the graduated markings 620 to help ensure that the coring tube 115 is inserted to the proper depth to harvest a graft and to not cause unnecessary damage to the patient. In an illustrative embodiment, the graduated markings 620 are colored differently to facilitate quick identification of the depth of the coring tube 115.

[80] Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a rotor head with a quick-disconnect coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In an illustrative embodiment, a rotor head 700 includes a coring tube 115 attached to a quick- disconnect fitting 705, a groove 710, a quick-disconnect receiver 715, bearings 310, bearings 325, a seal 720, a seal 730, a cap connector 130, a shaft 605, and a housing 725. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used. [81] In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 115 is secured to the quick- disconnect fitting 705. The quick-disconnect fitting 705 can slide into and out of the quick-disconnect receiver quick-disconnect receiver 715 when pushed or pulled. The outside surface of the quick-disconnect fitting 705 that slides into the quick-disconnect receiver 715 contains splines that are received by respective splines on the inside surface of the quick-disconnect receiver 715. The splines rotationally secure the quick-disconnect fitting 705 and the quick- disconnect receiver 715. The quick-disconnect fitting 705 is secured in place within the housing 725 with the groove 710. The quick-disconnect fitting 705 has a respective slot configured to receive the groove 710. In an illustrative embodiment, the housing 725 includes multiple grooves 710 thereby allowing the quick-disconnect fitting 705 (and, therefore, the coring tube 115) to be secured at one of multiple positions along the housing 725. In alternative embodiments, the quick-disconnect fitting 705 has a groove 710 and the housing 725 has a slot that receives the groove 710.

[82] The bearings 310 and the bearings 325 facilitate rotation of the quick- disconnect receiver 715. In an illustrative embodiment, bearings 310 and bearings 325 are not used. Similar to the embodiments illustrated in Fig. 6A, the shaft 605 has shaft teeth 610 (not illustrated in Fig. 7) that engage respective teeth on the quick-disconnect receiver 715. Thus, rotational movement of shaft 605 is transferred to the quick-disconnect receiver quick-disconnect receiver 715, which is rotationally connected to the quick-disconnect fitting 705 and coring tube 115.

[83] Fig. 8 is an illustration of a quick-disconnect fitting in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. The quick-disconnect fitting 705 is secured to the coring tube 115 using any suitable method. For example, the quick-disconnect fitting 705 can be secured to the coring tube 115 via friction, a glue, an epoxy, etc. In an illustrative embodiment, the quick-disconnect fitting 705 and the coring tube 115 are a single piece. The quick-disconnect fitting 705 has a slot

805 that receives the groove 710. The quick-disconnect fitting 705 has splines

810 that are received by respective splines of the quick-disconnect receiver quick-disconnect receiver 715 thereby rotationally securing the quick- disconnect fitting 705 and the quick-disconnect receiver 715. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used.

[84] Referring back to Fig. 7, in an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 115 extends through the quick-disconnect fitting 705, the quick-disconnect receiver 715, and the seal 720. The seal 720 is fixed to the housing 725 and creates a seal between the coring tube 115 and the housing 725. The coring tube 115 can rotate within the seal 720 while maintaining the seal. The seal 730 creates a seal between the housing 725 and the cap connector 130. The seal 730 can be any suitable seal, such as an O-ring. For example, the seal 730 (or any other seal) can be made of bio-compatible materials such as Buna-N (Nitrile), ethylene-propylene, silicone, polyurethane, neoprene, one or more fluorocarbon materials, etc. Thus, vacuum applied to the internal lumen of the cap connector 130 applies vacuum to the front end of the coring tube 115.

[85] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a rotor head in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Fig. 10 is an exploded view of a rotor head in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative rotor head 900 includes a coring tube 115, bearings 310, a magnet 910, windings 905, a housing 925, bearings 325, a seal 915, a cap connector 130, and a graft collection tube 135. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used. The illustrative rotor head 900 includes the drive mechanism that rotates the coring tube 115. In some instances, the rotor head 900 is relatively small and lightweight, which improves maneuverability of the rotor head 900 and creates less fatigue of the clinician.

[86] The magnet 910 is secured to the coring tube 115 and the windings 905 are secured to the housing 925. In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 115 is removably secured to the magnet 910 such that the coring tube 115 can be removed from the rotor head 900. The windings 905 can be any suitable windings such as copper windings. An electrical current passing through the windings 905 can cause the magnet 910 to rotate using any suitable method. That is, the magnet 910 and the windings 905 create a motor.

[87] In an illustrative embodiment, the bearings 325 include one or more ball bearings 935 between a bearing seal 930 and a bearing cover 940. The bearings 310 and the bearings 325 can facilitate rotation of the magnet 910 and the coring tube 115 within the rotor head 900. The cap connector 130 presses the seal 915 against the bearing cover 940 to create a seal. The bearing seal 935 can create a seal with the coring tube 115. Thus, vacuum applied to the cap connector 130 (e.g., via the graft collection tube 135) applies vacuum pressure to the front end of the coring tube 115.

[88] In an illustrative embodiment, a rotor head, such as rotor head 900, includes a linear actuator that can move the coring tube 115 into and out of the rotor head. The linear actuator can be used to adjust the amount of the coring tube 115 that extends from the rotor head. Thus, the linear actuator can allow the clinician to limit the depth that the coring tube 115 can extend into the skin of the patient. In an illustrative embodiment, the rotor head and the coring tube 115 can be placed against the skin of the patient. The linear actuator can cause the coring tube 115 to extend from the rotor head and into the skin of the patient while the rotor head remains stationary. The linear actuator can retract the coring tube 115 from the skin of the patient, for example, after the graft has been removed from the skin.

[89] Fig. 11 is an illustration of a rotor head with a sleeve in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. The rotor head 105 can be fitted with a sleeve 1105. The sleeve 1105 can slide over the coring tube 115 and attach to the coring tube 115 and/or the adjusting nut 120. Thus, the sleeve 1105 can rotate with the coring tube 115 and the adjusting nut 120. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used.

[90] The length of the sleeve 1105 can be used to limit the depth that the coring tube 115 is inserted into the patient's skin. For example, the coring tube 115 can be inserted into skin until the sleeve 1105 touches the surface of the patient's skin (e.g., the skin around the graft that is harvested). As illustrated in Fig. 11, the sleeve 1105 can have a bevel 1110. In some instances, the coring tube 115 is inserted into the skin at an angle (e.g., the angle of hair follicle growth). The coring tube 115 can be inserted into the skin at an angle between 0° and 30°. For example, the coring tube 115 can be inserted at an angle of 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, etc. In alternative embodiments, thecoring tube 115 can be inserted at angles greater than 30°. Thus, when the coring tube 115 is inserted into the skin, the bevel 1110 touches the skin of the patient. In some embodiments, the bevel 1110 can be any suitable shape, such as rounded or squared.

[91] The sleeve 1105 can be made of any suitable substance. For example, the sleeve 1105 can be made of a soft elastomeric material. In an illustrative embodiment, the sleeve 1105 is made of silicon. The sleeve 1105 can be relatively soft with a hardness of between 20Shore A to 80 Shore A.

[92] Fig. 12 is an illustration of a rotor head with a depth adjuster in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In an illustrative embodiment, a depth adjuster 1205 is attached to a rotor head 105. An illustrative depth adjuster 1205 has latches 1210, a front face 1215, a grip 1220, and notches 1225. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used.

[93] In an illustrative embodiment, the portion of the housing 125 that the depth adjuster 1205 clips to is circular. Thus, the depth adjuster 1205 can be rotated about the housing 125 to a position chosen by the clinician operating the graft extraction module 100. The latches 1210 clip the depth adjuster 1205 to the housing 125. When the coring tube 115 is inserted into the skin of the patient, the front face 1215 can touch the surface of the skin, thereby limiting the depth that the coring tube 115 is inserted. The notches 1225 allow a selectable position of the front face 1215 along the length of the coring tube 115. For example, the grip 1220 can be used to slide the front face 1215 to one of the positions defined by the notches 1225.

[94] The depth adjuster 1205 can be made of any suitable material. For example, the depth adjuster 1205 can be made of a transparent (or translucent) material allowing the clinician to view the coring tube 115 and the skin of the patient through the depth adjuster 1205. In an illustrative embodiment, the depth adjuster 1205 is made of polycarbonate.

[95] The length that the coring tube 115 extends beyond the depth adjuster 1205 can be determined based on the desired length of the graft. The length of the grafts can be determined by the thickness of the skin from which the grafts are harvested. In an illustrative embodiment, the length of the grafts can be between 6 mm and 8 mm. For example, the grafts can be 6 mm long, 6.5 mm long, 7 mm long, 7.5 mm long, 8 mm long, etc. In alternative embodiments, the grafts can be shorter than 6 mm or longer than 8 mm. In embodiments in which the graft includes a hair follicle, hair can protrude from the graft. The length of the hair can be as long as a hair can grow. In some instances, the hair is shaven close to the skin. In other embodiments, the hair is trimmed prior to extraction to be approximately 2 mm to 5 mm above the surface of the skin.

[96] Fig. 13 is an isometric view of a cable driven graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Fig. 14 is an exploded view of a cable driven graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative graft extraction module 1400 includes a coring tube 115, an adjusting nut 120, a collet drive assembly 1410, a securing ring 215, a seal 220, a cap connector 130, and a housing 1405. A cable assembly 1415 attaches to the graft extraction module 1400 via the cable fastener 1420. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used. In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 115 is rotationally connected to a remote motor via the cable assembly 1415. Thus, the graft extraction module 1400 is relatively small and lightweight, making the graft extraction module 1400 easy to work with for a clinician. [97] In an illustrative embodiment, the cable assembly 1415 is a coaxial cable with a central cable and a sheath. The central cable can spin within the sheath. A remote motor can be used to spin the central cable. The central cable can be used to spin the collet drive assembly 1410 and the coring tube 115. The coring tube 115 is secured to the collet drive assembly 1410 via the adjusting nut 120. In an illustrative embodiment, the cable assembly 1415 attaches to the graft extraction module 1400 via the cable fastener 1420, which can be a threaded nut. In alternative embodiments, any suitable fastener can be used, such as a quick-disconnect fitting. In an illustrative embodiment, a motor is mounted to the graft extraction module 1400 and the cable assembly 1415 is not used.

[98] Fig. 15 is an exploded view of a collet assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodimentFig. 16 is an isometric view of a collet assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative collet assembly 1500 includes a collet 1505, bearings 310, a collet gear 1510, a washer 1515, and bearings 325. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used.

[99] Similar to the collet 305, the collet 1505 has collet arms 1520, threads 1525, and a flat portion 615. The threads 1525 are used to thread the adjusting nut 120 onto the collet 1505. As the adjusting nut 120 is threaded onto the collet 1505, the adjusting nut 120 squeezes the collet arms 1520, which grip the coring tube 115(which passes through the collet 1505). The bearings 310 slide onto the collet 1505 and facilitate smooth rotation of the collet 1505. The collet gear 1510 slides onto the collet 1505 and is rotationally secured to the collet 1505 such that the collet 1505 and the collet gear 1510 spin together. The bearings 325 slide onto the washer 1515 which, in turn, slides onto the collet 1505.

[100] Fig. 17 is an exploded view of a cable drive assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodimentFigs. 18 and 19 are isometric views of a cable drive assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative cable drive assembly 1700 includes bearings 1705, a cable drive gear 1710, bearings 1715, and a cable drive axle 1720. As illustrated in Fig. 19, a rear end of the cable drive axle 1720 is configured to receive the cable of the cable assembly 1415 such that when the cable rotates, the cable drive assembly 1700 rotates.

[101] Fig. 20 is an isometric view of an assembled collet drive assembly in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Teeth of the cable drive gear 1710 fit with teeth of the collet gear 1510 such that when the cable drive assembly 1700 rotates, the collet assembly 1500 rotates. Any suitable gear ratio between the cable drive gear 1710 and the collet gear 1510 can be used to facilitate appropriate rotational speed of the collet 1505 and, therefore, the coring tube 115.

[102] Fig. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a cable driven graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. As illustrated in Fig. 21, the cable assembly 1415 attaches to the graft extraction module 1400 via the cable fastener 1420. The cable of the cable assembly 1415 spins, thereby spinning the cable drive axle 1720, the collet gear 1510, the collet 1505 (and the adjusting nut 120), and the coring tube 115. The seal 220 creates a seal between an internal lumen of the cap connector 130 and the coring tube 115 such that applying suction to the cap connector 130 applies suction to the front end of the coring tube 115. Any suitable sealing mechanism can be used.

[103] Fig. 22 is an isometric view of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative graft extraction module 2200 has a rotor head 2305, a cap connector 2310, a coring tube 115, and a quick-disconnect fitting 705. The rotor head 2305 has a control knob 2350. Removably connected to the cap connector 2310 is a pneumatic tube 2205 and a graft collection tube 135. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used. In an illustrative embodiment, the graft extraction module 2200 is made of primarily light-weight materials. Thus, the graft extraction module 2200 is relatively small, compact, and light, making the graft extraction module 2200 easy to work with and handheld. [104] In an illustrative embodiment, the pneumatic tube 2205 is used to provide pneumatic power that rotates the coring tube 115. In some embodiments, the pneumatic power is provided using suction. In alternative embodiments, positive pressure can be used. The amount of airflow passing through the pneumatic tube 2205 is controlled using the control knob 2350, thereby controlling the speed of the coring tube 115.

[105] Fig. 23 is an exploded view of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative graft extraction module 2200 has a rotor head 2305 with a rotary coring tube3100, a seal 2315, bearings 310, a turbine 2320, bearings 325, a retainer ring 2325, a seal 2340, a spring 2345, and a control knob 2350. The graft extraction module 2200 also includes a seal 2330, a cap connector 2310, and a channel 2335. In alternative embodiments, the graft extraction module 2200 includes additional, fewer, and/or different elements.

[106] In an illustrative embodiment, bearings 310 and bearings 325 slide over opposite ends of the turbine 2320, which is housed within the rotor head 2305. The retainer ring 2325 threads into the rotor head 2305 and contains the turbine 2320 within the rotor head 2305. The rotary coring tube3100removably connects to the turbine 2320 such that the turbine 2320 and the rotary coring tube3100 rotate together. In alternative embodiments, any suitable means can be used to secure a coring tube to the turbine 2320. Suction from the graft collection tube 135 provides vacuum within an internal lumen of the turbine 2320 and the rotary coring tube3100.

[107] In an illustrative embodiment, pneumatic power (e.g., air) from the pneumatic tube 2205 is transmitted through the channel 2335 to rotate the turbine 2320. Figs. 24A and 24B are cross-sectional views of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodimentArrows depicted in Figs. 24A and 24B illustrate airflow from the pneumatic tube 2205. In alternative embodiments, the airflow can be reversed. [108] In an illustrative embodiment, air flows through the channel 2335, through veins of the turbine 2320, and through the pneumatic port 2405. The control knob 2350 (and the seal 2340 and the spring 2345) is located at the pneumatic port 2405 to control the amount of air that flows through the pneumatic port 2405 (and, therefore, through the channel 2335 and the veins of the turbine 2320). In an illustrative embodiment, the pneumatic port 2405 is tangential to the pitch circle of the turbine 2320. Fig. 24A illustrates the control knob 2350 in an open position and Fig. 24B illustrates the control knob 2350 in the closed position. The control knob 2350 can be controlled between the open and closed position to regulate the amount of air that passes through the pneumatic port 2405 and, therefore, regulate the speed of the turbine 2320 and the rotary coring tube3100. For example, a finger (or thumb) of a clinician can operate the control knob 2350 to control the speed of the rotary coring tube3100 as the rotary coring tube3100 is inserted into skin of the patient.

[109] In the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 24A and 24B, the control knob 2350 operates by being pressed into the pneumatic port 2405 to restrict airflow and by being released to allow airflow. The spring 2345 presses the control knob 2350 out of the pneumatic port 2405. In an alternative embodiment, positive pressure from the channel 2335 can force the control knob 2350 out of the pneumatic port 2405 when the clinician does not press in the control knob 2350. In alternative embodiments, any suitable control knob 2350 can be used, such as a control knob that threads into the pneumatic port 2405.

[110] Fig. 25 is a side view of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodimentFig. 26 is a cross-sectional view of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. A graft collection channel 2605 runs through the graft extraction module 2200 and is fluidly connected to a lumen of the coring tube 115. Thus, suction from the graft collection tube 135 travels through the graft collection channel 2605 and the lumen of the coring tube 115. [111] As illustrated in Fig. 26, in an illustrative embodiment, the diameter of the graft collection channel 2605 is wider than the lumen of the coring tube 115. In an illustrative embodiment, the inside diameter of the coring tube 115 is between 0.8 mm and 1.2 mm. For example, the inside diameter of the coring tube 115 can be 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, etc. In alternative embodiments, the inside diameter of the coring tube 115 can be less than 0.8 mm or greater than 1.2 mm. For example, the inside diameter of the coring tube 115 can be 0.5 mm.

[112] In an illustrative embodiment, the inside diameter of the graft collection channel 2605 is about 50% wider than the inside diameter of the coring tube 115. For example, the inside diameter of the graft collection channel 2605 can be 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, etc. wider than the inside diameter of the coring tube 115. In an alternative embodiment, the inside diameter of the graft collection channel 2605 can be 1%, 2%, 5%, 7%, 10%, etc. wider than the inside diameter of the coring tube 115. In other embodiments, the inside diameter of the graft collection channel 2605 is the same size as the inside diameter of the coring tube 115. In some embodiments, the inside diameter of the graft collection tube 135 is the same as the inside diameter of the graft collection channel 2605.

[113] Fig. 27 is a side view of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Fig. 28 is a cross-sectional view of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Fig. 29 is a cut-away view of a pneumatically operated graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In an illustrative embodiment, the pneumatic tube 2205 and the graft collection tube 135 are contained in a single connector 2705.

[114] In some instances, to harvest a graft that has a hair follicle, the clinician can position the coring tube 115 such that the lumen of the coring tube 115 is aligned with the hair follicle. That is, the length of the hair follicle can be substantially parallel or coaxial with the center axis of the coring tube 115. The clinician can press the coring tube 115 into the skin surrounding the hair follicle, thereby cutting the graft containing the hair follicle from the skin of the patient. Thus, in some instances, the clinician can be skilled enough to insert the coring tube 115 into the skin to cut around the hair follicle and not through the hair follicle. That is, if the coring tube 115 is not properly aligned with the length of the hair follicle, the hair follicle can be damaged. In some instances, multiple hair follicles are harvested consecutively. Thus, if the clinician becomes fatigued, the chance of damaging the hair follicle increases.

[115] Fig. 30A is a cross-sectional view of a graft extraction module with a linearly actuated coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative graft extraction module 3000 includes a coring tube 3010, a housing 3015, a linear actuator 3020, a cap connector 130, a graft collection tube 135, a power source 140, and a seal 220. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements may be used. Fig. 30B is a side view of a graft extraction module with a linearly actuated coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Fig. 30C is an isometric view of a graft extraction module with a linearly actuated coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In alternative embodiments, any suitable graft extraction module 3000 can be used. For example, the shape of the housing 3015 can be an ergonomic, convenient, and/or comfortable shape to hold.

[116] An illustrative graft extraction module 3000 can slide the coring tube

3010 in and out of the housing 3015. For example, a button or other controller can be used to activate the linear actuator 3020 such that the coring tube 3010 moves in and out of the housing 3015. Thus, coring of a graft can be simplified such that the clinician can be less skilled and can become less fatigued when using a graft extraction module 3000. For example, the front end of the coring tube 3010 can be placed against the surface of the skin of the patient (e.g., around a hair follicle). The coring tube 3010 can be inserted into the skin of the patient while the housing 3015 remains stationary with respect to the skin of the patient. The coring tube 3010 can be retracted from the skin of the patient without moving the housing 3015. Thus, once the coring tube 3010 and the housing 3015 are initially placed in a position to harvest a graft, the graft can be harvested without the clinician moving the housing 3015 towards and away from the skin of the patient. Accordingly, in some instance, using a graft extraction module 3000 (or similar) can simplify the procedure for harvesting a graft.

[117] In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 3010 extends from the housing 3015 when the button or other controller is pressed or otherwise actuated. In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 3010 extends from the housing 3015 when a first button or controller is actuated and retracts into the housing 3015 when a second button or controller is actuated. In some embodiments, the coring tube 3010 extends as long as the button is pressed.

[118] In an alternative embodiment, when the button is pressed, the coring tube 3010 extends from the housing 3015 by a length and automatically retracts into the housing 3015. In such an embodiment, the length that the coring tube 3010 extends from the housing 3015 is the same as the length of the graft that is harvested. That is, the coring tube 3010 extends into the skin far enough to free the graft from the skin. In some embodiments, the coring tube 3010 extends slightly farther than the length of the graft. In such embodiments, the coring tube 3010 extends far enough into the skin of the graft to ensure that coring tube 3010 cuts completely through the skin of the patient. In such embodiments, the coring tube 3010 can extend from the housing 3010 by up to 110% of the length of the graft. For example, the coring tube 3010 extends from the housing 3010 by 100%, 102%, 104%, 106%, 108%, 110%, etc. longer than the length of the graft. In alternative embodiments, the coring tube 3010 extends from the housing 3010 by greater than 110% of the length of the graft.

[119] In some embodiments, the linear actuator 3020 is configured to limit the length that the coring tube 3010 can extend from the housing 3010. For example, the linear actuator 3020 is configured to limit the coring tube 3010 by the length of the graft. In alternative embodiments, the linear actuator 3020 limits the coring tube 3010 from extending from the housing 3010 by up to 110% of the length of the graft. For example, the linear actuator 3020 limits the coring tube 3010 from extending from the housing 3010 by 100%, 102%, 104%, 106%, 108%, 110%, etc. longer than the length of the graft. In alternative embodiments, the linear actuator 3020 limits the coring tube 3010 from extending from the housing 3010 by greater than 110% of the length of the graft.

[120] In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 3010 has threads 3025. In an illustrative embodiment, the threads 3025 are a helical groove along the outside surface of the coring tube 3010. Although not illustrated in Fig. 30A, the threads 3025 can engage one or more threads, posts, tongues, etc. of the housing 3015. Thus, as the coring tube 3010 rotates in a first direction, the coring tube 3010 slides out of the housing 3015 toward the front end of the graft extraction module 3000. As the coring tube 3010 rotates in a second direction (opposite the first direction), the coring tube 3010 slides into the housing 3015 toward the back end of the graft extraction module 3000, thereby retracting into the housing 3015.

[121] In an illustrative embodiment, the linear actuator 3020 can be configured to cause the coring tube 3010 to move in and out of the housing 3015. For example, the linear actuator 3020 can be configured to rotate the coring tube 3010 in a first direction to slide the coring tube 3010 out of the housing 3015 and to rotate the coring tube 3010 in a second direction to slide the coring tube 3010 into the housing 3015. For example, the linear actuator 3020 can be windings, similar to the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 9. In such an example, the linear actuator 3020 can be a stepper motor. In an illustrative example, the linear actuator 3020 and the coring tube 3010 are a stepper motor with the coring tube 3010 as the rotor. In alternative embodiments, any suitable linear actuator 3020 can be used.

[122] The power source 140 can be any suitable power source configured to provide power to the linear actuator 3020. For example, the power source 140 can provide electrical power to controllably rotate the coring tube 3010. An illustrative seal 220 can provide a vacuum seal between the internal lumen of the coring tube 3010 and the cap connector 130. Thus, as vacuum is applied to the cap connector 130 via the graft collection tube 135, vacuum is applied to the front end of the graft collection tube 3010. The back end of the coring tube 3010 can be long enough such that as the coring tube 3010 slides out of the housing 3010, the seal 220 maintains a seal between the coring tube 3010 and the cap connector 130.

[123] In an alternative embodiment, the coring tube 3010 does not have threads 3025. In such an embodiment, the coring tube 3010 can have multiple rings along the length of the coring tube 3010 in place of the threads 3025. The linear actuator 3020 can have a gear with teeth that engage the rings of the coring tube 3010. For example, as the gear rotates, the teeth can "walk" along the rings. In such an example, the gear is stationary with respect to the housing 3015. Thus, as the gear rotates, the coring tube 3010 slides in or out of the housing 3015, depending upon the direction of rotation of the gear. In such an embodiment, the coring tube 3010 can rotate using any suitable method (e.g., the embodiments illustrated in Figs. 6A,7, 9, 21, 26, etc.) without causing the coring tube 3010 to move in or out of the housing 3015. That is, the location of the coring tube 3010 can be controlled independently from the rotation of the coring tube 3010.

[124] Fig. 31 is an isometric view of a rotary coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. As illustrated in Fig. 26, in an illustrative embodiment, the rotary coring tube3100 is attached to the turbine 2320 via a quick- disconnect connection, similar to the quick-disconnect connection illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8. The ridge 2610 is received by the groove 3105 to hold the rotary coring tube3100 within the turbine 2320. In an illustrative embodiment, the rotary coring tube3100 includes teeth 3110 that engage respective teeth within the turbine 2320, thereby rotationally coupling the rotary coring tube3100 to the turbine 2320.

[125] Fig. 32 is a cross-sectional view of a coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative coring tube 3200 can be used in, for example, the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2. The coring tube 3200 has a sharpened front end 3205. In an embodiment, the end opposite the front end 3205 is blunt. In alternative embodiments, any suitable coring tube can be used. In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 3200 can be 20 mm to 50 mm long. For example, the coring tube 3200 can be 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, 50 mm, etc. long. In alternative embodiments, the coring tube 3200 can be shorter than 20 mm or longer than 50 mm.

[126] The coring tube 3200 illustrated in Fig. 31is cylindrical with a circular cross-sectional shape. Similarly, the grafts harvested by the coring tube 3200 can be cylindrical in shape. In alternative embodiments, the grafts can have a square or rectangular shape. In such embodiments, the coring tube 3200 can have a corresponding square or rectangular shape.

[127] Fig. 33A is a cross-sectional view of the front end of a double-tapered coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative coring tube 3300 has a doubled-tapered front end 3305. The front end 3305 is tapered from the outer surface inward and from the inner surface outward. The angle of the taper can range between 0° and 45°. For example, the angle of the taper can be 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, etc. In alternative embodiments, the taper can have an angle greater than 45°.

[128] In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 3200 is made of, for example, stainless steel. In alternative embodiments, the coring tube3200 is made of aluminum, titanium, or other metals. In some embodiments, the coring tube 3200 includes an outer coating such as titanium nitride that is used to facilitate gripping of the coring tube 3200 by a collet. In some embodiments, the coring tube 3200 includes an inner coating that prevents the graft or other material from sticking to the inner wall of the coring tube 3200. In some embodiments, the inner coating can be a hydrophobic or hydrophilic coating that reduces friction between the graft surfacecoring tube 3200. [129] In an alternative embodiment, the coring tube 3200 is transparent (or translucent). For example, the coring tube 3200 can be made of transparent polycarbonate or glass. The transparency of the coring tube 3200 can allow a clinician to view the graft when the graft is in the coring tube 3200 and as the graft is suctioned through the coring tube 3200. In some embodiments, the coring tube 3200 includes graduated markings that are used to indicate the length of the graft, the depth of the coring tube 3200, etc.

[130] In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 3200 is made of a thin material. Using a thin material for the coring tube 3200 allows the puncture hole in the skin (in which the graft is harvested) to be close to the size of the graft. That is, the thicker that the coring tube 3200 is, the larger the puncture hole in the scalp is. A smaller puncture hole can facilitate healing of the puncture hole after the graft is removed and can reduce scarring.

[131] The relatively thin wall of the coring tube 3200, the sharpness of the tip of the coring tube 3200, and the geometry of the coring tube 3200 can be chosen to optimize (e.g., reduce) the entry force for coring out the graft. The coring tube 3200 can be thick enough that the coring tube 3200 does not easily collapse or bend. In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 3200 (e.g., made of stainless steel) is between 100 micrometers (μηι) and 200 μηι thick. For example, the coring tube 3200 can be 100 μηι, 110 μηι, 120 μηι, 130 μηι, 140 μηι, 150 μηι, 160 μηι, 170 μηι, 180 μηι, 190 μηι, 200 μηι, etc. thick. In alternative embodiments, the coring tube 3200 is thinner than 100 μηι or thicker than 200 μηι. For example, the coring tube 3200 can be 50 μηι thick. In some embodiments, such as those in which the coring tube 3200 is made of a material other than stainless steel, the hardness and strength of the material that the coring tube 3200 is made of can be used to determine the thickness of the coring tube 3200.

[132] Fig. 33B is a cross-sectional view of the front end of a single-tapered coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative coring tube 3300 has a single-tapered front end 3305. The front end 3305 is tapered from the outer surface inward. The single-tapered front end 3305 provides an inner diameter that is consistent from the tip of the front end 3305 to the inner diameter of the body portion of the coring tube 3300, which does not compress the collected graft as the graft is suctioned through the coring tube 3300. In an alternative embodiment, the front end 3305 is tapered from the inner surface outward.

[133] Fig. 34 is an illustration of coring tube that is tapered along its length in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative coring tube 3400 has a smaller inner diameter at a front end 3405 than the inner diameter of the body portion of the coring tube 3400. That is, the inner diameter tapers to a smaller diameter from a larger diameter along the length of the coring tube 3400. The tapered diameter of the coring tube 3400 provides a gradual expansion of the inner diameter to a larger diameter of, for example, the graft collection tube 135.

[134] Fig. 35 is an illustration of a stepped coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative coring tube 3500 has a front end 3505 that has a smaller width than a body portion 3510. Such a coring tube 3500 allows multiple sizes of a coring tube to be used with the same sized collet, such as collet 305. For example, differently sized grafts can be collected using the same collet 305. That is, a collet 305 can receive the coring tube 3500 and a coring tube such as coring tube 3200 if both coring tube 3500 and coring tube 3200 have the same (or similar) outside diameter at the body portion of the respective coring tube (e.g., at body portion 3510). In such an example, the inside diameter of the coring tube 3500 is smaller than the inside diameter of the coring tube 3200.

[135] Fig. 36 is an illustration of a serrated coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In an illustrative embodiment, a coring tube 3600 has a serrated front end 3605. The serrated front end 3605 has crests and troughs. Using a serrated front end 3605 can facilitate cutting of the skin of the patient. [136] Fig. 37 is a cross-sectional view of a coring tube with an embedded spiral in accordance with an illustrative embodimentAn illustrative coring tube 3700 has spirals 3710 along the inside surface of the coring tube 3700. The spirals 3710 facilitate drawing the graft into the coring tube 3700. For example, when the coring tube 3700 is rotating and is inserted into skin of a patient, the graft may remain partially attached to the skin. As the coring tube 3700 spins, the graft does not spin because the graft is still partially attached to the skin. Thus, the spinning of the spirals 3710 can pull the graft into the coring tube 3700. In some embodiments, the spirals 3710 extend along the entire length of the coring tube 3700. In alternative embodiments, the spirals 3710 extend along only a portion of the inner surface of the coring tube 3700. As illustrated by reference numeral 3715, the spirals 3710 are formed within the inside surface of the coring tube 3700 and are recessed.

[137] Fig. 38 is a cross-sectional view of a coring tube with a raised spiral in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative coring tube 3800 has spirals 3810 along the inside surface of the coring tube 3800. As illustrated by reference numeral 3815, the spirals 3810 are raised and are formed onto the inner surface of the coring tube 3800. In an alternative embodiment, the coring tube 3800 has raised spirals 3810 and recessed spirals 3710.

[138] The various components of the graft extraction module 100 can be made of any suitable materials. For example, the various components can be made of bio-compatible materials such as plastic, rubber, metal, glass, etc. For example, such substances include thermoplastics, polycarbonate, polyurethane, poly ethylene, poly phenyl sulphone, nylon, stainless steel, glass, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), ceramic, etc. Other such substances can be composite materials such as glass reinforced plastic, carbon composites, etc.

[139] Fig. 39A is a cross-sectional view of a graft extraction module with an adjustable coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. An illustrative graft extraction module 3900 includes a coring tube 115, bearings 310, a gear 315, bearings 325, a housing 135, a cap connector 130, a securing ring 215, a shaft 605, shaft teeth 610, a front cap 3905, a depth locker 3910, and a receiver 3915. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different elements.

[140] An illustrative graft extraction module 3900 allows the coring tube 115 to be quickly and easily replaced. When the depth locker 3910 is in a secured position, the coring tube 115, the front cap 3905, the depth locker 3910, the receiver 3915, and the gear 315 rotate together. When the depth locker 3910 is in an unsecured position, the coring tube 115 can slide in and out of the housing 125, as illustrated by arrow 3920. Also, when the depth locker 3910 is in the unsecured position, the coring tube 115 can rotate freely within the depth locker 3910. As the shaft 605 rotates, the shaft teeth 610 engage teeth of gear 315. The gear 315 is rotationally secured to the receiver 3915. Thus, as the shaft 605 rotates, the coring tube 115 rotates when the depth locker 3910 is in the secured position.

[141] In an illustrative embodiment, the front end of the receiver 3915 has a space that houses a portion of the depth locker 3910. Another portion of the depth locker 3910 can protrude from the receiver 3915. The front cap 3905 can be screwed or otherwise secured to the front end of the receiver 3915 thereby retaining the depth locker 3910 within the retainer 3915.

[142] Figs. 39B and 39C are diagrams illustrating adjustment of a coring tube in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Fig. 39B illustrates the depth locker 3910 in the unsecured position. Fig. 39C illustrates the depth locker 3910 in the secured position. In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 115 can have hash marks 3935 that are configured to facilitate grip between the depth locker 3910 and the coring tube 115. In some embodiments, the hash marks 3935 are circular ridges around the outside surface of the coring tube 115. In such embodiments, the depth locker 3910 can securely engage the coring tube 115 at any one of the multiple ridges. In alternative embodiments, the hash marks 3935 can include checkered crosshatches. In some embodiments, the hash marks 3935 are a roughened surface of the coring tube 115. [143] In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 115 has graduated markings 620. As illustrated in Figs. 39A-39C, in an illustrative embodiment, the front end of the coring tube 115 has a bevel 3950. The cutting edge of the front end of the coring tube 115 has an angle that is less than 90° to the length of the coring tube 115. In alternative embodiments, any suitable coring tube 115 can be used.

[144] In an illustrative embodiment, the depth locker 3910 has a front hole 3940 and a rear hole 3945 through which the coring tube 115 slides. In an illustrative embodiment, the rear end of the coring tube 115 is slid into the housing 125, the front hole 3940, and the rear hole 3945. In an illustrative embodiment, the rear hole 3945 is elongated and the front hole 3940 is circular. In alternative embodiments, the front hole 3940 and the rear hole 3940 can have any suitable shape (e.g., triangular, square, rectangular, octagonal, etc.). The depth locker 3910 can be made of a stiff spring material such that the depth locker 3910 can be flexed. In such embodiments, the depth locker 3910 retains its shape when released. For example, the depth locker 3910 can be made of stainless steel. In alternative embodiments, the depth locker 3910 can be made of any suitable material. In an illustrative embodiment, the depth locker 3910 is between 0.2 mm and 1 mm thick. For example, the depth locker 3910 can be 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm, 1 mm, etc., thick. In alternative embodiments, the depth locker can be thinner than 0.2 mm or thicker than 1 mm. In alternative embodiments, any suitable depth locker 3910 can be used.

[145] In an illustrative embodiment, when the top end of the depth locker 3910 is pressed in, as illustrated by arrow 3925 in Fig. 39B, the rear hole 3945 is positioned such that the depth locker 3910 does not grip the coring tube 115.

When the top end of the depth locker 3910 is pressed in, the coring tube 115 can slide in and out of the housing 125, through the front hole 3920, and through the rear hole 3925, as illustrated by arrow 3920. When the top end of the depth locker 3910 is released, as illustrated by arrow 3930 in Fig. 39C, the rear hole

3945 is positioned such that the depth locker 3910 grips the coring tube

115,such that the coring tube 115 does not slide in and out of the housing 125, through the front hole 3920, and through the rear hole 3925, and such that the coring tube 115 is rotationally secured to the depth locker 3910. For example, an edge of the rear hole 3945 is pressed against the hash marks 3935. Thus, in an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube 115 can be adjustably positioned such that the front end of the coring tube 115 is any suitable distance from the front end of the housing 135.

[146] Fig. 40 is a flow chart of a method of using a graft extraction module in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different operations may be performed. Also, the use of arrows and a flow chart are not meant to be limiting with respect to the order or flow of operations.

[147] In an operation 4005, a coring tube is attached to a graft extraction module. In embodiments in which a collet is used, the coring tube is inserted into the front end of a rotor head of the graft extraction unit. The amount of the coring tube protruding from the graft extraction unit can be adjusted as desired by sliding the coring tube. An adjusting nut is tightened around the collet, which grips the coring tube in place. In embodiments in which a quick-disconnect type coring tube is used, operation 4005 can include inserting the coring tube into the front end of the graft extraction unit such that the coring tube snaps into place. In alternative embodiments, any suitable method of attaching the coring tube to the graft extraction module can be used.

[148] In an operation 4010, suction is applied to the graft extraction module. For example, a vacuum hose can be attached to the graft extraction module and a vacuum pump can provide vacuum pressure through the vacuum hose. Applying suction can include applying suction to a front end of a coring tube of the graft extraction module.

[149] In an operation 4015, the coring tube is rotated. Rotating the coring tube can be performed in any suitable manner. For example, electrical power can be applied to a motor, a cable can be spun (e.g., by a motor), pneumatic power can be passed through a turbine, etc. In some embodiments, rotating the coring tube includes modulating or adjusting the speed at which the coring tube rotates. For example, the frequency or current of electrical power can be modulated, the amount of airflow passing through a turbine can be modulated, etc.

[150] In an operation 4020, a depth adjuster of the graft extraction module is adjusted. In embodiments in which the graft extraction module includes a sleeve 1105, operation 4020 includes selecting the size of the sleeve 1105. In embodiments in which a depth adjustor 1205 is used, operation 4020 includes sliding the front face 1215 along the length of the coring tube. In some embodiments, operation 4020 is not performed.

[151] In an operation 4025, the coring tube of the graft extraction module is inserted into skin of the patient. In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube is inserted around one or more hair follicles in the skin. In an illustrative embodiment, inserting the coring tube includes inserting the graft extraction module until the graft extraction module (e.g., the sleeve 1105 or the depth adjustor 1205) touches a surface of the skin. In embodiments in which the graft extraction module includes a linear actuator, operation 4025 can include extending the coring tube out of the graft extraction module and into the skin of the patient.

[152] In an operation 4030, a graft is suctioned through the graft extraction module. As the coring tube rotates and is inserted into the skin of the patient, the graft is cut away from the skin of the patient. Once free, suction applied to the graft extraction module can pull the graft through the graft extraction module. In an illustrative embodiment, the graft is transported to a graft storage module that is connected to the graft extraction module by a graft collection tube.

[153] In an operation 4035, the coring tube is removed from the skin of the patient. For example, the coring tube (and the graft extraction module) can be pulled away from the skin. In embodiments in which the graft extraction module includes a linear actuator, operation 4035 can include retracting the coring tube out of the skin and into the graft extraction module, for example, while the graft extraction module is stationary.

[154] Fig. 41 is a flow chart of a method of using a graft extraction module with a linear actuator in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In alternative embodiments, additional, fewer, and/or different operations may be performed. Also, the use of arrows and a flow chart are not meant to be limiting with respect to the order or flow of operations.

[155] In an operation 4105, a coring tube is attached to a graft extraction module. In embodiments in which a collet is used, the coring tube is inserted into the front end of a rotor head of the graft extraction unit. The amount of the coring tube protruding from the graft extraction unit can be adjusted as desired by sliding the coring tube. An adjusting nut is tightened around the collet, which grips the coring tube in place. In embodiments in which a quick-disconnect type coring tube is used, operation 4105 can include inserting the coring tube into the front end of the graft extraction unit such that the coring tube snaps into place. In alternative embodiments, any suitable method of attaching the coring tube to the graft extraction module can be used.

[156] In an operation 4110, suction is applied to the graft extraction module. For example, a vacuum hose can be attached to the graft extraction module and a vacuum pump can provide vacuum pressure through the vacuum hose. Applying suction can include applying suction to a front end of a coring tube of the graft extraction module.

[157] In an operation 4115, the coring tube is actuated. For example, the collection tube can be aligned with a hair follicle that is in skin of the patient. The collection tube can be placed against the skin of the patient. In an illustrative embodiment, actuating the collection tube includes causing the coring tube to extend from the body of the graft extraction module and into the skin of the patient while the housing is held steady with respect to the skin of the patient. In some embodiments, the coring tube is rotated as the coring tube is inserted into the skin of the patient.

[158] In an operation 4120, the graft is suctioned through the graft extraction module. As the coring tube is inserted into the skin of the patient, the graft is cut away from the skin of the patient. Once free, suction applied to the graft extraction module can pull the graft through the graft extraction module. In an illustrative embodiment, the graft is transported to a graft storage module that is connected to the graft extraction module by a graft collection tube.

[159] In an operation 4125, the coring tube is removed from the skin of the patient. For example, the coring tube can be retracted back into the housing of the graft extraction module. In an illustrative embodiment, the coring tube is removed from the skin of the patient while the housing of the graft extraction module is held in place with respect to the skin of the patient. In some embodiments, operations 4115, 4120, and 4125 are performed while the housing is held in the same place with respect to the skin of the patient. In some embodiments, operations 4115, 4120, and 4125 are performed in response to pressing a button, or otherwise actuating an actuator.

EXAMPLE #1

[160] In an illustrative example, a graft extraction module includes a rotor head attached to a drive motor. Electrical power is applied to the drive motor that spins a shaft of the rotor head. The shaft, in turn, rotates a coring tube that protrudes from the front end of the rotor head. The back end of the rotor head has a cap connector that is connected to a vacuum source. Suction from the vacuum source causes suction at the front end of the coring tube. The vacuum pressure at the cap connection is 500 mm Hg.

[161] The coring tube rotates at 1500 rpm. As the coring tube rotates, the front end of the coring tube is inserted into skin of the patient. The front end of the coring tube is sharpened and includes a taper from the outside surface of the coring tube inward. The coring tube has a consistent inside diameter along the length of the coring tube.

[162] The coring tube is inserted into the skin of the patient until a depth adjuster of the graft extraction module touches the skin of the patient. The length that the coring tube extends beyond the depth adjuster is adjustable by sliding the depth adjuster closer or farther away from the rotor head. As the coring tube is inserted into the skin of the patient, a graft is cored out of the skin. Suction from the vacuum source causes the graft to travel through the coring tube and through the cap connector.

[163] The coring tube is made of stainless steel and is 100 μηι thick. The coring tube has an internal diameter of 0.9mm. A stainless steel collet and adjusting nut is used to hold the coring tube in place. Stainless steel shafts, gears, and ball bearings are used. The cap connector is made of nylon. Seals are made of polyurethane. The various other components of the graft implantation module are made of polycarbonate or similar thermoplastics.

EXAMPLE #2

[164] In an illustrative example, a graft extraction module includes a permanent magnet attached to a coring tube. In the housing of the graft extraction module and surrounding the permanent magnet are copper windings. Electrical power is applied to the copper windings that causes the permanent magnet and the coring tube to spin. The coring tube protrudes from the front end of the graft extraction module. The back end of the rotor head has a cap connector that is connected to a vacuum source. Suction from the vacuum source causes suction at the front end of the coring tube. The vacuum pressure at the cap connection is 500 mm Hg.

[165] The coring tube rotates at 1500 rpm. As the coring tube rotates, the front end of the coring tube is inserted into skin of the patient. The front end of the coring tube is sharpened and includes a taper from the outside surface of the coring tube inward. The coring tube has a consistent inside diameter along the length of the coring tube.

[166] The coring tube is inserted into the skin of the patient until a depth adjuster of the graft extraction module touches the skin of the patient. The length that the coring tube extends beyond the depth adjuster is adjustable by sliding the depth adjuster closer or farther away from the graft extraction module. As the coring tube is inserted into the skin of the patient, a graft is cored out of the skin. Suction from the vacuum source causes the graft to travel through the coring tube and through the cap connector.

[167] The coring tube is made of stainless steel and is 100 μηι thick. The coring tube has an internal diameter of 0.9mm. Stainless steel ball bearings are used. The cap connector is made of nylon. Seals are made of polyurethane. The various other components of the graft implantation module are made of polycarbonate or similar thermoplastics.

EXAMPLE #3

[168] In an illustrative example, a graft extraction module has a coring tube protruding from the front end. From the back end, the graft connection module has a cap connector that is connected to a vacuum source and a cable. The cable rotates within a sheath. The cable is rotationally connected to the coring tube such that when the cable rotates, the coring tube rotates. Suction from the vacuum source causes suction at the front end of the coring tube. The vacuum pressure at the cap connection is 500 mm Hg.

[169] The coring tube rotates at 1500 rpm. As the coring tube rotates, the front end of the coring tube is inserted into skin of the patient. The front end of the coring tube is sharpened and includes a taper from the outside surface of the coring tube inward. The coring tube has a consistent inside diameter along the length of the coring tube. The coring tube can be snapped into the front end of the graft extraction module by pressing in the coring tube. Similarly, the coring tube can be snapped out of the front end of the graft extraction module by pulling on the coring tube.

[170] The coring tube is inserted into the skin of the patient until a depth adjuster of the graft extraction module touches the skin of the patient. The length that the coring tube extends beyond the depth adjuster is adjustable by sliding the depth adjuster closer or farther away from the rotor head. As the coring tube is inserted into the skin of the patient, a graft is cored out of the skin. Suction from the vacuum source causes the graft to travel through the coring tube and through the cap connector.

[171] The coring tube is made of stainless steel and is 100 μηι thick. The coring tube has an internal diameter of 0.9 mm. Stainless steel shafts, gears, coring tube receiver, and ball bearings are used. The cap connector is made of nylon. Seals are made of polyurethane. The various other components of the graft implantation module are made of polycarbonate or similar thermoplastics.

EXAMPLE #4

[172] In an illustrative example, a graft extraction module has a coring tube protruding from the front end. From the back end, the graft extraction module has a cap connector that is connected to a vacuum source and a connection for a pneumatic power source. The pneumatic power source provides positive pressure to the graft extraction module. Airflow from the pneumatic power source travels through a channel in the graft extraction module, through veins of a turbine, and out an exhaust port on the graft extraction module. The exhaust port includes a button. When pressed, the button prevents air from flowing through the veins of the turbine and, thus, prevents the turbine from rotating. When released, the button allows air to flow through the veins of the turbine and, thus, allows the turbine to spin. The amount that the button is pressed modulates the speed at which the turbine spins. Suction from the vacuum source causes suction at the front end of the coring tube. The vacuum pressure at the cap connection is 500 mm Hg. [173] The coring tube is inserted into the turbine and is rotationally coupled to the turbine. The coring tube rotates at 1500 rpm. As the turbine and the coring tube rotate, the front end of the coring tube is inserted into skin of the patient. The front end of the coring tube is sharpened and includes a taper from the outside surface of the coring tube inward. The coring tube has a consistent inside diameter along the length of the coring tube. The coring tube can be snapped into the front end of the graft extraction module by pressing in the coring tube. Similarly, the coring tube can be snapped out of the front end of the graft extraction module by pulling on the coring tube.

[174] The coring tube is inserted into the skin of the patient until a depth adjuster of the graft extraction module touches the skin of the patient. The length that the coring tube extends beyond the depth adjuster is adjustable by sliding the depth adjuster closer or farther away from the rotor head. As the coring tube is inserted into the skin of the patient, a graft is cored out of the skin. Suction from the vacuum source causes the graft to travel through the coring tube and through the cap connector.

[175] The coring tube is made of stainless steel and is 100 μηι thick. The coring tube has an internal diameter of 0.9 mm. Stainless steel springs and ball bearings are used. The cap connector is made of nylon. Seals are made of polyurethane. The various other components of the graft implantation module are made of polycarbonate or similar thermoplastics.

EXAMPLE #5

[176] In an illustrative example, a graft extraction module has a coring tube protruding from the front end. From the back end, the graft extraction module has a cap connector that is connected to a vacuum source. The vacuum pressure at the cap connection is 500 mm Hg. The front end of the coring tube is sharpened and configured to cut skin. The graft extraction module has a linear actuator that moves the coring tube in and out of the graft extraction module. [177] The coring tube is placed on skin of the patient. The linear actuator is actuated and the coring tube extends from the graft extraction module and into the skin of the patient. The coring tube extends until the end of the coring tube is through the skin of the patient and frees the graft from the skin. The linear actuator is actuated by pressing a button. The linear actuator rotates the coring tube. A tongue of the graft extraction module rides within a helical groove of the coring tube as the coring tube is rotated. The sharpened end of the coring tube cuts around the graft and frees the graft from the skin. Once the graft is free from the skin, the graft is suctioned through the coring tube and through the cap connector. The coring tube is retracted from the skin of the patient and into the graft extraction module.

[178] The coring tube is made of stainless steel and is 100 μηι thick. The coring tube has an internal diameter of 0.9 mm. The cap connector is made of nylon. Seals are made of polyurethane. The various other components of the graft implantation module are made of polycarbonate or similar thermoplastics.

[179] The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely exemplary, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected," or "operably coupled," to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable," to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components.

[180] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.

[181] It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be interpreted as

"includes but is not limited to," etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and/or "an" should typically be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations," without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B." Further, unless otherwise noted, the use of the words "approximate," "about," "around," "substantially," etc., mean plus or minus ten percent.

[182] The foregoing description of illustrative embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration and of description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting with respect to the precise form disclosed, and modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the disclosed embodiments. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.