BOND ALEX (GB)
SIMPSON JOHN (GB)
WO2006136774A1 | 2006-12-28 | |||
WO2018185486A1 | 2018-10-11 |
US20020098159A1 | 2002-07-25 | |||
US4613446A | 1986-09-23 |
CLAIMS 1. A substrate (optionally a sponge) comprising a blocking composition, wherein said blocking composition comprises: one or more metals; one or more blocking composition surfactants; and one or more pH buffers; wherein 0.15 ml of said composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block: at least around 1.372 x 10-8 moles of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; and at least around 3.106 x 10-8 moles of C9-C11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate. 2. The substrate according to claim 1, wherein 0.15 ml of said composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block: at least around 2.854x10-7, optionally at least around 5.57x10-7, optionally at least around 8.287x10-7, optionally at least around 1.1x10-6, optionally around 1.3x10-6, such as around 1.372x10-6 moles of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; and at least around 6.46x10-7, optionally at least around 1.261x10-6, optionally at least around 1.876x10-6, optionally at least around 2.491x10-6, optionally around 3.1x10-6 such as around 3.106x10-6 moles of C9-C11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate. 3. The substrate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 0.15 ml of said composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block: at most around 1.372 x 10-4, optionally at most around 1.1x10-4, optionally at most around 8.287x10-5, optionally at most around 5.57x10-5, optionally at most around 2.854x10- 5, around 1.3x10-6, such as around 1.372x10-6 moles of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; and at most around 3.106 x 10-4, optionally at most around 2.491x10-4, optionally at most around 1.876x10-4, optionally at most around 1.261x10-4, optionally at most around 6.46x10- 5, optionally around 3.1x10-6 such as around 3.106x10-6 moles of C9-C11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate. 4. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein 0.15 ml of said composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block: around 1.372x10-8 to 1.372x10-4, optionally around 2.854x10-7 to 1.1x10-4, optionally around 5.57x10-7 to 8.287x10-5, optionally around 8.287x10-7 to 5.57x10-5, optionally around 1.1x10-6 to 2.854x10-5 moles of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; and around 3.106x10-8 to 3.106x10-4, optionally around 6.46x10-7 to 2.491x10-4, optionally around 1.261x10-6 to 1.876x10-4, optionally around 1.876x10-6 to 1.261x10-4, optionally around 2.491x10-6 to 6.46x10-5 moles of C9-C11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate. 5. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein 0.15 ml of said composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block: around 8.287x10-7 to 5.57x10-5 moles of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; and around 1.876x10-6 to 1.261x10-4 moles of C9-C11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate. 6. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein 0.15 ml of said composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block said amount of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and C9-C11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, and at least: (a) around 1.937x 10-8 moles of citrate, optionally at least around 4.029x10-7, optionally at least around 7.864x10-7, optionally at least around 1.17x10-6, optionally at least around 1.553x10-6, optionally around 1.9x10-6 such as around 1.937x10-6; and/or (b) around 2.959 x 10-8 , optionally at least around 6.155x10-7, optionally at least around 1.201x10-6, optionally at least around 1.787x10-6, optionally at least around 2.373x10-6, optionally around 3x10-6 such as around 2.959x10-6 moles of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 7. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein 0.15 ml of said composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block said amount of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and C9-C11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, and at most: (a) around 1.937x10-4 moles of citrate, optionally at most around 1.553x10-4, optionally at most around 1.17x10-4, optionally at most around 7.864x10-5, optionally at most around 4.029x10-5, optionally around 1.9x10-6 such as around 1.937x10-6; and/or (b) around 2.959x10-4 moles of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), optionally at most around 2.373x10-4, optionally at most around 1.787x10-4, optionally at most around 1.201x10-4, optionally at most around 6.155x10-5, optionally around 3x10-6 such as around 2.959x10-6. 8. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more metals comprise one or more metal ions selected from the group consisting of Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Cu3+, Zn3+, Bi3+, In3+, Mn2+, Mn3+, Ni2+, Ti3+, Cr3+, Al3+, Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ra2+, Sc3+, Y3+, La3+, V2+, Cr2+, Fe2+, Co2+, V3+, Ir4+, Hf4+, VO2+, Ag+, Tl+, Pd2+, Cd2+, Sn2+, Ga3+, Tl3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Pm3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, Yb3+, Lu3+, Am3+, Cm3+, Bk3+, Cf3+, Th4+, U4+ and Np 4+ (optionally Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Cu3+, Bi3+, In3+, Mn2+, Mn3+, Ni2+, Ti3+, Cr3+, Al3+, Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ra2+, Sc3+, Y3+, La3+, V2+, Cr2+, Fe2+, Co2+, V3+, Ir4+, Hf4+, VO2+, Ag+, Tl+, Pd2+, Cd2+, Sn2+, Ga3+, Tl3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Pm3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, Yb3+, Lu3+, Am3+, Cm3+, Bk3+, Cf3+, Th4+, U4+ and Np 4+), optionally from the group consisting of Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Cu3+, Zn3+, Bi3+, Mn2+ and Mn3+ (optionally Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Cu3+, Bi3+, Mn2+ and Mn3+), optionally from the group consisting of Zn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. 9. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more metals comprise zinc and/or calcium, optionally Zn2+ and/or Ca2+, optionally ZnCl₂ and/or CaCl₂. 10. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein said blocking composition comprises around 0.0001 to 4 M of said one or more metals, optionally around 0.001 to 2 M; optionally 0.01 to 0.1 M, optionally around 0.05 to 0.25 M, optionally around 0.1 to 0.15 M. 11. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more metals comprise ZnCl2 and CaCl2, optionally wherein said blocking composition comprises: around 0.00005 to 2 M of ZnCl2, optionally around 0.001 to 1 M; optionally 0.005 to 0.05 M, optionally around 0.025 to 0.125 M, optionally around 0.05 to 0.1 M, optionally around 0.06 to 0.09 M, and around 0.00005 to 2 M of CaCl2, optionally around 0.001 to 1 M; optionally 0.005 to 0.05 M, optionally around 0.025 to 0.125 M, optionally around 0.03 to 0.07 M, optionally around 0.04 to 0.06 M. 12. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein said blocking composition comprises: around 0.06 to 0.09 M of ZnCl2, and around 0.04 to 0.06 M of CaCl2. 13. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more pH buffers are selected from the group consisting of: glycine-hydrochloric acid, sodium acetate, piperazine- N,N′-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid), citrate, phosphate, phosphate-citrate, 2-(N- morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid, 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid and bis-tris methane. 14. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more pH buffers provide a pH working range of about 2.6 to 8, optionally 3.5 – 7, optionally around 5.6 – 7. 15. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more pH buffers provide a buffer capacity β of about -0.7 to 0.7 mol, optionally about -0.4 to 0.7 mol, optionally about -0.1 to 0.7 mol, optionally about 0.075 to 0.7 mol, optionally about 0.04 to 0.7 mol; and/or optionally about -0.7 to 0.4 mol, optionally about -0.7 to 0.1 mol, optionally about -0.7 to 0.04 mol, optionally about -0.7 to 0.01 mol; and/or optionally about -0.06 to 0.04, optionally about -0.05 to 0.02, optionally about -0.04 to 0.015 mol. 16. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein said blocking composition comprises around 10 mmol/L to 1 mol/L of said one or more pH buffers, optionally around 10 mmol/L to 750 mmol/L, optionally around 50 mmol/L to 500 mmol/L, optionally around 100 mmol/L to 300 mmol/L, optionally around 100 to 200 mmol/L, optionally around 130 to 170 mmol/L. 17. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein said blocking composition surfactant comprises a polysorbate (optionally a polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80 or optionally a Tween TM); optionally at a level of around 1 mM to 200 mM; an aliphatic phenol ethoxylate (such as Triton X-100TM; optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group; optionally wherein the aliphatic phenol ethoxylate is octyl phenol ethoxylate); optionally at a level of around 0.1 mM to 200 mM; a cyclodextrin (optionally β-cyclodextrin or γ-cyclodextrin); of a range between 1mM to 200mM; an aliphatic sulfate (optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group, optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a straight chain length of 8 to 16 carbon atoms; optionally wherein the aliphatic sulfate is sodium dodecyl sulfate); optionally at a level of around 0.005 mM to 200 mM; a lecithin; optionally at a level of around 1 mM to 250 mM; a pyruvate (optionally an alkyl pyruvate, sodium pyruvate or pyruvic acid, optionally wherein the alkyl pyruvate is methyl pyruvate) optionally at a level of around 1 mM to 10000 mM; a branched-chain or single-chain aliphatic carbonate (optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group, optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a chain length of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, optionally 8 to 18 carbon atoms); a branched-chain or single-chain aliphatic benzene sulphonate (optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group, optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a chain length of 8 to 16 carbon atoms, optionally 10 to 14 carbon atoms); a branched-chain or single-chain polyetheramine; or a cocamide diethanolamine (DEA) (optionally comprising a carbon chain having a chain length of 8 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally 8 to 12 carbon atoms). 18. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein said blocking composition surfactant comprises a polysorbate (optionally a polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80 or optionally a Tween TM); optionally at a level of around 1 mM to 200 mM; an aliphatic phenol ethoxylate (such as Triton X-100TM; optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group; optionally wherein the aliphatic phenol ethoxylate is octyl phenol ethoxylate); optionally at a level of around 0.1 mM to 200 mM; a cyclodextrin (optionally β-cyclodextrin or γ-cyclodextrin); of a range between 1mM to 200mM; an aliphatic sulfate (optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group, optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a straight chain length of 8 to 16 carbon atoms; optionally wherein the aliphatic sulfate is sodium dodecyl sulfate); optionally at a level of around 0.005 mM to 200 mM; a lecithin; optionally at a level of around 1 mM to 250 mM; or a pyruvate (optionally an alkyl pyruvate, sodium pyruvate or pyruvic acid, optionally wherein the alkyl pyruvate is methyl pyruvate) optionally at a level of around 1 mM to 10000 mM. 19. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein said blocking composition surfactant comprises an aliphatic sulfate (optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group, optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a chain length of 8 to 16 carbon atoms (optionally straight chain); optionally wherein the aliphatic sulfate is sodium dodecyl sulfate). 20. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein said blocking composition surfactant as defined in claim 18 or 19 (optionally wherein said blocking composition surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate) present from an amount of about 1 x 10-5 mol/L to about 3.5 x 10-3 mol/L, optionally about 1 x 10-4 mol/L to about 3.5 x 10-3 mol/L, optionally about 2.059x10-4 to 2.926x10-3, optionally about 3.119x10-4 to 2.352x10-3, optionally about 4.178x10-4 to 1.778x10-3, optionally about 5.238x10-4 to 1.204x10-3. 21. The substrate according to any preceding claim, wherein said blocking composition surfactant as defined in claim 18 or 19 (optionally wherein said blocking composition surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate) present from an amount of about 4.178x10-4 to 1.778x10-3. 22. A composition comprising the blocking composition as defined in any preceding claim. 23. The composition according to claim 22, comprising: around 0.001 to 3 mol / L of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of: Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Cu3+, Bi3+, Mn2+, Mn3+, Ag+, Fe2+, Cr2+, Cr3+, Ce4+, Co2+, Bi3+, Ti3+, Al3+, Li+, K+, Na+ and Be2+; optionally wherein said one or more metals are selected from the group consisting of: Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Cu3+, Bi3+, Mn2+, Mn3+, Cr2+, Cr3+, Li+, K+, Na+, Be2+ and Fe2+; optionally wherein said one or more metals are selected from the group consisting of: Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Cr3+, Mn2+ and Bi3+. 24. The composition according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the one or more metals are present as salts selected from the group consisting of: metal halides, metal acetates, metal carbonates and metal sulfates. 25. The composition according to any one of claims 22 to 24, comprising around 10 to 750 mmol / L of buffer selected from the group consisting of: acetate, glycine, ethanesulfonic acid, bis-tris methane and phosphate. 26. The composition according to any one of claims 22 to 25, comprising: (a) around 0.01 to 10 mmol / L of an aliphatic sulfate; or (b) around 1 to 100 mmol / L of an aliphatic phenol ethoxylate; or (c) around 10 to 200 mmol / L of a polysorbate. 27. The composition according to any one of claims 22 to 26, comprising around 0.001 to 2 mol / L of the one or more metals, optionally around 0.001 to 1.5 mol / L, optionally around 0.001 to 1 mol / L. 28. The composition according to claim 22, comprising: around 0.001 to 3 mol / L of one or more metals (optionally two metals) selected from the group consisting of: Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Cr3+, Mn2+ and Bi3+; around 10 to 750 mmol / L buffer (optionally according to claim 25, optionally acetate buffer); around 0.01 to 10 mmol / L surfactant (optionally an aliphatic sulfate, optionally sodium dodecyl sulfate). 29. The composition according to claim 28, wherein the buffer is according to claim 25 (optionally acetate buffer). 30. The composition according to claim 28 or 29 (optionally according to claim 29), wherein the surfactant is an aliphatic sulfate (optionally sodium dodecyl sulfate). 31. The composition according to any one of claims 22 to 30, wherein the one or more metals are Zn2+ and Ca2+. 32. The composition according to any one of claims 28 to 31 (optionally according to any one of claims 29 to 31, optionally according to claim 30 or 31, optionally according to claim 31), comprising: around 0.001 to 1.5 mol / L of Zn2+; around 0.001 to 1.5 mol / L of Ca2+. 33. The composition according to any one of claims 22 to 32 (optionally according to any one of claims 29 to 32), comprising around 10 to 750 mmol / L of acetate buffer. 34. The composition according to any one of claims 22 to 33 (optionally according to any one of claims claim 29 to 33), comprising around 0.01 to 10 mmol / L of an aliphatic sulfate. 35. The composition according to claim 31, comprising: around 0.001 to 1 mol / L of Zn2+; around 0.001 to 1 mol / L of Ca2+; around 12.5 to 400 mmol / L of acetate buffer; around 0.05 to 3.5 mmol / L sodium dodecyl sulfate. 36. The composition according to claim 35, comprising: around 15 to 250 mmol / L of Zn2+; around 10 to 200 mmol / L of Ca2+; around 12.5 to 400 mmol / L of acetate buffer; around 0.05 to 3.5 mmol / L sodium dodecyl sulfate. 37. The composition according to any one of claims 22 to 36, comprising ZnCl2 and CaCl2. 38. The composition according to claim 22, comprising: around 0.001 to 1.5 mol / L of ZnCl2; around 0.001 to 1.5 mol / L of CaCl2; around 10 to 750 mmol / L of acetate buffer; around 0.01 to 10 mmol / L sodium dodecyl sulfate. 39. The composition according to claim 38, comprising: around 0.001 to 1 mol / L of ZnCl2; around 0.001 to 1 mol / L of CaCl2. 40. The composition according to claim 38 or 39, comprising around 12.5 to 400 mmol / L of acetate buffer. 41. The composition according to any one of claims 38 to 40, comprising around 0.05 to 3.5 mmol / L sodium dodecyl sulfate. 42. The composition according to claim 38 or 39, comprising: around 12.5 to 400 mmol / L of acetate buffer; around 0.05 to 3.5 mmol / L sodium dodecyl sulfate. 43. The composition according to claim 38, comprising: around 0.001 to 1 mol / L of ZnCl2; around 0.001 to 1 mol / L of CaCl2; around 12.5 to 400 mmol / L of acetate buffer; around 0.05 to 3.5 mmol / L sodium dodecyl sulfate. 44. The composition according to claim 38, comprising: around 15 to 250 mmol / L of ZnCl2; around 10 to 200 mmol / L of CaCl2; around 12.5 to 400 mmol / L of acetate buffer; around 0.05 to 3.5 mmol / L sodium dodecyl sulfate. 45. A swab comprising a rod having a substrate according to claims 1-21 at an end thereof (optionally wherein the substrate comprises 0.15 ml of said composition), optionally further comprising a reservoir of a colour changing composition, optionally wherein said reservoir is rupturable to enable release of said colour changing composition. 46. Use of a substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 21, a blocking composition according to any one of claims 22 to 44, or a swab according to claim 45 to block a cleaning composition. 47. A substrate, composition, kit, swab, use or method substantially as described herein, with reference to the accompanying description above and figures. |
*described in the general exemplary section above, here having a molar ratio Fe : CAS : A series of vials was prepared with the compositions above, with citric acid at various dilution levels as indicated in the tables below. In the tables below, the layout of cells (upper left to lower right) matches the layout of vials in Fig.14: Fig.14 – vial layout: Vials labelled with bold underlined text above had a blue colour (i.e. were not substantially affected) while the remaining vials were green. Below 0.1x dilution citric acid had no effect on the colour of the colour changing composition. Above 0.5x equivalents caused a colour change. This implies that the high level of ZnCl 2 mitigates/blocks this effect. Example 10 – metal effect on stability and sensitivity Copper chloride amongst others has been reported in the literature to have a higher binding efficacy to EDTA than zinc chloride. Consequently, it was incorporated into the blocking composition and investigated for chelator inhibition at lower concentrations. For this example, the following solution composition was used: *described in the general exemplary section above, here having a molar ratio Fe : CAS : dodecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride of 1:2-3:0.5 - 3 (based on 2.50 * 10^-5 mol/L Fe in 200 μl). A series of vials was prepared with the composition above, with citric acid at 0.5x or 0.05x dilution levels as indicated in the tables below. In the tables below, the layout of cells (upper left to lower right) matches the layout of vials in Fig.15. Fig.15 – vial layout: Vials labelled with bold underlined text above had a blue colour (i.e. were not substantially affected) while the remaining vials were green (albeit 0.05x citrate dilution for the 0.001x and 0x vials had a blue tinge). The addition of CuCl 2 caused the colour changing composition to become a much darker blue than the control (not shown) but prevent the interference of citrate with the dye complex, until there was less than 0.01 mol of CuCl 2 compared to Fe. Example 11 – metal effect on stability and sensitivity For this example, the following solution composition was used: *described in the general exemplary section above, here having a molar ratio Fe : CAS : HDTMA of 1:2 - 3:0.5 - 3 (based on 2.50 * 10^-5 mol/L Fe in 400 μl). A series of vials was prepared with the composition above, with D10 or Dfx at various dilution levels as indicated in the tables below. Each dilution was conducted in pairs (i.e. each cell below represents a pair of vials), with a left hand (0 equivalents CaCl 2 ) and a right hand (50 equivalents CaCl 2 ) vial in each pair. Fig.16 – vial layout: All upper vials were teal coloured. The 0.4x Dfx vials were yellow, while the remainder were green-blue (with the deepest blues in the 0.1x and 0x control vials). The level of CaCl 2 had limited effect on the presence of D10, except where D10 was at high levels (0.1x standard cleaning solution) where it prevented the solution turning yellow. The CaCl 2 also had limited effect on the potential for the siderophore DFX to bind to the Fe centre of the colour changing composition. The experiment was repeated, with 100 (left hand vial in each pair) or 150 (right hand vial in each pair) equivalents of CaCl 2 . The results are shown in Fig.17(A), which matches the vial layout in Fig.16, and Fig.17(B) which shows a specific comparison of the D10 vials at 0.06x and 0.05x against a MilliQ control and varying concentrations of calcium chloride. All upper vials were teal coloured. The 0.4x and 0.3x Dfx vials were yellow, while the remainder were green-blue (with the deepest blues in the 0.1x and 0x control vials). Here, the level of CaCl 2 again had limited effect on the presence of D10, except where D10 was at high levels (0.2x standard cleaning solution), where it prevented the solution turning yellow. The CaCl 2 also had limited effect on the potential for the siderophore DFX to bind to the Fe centre of the colour changing composition. Example 12 – metal effect on stability and sensitivity For this example, the following solution composition was used: *described in the general exemplary section above, here having a molar ratio Fe : CAS : surfactant of 1:2-3:0.5-3 (based on 0.0499 mol/mL Fe in 400 μl). A series of vials was prepared with the composition above, with D10 or Dfx at various dilution levels as indicated in the tables below. Each dilution was conducted in pairs (i.e. each cell below represents a pair of vials), with a left hand (of FCP) and a right hand (a comparator formulation of FCD) vial in each pair. Fig.18 – vial layout: All upper vials were teal coloured. The 0.4x and 0.3x Dfx vials were yellow, while the remainder were green-blue (with the deepest blues in the 0.1x and 0x control vials). Compared to the controls, FCD showed good stability to D10-mediated colour change, with sensitivity to siderophore (deferoxamine) at 0.2x equivalence to iron and above. FCD showed some colour change, but the colour change with Dfx occurred at a lower concentration and was more distinct. Example 13 – Interaction of FCD complex with D10 or Dfx with (Fig.19) or without (Fig. 20) a blocking composition For this example, the following solution composition was used:
*described in the general exemplary section above, here having a molar ratio Fe : CAS : surfactant of 1:2-3:0.5 - 3 (based on 0.0499 mol/mL Fe in 400 μl). A series of vials was prepared with the composition above with (Fig.19) or without (Fig.20) a blocking composition and tested against D10 or Dfx at various dilution levels as indicated in the tables below. Figs.19 and 20 – vial layout: All upper vials were blue coloured. The 0.3x and weaker Dfx vials were purple-blue, while the remainder were red. Fig.19 shows FCD not reacting with any level of D10 contamination when a blocking composition is used. At high concentrations (as typically seen in the food industry) of D10, FCD becomes discoloured and a brighter blue than the control. Fig.20 shows that the blocking composition still allows FCD to interact with a siderophore (deferoxamine) as the colour change become more intense as more Dfx is added (right to left). The effect of Dfx on colour is more apparent on the left than on the right, showing that the blocking composition prevents unwanted D10 interaction, whilst encouraging sensitivity to Dfx. Example 14 – metal effect on sensitivity For this example, the following solution composition was used: *described in the general exemplary section above, here having a molar ratio Fe : CAS : HDTMA of 1:2-3:0.5 - 3 (based on 0.0499 mol/mL Fe in 400 μl). A series of vials was prepared with the composition above with D10 or Dfx at various dilution levels as indicated in the tables below. Fig.21 – vial layout: All upper and middle vials were blue or teal coloured, with the deepest blues being at 1x D10 dilution. The 1x to 0.6x Dfx vials were yellow, 0.5x to 0.3x green-teal and 0.2x to 0.1x blue. The test was repeated with the same vial layout, but with 3 equivalents MgCl 2 (relative to EDTA) instead of ZnCl 2 and CaCl 2 . The results are shown in Fig.22. The top two lines of both figures show a reducing level of D10 from left to right and top to bottom. The bottom line shows a reducing level of siderophore reducing in concentration. The blocking composition that includes MgCl 2 (Fig.22) showed some discolouration with D10 from below 0.3x – 0.04x dilution compared to stock concentration. The effect of Dfx on the MgCl 2 blocking composition is apparent from 0.1x and up. The blocking composition that includes the ZnCl 2 and CaCl 2 (Fig.20) showed a smaller sensitivity range to D10 (0.09x – 0.07x) and still had sensitivity to DFX from 0.2x and up. This shows a clear trade-off between metal ions that prevent D10 interference, and the effect of the metal ions on the sensitivity to DFX. Example 15 – metal effect on stability and sensitivity For this example, the following solution composition was used: *described in the general exemplary section above, here having a molar ratio Fe : CAS : HDTMA of 1:2-3:0.5-3 (based on 0.0499 mol/L Fe in 400 μl). A series of vials was prepared with the composition above with D10 or Dfx at various dilution levels as indicated in the tables below. Fig.23 – vial layout: All upper vials were blue with the exception of 0.3-0.1x, which progressively became more teal coloured. The middle row was teal. The 1x to 0.6x Dfx vials were yellow, 0.5x to 0.1x green- teal. The experiment was repeated, but with 50 equivalents CaCl 2 (relative to EDTA) and no ZnCl 2 . Fig.24 – vial layout: All upper vials were blue with the exception. The middle two rows were teal. The bottom row was yellow-teal, with deeper yellows towards the 1x side and deeper teal towards 0.1x. The range of sensitivity to D10 was increased compared to ZnCl 2 at 50 equivalents, but the sensitivity to Dfx was increased. This further shows that a lower amount of ZnCl 2 has a direct effect on sensitivity to both cleaning chemicals and bacterial residues.
Example 16 – the effect of detergent on colour change sensitivity The stability & sensitivity of the dye complex can be influenced by the amount of surfactant (e.g. HDTMA) that is present. For this example, the following solution was used: *described in the general exemplary section above, here having a molar ratio Fe : CAS : (C12-16) trimethyl ammonium chloride of 1:2 - 3:0 - 4 (based on 4.99 * 10^-5 mol/L Fe in 400 μl). An increased level of surfactant led to preservation of the peak from 600 – 710 nm, and reduced the increase of the peak from 450 – 460 nm when DFX was introduced. This is shown in Figure 25A (where the surfactant, “D”, had a ratio of 0 to Fe (solid line), where “D” had a ratio of 1 to Fe (dotted line), where “D” had a ratio of 2 to Fe (small dashes), where “D” had a ratio of 3 to Fe (long dashes) and where “D” had a ratio of 4 to Fe (dashed and dotted line)). Similarly, increasing the level of surfactant led to the preservation of the peak from 600 – 710 nm and the reduced the increase of the peak at 450 – 460 nm when D10 was introduced. This is shown in Figure 25B (where the surfactant, “D”, had a ratio of 0 to Fe (solid line), where “D” had a ratio of 1 to Fe (dotted line), where “D” had a ratio of 2 to Fe (small dashes), where “D” had a ratio of 3 to Fe (long dashes) and where “D” had a ratio of 4 to Fe (dashed and dotted line)). These graphs show that the level of surfactant is related to controlling both the sensitivity and stability of the colour-change composition. Example 17 Stock solutions of compositions were prepared by mixing the following solutions: Stock solution A: ∙ 50 ml of a solution comprising 0.06 g CAS in 50 ml H 2 O; ∙ 9 ml of a solution comprising 0.0027 g hydrated FeCl 3 (FeCl 3 ⋅6H 2 O) in 10 ml 10 mM HCl; ∙ 8 ml of a solution comprising 0.0146 g HDTMA in 8 ml H 2 O; and ∙ 33 ml of a solution comprising 2 g Tween ® 80 in 33 ml H 2 O Stock solution B: ∙ 50 ml of a solution comprising 0.06 g CAS in 50 ml H 2 O; ∙ 9 ml of a solution comprising 0.0081 g hydrated FeCl 3 (FeCl 3 ⋅6H 2 O) in 10 ml 10 mM HCl; ∙ 8 ml of a solution comprising 0.0146 g HDTMA in 8 ml H 2 O; and ∙ 33 ml of a solution comprising 2 g Tween ® 80 in 33 ml H 2 O 10 ml of each stock solution were diluted with 90 ml water to provide compositions for use as a cleaning spray. 10 ml of each stock solution were diluted with 10 ml of water to provide compositions for use in a label. Compositions may be added to the label by mixing with the carrier (e.g. agar) at a temperature of about 40 °C. Example 18 A range of tests were performed to investigate the colouring effect of increasing molar ratio of iron relative to CAS S (hydrated FeCl 3 (FeCl 3 ⋅6H 2 O) to CAS S). The results were as follows: ∙ 1:0.0099 [1000x] – Blue ∙ 1:0.099 [100x] - Blue ∙ 1:0.485 [50x] - Blue ∙ 1:0.99 [10x] - Blue ∙ 1:9.9 [1x] – Pale Blue ∙ 1:19.8 [0.5x] - Red ∙ 1:99 [0.1x] - Red ∙ 1:198 [0.05x] - Red A deep blue colour was obtained with a ratio of 1:3.3. Example 19 Stock solution B was diluted by a factor of two to yield a solution for visibility testing. The solution was then made to the following dilutions, with the resulting qualitative visibility: ∙ 1x – dark blue, very little changes to orange seen with bacteria ∙ 2x – dark blue, still hard to see changes to orange with bacteria ∙ 5x – dark to medium blue, adding bacteria you can visibly see a grey and orange ∙ 10x – medium blue, mixing with bacteria shows a transparent orange colour ∙ 20x – near transparent blue, difficult to see orange colour because of high transparency ∙ 50x – almost completely clear with a hint blue Testing was performed in a 50 ml falcon tube with each dilution at a volume of 10 ml. 1 ml of OD 1 Bacteria (E-coli BL21 (DE3) cells and grown to an optical density of 1 as determined using UV- VIS) in water was added to each dilution to a final volume of 11 ml. The dilutions were placed at a volume of 1 ml on white weighing boats. Example 20 Membrane testing was performed with 10 kDa MWCO dialysis tubing. Dialysis tubing was cut to 10cm in length to form a cylinder of tubing open and both ends. After tying one end of the dialysis tubing, the formulation was added to 5ml total volume and then the second end was tied off to prevent any leaking of the formulation from the ends of the tubing. The membrane with the formulation was put into milk at room temperature for 24 hours. The results were compared with adding 5ml total volume directly to the milk and also compared relative to a control which comprised of the membrane filled with 5ml of water. No observable colour change occurred in the milk when the membrane was used. The formulation inside the membrane did change colour from blue to orange indicating that detection of siderophores was still possible. Example 21 An exemplary composition suitable for inclusion in a substrate, such as a surface wipe, is given below. 0.0008475 g of the composition was mixed with 12.25 mL water and then doped into a 10x10 cm cellulose wipe. Example 22 An experiment was conducted to demonstrate the effect of pH on the colour of compositions. A series of compositions having pH between 0.8 and 12.8 were prepared in accordance with the following procedure. Preparatory solutions with a pH between 0.8 and 6.8 were prepared from a stock solution comprising hydrochloric acid (1 mL, 37%) in distilled water (50 mL) and then diluted with sufficient further distilled water to yield solutions having a pH level 0.3 units lower than that intended for the final compositions for testing (e.g. where the final composition for testing was intended to have a pH of 1.8, then the preparatory solution was prepared by diluting the stock solution with further distilled water to a pH of 1.5). Preparatory solutions with a pH between 7.8 and 12.8 were prepared from a stock solution comprising sodium hydroxide (0.4 g) in distilled water (50 mL) and then diluted with further distilled water to yield solutions having a pH level 0.3 units higher than that intended for the final compositions for testing. Preparatory solutions were then diluted 1:1 (volume) with a water-mixed composition prepared in accordance with Example 21, to yield final compositions for testing having the desired pH. The (unbuffered) final compositions for testing were observed to have colouring as set out in the table below. A light absorbance study was conducted (Nanodrop 2000 Spectrophotometer, 0.1 mm path length) on the final compositions for testing to determine absorbance of CAS at 458 nm (λ max absorption for CAS S) at variable pH between 1 and 13. The results are shown in Figure 26. Example 23 – validation of blocking effectiveness A method adapted from BS EN 1276:2019 was used to evaluate the blocking effectiveness of the blocking composition and any false negatives. A culture of Escherichia coli was produced and adjusted to 1.5-5.0x10 8 CFU*/mL according to BS EN 1276:2019 to form a cell suspension. This organism was chosen due to its sensitivity to quaternary ammonium compounds. The cell suspension was then further diluted to achieve a cell count of 3.0x10 2 to 1.6x10 3 CFU/mL to form a validation suspension. This validation suspension was then used in the blocking test. 100 µL of a commercial quaternary ammonium compound (QAC)-based disinfectant (Hycolin™ hospital disinfectant, diluted to 2% by volume) was added to 550 µL of blocking composition according to the present disclosure (including 150 µL of buffer) and incubated at ambient temperature for 5 minutes to allow blocking of the disinfectant. After blocking, 50 µL of the E. coli validation suspension was added to the tube and mixed thoroughly. Samples were incubated at ambient temperature for 5 minutes contact time, allowing exposure of the test organism to any residual un-blocked disinfectant. Samples were analysed to determine the number of surviving organisms in each tube. Control samples in which sterile distilled water was used in place of the disinfectant were also tested and results were compared. The counts obtained in the blocking effectiveness tests were assessed to confirm that all counts were ≥50% of the control count, indicating that the disinfectant had been blocked. Results are given in the table below. *CFU = colony-forming unit * * * The disclosure also comprises the following clauses, which may be claimed: 1. A substrate (optionally a sponge) comprising a blocking composition, wherein said blocking composition comprises: one or more metals; one or more blocking composition surfactants; and one or more pH buffers; wherein 0.15 ml of said composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block: at least around 1.372 x 10 -8 moles of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; and at least around 3.106 x 10 -8 moles of C 9 -C 11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate. 2. The substrate according to clause 1, wherein 0.15 ml of said composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block: at least around 2.854x10 -7 , optionally at least around 5.57x10 -7 , optionally at least around 8.287x10 -7 , optionally at least around 1.1x10 -6 , optionally around 1.3x10 -6 , such as around 1.372x10 -6 moles of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; and at least around 6.46x10 -7 , optionally at least around 1.261x10 -6 , optionally at least around 1.876x10 -6 , optionally at least around 2.491x10 -6 , optionally around 3.1x10 -6 such as around 3.106x10 -6 moles of C 9 -C 11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate. 3. The substrate according to clause 1 or 2, wherein 0.15 ml of said composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block: at most around 1.372 x 10 -4 , optionally at most around 1.1x10 -4 , optionally at most around 8.287x10 -5 , optionally at most around 5.57x10 -5 , optionally at most around 2.854x10- 5 , around 1.3x10 -6 , such as around 1.372x10 -6 moles of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; and at most around 3.106 x 10 -4 , optionally at most around 2.491x10 -4 , optionally at most around 1.876x10 -4 , optionally at most around 1.261x10 -4 , optionally at most around 6.46x10- 5 , optionally around 3.1x10 -6 such as around 3.106x10 -6 moles of C 9 -C 11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate. 4. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein 0.15 ml of said composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block: around 1.372x10 -8 to 1.372x10 -4 , optionally around 2.854x10 -7 to 1.1x10 -4 , optionally around 5.57x10 -7 to 8.287x10 -5 , optionally around 8.287x10 -7 to 5.57x10 -5 , optionally around 1.1x10 -6 to 2.854x10 -5 moles of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; and around 3.106x10 -8 to 3.106x10 -4 , optionally around 6.46x10 -7 to 2.491x10 -4 , optionally around 1.261x10 -6 to 1.876x10 -4 , optionally around 1.876x10 -6 to 1.261x10 -4 , optionally around 2.491x10 -6 to 6.46x10 -5 moles of C 9 -C 11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate. 5. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein 0.15 ml of said composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block said amount of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and C 9 -C 11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, and at least: (a) around 1.937x 10 -8 moles of citrate, optionally at least around 4.029x10 -7 , optionally at least around 7.864x10 -7 , optionally at least around 1.17x10 -6 , optionally at least around 1.553x10 -6 , optionally around 1.9x10 -6 such as around 1.937x10 -6 ; and/or (b) around 2.959 x 10 -8 , optionally at least around 6.155x10 -7 , optionally at least around 1.201x10 -6 , optionally at least around 1.787x10 -6 , optionally at least around 2.373x10 -6 , optionally around 3x10 -6 such as around 2.959x10 -6 moles of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 6. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein 0.15 ml of said composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block said amount of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and C 9 -C 11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, and at most: (a) around 1.937x10 -4 moles of citrate, optionally at most around 1.553x10 -4 , optionally at most around 1.17x10 -4 , optionally at most around 7.864x10 -5 , optionally at most around 4.029x10 -5 , optionally around 1.9x10 -6 such as around 1.937x10 -6 ; and/or (b) around 2.959x10 -4 moles of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), optionally at most around 2.373x10 -4 , optionally at most around 1.787x10 -4 , optionally at most around 1.201x10 -4 , optionally at most around 6.155x10 -5 , optionally around 3x10 -6 such as around 2.959x10 -6 . 7. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein 0.15 ml of said composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block said amount of n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and C 9 -C 11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, and: (a) around 1.937 x 10 -8 to 1.937 x 10 -4 , optionally around 4.029x10 -7 to 1.553x10 -4 , optionally around 7.864x10 -7 to 1.17x10 -4 , optionally around 1.17x10 -6 to 7.864x10 -5 , optionally around 1.553x10 -6 to 4.029x10 -5 moles of citrate; and/or (b) around 2.959 x 10 -8 to 2.959 x 10 -4 , optionally around 6.155x10 -7 to 2.373x10 -4 , optionally around 1.201x10 -6 to 1.787x10 -4 , optionally around 1.787x10 -6 to 1.201x10 -4 , optionally around 2.373x10 -6 to 6.155x10 -5 moles of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). 8. A substrate (optionally a sponge) comprising a blocking composition (optionally around 0.15 ml thereof), wherein said blocking composition comprises: one or more metals; one or more blocking composition surfactants; and one or more pH buffers, optionally wherein: around 0.15 ml of the blocking composition comprises a combined amount of said metal and said blocking composition surfactant that is sufficient to block: (a) at least around 1.937 x 10 -8 moles of citrate, optionally at least around 4.029x10- 7 , optionally at least around 7.864x10 -7 , optionally at least around 1.17x10 -6 , optionally at least around 1.553x10 -6 , optionally around 1.9x10 -6 such as around 1.937x10 -6 ; and/or (b) at least around 2.959 x 10 -8 moles of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), optionally at least around 6.155x10 -7 , optionally at least around 1.201x10 -6 , optionally at least around 1.787x10 -6 , optionally at least around 2.373x10 -6 , optionally around 3x10 -6 such as around 2.959x10 -6 ; and/or (c) at most around 1.937 x 10 -8 moles of citrate, optionally at most around 1.553x10- 4 , optionally at most around 1.17x10 -4 , optionally at most around 7.864x10 -5 , optionally at most around 4.029x10 -5 , optionally around 1.9x10 -6 such as around 1.937x10 -6 ; and/or (d) at most around 1.937 x 10 -4 moles of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), optionally at most around 2.373x10 -4 , optionally at most around 1.787x10 -4 , optionally at most around 1.201x10 -4 , optionally at most around 6.155x10 -5 , optionally around 3x10 -6 such as around 2.959x10 -6 ; and/or (e) around 1.937 x 10 -8 to 1.937 x 10 -4 moles of citrate, optionally around 4.029x10 -7 to 1.553x10 -4 , optionally around 7.864x10 -7 to 1.17x10 -4 , optionally around 1.17x10 -6 to 7.864x10 -5 , optionally around 1.553x10 -6 to 4.029x10 -5 ; and/or (f) around 2.959 x 10 -8 to 1.937 x 10 -4 moles of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), optionally around 6.155x10 -7 to 2.373x10 -4 , optionally around 1.201x10 -6 to 1.787x10 -4 , optionally around 1.787x10 -6 to 1.201x10 -4 , optionally around 2.373x10 -6 to 6.155x10 -5 . 9. The substrate according to any preceding clause wherein the one or more metals comprise one or more metal salts selected from the group consisting of metal halides (optionally metal chlorides, metal fluorides, metal iodides and metal bromides), metal acetates, metal sulphates, metal carbonates, metal nitrates, metal phosphates, metal gluconates, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal citrates, metal lactates, metal glubionates, metal hydrates, metal peroxides, metal hypochlorides, metal dioxides and metal fumarates. 10. The substrate according to any preceding clause wherein the one or more metals comprise one or more metals, selected from the group consisting of zinc, calcium, magnesium, copper, bismuth, indium, manganese, nickel, titanium, chromium, aluminum, lithium, sodium, potassium, beryllium, radium, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, vanadium, iron, cobalt, iridium, hafnium, silver, thallium, palladium, cadmium, tin, gallium, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, thorium, uranium and neptunium, optionally from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, zinc, copper, bismuth and manganese, or metal ions thereof, optionally from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium and zinc, or metal ions thereof. 11. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein the one or more metals comprise one or more metal ions selected from the group consisting of Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Cu 3+ ,
12. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein the one or more metals comprise zinc and/or calcium, optionally Zn 2+ and/or Ca 2+ , optionally ZnCl₂ and/or CaCl₂. 13. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein said blocking composition comprises around 0.0001 to 4 M of said one or more metals, optionally around 0.001 to 2 M; optionally 0.01 to 0.1 M, optionally around 0.05 to 0.25 M, optionally around 0.1 to 0.15 M. 14. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein the one or more metals comprise ZnCl 2 and CaCl 2 , optionally wherein said blocking composition comprises: around 0.00005 to 2 M of ZnCl 2 , optionally around 0.001 to 1 M; optionally 0.005 to 0.05 M, optionally around 0.025 to 0.125 M, optionally around 0.05 to 0.1 M, optionally around 0.06 to 0.09 M, and around 0.00005 to 2 M of CaCl 2 , optionally around 0.001 to 1 M; optionally 0.005 to 0.05 M, optionally around 0.025 to 0.125 M, optionally around 0.03 to 0.07 M, optionally around 0.04 to 0.06 M. 15. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein the one or more metals has a binding affinity, log K f , for EDTA of at least around 4, optionally at least around 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 or 45. 16. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein said metal has a binding affinity, log K f, for EDTA of at most around 30, optionally at most around 25, 20, 15, 10 or 8. 17. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein said metal has a binding affinity, log K f , for EDTA of around 4 to 45, optionally around 8 to 30, optionally around 10 to 30, optionally around 15 to 25, optionally around 20 to 25. 18. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein said metal has a binding affinity for Chromeazurol S of at most 15, optionally at most 13, optionally at most 10. 19. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein the one or more pH buffers are selected from the group consisting of: glycine, acetate, citrate, phosphate, ethanesulfonic acid and bis-tris methane. 20. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein the one or more pH buffers are selected from the group consisting of: glycine-hydrochloric acid, sodium acetate, piperazine- N,N′-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid), citrate, phosphate, phosphate-citrate, 2-(N- morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid, 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid and bis-tris methane. 21. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein the one or more pH buffers provide a pH working range of about 2.6 to 8, optionally 3.5 – 7, optionally around 5.6 – 7. 22. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein the one or more pH buffers provide a buffer capacity β of about -0.7 to 0.7 mol, optionally about -0.4 to 0.7 mol, optionally about -0.1 to 0.7 mol, optionally about 0.075 to 0.7 mol, optionally about 0.04 to 0.7 mol; and/or optionally about -0.7 to 0.4 mol, optionally about -0.7 to 0.1 mol, optionally about -0.7 to 0.04 mol, optionally about -0.7 to 0.01 mol; and/or optionally about -0.06 to 0.04, optionally about -0.05 to 0.02, optionally about -0.04 to 0.015 mol. 23. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein said blocking composition comprises around 10 mmol/L to 1 mol/L of said one or more pH buffers, optionally around 10 mmol/L to 750 mmol/L, optionally around 50 mmol/L to 500 mmol/L, optionally around 100 mmol/L to 300 mmol/L, optionally around 100 to 200 mmol/L, optionally around 130 to 170 mmol/L. 24. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein the one or more pH buffers comprise acetate, such as sodium acetate. 25. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein said blocking composition surfactant comprises a polysorbate (optionally a polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80 or optionally a Tween TM ); optionally at a level of around 1 mM to 200 mM; an aliphatic phenol ethoxylate (such as Triton X-100 TM ; optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group; optionally wherein the aliphatic phenol ethoxylate is octyl phenol ethoxylate); optionally at a level of around 0.1 mM to 200 mM; a cyclodextrin (optionally β-cyclodextrin or γ-cyclodextrin); of a range between 1mM to 200mM; an aliphatic sulfate (optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group, optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a straight chain length of 8 to 16 carbon atoms; optionally wherein the aliphatic sulfate is sodium dodecyl sulfate); optionally at a level of around 0.005 mM to 200 mM; a lecithin; optionally at a level of around 1 mM to 250 mM; or a pyruvate (optionally an alkyl pyruvate, sodium pyruvate or pyruvic acid, optionally wherein the alkyl pyruvate is methyl pyruvate) optionally at a level of around 1 mM to 10000 mM; a branched-chain or single-chain aliphatic carbonate (optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group, optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a chain length of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, optionally 8 to 18 carbon atoms); a branched-chain or single-chain aliphatic benzene sulphonate (optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group, optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a chain length of 8 to 16 carbon atoms, optionally 10 to 14 carbon atoms); a branched-chain or single-chain polyetheramine; or a cocamide diethanolamine (DEA) (optionally comprising a carbon chain having a chain length of 8 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally 8 to 12 carbon atoms). 26. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein said blocking composition surfactant comprises a polysorbate (optionally a polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80 or optionally a Tween TM ); optionally at a level of around 1 mM to 200 mM; an aliphatic phenol ethoxylate (such as Triton X-100 TM ; optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group; optionally wherein the aliphatic phenol ethoxylate is octyl phenol ethoxylate); optionally at a level of around 0.1 mM to 200 mM; a cyclodextrin (optionally β-cyclodextrin or γ-cyclodextrin); of a range between 1mM to 200mM; an aliphatic sulfate (optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group, optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a straight chain length of 8 to 16 carbon atoms; optionally wherein the aliphatic sulfate is sodium dodecyl sulfate); optionally at a level of around 0.005 mM to 200 mM; a lecithin; optionally at a level of around 1 mM to 250 mM; or a pyruvate (optionally an alkyl pyruvate, sodium pyruvate or pyruvic acid, optionally wherein the alkyl pyruvate is methyl pyruvate) optionally at a level of around 1 mM to 10000 mM. 27. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein said blocking composition surfactant comprises an aliphatic sulfate (optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group, optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a chain length of 8 to 16 carbon atoms (optionally straight chain); optionally wherein the aliphatic sulfate is sodium dodecyl sulfate). 28. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein said blocking composition surfactant is as defined in any one of clauses 25 to 27 (optionally wherein said blocking composition surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate) present from an amount of about 1 x 10 -5 mol/L to about 3.5 x 10 -3 mol/L, optionally about 1 x 10 -4 mol/L to about 3.5 x 10 -3 mol/L, optionally about 2.059x10 -4 to 2.926x10 -3 , optionally about 3.119x10 -4 to 2.352x10 -3 , optionally about 4.178x10 -4 to 1.778x10 -3 , optionally about 5.238x10 -4 to 1.204x10 -3 . 29. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein said blocking composition further comprises 5-sulfosalicyclic acid. 30. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein said 5-sulfosalicyclic acid is present from an amount of about 1 x 10 -6 mol / L to about 5x10 -3 mol / L, optionally 1 x10 -5 mol / L to 2.5x10 -3 mol / L, optionally, 1x10 -4 mol / L to 1x10 -3 mol / L. 31. The substrate according to any preceding clause, wherein said substrate is an absorbent material, such as a sponge or wipe. 32. A composition comprising the blocking composition as defined in any preceding clause. 33. The composition according to clause 32, comprising: around 0.001 to 3 mol / L of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of: Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Cu 3+ , Bi 3+ , Mn 2+ , Mn 3+ , Ag + , Fe 2+ , Cr 2+ , Cr 3+ , Ce 4+ , Co 2+ , Bi 3+ , Ti 3+ , Al 3+ , Li + , K + , Na + and Be 2+ ; optionally wherein said one or more metals are selected from the group consisting of: Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Cu 3+ , Bi 3+ , Mn 2+ , Mn 3+ , Cr 2+ , Cr 3+ , Li + , K + , Na + , Be 2+ and Fe 2+ ; optionally wherein said one or more metals are selected from the group consisting of: Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 2+ and Bi 3+ . 34. The composition according to clause 32 or 33, wherein the one or more metals are present as salts selected from the group consisting of: metal halides, metal acetates, metal carbonates and metal sulfates. 35. The composition according to any one of clauses 32 to 34, comprising around 10 to 750 mmol / L of buffer selected from the group consisting of: acetate, glycine, ethanesulfonic acid, bis-tris methane and phosphate. 36. The composition according to any one of clauses 32 to 35, comprising: (a) around 0.01 to 10 mmol / L of an aliphatic sulfate; or (b) around 1 to 100 mmol / L of an aliphatic phenol ethoxylate; or (c) around 10 to 200 mmol / L of a polysorbate. 37. The composition according to any one of clauses 32 to 36, comprising around 0.001 to 2 mol / L of the one or more metals, optionally around 0.001 to 1.5 mol / L, optionally around 0.001 to 1 mol / L. 38. The composition according to clause 32, comprising: around 0.001 to 3 mol / L of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of: Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ , Cr 3+ , Mn 2+ and Bi 3+ ; around 10 to 750 mmol / L buffer (optionally according to clause 35, optionally acetate buffer); around 0.01 to 10 mmol / L surfactant (optionally an aliphatic sulfate, optionally sodium dodecyl sulfate). 39. The composition according to clause 38, wherein the buffer is according to clause 35 (optionally acetate buffer). 40. The composition according to clause 38 or 39 (optionally according to clause 39), wherein the surfactant is an aliphatic sulfate (optionally sodium dodecyl sulfate). 41. The composition according to any one of clauses 32 to 40, wherein the one or more metals are Zn 2+ and Ca 2+ . 42. The composition according to any one of clauses 38 to 41 (optionally according to any one of clauses 39 to 41, optionally according to clause 40 or 41, optionally according to clause 41), comprising: around 0.001 to 1.5 mol / L of Zn 2+ ; around 0.001 to 1.5 mol / L of Ca 2+ . 43. The composition according to any one of clauses 32 to 42 (optionally according to any one of clauses 39 to 42), comprising around 10 to 750 mmol / L of acetate buffer. 44. The composition according to any one of clauses 32 to 43 (optionally according to any one of clauses 39 to 43), comprising around 0.01 to 10 mmol / L of an aliphatic sulfate. 45. The composition according to clause 41, comprising: around 0.001 to 1 mol / L of Zn 2+ ; around 0.001 to 1 mol / L of Ca 2+ ; around 12.5 to 400 mmol / L of acetate buffer; around 0.05 to 3.5 mmol / L sodium dodecyl sulfate. 46. The composition according to clause 45, comprising: around 15 to 250 mmol / L of Zn 2+ ; around 10 to 200 mmol / L of Ca 2+ ; around 12.5 to 400 mmol / L of acetate buffer; around 0.05 to 3.5 mmol / L sodium dodecyl sulfate. 47. The composition according to any one of clauses 32 to 46, comprising ZnCl 2 and CaCl 2 . 48. The composition of clause 32, wherein: said one or more metal comprises CaCl 2 and ZnCl 2 ; the composition comprises a sodium dodecyl sulfate blocking composition surfactant. 49. The composition according to clause 48, comprising: around 0.001 to 1.5 mol / L of ZnCl 2 ; around 0.001 to 1.5 mol / L of CaCl 2 ; around 10 to 750 mmol / L of acetate buffer; around 0.01 to 10 mmol / L sodium dodecyl sulfate. 50. The composition according to clause 49, comprising: around 0.001 to 1 mol / L of ZnCl 2 ; around 0.001 to 1 mol / L of CaCl 2 . 51. The composition according to clause 49 or 50, comprising around 12.5 to 400 mmol / L of acetate buffer. 52. The composition according to any one of clauses 49 to 51, comprising around 0.05 to 3.5 mmol / L sodium dodecyl sulfate. 53. The composition according to clause 49, comprising: around 12.5 to 400 mmol / L of acetate buffer; around 0.05 to 3.5 mmol / L sodium dodecyl sulfate. 54. The composition according to clause 49, comprising: around 0.001 to 1 mol / L of ZnCl 2 ; around 0.001 to 1 mol / L of CaCl 2 ; around 12.5 to 400 mmol / L of acetate buffer; around 0.05 to 3.5 mmol / L sodium dodecyl sulfate. 55. The composition according to clause 49, comprising: around 15 to 250 mmol / L of ZnCl 2 ; around 10 to 200 mmol / L of CaCl 2 ; around 12.5 to 400 mmol / L of acetate buffer; around 0.05 to 3.5 mmol / L sodium dodecyl sulfate. 56. A kit comprising: a substrate according to any one of clauses 1-31 and/or a composition according to any one of clauses 32-55; and (a) a colour changing composition, wherein said colour changing composition is configured to detect the presence of microorganisms; and/or (b) a cleaning composition, wherein said cleaning composition is configured to reduce and/or eliminate microorganisms. 57. The kit according to clause 56, wherein said substrate comprises around 0.05 ml to 0.75 ml of said blocking composition, optionally around 0.1 ml to 0.6 ml, optionally around 0.125 ml to 0.5 ml, optionally around 0.15 ml. 58. The kit according to clause 56 or 57, wherein said colour changing composition is present in an amount around 0.1 ml to 1 ml, optionally around 0.2 ml to 0.7 ml, optionally around 0.3 ml to 0.5 ml. 59. The kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 58, wherein said colour changing composition comprises: a colour changing composition metal, and a colour changing agent, wherein said colour changing composition metal is bindable to said colour changing agent to provide a change in colour on binding and/or release thereof. 60. The kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 59, further comprising a colour changing composition surfactant, optionally wherein said colour changing composition metal and colour changing composition surfactant are present at a molar ratio of about 1:0.25 to 30, optionally about 1:0.5 to 7; optionally about 1:0.75 to 6; optionally about 1:0.75 to 5; optionally about 1:0.75 to 3; optionally about 1:1 to 3; optionally about 1:1 to 2.5. 61. The kit according to clause 60, wherein said colour changing composition surfactant is selected from the group consisting of: a polysorbate (optionally a polysorbate 80 or polysorbate 20, optionally a Tween TM ), an aliphatic phenol ethoxylate (such as Triton X-100; optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group; optionally wherein the aliphatic phenol ethoxylate is octyl phenol ethoxylate), an aliphatic sulfobetaine (optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group, optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a chain length of 8 to 16 carbon atoms (optionally straight chain); optionally wherein the aliphatic sulfobetaine is lauryl sulfobetaine), an aliphatic quaternary ammonium halide such as aliphatic trimethylammonium halide (optionally wherein the aliphatic group is an alkyl group, optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a chain length of 8 to 22 carbon atoms (optionally straight chain), optionally wherein the aliphatic quaternary ammonium halide is either alkyl pyridinium halide or trimethylammonium halide, which can be myristyltrimethylammonium halide, trimethyloctadecylammonium halide, hexadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (HDTMA), 1-Dodecylpyridinium halide, or dodecyltrimethylammonium halide, optionally wherein the halide is a fluoride, chloride, bromide, or iodide), or combinations thereof, optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a chain length of 8 to 22 carbon atoms (optionally straight chain). 62. The kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 61, wherein said colour changing composition metal and colour changing agent are present at a molar ratio of about 1:0.25 to 25; optionally about 1:0.25 to 20, optionally 1:0.5 to 15; optionally about 1:1 to 13; optionally about 1:1.5 to 11.5; optionally about 1:1.5 to about 8; optionally about 1:1.5 to 5; optionally about 1:1.5 to 4. 63. The kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 62, wherein said colour changing composition metal is iron; optionally iron (III); optionally FeCl 3 , optionally hydrated FeCl 3 (FeCl 3 ⋅6H 2 O). 64. The kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 63, wherein said colour changing agent is a chromeazurol (such as chromeazurol S or chromeazurol B) or a tannin, optionally wherein said colour changing agent is a chromeazurol, optionally chromeazurol S (CAS). 65. The kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 64, wherein said cleaning composition comprises: an n-alkyl dialkyl triamine (e.g. wherein the n-alkyl is at least C 10 , optionally C 12 ; and/or optionally wherein the trialkyl is dipropylene, optionally wherein the n-alkyl dialkyl triamine is dodecyl dipropylene triamine), n-alkyl dimethyl ammonium halide (e.g. chloride), n-alkyl dialkyl aryl ammonium halide and/or aliphatic alcohol alkanoate, optionally wherein said n- alkyl dialkyl aryl ammonium halide is n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium halide, optionally n- alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, optionally wherein the n-alkyl is at least C 8 (e.g. C 8 -C 10 ), optionally C 12 -C 16 n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl N-ammonium chloride; and/or wherein said aliphatic alcohol alkanoate is an alkyl alcohol alkanoate, optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a chain length of 8 to 18 carbon atoms (optionally straight chain), optionally wherein the aliphatic group has a chain length of 9 to 11 carbon atoms (optionally straight chain). 66. The kit according to clause 65, wherein said aliphatic alcohol alkanoate is an alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, optionally C 8 -C18 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate, optionally C 9 -C 11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate. 67. The kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 66, wherein said cleaning composition comprises n-alkyl dialkyl aryl ammonium halide present from about 0.5 wt% to 15 wt%; and aliphatic alcohol alkanoate present from about 0.5 wt% to 15 wt%. 68. The kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 67, wherein said cleaning composition comprises: n-alkyl dialkyl aryl ammonium halide present from about about 0.6 wt% to 14 wt%, optionally 0.7 wt% to 13 wt%, optionally 0.8 wt% to 12 wt%, optionally 0.9 wt% to 11 wt%, optionally about 1 wt% to 10 wt%; and aliphatic alcohol alkanoate present from about 0.6 wt% to 14 wt%, optionally 0.7 wt% to 13 wt%, optionally 0.8 wt% to 12 wt%, optionally 0.9 wt% to 11 wt%, optionally about 1 wt% to 10 wt% 69. The kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 68, wherein said cleaning composition further comprises citrate present from about 0.5 wt% to 10 wt%; optionally about 0.6 wt% to 9 wt%, optionally 0.7 wt% to 8 wt%, optionally 0.8 wt% to 7 wt%, optionally 0.9 wt% to 6 wt%, optionally about 1 wt% to 5 wt%. 70. The kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 69, wherein said cleaning composition further comprises EDTA present from about 0.5 wt% to 30 wt%; optionally about 0.6 wt% to 25 wt%, optionally 0.7 wt% to 20 wt%, optionally 0.8 wt% to 15 wt%, optionally 0.9 wt% to 12.5 wt%, optionally about 1 wt% to 10 wt%. 71. The kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 70, wherein said cleaning composition further comprises sodium hypochlorite present from about 1.8 wt% to 7 wt%, optionally 2.1 wt% to 6.5 wt%, optionally 2.4 wt% to 6 wt%, optionally 2.7 wt% to 5.5 wt%, optionally about 3 wt% to 5 wt%; and hydrogen peroxide present from about 6 wt% to 42 wt%, optionally 7 wt% to 39 wt%, optionally 8 wt% to 36 wt%, optionally 9 wt% to 33 wt%, optionally about 10 wt% to 30 wt%. 72. The kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 71, wherein said cleaning composition further comprises peracetic acid present from about 6 wt% to 42 wt%, optionally 7 wt% to 39 wt%, optionally 8 wt% to 36 wt%, optionally 9 wt% to 33 wt%, optionally about 10 wt% to 30 wt%; and acetic acid present from about 6 wt% to 42 wt%, optionally 7 wt% to 39 wt%, optionally 8 wt% to 36 wt%, optionally 9 wt% to 33 wt%, optionally about 10 wt% to 30 wt%. 73. A kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 72, wherein said blocking composition is as defined in any one of clauses 33 to 55; and wherein said colour changing composition comprises: a colour changing composition metal, wherein said colour changing composition is iron; a colour changing agent, wherein said colour changing agent is chromeazurol S; and optionally a colour changing composition surfactant, wherein said colour changing composition surfactant is an aliphatic quaternary ammonium halide; wherein said iron is bindable to chromeazurol S to provide a change in colour on binding and/or release thereof, optionally wherein said iron and said aliphatic quaternary ammonium halide are present at a molar ratio of 1:0.25 - 1:5; and wherein said iron and said chromeazurol S are present at a molar ratio of 1:0.5 - 1:5. 74. A kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 73, wherein said blocking composition is as defined in any one of clauses 33 to 55; and wherein said cleaning composition comprises: n-alkyl dialkyl aryl ammonium halide, wherein said n-alkyl dialkyl aryl ammonium halide is n-alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride present at an amount from about 1 wt% to 10 wt%; and aliphatic alcohol alkanoate, wherein said aliphatic alcohol alkanoate is C 9 -C 11 alkyl alcohol ethoxylate present at an amount from about 1 wt% to 10 wt%, optionally wherein said cleaning composition further comprises citrate, optionally present at an amount from about 1 wt% to 5 wt% and/or EDTA, optionally present at an amount from about 1 wt% to 10 wt% optionally wherein said cleaning composition further compromises sodium hypochlorite, optionally present at an amount from about 3 wt% to 5 wt%; and/or hydrogen peroxide, optionally present at an amount from about 10 wt% to 30 wt%; and/or peracetic acid present at an amount from about 10 wt% to 30 wt%; and/or acetic acid present at an amount from about 10 wt% to 30 wt%. 75. A kit according to any one of clauses 56 to 74, wherein said blocking composition is as defined in any one of clauses 33 to 55; and wherein said colour changing composition is as defined in clause 73. 76. A swab comprising a rod having a substrate according to clauses 1-31 at an end thereof (optionally wherein the substrate comprises 0.15 ml of said composition), optionally further comprising a reservoir of a colour changing composition, optionally wherein said colour changing composition is as defined in any one of clauses 56 to 74, optionally wherein said reservoir is rupturable to enable release of said colour changing composition. 77. Use of a substrate according to any one of clauses 1 to 31, a blocking composition according to any one of clauses 32 to 55 or a swab according to clause 76 to block a cleaning composition, optionally wherein said cleaning composition is as defined in any one of clauses 56 to 74. 78. A method, comprising contacting a surface, or a sample therefrom, that has been pre- treated with a cleaning composition, with a blocking composition as defined in any one of clauses 32 to 55, optionally wherein said cleaning composition is as defined in any one of clauses 56 to 74. 79. The method according to clause 78, further comprising contacting said surface, or sample therefrom (e.g. collected by a swab optionally as defined in clause 74) with a colour changing composition, optionally wherein said colour changing composition is as defined in any one of clauses 56 to 74. 80. A substrate, composition, kit, swab, use or method substantially as described herein, with reference to the accompanying description above and figures. Any listing or discussion of an apparently prior-published document in this specification should not necessarily be taken as an acknowledgement that the document is part of the state of the art or common general knowledge. All references disclosed herein are to be considered to be incorporated herein by reference. Those skilled in the art will recognise or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation many equivalents to the specific embodiments described herein. The scope of the present disclosure herein is not intended to be limited to the above description, but rather is as set forth in the appended claims. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications to this description may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure.