| WO/2011/059230 | BURNER FOR BOILER USING BIOMASS SOLID FUEL |
| JP11063460 | WATER COOLED THRUST COMBUSTION FIRE GRATE |
| JP57157921 | INCINERATOR |
CLAIMS
1. A solid waste burning unit, characterized in that it comprises, in wet system, stationary and mobile sliding bearings with tubular system water conduits and that in waterless system, the stationary sliding bearings comprise tubular system water conduits and the mobile sliding bearings are made preferably of heat resistant metal or ceramics.
2. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises metal water tubes (3).
3. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises metal lamas (2).
4. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1 and 3, characterized in that there are provided air blowing holes (1) on the lama (2).
5. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises stationary sliding bearing (15) with tubular system water conduits, consisting of lamas (2) mounted on water tubes (3).
6. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises mobile sliding bearing (16) with tubular system water conduits, consisting of lamas (2) mounted on water tubes (3).
7. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sliding bearings are designed as steps so that there is arranged one mobile sliding bearing in between two stationary sliding bearings.
8. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1 , characterized in that in the waterless system, the mobile sliding bearing (17) is preferably made of heat resistant metal sheet.
9. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1 and . 8, characterized in that there are provided air blowing holes (1) on the mobile " sliding bearing (17) made of heat resistant metal sheet.
10. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that in the waterless system the mobile sliding bearing is preferably made of single piece ceramics (18).
11. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1 and 10, characterized in that there are provided air blowing holes (1) on the mobile sliding bearing (18) made of ceramics.
12. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1 and 10, characterized in that in the waterless system the mobile sliding bearing is preferably made of fire cement, refractories and similar materials which are resistant to high temperatures instead of ceramics (18).
13. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that there are angle brackets (19) at the corners of the mobile sliding bearings which provide contact.
14. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that there is provided a solid waste loading chamber (4) into which the solid waste is poured.
15. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that there is provided a fuel pushing piston (6) which pushes the solid waste to the burning chamber.
16. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that there are provided mobile sliding bearing pushing pistons (7).
17. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that there is provided a hydraulic unit (8) where the hydraulic oil is kept.
18. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim I 5 characterized in that there are provided oil hoses (9) which transfer oil to the pistons.
19. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a water pump (10) which provides water to the unit.
20. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1 and 19, characterized in that there are provided cold water transmission tubes (11) which transmit cold water to the mobile sliding bearings.
21. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, 16 and 17, characterized in that there are provided hot water outlet tubes (12) which discharge the hot water from the mobile sliding bearings.
22. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that it preferably comprises a fuel pushing reducer (20), instead of fuel pushing piston (6), which pushes the solid waste coming from the solid fuel loading chamber (4).
23. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that it preferably comprises a mobile sliding bearing pushing reducer (21), instead of a mobile sliding bearing pushing piston (7).
24. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mobile and stationary sliding bearings are preferably made of ceramics.
25. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim I 5 characterized in that the mobile and stationary sliding bearings are preferably made of heat resistant metal sheet.
26. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mobile and stationary sliding bearings with tubular system water conduits (15, 16), mobile sliding bearings made of heat resistant metal sheet (17) and mobile sliding bearings made of ceramics (18) preferably have flat surfaces.
27. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1 and 24, characterized in that the edges of the mobile and stationary sliding bearings with tubular system water conduits (15, 16), of the mobile sliding bearings made of heat resistant metal sheet (17) and of the mobile sliding bearings made of ceramics (18) are curved upwards.
28. A solid waste burning unit according to Claim 1, 24 and 25, characterized in that the mobile and stationary sliding bearings with tubular system water conduits (15, 16), he mobile sliding bearings made of heat resistant metal sheet (17) and the mobile sliding bearings made of ceramics (18) are curved. |
A BOILER COMPRISING SOLID WASTE BURNING UNIT
CONSISTING OF SLIDING BEARINGS WITH
TUBULAR SYSTEM WATER CONDUITS
The present invention relates to boilers comprising solid waste burning units; which, in wet systems, consist of stationary and mobile sliding bearings with tubular system water conduits and wherein, in waterless system, the stationary sliding bearings comprise tubular system water conduits and the mobile bearings are preferably made of heat resistant metal or ceramics.
Wet system coal burning systems are also called "stoker". It is ensured that the coal is provided with air and that it burns more efficiently by introducing air to the coal ignited within the chamber, and having a worker frequently mixing the coal. The metal surface which is heated as a result of the burning, transfers its heat to the water and thereby enables the water to be heated and vapor to be obtained. In this method, burning the coal with low efficiency and employment of a worker for the mixing raise the costs.
In wet system coal burning systems, in order to eliminate the above mentioned drawback, Ij an Endϋstriyel Isitma Ltd. has received a utility model certificate no. 2005/01771. With this invention, steps (sliding bearings) which are made of a single piece metal including curves and comprising air blowing holes thereon have been developed in the coal burning unit within the soil sterilizer. Sliding bearings are designed as steps within the burning unit from upper part to lower part. The upper sliding bearing is stationary, the sliding bearing therebelow is mobile, the one below the latter is a stationary sliding bearing. That is, one mobile sliding bearing is arranged in between two stationary sliding bearings. The coal coming from the funnel is lead to the upper stationary sliding bearing by the help of a piston; the coal ignited here is enflamed by means of the air coming from the fan through the blowing holes, and falls down to the lower mobile sliding bearing as a result of the pushing of the piston. The coal which continues to burn therein
slides from the mobile sliding bearing as a result of the pushing of the piston and falls down to the lower stationary sliding bearing and performs coal feeding from the upper stationary mobile bearing during its return movement. Even though the step moves backwards, the fuel cannot move backwards as it is prevented therefrom and it proceeds towards the lower stationary step upon sliding from the mobile step. The ashes of the coal burned gradually in these desired number of sliding bearings accumulate at a chamber disposed at the end. In order to reduce the friction and wearing of the mobile steps, there are provided metal balls which keeps them poised against the sides. As there is not a worker in this system to mix the burning coal, labor cost is reduced and a gradual and efficient burning is achieved. However, as the water conduits within the mobile and stationary steps (sliding bearings) made of single piece metal sheet are obtained via providing folds in the press, an increase in the cost occurs. Moreover, the metal balls which prevent the friction of mobile steps are affected by high values of heat and get deformed, and for that reason, mobile steps frequently fail.
Garbage, medical waste and similar solid wastes are disposed of via burning by the waterless system in burning chambers whose walls are coated with high heat resistant ceramics or heat resistant refractories. Burning chambers are heavy, bulky and their transportation and assembly are difficult and expensive. Transport, storage and burning of the medical wastes from hospitals and similar medical care institutions require an extensive organization and care. Likewise, transport, storage and burning of the garbage are expensive operations also requiring an extensive organization and care.
In order to reduce the increase in the cost of the sliding bearings made of single piece metal developed for systems for burning coal, medical wastes and similar solid fuels and wastes, as an alternative to this system, a boiler is developed comprising a solid waste burning unit which is used in burning and/or disposal of all solid fuels and wastes and which in wet system consists of stationary and mobile sliding bearings with tubular system water conduits and in waterless
system comprises mobile sliding bearings made of heat resistant metal sheet or single piece ceramics between stationary sliding bearings with tubular system water conduits.
The objectives of the present invention are;
1. To reduce the production cost in wet system by producing stationary and mobile sliding bearings with tubular system water conduits.
2. To reduce the costs and save time in waterless system by producing mobile sliding bearings made of heat resistant single piece metal sheet or single piece ceramics or refractories to be arranged between the stationary bearings with tubular system water conduits.
3. To dispose of solid wastes in small units at their origin (in a room designated at the hospitals, for garbage at the closest place of their formation) by burning them at their location upon manufacturing movable or fixable burning units of desired size for burning operation in waterless or wet systems; thus to minimize the processes of collection and transport of medical wastes and garbage, and to develop coal burning systems for heating purposes.
4. To avoid failures arising from heat and friction, by providing the reciprocating movement of the mobile sliding bearings via metal angle brackets.
Characteristics of the present invention are that,
1. The solid fuel burning unit is designed so that there is one mobile sliding bearing in between two stationary sliding bearings within the unit,
2. In the wet method, there is a mobile sliding bearing made of heat resistant metal sheet or ceramics or refractories in between stationary sliding bearings with tubular system water conduits,
3. Water is not used in the waterless system,
4. Reciprocating movement of mobile sliding bearings is provided by angle brackets at the bottom of the bearing,
5. A piston or a reducer is employed for pushing fuel into the solid fuel burning unit and providing reciprocating movement of the mobile sliding bearings,
6. In addition to the fact that the sliding bearings with tubular system water conduits made of heat resistant thick metal sheet or ceramics may have flat surfaces, preferably, the edges thereof are curved / folded upwards or the whole bearing is curved.
The figures prepared to facilitate a better understanding of the present invention are as follows:
Figure 1 is the perspective view of the water conduit (tube).
Figure 2 is the perspective view of the lama.
Figure 3 is the perspective view of the sliding bearing with tubular system water conduits.
Figure 4 is the perspective view of the sliding bearing made of ceramics.
Figure 5 is the perspective view of the mobile sliding bearing made of heat resistant metal sheet.
Figure 6 is the perspective view of a wet system burning unit comprising one row wherein the stationary and mobile sliding bearings comprise tubular system water conduits.
Figure 7 is the view of a wet system burning unit wherein the stationary and mobile sliding bearings are tubular system comprising water conduits.
Figure 8 is the side view of the waterless system burning unit wherein the stationary sliding bearing comprises tubular system water conduits and the mobile sliding bearing is made of heat resistant metal sheet.
Figure 9 is the side view of the burning unit wherein the stationary sliding bearing comprises tubular system water conduits and the mobile sliding bearing is made of ceramics.
Figure 10 is the perspective view of the burning unit comprising two rows wherein the stationary sliding bearing comprises tubular system water conduits and the mobile sliding bearing is made of ceramics.
Figure 11 is the view of the angle bracket on which the mobile sliding bearing moves.
Figure 12 is the side view of the solid fuel burning unit in which a reducer is employed.
Figure 13 is the side view of the sliding bearing comprising tubular system water conduits, with curved edges.
Figure 14 is the perspective view of the ceramic sliding bearing with curved edges.
Figure 15 is the perspective view of the heat resistant metal sheet with curved edges.
Figure 16 is the perspective view of the sliding bearing with tubular system water conduits which is curved as a whole.
Figure 17 is the side view of the wet system solid fuel burning unit within the boiler.
Figure 18 is the side view of the waterless system solid fuel burning unit within the boiler.
Each part within the figures prepared to facilitate better understanding of the present invention is individually numbered. The numbers refer to the following:
1. Air blowing hole
2. Lama
3. Water tube
4. Solid fuel loading chamber
5. Inspection hatch
6. Fuel pushing piston
7. Mobile sliding bearing pushing piston
8. Hydraulic unit
9. Oil hose
10. Water pump
11. Cold water transmission tubes
12. Hot water outlet tube
13. Fan
14. Ash chamber
15. Stationary sliding bearing with tubular system water conduits
16. Mobile sliding bearing with tubular system water conduits
17. Mobile sliding bearing made of heat resistant metal sheet
18. Mobile sliding bearing made of ceramics
19. Angle bracket
20. Fuel pushing reducer
21. Mobile sliding bearing pushing reducer
22. Flue
23. Chimney
24. Hot water discharge flange
In order to burn solid fuels such as coal, garbage and medical waste, the sliding bearing with tubular system water conduits is formed by collocating metal tubes (water conduits) and welding them to the metal lamas on which there are air blowing holes (1). In Figure 1, perspective view of the water conduit (tube), in Figure 2, perspective view of the lama on which there are provided air blowing holes (1), and in Figure 3, perspective view of the sliding bearing with tubular system water conduits are provided.
Purpose of the unit of the waterless method is to prevent the increasing heat from deforming the sliding bearings in case of a failure of the pump. Purpose of the wet system is to develop an alternative method to the wet system.
Side view of a wet system burning unit wherein the stationary and mobile sliding bearings comprise tubular system water conduits is given in Figure 7. At the upper part, there is a solid fuel loading chamber (4) where the solid waste is dumped, a fuel pushing piston (6) pushing the solid waste, mobile sliding bearing pushing pistons (7) which push the mobile sliding bearings and make them move forward
and backward, a hydraulic unit (8) containing hydraulic oil, oil hoses (9) delivering oil to the pistons, water pump (10), cold water transmission tubes (11) which transmit the cold water to the mobile sliding bearings, hot water outlet tubes (12) which transfer the heated water to the boiler, a fan (13) which accelerates burning of the solid waste ignited by providing air through air blowing holes (1), via introducing air into the burning unit, an ash chamber (14) where the ashes accumulate and an inspection hatch (5). Within the burning chamber, one sliding bearing (16) with tubular system water conduits is designed as a step in between two stationary sliding bearings (15) with tubular system water conduits. The solid wastes pushed by the fuel pushing piston (6) are received at the upper stationary sliding bearing (15) with tubular system water conduits. The solid waste ignited here, begins to burn as a result of the air provided by means of the fan (13) through the air blowing holes (1) on the lama (2). The front part of the solid wastes which start to burn as a result of the pushing of the fuel pushing piston (6) in certain intervals, descends to the mobile sliding bearing with tubular system water conduits (16) at the lower step pushed by the mobile sliding bearing pushing piston (7). The coal which continues burning by the blowing of air moves with the reciprocating movement of the sliding bearing such that the solid waste moves forward due to the contact as the bearing moves backward. In its forward movement, the solid waste which has moved forward is poured down to the stationary sliding bearing with tubular system water conduits (15) disposed on the lower step. Meanwhile, a solid waste amount which is equal to the volume of the solid waste discharged is poured from the upper step. This process is continued in the desired number of sliding bearings with tubular system water conduits and the solid waste is burned efficiently and the accumulated ashes are collected at the ash chamber (14). Maintenance is performed on the unit through the inspection hatch (5).
Side view of the burning unit, which functions with the waterless system and wherein the stationary sliding bearing comprises tubular system water conduits and the mobile sliding bearing is made of heat resistant metal sheet, is provided in
Figure 8. The solid waste ignited, is poured from the stationary sliding bearing with tubular system water conduits (15) to the mobile sliding bearing made of heat resistant metal sheet (17) disposed at the lower step and burns with the same system.
Side view of the burning unit, which functions with the waterless system and wherein the stationary sliding bearing comprises tubular system water conduits and the mobile sliding bearing is made of ceramics, is given in Figure 9. The stationary sliding bearing may be made of heat resistant metal sheet and may also preferably be made of single piece heat resistant materials such as ceramics, fire cement and refractories. The solid waste which begins to burn falls down from the stationary sliding bearing with tubular system water conduits (15) to the mobile sliding bearing made of ceramics (18) disposed at the lower step and continues burning.
Perspective view of a wet system burning unit with one row comprising stationary and mobile sliding bearings with tubular system water conduits is provided in Figure 6. Arrangement of stationary and mobile bearings in steps can also preferably be in more than one row as well as in one row.
Perspective view of the burning unit comprising two rows wherein the stationary sliding bearing comprises tubular system water conduits and the mobile sliding bearing is made of ceramics is given in Figure 10.
The angle brackets (19) provided at the lower corners of the mobile sliding bearings serve as the bearings providing the reciprocating movement. In Figure 11 5 position of the angle bracket (19) is illustrated in detail A.
Where there is not provided a hydraulic service system, a reducer can be employed in place of a piston functioning as the pusher. In Figure 12, a fuel
pushing reducer (20) and a mobile sliding bearing pushing reducer (21) are illustrated.
In the waterless system, the mobile and stationary bearings can preferably be made of ceramics or metal.
As the stationary and mobile sliding bearings have flat surfaces, preferably their edges can be curved upwards or the entire bearing may be curved. Perspective views of the sliding bearing with tubular system water conduits, of the sliding bearing made of ceramics, of the heat resistant metal sheet with curved edges are provided in Figure 13, 14 and 15, respectively. In Figure 16 is given the perspective view of the sliding bearing with tubular system water conduits which is curved upwards as a whole.
Side view of a wet system solid waste burning unit within the boiler is given in Figure 17. The smoke travels through the flues (22) and leaves from the chimney (23). Hot water joins the system through the hot water discharge flange (24).
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