TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a smart breath training apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to a control unit for controllably operating a breathing unit of the breath training apparatus.

BACKGROUND

This section is intended to provide information relating to the field of the invention and thus any approach or functionality described below should not be assumed to be qualified as prior art merely by its inclusion in this section.

Various diseases are known these days, for example, migraine, epilepsy, febrile seizures, asthma, vascular disease, COPD, headache, sleep apnea, pneumonia, which can be treated with breath trainings/exercises. One example for treating the aforementioned diseases is by hyper-capnic breath training/exercise. Such hyper-capnic breath trainings/exercises include supplying inhalation air with the varied amount of carbon dioxide (C0 ₂ ) concentration and the varied amount of oxygen (0 ₂ ) concentration. It is very commonly known that such breath trainings/exercises, by supplying inhalation air with the varied amount of C0 ₂ concentration and the varied amount of 0 ₂ concentration, imparts therapeutic effects to the user, particularly, while treating aforementioned diseases. Alternatively, such breath trainings/exercises of supplying inhalation air with the varied amount of carbon dioxide (C0 ₂ ) concentration and the varied amount of oxygen (0 ₂ ) concentration are also used by athletes and health & fitness enthusiasts for imparting training effects of increased physical stamina, physical strength, energy, mental focus, relaxation and the like. A breath training apparatus is commonly known to enable such breath trainings/exercises, i.e. to supply inhalation air with the varied amount of C0 ₂ concentration and the varied amount of 0 ₂ concentration.

The breath training apparatus supplies inhalation air, wherein the C0 ₂ concentration and the 0 ₂ concentration within the inhalation air can be adjusted. Commonly, the breath training apparatus is similar to a ventilator system. The breath training apparatus comprises of an 0 ₂ supply unit, a C0 ₂ supply unit, a mixing unit fluidly connected to each of the 0 ₂ supply unit and the C0 ₂ supply unit, a mask unit fluidly connected to the mixing unit. The mixing unit receives a controlled amount of 0 ₂ from the 0 ₂ supply unit, receives a controlled amount of C0 ₂ from C0 ₂ supply unit, and receives an amount of ambient air from external environment through small orifices. The mixing unit further mixes the controlled amount of 0 ₂ concentration, the controlled amount of

C0 ₂ concentration, and the amount of ambient air, to provide the mixture as inhalation air. Notably, the ambient air is received within the mixing unit through the small orifices, due to negative pressure generated by inhalation of the user. However, it may be noted that the ambient air may also include defined amount of C0 ₂ concentration and the 0 ₂ concentration, and accordingly the actual C0 ₂ concentration and the actual 0 ₂ concentration of the inhalation air is different from the user-defined concentration of C0 ₂ and the user-defined concentration of 0 ₂ supplied by the C0 ₂ supply unit and the 0 ₂ supply unit, respectively. In such conventionally known breath training apparatuses, it is difficult for a user to refill and replenish the C0 ₂ supply unit with fresh C0 ₂ . Additionally, in such conventional breath training apparatuses, as the ambient air is received through small orifices positioned at the air inlet, it increases an air resistance while breathing, which forces diaphragm of user to function in an unnaturally forceful way, leading to poor simulation of actual climatic conditions. Moreover, in the conventionally known breath training apparatuses, it is difficult for the user to achieve precise control of the C0 ₂ concentration and the 0 ₂ concentration within the inhalation air. Another example of the breath training apparatus includes a rebreathing device that may be used to provide an ongoing supply of inhalation air with an increased amount of C0 ₂ concentration and a low amount of 0 ₂ concentration, without use of pressurized tanks (C0 ₂ supply unit and 0 ₂ supply unit). Many of these rebreathing devices are not able to provide inhalation air at a sufficiently increased amount of at least 5% C0 ₂ concentration (as used in the common form of Carbogen air mixture) or the increased amount of at least 8% C0 ₂ concentration for increased level training by athletes and health & fitness enthusiasts. These rebreathing devices commonly also provide extra airflow resistance to the airflow of user, either as an unintended side-effect or as a therapeutic or training effect, for example by forcing the breathing airflow of user through a narrow air passage or through pipes which contain some form of moveable or variable obstruction, or by employing an air mixing unit using small airflow orifices, or by receiving the users exhalation airflow into an expandable bag or balloon. All these provide a noticeable resistive effect on the smoothness of the users breathing airflow, which forces the diaphragm of user to function in an unnaturally forceful way. Also, the rebreathing devices commonly use a bag or a closed compartment with flexible walls or a fixed compartment with small orifices to contain the exhaled air, which is then provided back to the user in the next inhalation. These bags or compartments become very moist inside after a few minutes, which promotes bacterial growth and are difficult to dry out and be cleaned due to their closed nature.

Moreover, in the conventionally known breath training apparatuses, it is difficult for the user to achieve precise control of the CO2 concentration and the O2 concentration within the inhalation air, where there is no need to connect a pressurized tank containing either CO2 or O2, where the breath training apparatus also is capable of providing inhalation air with substantially high level of CO2 concentration, and wherein the breath training apparatus minimizes extra airflow resistance in the breathing experience of the user and prevents bacterial growth within the apparatus by drying out quickly and naturally after use and where the apparatus is also very easy to clean.

PCT patent numbered WO 2006/107117 A1 (hereinafter referred to as WO'117 patent application), discloses a rebreathing device for increasing the level of CO2 concentration in the inhalation air by using a simple pipe shape. Although, it is disclosed that the rebreathing device minimizes extra airflow resistance to the breathing airflow giving the user a relatively natural breathing experience, however the device is unable to reach high levels of CO2 concentration in the inhalation air, due to its low capacities. The device also fails to disclose any method to precisely determine the CO2 concentration and/or the O2 concentration within the inhalation air, and also fails to disclose any method to precisely control the CO2 concentration and/or the O2 concentration within the inhalation air.

United States Patent numbered US 2019/0351161 A1 (hereinafter referred to as US'161 patent application), discloses a breathing device for increasing the level of CO2 (i.e. CO2 concentration) in the inhalation air, using a flexible breathing chamber such as a bag. The US'161 patent application discloses a mouthpiece being configured for a user breathing into the mouthpiece through a breathing opening, and at least partly flexible rebreathing air chamber (preferably cuboidal shaped) fluidly connected to the mouthpiece, wherein the rebreathing air chamber has a first wall section being gas permeable through either of a plurality of pores or through going openings for fluid communication with surrounding atmosphere. Such breathing device employs exhaled air in exhalation cycle to be used as inhalation air in next inhalation cycle with increased C0 ₂ concentrations. Further, a C0 ₂ sensing unit is also provided to monitor C0 ₂ concentration in exhaled air and/or inhalation air, for raising an alarm as the C0 ₂ concentration reaches beyond acceptable limits. Although, the present disclosure discloses usage of at least a portion of exhaled air in one exhalation cycle to be used as inhalation air in next inhalation cycle for increased C0 ₂ concentration in the inhalation air, however, the present disclosure at least fails to disclose a control system for precisely controlling C0 ₂ concentration provided in the inhalation air. Moreover, as the present disclosure discloses usage of a bag as a flexible breathing chamber within which the user exhales and inhales, it results in imparting a relatively artificial breathing simulation to the user, thereby resulting in harder and unnatural breathing experience to the user. Additionally, such usage of such flexible breathing chamber employing a bag for the purpose, are prone to get moist quickly, resulting in increased bacteria growth therein, and is thus also relatively difficult to clean. The breathing device disclosed herein also fails to disclose any system/method to increase/vary the 02 concentration in the inhalation air.

European Patent numbered EP2338575 A1 (hereinafter referred to as EP'575 patent application), discloses a respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) device that includes: a patient interface for transferring a patient's exhaled or inhaled gases; a fixed volume chamber in communication with the patient interface to retain a portion of a patient's exhaled gases; a variable volume chamber in communication with the fixed volume chamber to be responsive to the patient's exhaled or inhaled gases to move from a first position to a second position, wherein the variable volume chamber is a rebreathing bag, preferable of 1 to 2 I in volume; and a variable orifice adjustable for permitting a portion of exhaled air to escape to the ambient air during exhalation and receiving a supply of fresh air during inhalation. Thus, the device is capable of increasing C0 ₂ concentration therein. Additionally, the respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) device employs a patient interface, wherein a C0 ₂ sensor coupled to a chamber to provide the user or caregiver with indicia about the C0 ₂ level. Although, the present disclosure discloses the device capable of providing inhalation air with increased C0 ₂ concentration, however, the present disclosure fails to disclose a control system for precisely controlling C0 ₂ concentration provided in the inhalation air. Moreover, as the present disclosure discloses usage of a rebreathing bag as a variable volume chamber within which the user exhales and/or inhales, it results in imparting a relatively artificial breathing simulation to the user, thereby resulting in harder and unnatural breathing experience to the user. Additionally, such usage of such variable volume chamber employing a bag for the purpose, are prone to get moist quickly, resulting in increased bacteria growth therein, and is thus also relatively difficult to clean. The RMET disclosed herein also fails to disclose any system/method to increase/vary the 02 concentration in the inhalation air.

In addition to aforementioned drawbacks of the breath training apparatuses, there is a well felt need of the breath training apparatus that can provide inhalation air with precise control of CO ₂ concentration and the 0 ₂ concentration within the inhalation air.

SUMMARY

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a breath training apparatus, comprising a breathing unit, at least one C0 ₂ modulation unit, and a control unit. The breathing unit defines an air inlet, an air outlet, and an enrichment airflow pathway therebetween. The breathing unit is adapted to: receive exhaled air from a user in at least one exhalation pass through the air inlet; enable a portion of air in the enrichment airflow pathway to vent through the air outlet, such that the remaining air in the enrichment airflow pathway mixes with the exhaled air to be enriched in CO ₂ concentration, and release at least a portion of the enriched air through the air inlet for inhalation in subsequent inhalation pass to the user. The at least one CO ₂ modulation unit is coupled to the breathing unit for modulating the C0 ₂ concentration in the enriched air, such that a controlled manipulation of the at least one CO ₂ modulation unit corresponds to a control of CO ₂ concentration within the enrichment airflow pathway of the breathing unit. The control unit comprises at least one CO ₂ actuator, a CO ₂ sensor, and a controller. The at least one CO ₂ actuator controllably manipulates the at least one CO ₂ modulation unit to control the CO ₂ concentration within the enrichment airflow pathway of the breathing unit. The CO ₂ sensor generates signals corresponding to CO ₂ concentration of the enriched air within the enrichment airflow pathway of the breathing unit. The controller is adapted to: receive the CO ₂ signals corresponding to CO ₂ concentration within the enrichment airflow pathway from the CO ₂ sensor, compare the CO ₂ concentration with a defined CO ₂ concentration; and correspondingly control the at least one C0 ₂ actuator for controlled manipulation of the at least one C0 ₂ modulation unit, such that the controlled manipulation of the at least one CO ₂ modulation unit adjust the CO ₂ concentration within the enrichment airflow pathway at least substantially equivalent to the defined CO ₂ concentration.

Another object of the present disclosure relates to a method for automatically controlling a breath training apparatus. The method initiates with receiving, by an air inlet of a breathing unit, an exhaled air from a user in at least one exhalation pass. Thereafter, the method proceeds to enable, by the breathing unit, at least a portion of air in the enrichment airflow pathway to vent through the air outlet, such that the remaining air in the enrichment airflow pathway mixes with the exhaled air to be enriched in CO2 concentration. Further, the method proceeds to release, by the air inlet of the breathing unit, at least a portion of the enriched air for inhalation in subsequent inhalation pass to the user. Thereafter, C0 ₂ signals are generated by a C0 ₂ sensor, corresponding to C0 ₂ concentration of the enriched air within the enrichment airflow pathway of the breathing unit. Upon generating the C0 ₂ signals, a controller receives the C0 ₂ signals. Thereafter, a defined C0 ₂ concentration from a user is received by the I/O unit. Thereafter, the controller compares the C0 ₂ concentration based on the C0 ₂ signals with the defined C0 ₂ concentration. Finally, the controller controls the at least one C0 ₂ actuator for controlled manipulation of the at least one C0 ₂ modulation unit, such that the controlled manipulation of the at least one C0 ₂ modulation unit adjust the C0 ₂ concentration within the enrichment airflow pathway at least substantially equivalent to the defined C0 ₂ concentration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS The present invention, both as to its organization and manner of operation, together with further objects and advantages, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. These and other details of the present invention will be described in connection with the accompanying drawings, which are furnished only by way of illustration and not in limitation of the invention, and in which drawings: Figure la shows a side sectional view of a breath training apparatus, illustrating various component of the breath training apparatus, in accordance with the concepts of a first embodiment the present disclosure.

Figure lb shows a perspective view of the sectional view of a breath training apparatus, illustrating various component of the breath training apparatus, in accordance with the concepts of a second embodiment the present disclosure.

Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the breath training apparatus, illustrating a second C0 ₂ modulation unit in a retracted position, in accordance with the concepts of the first embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the breath training apparatus, illustrating a second C0 ₂ modulation unit in an extended position, in accordance with the concepts of the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a portion of the breath training apparatus, illustrating an 02 modulation unit, in accordance with the concepts of the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the breath training apparatus, illustrating an arrangement of a cocoon-type mask unit, in accordance with the concepts of a third embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 6 shows a flowchart of a method of controlling the breathing unit of the breath training apparatus, in accordance with the concepts of the first embodiment of the present disclosure

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address any of the problems discussed above or might address only one of the problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein. Example embodiments of the present invention are described below, as illustrated in various drawings in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings.

Unless otherwise stated, the terms "include" and "comprise" (and variations thereof such as "including", "includes", "comprising", "comprises", "comprised" and the like) are used inclusively and do not exclude further features, components, integers, steps or elements. Figure la shows a side sectional view of a breath training apparatus [100], illustrating various component of the breath training apparatus [100], in accordance with the concepts of the first embodiment of present disclosure. Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the breath training apparatus [100], illustrating a second C0 ₂ modulation unit in a retracted position, in accordance with the concepts of the first embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the breath training apparatus [100], illustrating a second C0 ₂ modulation unit in an extended position, in accordance with the concepts of the present disclosure. Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a portion of the breath training apparatus [100], illustrating an 02 modulation unit, in accordance with the concepts of the first embodiment of the present disclosure. Figures la, 2, 3, and 4 should be referred to in conjunction with each other to clearly understand a scope of the present disclosure. The breath training apparatus [100] is adapted to provide inhalation air with increased C0 ₂ concentration while lowering, maintaining, or increasing the 0 ₂ concentration, such that inhalation air comprises of a mixture of at least a portion of exhaled air and ambient air. As is understood to a person ordinarily skilled in the art that the 0 ₂ concentration can be either lowered, maintained, or increased, concepts of the present disclosure hereinafter will be described as the 0 ₂ concentration been increased along with increase of the C02 concentration. Moreover, the breath training apparatus [100] is adapted to provide inhalation air, wherein C0 ₂ concentration and 0 ₂ concentration within the inhalation air can be precisely controlled, such that the breath training apparatus [100] can be efficiently used for breath training purposes. The breath training apparatus [100] includes a breathing unit [102], a mask unit [104], at least one

C0 ₂ modulation unit [106 108], an 02 supply unit (not shown), an 0 ₂ modulation unit [110], and a control unit [112]

The breathing unit [102] is fluidly connected to a mouth and/or nose of a user via the mask unit [104], and is suitably structured and arranged to perform the following: receive exhaled air from the user in at least one exhalation pass; enable a portion of air within the breathing unit to vent, such that the remaining air in the breathing unit [102] mixes with the exhaled air to be enriched in C0 ₂ concentration; and release at least a portion of the enriched air as inhalation air, for inhalation in subsequent inhalation pass to the user. As the enriched air is used for inhalation, the enriched air will be interchangeably referred to as inhalation air in forthcoming disclosure. A structure and arrangement of the breathing unit [102] for performing the aforementioned function will be described in details hereinafter. The breathing unit [102] includes at least partially enclosed housing unit [102d] that defines an air inlet [102a], an air outlet [102b], and an enrichment pathway [102c] defined between the air inlet [102a] and the air outlet [102b] The enrichment pathway [102c] has a defined trajectory. In a first embodiment (not shown) of the breathing unit [102], the housing unit [102d] is a cylindrical housing unit that defines the air inlet [102a] and the air outlet [102b] at opposite ends, and defines the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] with a straight trajectory defined between the air inlet [102a] and the air outlet [102b] In a second embodiment of the breathing unit [102], as is shown in Fig. la, the housing unit [102d] is an enclosed cuboidal structure supporting at least one baffle plate structures therein, such that the air inlet [102a] and the air outlet [102b] are defined at two open ends, while the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] has a curved trajectory defining one (1) turn between the air inlet [102a] and the air outlet [102b] In this embodiment, the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] may include one turn in the curved trajectory, defining two airflow pathways fluidly connected to each other. In yet another third embodiment of the breathing unit [102], as is shown in Fig. lb, the housing unit [102d] is an enclosed structure supporting at least one baffle plate structures therein, such that the air inlet [102a] and the air outlet [102b] are defined at two open ends, while the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] has a curved trajectory defining two turns between the air inlet [102a] and the air outlet [102a] In yet another embodiment of the breathing unit [102], the housing unit [102d] is an enclosed structure supporting two baffle plate structures therein, such that the air inlet [102a] and the air outlet [102b] are defined at two open ends, while the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] has a curved trajectory defining five turns between the air inlet [102a] and the air outlet [102b] Each of the aforementioned embodiments are within a scope of the present disclosure, and is not described in details herein for the sake of brevity. It may be appreciated by a person ordinarily skilled in the art that the number of turns defined by the curved trajectory between the air inlet [102a] and the air outlet [102b], does not limit a scope of the invention, and any number of turns can be defined by the curved trajectory between the air inlet [102a] and the air outlet [102b] The embodiment of the breathing unit [102], as shown in fig. la, wherein the housing unit [102d] is structured and arranged, such that the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] includes the curved trajectory with one turn, is shown and described in details in the present disclosure. In the preferred second embodiment of the breathing unit [102], the housing unit [102d] is a cuboidal structure that supports a baffle plate structure therein, such that the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] defines the one (1) turn therein, and is entirely defined between the air inlet [102a] and the air outlet [102b] It may be noted that the housing unit [102d] is suitably structured, such that the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] has a volume (or capacity) in a range of 2.5 to 35 liters, preferably in a range of 5 to 15 liters. Such a volume (or capacity) of the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] is equal and/or significantly above a vital capacity of an average userto achieve higher level of CO2 concentration in the inhalation air. The breathing unit [102] is capable of imparting the breath training to the user without causing much air resistance during the training process. Additionally, to achieve low airflow resistance and a high level of CO2 concentration within the inhalation air, at least a width of the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] in a range of 6 cm to 17 cm, preferably in a range of 9 cm to 12.5 cm. The mask unit [104] is installed over at least a portion of mouth and/or nose of user and is fluidly connected to the air inlet [102a] of the breathing unit [102] to: transfer exhaled air from the user to the breathing unit [102] during exhalation passes, and transfer inhalation air from the breathing unit [102] to the user during inhalation passes. In one embodiment, the mask unit [104] is a conventional mask unit comprising of a mask covering mouth and/or nose of a user, and a fluid connection pipe in communication with the mask and also fluidly connected to the air inlet [102a] of the breathing unit [102] Thus, the embodiment of conventional mask unit [104] enables: transfer of exhaled air from the user to the breathing unit [102] during exhalation passes, and transfer of inhalation air from the breathing unit [102] to the user during inhalation passes. In another embodiment, as shown in Fig. 5, the mask unit [104] is a tent unit or a cocoon unit [104] with at least one opening, and a pipe connection in fluid communication with the tent unit or a cocoon unit and also fluidly connected to the air inlet [102a] of the breathing unit [102] Thus, the embodiment of tent-type mask unit [104] enables: transfer of exhaled airfrom the user to the breathing unit [102] during exhalation passes, and transfer of inhalation air from the breathing unit [102] to the user during inhalation passes. In yet another embodiment, the mask unit [104] is a helmet-type unit housing at least a head of a user, in fluid communication with the air inlet [102a] of the breathing unit [102] Thus, the embodiment of helmet-type mask unit [104] enables: transfer of exhaled air from the user to the breathing unit [102] during exhalation passes, and transfer of inhalation air from the breathing unit [102] to the user during inhalation passes. In applications, the breathing unit [102] is adapted to: receive exhaled air from a user in at least one exhalation pass through the air inlet [102a]; enable a portion of air in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] to vent through the air outlet [102b], such that the remaining air in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] mixes with the exhaled air to be enriched in CO2 concentration; and release at least a portion of the enriched air through the air inlet [102a] for inhalation in subsequent inhalation pass to the user. In an exemplary embodiment, in a first exhalation pass, a user may exhale air to the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] through the air inlet [102a] of the breath training unit [102] Such exhalation of air into the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] enables pushing of at least a portion of the air already present in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] to vent through the air outlet [102b], to ambient environment, and the remaining air in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] mixes with the exhaled air. Notably, a mixture of exhaled air and ambient air is guided along the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] as it flows back and forth due to the forces of natural airflow (subsequent inhalation and exhalation) caused by a breathing of the user. With such mixing of the exhaled air with the remaining portion of the air already present in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c], the air is enriched in the CO2 concentration. For example, the enriched air has 1% CO2 concentration. Thereafter, in a subsequent first inhalation pass, the enriched air is available as inhalation air containing 1% C0 ₂ concentration to be inhaled by the user. Further, in a second exhalation pass, the enriched air is further similarly enriched, to increase the C0 ₂ concentration, for example to 2% C0 ₂ concentration. Subsequently, in a second inhalation pass, the enriched air, for example with 2% C0 ₂ concentration, is available for inhalation to the user. It may be noted that the C0 ₂ concentration in the enriched air is increased to a maximum CO2 concentration, depending on a maximum volume of the enrichment airflow pathway [102c], and accordingly, the maximum C0 ₂ concentration of the enriched air is kept within limits.

The at least one CO2 modulation unit [106, 108] is installed to modulate the CO2 concentration within the enriched air available as inhalation air in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] The at least one C0 ₂ modulation unit [106, 108] is coupled to the breathing unit [102] for modulating the CO2 concentration in the enriched air, such that a controlled manipulation of the at least one CO2 modulation unit [106, 108] corresponds to a control of CO2 concentration within the enrichment airflow pathway of the breathing unit [102] In the present embodiment, the at least one C0 ₂ modulation unit [106, 108] includes two C0 ₂ modulation units, namely a first CO2 modulation unit [106] and a second CO2 modulation unit [108] The first CO2 modulation unit [106] is rotary valve with a closable opening defined in the housing unit [102d], positioned proximal to the air inlet [102a] of the breathing unit [102] The first CO2 modulation [106] enables a (additional) shorter controlled fluid communication of the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] with the ambient air in external environment, which enables the exhaled air to at least partially bypass the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] Notably, an amount of opening defined by the rotary valve to the external environment, defines the amount of CO2 concentration in the exhaled air disposed in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] Accordingly, the first CO2 modulation unit can be controllably manipulated, by controlling the amount of opening defined by the rotary valve, for controlling the C0 ₂ concentration within the enrichment air disposed in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] Although, the present disclosure describes the first C0 ₂ modulation unit [106] as the rotary valve, it may be obvious to a person ordinarily skilled in the art that the first C0 ₂ modulation unit [106] may include any of a sliding valve, a door mechanism, and/or any other similar mechanism that enables controlled fluid communication of the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] with the ambient air in external environment.

The second C0 ₂ modulation unit [108] is a combination of one or more secondary housing units [108a] telescopically extending from the housing unit [102d] of the breathing unit [102] A controlled telescopic extension and/or retraction of the one or more secondary housing units [108a] relative to the housing unit [102d], enlarges and/or contracts the enrichment airflow pathway [102c], thereby decreasing/ increasing the amount of C0 ₂ concentration in the exhaled air disposed in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] Accordingly, the second C0 ₂ modulation unit [108] can be controllably manipulated, by controllably extending/ retracting the one or more secondary housing units [108a], for controlling the C0 ₂ concentration within the enrichment air disposed in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102]

Furthermore, as the C0 ₂ concentration within the enrichment air (or inhalation air) is increased, the 0 ₂ concentration within the enrichment air may be reduced. Accordingly, the 0 ₂ concentration within the enrichment air is also required to be controlled by the breath training apparatus [100], disclosed herein. Therefore, the breath training apparatus [100] employs the 0 ₂ supply unit and the 0 ₂ modulation unit [110], for controlling the 0 ₂ concentration within the inhalation air disposed in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102]

The 0 ₂ supply unit is fluidly communicated with the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] through an 0 ₂ connection point [110a], to supply 0 ₂ within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102], for controllably enriching the enriched air with 0 ₂ concentration. The 0 ₂ supply unit is an oxygen concentrator or another type of oxygen supply system that supplies 0 ₂ when required. It may be noted that the 0 ₂ supply unit is an external supportive 0 ₂ supply unit, and thus is interchangeably referred to as the 0 ₂ supply unit and the external 0 ₂ supply unit, hereinafter. Furthermore, the 0 ₂ modulation unit [110] is provided to control the 0 ₂ concentration in the enriched air (or inhalation air) disposed in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] The 0 ₂ modulation unit [110] is an 0 ₂ rotary valve with a closeable opening defined within the fluid communication between the 0 ₂ supply unit and the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102], such that the 0 ₂ modulation unit [110] vents a portion of the 0 ₂ received from 0 ₂ supply unit to external environment through an 0 ₂ vent hole [110b] Remaining portion of the 0 ₂ received from 0 ₂ supply unit is guided to the exhaled air disposed in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] through an 0 ₂ entry hole [110c] Notably, an amount of opening of the 0 ₂ rotary valve to the external environment, defines the amount of 0 ₂ concentration in the exhaled air disposed in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] Accordingly, the 0 ₂ modulation unit [110] can be controllably manipulated, by controlling the amount of opening of 0 ₂ rotary valve, for controlling the 0 ₂ concentration within the enrichment air disposed in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] Although, the present disclosure describes the 0 ₂ modulation unit [110] as the 0 ₂ rotary valve, it may be obvious to a person ordinarily skilled in the art that the 0 ₂ modulation unit [110] may include any of a sliding valve, a door mechanism, and/or any other similar mechanism that enables venting of a portion of the 0 ₂ received from 0 ₂ supply unit to external environment.

The control unit [112] is provided for precise control of the C0 ₂ concentration and the 0 ₂ concentration in the enriched air in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] The control unit [112] includes at least one C0 ₂ actuator [112a, 112b], an 0 ₂ actuator [112c], a C0 ₂ sensor [112d], an 0 ₂ sensor [112e], one or more physiological parameter sensor, at least one air parameter sensor [112f], an input/output (I/O unit) [114], and a controller [112g]

The at least one C0 ₂ actuator [112a, 112b] is provided to controllably manipulate the at least one C0 ₂ modulation unit, to control the C0 ₂ concentration within the enrichment airflow pathway of the breathing unit. The at least one C0 ₂ actuator [112a, 112b] includes a first C0 ₂ actuator [112a] and a second C0 ₂ actuator [112b] The first C0 ₂ actuator [112a] is a motor coupled to the rotary valve of the first C0 ₂ modulation unit. The first C0 ₂ actuator [112a] is adapted to controllably manipulate the rotary valve and control the opening defined by the rotary valve in the first C0 ₂ modulation unit [106], for correspondingly controlling the C0 ₂ concentration within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] Examples of the motor may include, but is not limited to a stepper motor, an induction motor, a 2-phase motor, a 3-phase motor, a servo motor, and the like. The second C0 ₂ actuator [112b] includes one or more linearly extendable/retractable electrically actuated cylinders coupled to the one or more secondary housing units [108a] of the second C0 ₂ modulation unit [108] The second C0 ₂ actuator [112b] is adapted to controllably manipulate the second C0 ₂ modulation unit [108], for controlled extension/retraction of the one or more secondary housing units [108a] of the second C0 ₂ modulation unit [108], for correspondingly controlling the C0 ₂ concentration within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] Although, the present disclosure describes the second C0 ₂ actuator [112b] for controllably manipulating the second C0 ₂ modulation unit [108], it may be obvious to a person ordinarily skilled in the art that the second C0 ₂ modulation unit [108] can also be manually manipulated.

The 0 ₂ actuator [112c] is provided to controllably manipulate the at least one 0 ₂ modulation unit [110], to control the 0 ₂ concentration within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] The 0 ₂ actuator [112c] is a motor coupled to the 0 ₂ rotary valve of the 0 ₂ modulation unit [110]. The 0 ₂ actuator [112c] is adapted to controllably manipulate the 0 ₂ rotary valve and control the opening defined by the 0 ₂ rotary valve in the 0 ₂ modulation unit [110], for correspondingly controlling the 0 ₂ concentration within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] Examples of the motor may include, but is not limited to a stepper motor, an induction motor, a 2-phase motor, a 3-phase motor, a servo motor, and the like.

The C0 ₂ sensor [112d] is provided to generate signals corresponding to C0 ₂ concentration of the enriched air within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] In one embodiment, the C0 ₂ sensor [112d] is a C0 ₂ level sensor that directly determines the C0 ₂ concentration in the enriched air disposed within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] In the embodiment of the C0 ₂ sensor [112d] deployed as the C0 ₂ level sensor, the C0 ₂ sensor [112d] includes an air receiving tube positioned opposite to a direction of inhalation of the enriched air for receiving at least a portion of the enriched inhalation air, to further determine the C0 ₂ concentration in the enriched air inhaled during inhalation pass. In another embodiment, the C0 ₂ sensor [112d] is either of an air pressure sensor and an air flow sensor that determines the air pressure and the air flow, respectively, of the enriched air disposed within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c], to indirectly determine the C0 ₂ concentration in the enriched air disposed within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] Further, the C0 ₂ sensor [112d] is adapted to generate a signal corresponding to the C0 ₂ concentration in the enriched air disposed within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] For example, a strength of the signal generated by the CO2 sensor [112d] determines the CO2 concentration in the enriched air disposed within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102]

Similar to the CO2 sensor [112d], the O2 sensor [112e] is provided to generate signals corresponding to 0 ₂ concentration of the enriched air within the enrichment airflow pathway

[102c] of the breathing unit [102] The O2 sensor [112e] is an O2 level sensor that directly determines the CO2 concentration in the enriched air disposed within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] The O2 sensor [112e] includes an air receiving tube positioned opposite to a direction of inhalation of the enriched air for receiving at least a portion of the enriched inhalation air, to further determine the O2 concentration in the enriched air inhaled during inhalation pass. Further, the O2 sensor [112e] is adapted to generate a signal corresponding to the O2 concentration in the enriched air disposed within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] For example, a strength of the signal generated by the O2 sensor [112e] determines the O2 concentration in the enriched air disposed within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102]

The one or more real-time physiological sensors is connected to a user, and is adapted to determine one or more real-time physiological parameters related to a user. Real-time refers to actual values at point of time. The real-time physiological parameter of the user may include, but is not limited to, a real-time heart rate, a real-time exhaled airflow pressure, a real-time exhaled airflow volume, a real-time inhaled airflow pressure, a real-time inhaled airflow volume, a real time breathing minute volume, a real-time SpC>2 level, and a real-time HRV level.

The at least one air parameter sensor [112f] of the control unit determines one or more real-time physical properties of one or more of ambient air and enriched air within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] The one or more real-time physical properties includes, but is not limited to, a real-time air pressure, a real-time humidity content, a real-time temperature, and/or the like, of the one or more of ambient air and enriched air within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c]

The Input-output (I/O) unit [114] is a display unit provided to one or more of receive input from a user, and/or display values to the user. In one embodiment, the I/O unit [114] is adapted to directly receive a user input corresponding to the defined C0 ₂ concentration and the defined 0 ₂ concentration. In another embodiment, the I/O unit [114] is adapted to receive a user input corresponding to a goal physiological parameter of the user. 'Goal' herein refers to the targeted (to be achieved) parameters. The goal physiological parameter of the user may include, but is not limited to, a goal heart rate, a goal exhaled airflow pressure, a goal exhaled airflow volume, a goal inhaled airflow pressure, a goal inhaled airflow volume, a goal breathing minute volume, a goal SpC>2 level, and a goal HRV level. In the embodiment of the I/O unit [114] receiving the goal physiological parameters from the user, the control unit [112] deploy an algorithm and/or artificial intelligence unit, to perform calculations on the goal physiological parameters to determine a calculated CO2 concentration and a calculated O2 concentration, which correspond to the defined CO2 concentration and the defined O2 concentration.

The controller [112g] is in communication with each of the at least one C0 ₂ actuator [112a, 112b], the O2 actuator [112c], the CO2 sensor [112d], the O2 sensor [112e], the one or more physiological parameter sensors, and the at least one air parameter sensor [112f] The controller [112g] is adapted to: receive the CO2 signals corresponding to CO2 concentration in the enriched air from the C0 ₂ sensor [112d]; receive 0 ₂ signals corresponding to 0 ₂ concentration in the enriched air from the O2 sensor [112e]; receive the defined CO2 concentration and the defined O2 concentration received from the user at the I/O unit [114]; compare the C0 ₂ concentration and the O2 concentration in the enriched air with the defined CO2 concentration and the defined O2 concentration; and correspondingly control the at least one CO2 actuator [112a, 112b] and the 0 ₂ actuator [112c], for controlled manipulation of the at least one CO2 modulation unit [106, 108] and the 0 ₂ modulation unit [110] The controlled manipulation of the at least one C0 ₂ modulation unit [106, 108] and the O2 modulation unit [110] adjust the CO2 concentration and the O2 concentration in the enriched air disposed within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] at least substantially equivalent to the defined CO2 concentration and the O2 concentration. Examples of the controller [112g] may include, any of, an 8081 microcontroller, an 8085 microcontroller, an 8051 microcontroller, a microprocessor, and/or the like. Figure 6 shows a flowchart of a method of controlling the breathing unit [102] of the breath training apparatus [100], in accordance with the concepts of the first embodiment of the present disclosure. The method initiates at step [202]

At step [202], a user initiates inhalation and/or exhalation. Such step includes various sub-steps as defined herein. At a first sub-step, the user exhales an exhaled air in at least one exhalation pass, which is received through an air inlet of the breathing unit [102], into the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] Thereafter, at a second sub-step, the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] enables, at least a portion of air in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] to vent through the air outlet [102b], such that the remaining air in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] mixes with the exhaled air to be enriched in CO2 concentration. Thereafter, at a third sub-step, the user inhales the enriched air in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] in subsequent inhalation pass, which is released through the air inlet [102a] for inhalation to the user. Thereafter, the method proceeds to step [204]

At step [204], the at least one CO2 sensors [112d] generate CO2 signals, corresponding to CO2 concentration of the enriched air within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] Concurrently, the O2 sensor [112e] generate O2 signals, corresponding to O2 concentration of the enriched air within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] of the breathing unit [102] The method then proceeds to step [206]

At step [206], the I/O unit receives a user input corresponding to the defined C02 concentration and the defined 02 concentration from the user. The method then proceeds to step [208] At step [208], the controller [112g] receives: the CO2 signals from the at least one CO2 sensors [112d], the O2 signals from the O2 sensor [112e], and the defined C02 concentration and the defined 02 concentration from the I/O unit. The method then proceeds to step [210]

At step [210], the controller [112g] compares the CO2 concentration and O2 concentration received as the C0 ₂ signal and the 0 ₂ signal, with the defined C0 ₂ concentration and the defined O2 concentration. The method then proceeds to step [212]

At step [212], the controller controls the at least one CO2 actuator [112a, 112b] and the O2 actuator [112c], for controlled manipulation of the at least one CO2 modulation unit [106, 108] and the 0 ₂ modulation unit [110] The controlled manipulation of the at least one C0 ₂ modulation unit [106, 108] adjust the CO2 concentration and the O2 concentration of the enriched air within the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] at least substantially equivalent to the defined CO2 concentration and the defined CO2 concentration, respectively.

Various advantages of the breath training apparatus [100], as disclosed in the present disclosure, are useful and beneficial used for breath trainings/exercises. For example, the breath training apparatus [100], as disclosed in the present disclosure, includes a large diameter (or large width) cuboidal housing unit (avoiding small orifices), for receiving ambient air and exhaled air, which are mixed together for providing inhalation air with increased C0 ₂ concentration and increased 0 ₂ concentration. Usage of such large diameter (or large width) cuboidal-shaped housing unit [102d] enables relatively easy inhalation and exhalation of the user by reducing air resistance, during breath training exercises. Additionally, this increases relatively natural simulation of breathing, during breath training exercises. Moreover, the control unit [112] for the breathing unit [102] employs the C0 ₂ sensor [112d], the at least one CO2 actuator [112a, 112b], and the controller [112g], such that the controller [112g] suitably manipulates the at least one CO2 actuator [112a, 112b] based on signals from the CO2 sensor[112d], to adjust the CO2 concentration within the enriched air in the enrichment airflow pathway [102c] As the control unit [112] operates on an electrically controlled units, it provides precise control of the CO2 concentration within the inhalation air. Moreover, the housing unit [102d] of the breathing unit [102], as part of the disclosed breath training apparatus [100], has a volume in a range of 2.5 to 35 liters, preferably in a range of 5 to 15 liters. This volume capacity is equal to or substantially above the vital capacity of the user. Accordingly, the breath training apparatus [100], as disclosed in the present disclosure, is adaptable to be adjusted to a varied amount of the C0 ₂ concentration within the inhalation air available for breathing during inhalation pass, based on user's requirements and user's vital capacity.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described hereinabove, it should be understood that various changes, adaptations, and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims. It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive.

List of Components: 100- Breath Training Apparatus

102 - Breathing Unit 102a - Air Inlet

102b - Air outlet

102c - Enrichment Pathway 102d - Housing Unit

104 - Mask Unit 106 - First CO2 modulation unit 108 - Second CO2 modulation unit 108a - Secondary Housing Units

110 - O2 modulation unit

110a - O2 connection point 110b - O2 vent hole 110c - O2 entry hole 112 - Control Unit

112a - First CO2 actuator 112b - Second CO2 actuator 112c - O2 actuator 112d -CO2 sensor 112e - O2 sensor

112f - Air Parameter Sensor

112g - Controller