VISCONTI, Federico (Via Prina Carlo 7, Monza, I-20052, IT)
BROVELLI, Emilio (Via Thomas Mann 4, Alassio, I-17021, IT)
VISCONTI, Federico (Via Prina Carlo 7, Monza, I-20052, IT)
| CLAIMS 1) Building element (1) for building walls using filling material, particularly earth or the like, characterized by the fact that it comprises a first structure (2, 3) with at least a longitudinal body (2) suitable for being arranged substantially horizontal and parallel to the face of the wall to be built and at least two rest legs (3) for supporting said longitudinal body (2) and suitable for being arranged substantially transversal to the face of the wall to be built, at least a second structure (4, 4a, 4b, 4c) which is shaped at least partially such as to define a panel (5, 5a, 5b, 5c) and is separate from said first structure (2, 3), and first attachment means (6, 6a, 6b, 6c) for connecting said second structure (4, 4a, 4b, 4c) to said rest legs (3). 2) Element (1) according to the claim 1, characterized by the fact that said first structure (2, 3) is made in a single body. 3) Element (1) according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said first attachment means (6, 6a, 6b, 6c) comprise at least a first open slot (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) obtained in at least one of said rest legs (3) in which a corresponding portion of said panel (5, 5a, 5b, 5c) can be inserted. 4) Element (1) according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said first slot (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) is substantially open in an upwards direction. 5) Element (1) according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said first slot (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) extends in a substantially oblique direction. 6) Element (1) according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said first slot (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) extends in a substantially vertical direction. 7) Element (1) according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said first attachment means (6, 6a, 6b, 6c) comprise at least a second open slot (9, 9a, 9b, 9c) obtained in said panel (5, 5a, 5b, 5c) and in which at least one of said rest legs (3) can be inserted. 8) Element (1) according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said second slot (9, 9a, 9b, 9c) is open in a substantially downwards direction. 9) Element (1) according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that it comprises a plurality of said second structures (4, 4a, 4b, 4c) and of said first attachment means (6, 6a, 6b, 6c) for connecting said second structures (4,4a, 4b, 4c) to said rest legs (3). 10) Element (1) according to the claim 9, characterized by the fact that said rest legs (3) comprise a plurality of said first slots (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) for supporting said second structures (4, 4a, 4b, 4c). 11) Element (1) according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said second structure (4, 4a, 4b, 4c) comprises at least a new-jersey barrier (8) associated with said panel (5, 5a, 5b, 5c), in assembly configuration said new-jersey barrier (8) being arranged substantially vertically and transversally to said rest legs (3). 12) Element (1) according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said first structure (2, 3) comprises at least a longitudinal beam (15) for joining said rest legs (3). 13) Element (1) according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said longitudinal body (2) and said rest legs (3) are made separately and comprise second attachment means (16) for connecting said longitudinal body (2) to said rest legs (3). 14) Element (1) according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said second attachment means (16) comprise at least an open slit (17) obtained in at least one of said rest legs (3) in which a corresponding portion of said longitudinal body (2) can be inserted. 15) Element (1) according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that it comprises a plurality of said longitudinal bodies (2) and of said second attachment means (16) for connecting said longitudinal bodies (2) to said rest legs (3). 16) Element (1) according to the claims 14 and 15, characterized by the fact that said second attachment means (16) comprise a plurality of said slits (17) for supporting said longitudinal bodies (2) substantially one on top of the other. 17) Element (1) according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said first attachment means (6, 6a, 6b, 6c) comprise at least a block (20) which can be interlocked in said second structure (4, 4a, 4b, 4c) and in at least one of said rest legs (3). 18) Element (1) according to the claim 17, characterized by the fact that said first attachment means (6, 6a, 6b, 6c) comprise at least a first hole (21) obtained through said second structure (4, 4a, 4b, 4c) and at least a second blind hole (22) obtained on at least one of said rest legs (3), said first hole (21) and said second hole (22) being positionable substantially matching in order for said block (20) to be inserted therein. 19) Element (1) according to one or more of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said first attachment means (6, 6a, 6b, 6c) comprise at least a bent pin (23 a, 23b) associable with said second structure (4, 4a, 4b, 4c) and couplable with a projecting part (24) of at least one of said rest legs (3). 20) Element (1) according to the claim 19, characterized by the fact that in assembly configuration said bent pin (23 a, 23b) is suitable for being fitted substantially astride of said projecting part (24). 21) Element (1) according to the claim 20, characterized by the fact that said bent pin (23 a, 23b) is substantially L-shaped and comprises at least a first portion (23 a) which is substantially transversal to said panel (5, 5a, 5b, 5c) and a second portion (23b) which is substantially parallel to said panel (5, 5a, 5b, 5c). |
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a building element for building walls using filling material, particularly earth or the like.
Background Art
For building particular masonry works such as, e.g., the retention walls of slopes and declines along the side of roads, motorways, railways or the like, or the walls for making level differences between different urban areas or barriers for reducing noise and artificial tunnels, the use is known of prefabricated building elements.
Such elements usually consist of beamed structures of considerable dimensions which are made in reinforced concrete castings and which, during the wall building phase, are arranged the one on the other to form a vertical or oblique pile, and then covered over with filling material, such as earth, sand, gravel, etc. The resulting wall shows considerable stability and strength which, however, can be further increased by means of the use of particular retention systems that allow joining the building elements the one to the other, or securing these to the filling material and/or directly to the slope to be retained.
A particular type of building element is known from the patent EP 0 167 720 and consists of the combination of a pair of longitudinal members, substantially horizontal, and of a pair of resting feet, which join together the longitudinal beams and define the support bases of the building element, permitting it to be rested on the ground or on another underlying building element.
In assembly configuration, the longitudinal members are arranged parallel to the lying plane of the wall to be built, with one of them facing outwards while the other is arranged on the inside of the wall.
The longitudinal members are joined at the top of the resting feet and, therefore, considerably raised with respect to the base of the building element.
The outer face of the wall thus obtained, therefore, consists of a series of parallel longitudinal members horizontally separated the one from the other.
Once the building elements have been installed therefore, the filling material surfaces outwards between one longitudinal member and the one above.
In this particular type of building element therefore, the filling material can act as fertile soil for the growth of vegetation such as grass, flowers or the like. Alternatively, one of the longitudinal members can be replaced with a substantially vertical panel that closes one of the sides of the building element. Once the wall has been built, therefore, the resulting surface will have a substantially continuous and closed outer face from which the filling material does not surface. In both cases, the building elements are prefabricated inside special facilities having equipment for their practical, easy and functional formation.
In particular, each of them is obtained from a single reinforced concrete casting wherein the resting feet, the longitudinal members and/or the vertical panel are made in a single body. Once manufactured, the building elements are subsequently transferred to the place where the wall has to be built and installation operations are begun.
This particular type of building element, however, has some drawbacks. In this respect, it is emphasised that taking into account the considerable weight and overall dimensions of these building elements, the transport phase from the manufacturing facility to the wall erection worksite is usually very problematic and expensive, to the extent that it heavily affects the total cost of the masonry work.
Making use of traditional systems of transport on trucks, in fact, these building elements can only be transported in low quantities for each journey, forcing the operators to make numerous return trips. Another particular type of building element is known from the patent US 6,113,316 and consists of a front panel and of a rear base.
The panel and the base are made of reinforced concrete by means of two separate castings and, after forming, are assembled together by means of a specific fastening system.
The fastening system, in particular, consists of a metal ring which is associated with the rear face of the panel and which, if necessary, can be fitted around a fastening head which extends from the base.
After their manufacture inside the special facilities, both the panels and the bases are sent to the wall erection worksite in separate configuration, so as to optimise the room on board the trucks, allow transporting a large number of building elements at the same time and, also, limit total transport costs.
Also this particular type of building element, however, is not without drawbacks. Compared to the other building elements in fact, the elements illustrated in US 6,113,316 are considerably less stable and sturdy as they have a particularly limited total supporting surface. The installation operations relating to the building elements made this way are therefore very difficult and demanding and often require costly additional jobs on the part of the operators in order to increase the capacity of the building elements to retain the filling material and prevent hazardous wall yielding.
It is not uncommon therefore to find these building elements being used to build walls of limited height.
Object of the Invention
The main aim of the present invention is to provide a building element for building walls using filling material, particularly earth or the like which, during the transport phase can be moved very easily and at particularly low costs and which, at the same time, during installation ensures the wall is very sturdy and stable.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a building element for building walls using filling material, particularly earth or the like which allows to overcome the mentioned drawbacks of the known art in the ambit of a simple, rational solution which is also easy and effective to use. The above objects are achieved by the present building element for building walls using filling material, particularly earth or the like, characterized by the fact that it comprises a first structure with at least a longitudinal body suitable for being arranged substantially horizontal and parallel to the face of the wall to be built and at least two rest legs for supporting said longitudinal body and suitable for being arranged substantially transversal to the face of the wall to be built, at least a second structure which is shaped at least partially such as to define a panel and is separate from said first structure, and first attachment means for connecting said second structure to said rest legs. Brief Description of the Drawings Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become more evident from the description of several preferred, but not sole, embodiments of a building element for building walls using filling material, particularly earth or the like, illustrated purely as an example but not limited to the annexed drawings in which: figure 1 is an axonometric view of a first embodiment of the building element according to the invention before assembly; figure 2 is an axonometric view, from another angle, of the building element of figure 1 in assembly configuration; figure 3 is a cross section view that shows the installation of a series of building elements of figure 1; figure 4 is an axonometric view of a second embodiment of the building element according to the invention before assembly; figure 5 is a side view of the building element of figure 4 in assembly configuration; figure 6 is an axonometric view of a third embodiment of the building element according to the invention before assembly; figure 7 is a side view of the building element of figure 6 in assembly configuration; figure 8 is an axonometric view of a fourth embodiment of the building element according to the invention before assembly; figure 9 is a cross section view that shows the installation of a series of building elements of figure 8; figure 10 is an axonometric view of a fifth embodiment of the building element according to the invention before assembly; figure 11 is an axonometric view of a sixth embodiment of the building element according to the invention during assembly; figure 12 is an axonometric view of a seventh embodiment of the building element according to the invention before assembly; figure 13 is a side view, partially in section, of the building element of figure 12 in assembly configuration; figure 14 is an axonometric view of a eighth embodiment of the building element according to the invention before assembly; figure 15 is an axonometric view, from another angle, of the building element of figure
14 in assembly configuration; figure 16 is a side view, partially in section, of the building element of figure 14 in assembly configuration; figure 17 is an axonometric view of a ninth embodiment of the building element according to the invention before assembly; figure 18 is an axonometric view of the building element of figure 17 in assembly configuration; figure 19 is an axonometric view of a tenth embodiment of the building element according to the invention before assembly; figure 20 is an axonometric view of the building element of figure 19 in assembly configuration; figure 21 is an axonometric view of a eleventh embodiment of the building element according to the invention before assembly; figure 22 is an axonometric view of the building element of figure 21 in assembly configuration; figure 23 is an axonometric view of a twelfth embodiment of the building element according to the invention before assembly; figure 24 is an axonometric view of the building element of figure 23 in assembly configuration; figure 25 is an axonometric view of a thirteenth embodiment of the building element according to the invention before assembly; figure 26 is an axonometric view of the building element of figure 25 in assembly configuration; figure 27 is an axonometric view of a fourteenth embodiment of the building element according to the invention before assembly; figure 28 is an axonometric view of the building element of figure 27 in assembly configuration.
Embodiments of the Invention
With particular reference to such figures, globally by 1 has been indicated a building element for building walls using filling material, particularly earth or the like.
In general, the element 1 comprises a first structure 2, 3, having a longitudinal body 2 suitable for being arranged substantially horizontal and parallel to the face of the wall to be built and two rest legs 3 for supporting the longitudinal body 2 and suitable for being arranged substantially transversal to the face of the wall to be built. The element 1 also comprises a second structure 4, which is at least partially shaped to define a panel 5 and is separated from the first structure 2, 3.
The element 1 also has first attachment means 6 for connecting the second structure 4 to the rest legs 3 of the first structure 2, 3.
In general, therefore, the element 1 is split into at least two parts, separate the one from the other, which if need be can be easily transported in a separation configuration and which before the building of the wall can be assembled together in assembly configuration.
The element 1 can be implemented in various embodiments.
In particular, in a first embodiment shown in the figures from 1 to 3, the first structure 2, 3 is made in a single body, e.g., in a reinforced concrete casting.
The longitudinal body 2 has a cross section substantially split into a horizontal section
2a and an oblique section 2b which extends from the horizontal section and is sloping upwards.
The rest legs 3 have a substantially flat and rectangular shape, are arranged substantially parallel to one another and at one of the upper angles are joined to the longitudinal body 2.
Similarly, the second structure 4 is made in a second reinforced concrete casting and is composed of the panel 5, in totally flat conformation.
In order to increase the toughness of the longitudinal body 2, of the rest legs 3 and/or of the panel 5, one or more parts of the building element 1 can be reinforced introducing in the concrete casting some reinforcing strips, for example geotextile or the like.
In this embodiment the first attachment means 6 comprise a pair of first slots 7, which are obtained on the rest legs 3, one on each leg, on the substantially opposite side with respect to the longitudinal body 2.
The first slots 7 are substantially open upwards to allow the insertion, from top to bottom, of corresponding portions of the panel 5.
The first slots 7, furthermore, extend along the rest legs 3 in a substantially oblique direction; in assembly configuration (figure 2), therefore, the panel 5 takes up a substantially inclined position with respect to the vertical and a substantially symmetric position with respect to the oblique section 2b of the longitudinal body 2.
The particular solution of making the first structure 2, 3 and the second structure 4 separate the one from the other but assemblable if need be above all permits making the transport phases of the element 1 easier. In these phases, in fact, the first structure 2, 3 can be interlocked with the first structure
2, 3 of another element 1, thereby positioning the respective rest legs 3 slightly staggered the one with the other.
The second structures 4 of the elements 1, on the other hand, can be easily brought nearer and/or stacked the one on the other. All this helps compact and reduce the overall dimensions and allows handling a larger number of elements 1, transport capacity being equal.
After the transport, each element 1 is assembled by fitting the relevant panel 5 in the first slots 7 and is installed together with other substantially identical elements 1 for the building of the wall (figure 3). For this purpose, the elements 1 are intended to be stacked the one on the other, with the rest legs 3 of an element 1 supporting the rest legs 3 of the above element 1.
The space defined between the panels 5 and the longitudinal bodies 2 is intended to be filled with a filling material M such as earth or the like; for this purpose it is underlined that the particular inclination of the panel 5 and of the oblique section 2b of the longitudinal body 2 allows the elements 1 to perform a function of retention of the filling material M.
Once built, the wall has a first face composed of longitudinal bodies 2 of the elements 1, which are arranged horizontally one on the other and spaced out the one from the other, allowing the filling material M to surface outwards. The second face of the wall, opposite the first, on the other hand, is composed of the panels 5 which are also arranged one on the other and spaced out the one from the other to allow the surfacing of the filling material M.
Usefully, the wall made this way can be used, e.g., as an anti-noise and separation wall on the side of roads, motorways and railways or as a wall for building artificial tunnels.
In this case, to increase the dampening of the sound from the road side, the panels 5 can be made and/or lined with a material with high sound-dampening capacity (modified concrete or the like), and/or can have a corrugated profile that increases the sound-deadening surface exposed to the noise, and/or have through openings, of variable shapes and dimensions, to make the very best use of the anti-noise characteristics of the earth contained in the filling material M.
In this latter case, the through openings allow the passage of rainwater and, in order to hide its percolation, the surface of the panels 5 can usefully have a series of vertical grooves and channels which, besides acting as runoffs for the rainwater, also allow increasing the sound-dampening effect of the panels 5.
In the case of use at the side of roads, motorways, railways and the like, furthermore, the element 1 can also be used advantageously in a second embodiment, shown in the figures 4 and 5. In this embodiment, the first structure 2, 3 is substantially identical to that of the figures from 1 to 3, while the second structure 4 comprises a new-jersey barrier 8 associated with the panel 5.
The second structure 4 made this way, e.g., can be fabricated in a reinforced concrete casting shaped to define both the panel 5 and the new-jersey barrier 8 in a single monolithic body. In cross section, the panel 5 and the new-jersey barrier 8 are inclined the one to the other: this way, in the assembly configuration (figure 5), the panel 5 fits in the first oblique slots 7 of the second structure 4 while the new-jersey barrier 8 is arranged substantially vertical and transversal to the rest legs 3. Usefully, therefore, the elements 1 thus obtained can be arranged at the base of the wall shown in figure 3, with the new-jersey barrier 8 turned towards the road side; this allows, in a practical, easy and functional way, equipping the wall itself with a containment barrier for vehicle traffic.
In a third embodiment of the invention shown in the figures 6 and 7, the first structure
2, 3 is substantially identical to that previously described and illustrated with the only difference that the first slots 7 obtained on the rest legs 3 extend substantially vertical.
The second structure 4, on the other hand, is still made up of only the panel 5 which, however, does not have the totally flat conformation shown in the figures from 1 to 3 but is also split up into two flat sections slightly staggered the one with the other.
In this embodiment, furthermore, the first attachment means 6 comprise a pair of second slots 9 obtained on the panel 5, that are substantially opened downwards and into which two segments 10 of the rest legs 3 can be respectively inserted.
In assembly configuration (figure 7), the panel 5 is arranged substantially vertical inside the first slots 7, with the segments 10 inserted in the second slots 9.
A wall built with the elements 1 of the figures 6 and 7, therefore, has a first face identical to that of figure 3 and composed of the longitudinal bodies 2 between which surfaces the filling material M.
The second face of the wall, opposite the first, on the other hand, is completely closed by the panels 5, thus preventing the filling material M from surfacing outwards and such as to not require any maintenance after installation. To provide the wall with greater stability, furthermore, the panel 5 of each element 1 has a longitudinal rib 11 that extends for the entire length of the panel itself while the rest legs 3 each have a corresponding groove 12.
During wall installation, therefore, the longitudinal rib 11 of each panel 5 is inserted in the grooves 12 of the above rest legs 3. In a fourth embodiment of the invention shown in the figures 8 and 9, the element 1 comprises a plurality of second structures 4a, 4b, 4c and a plurality of first attachment means 6a, 6b, 6c for connecting the second structures 4a, 4b, 4c to the rest legs 3.
In this embodiment, in particular, the first structure 2, 3 is substantially identical to that in the figures 6 and 7, with the exception consisting of the fact that the rest legs 3 comprise a plurality of substantially vertical first slots 7a, 7b, 7c for supporting the second structures 4a, 4b, 4c in assembly configuration in which these are substantially facing one another.
The second structures 4a, 4b, 4c, furthermore, consist of an equal number of panels 5a,
5b, 5c having respective pairs of second slots 9a, 9b, 9c which can be coupled with the rest legs 3. In the embodiment of the figures 8 and 9, the panels 5a, 5b, 5c are three in all, one of which the most external 5a, which is intended to be arranged on the opposite side with respect to the longitudinal body 2 and which is shaped substantially identical to the panel 5 of the figures 6 and 7, and two central panels 5b, 5c, which are intended to be arranged between the outer panel 5a and the longitudinal body 2 and which have a totally flat shape.
The height of the three panels 5a, 5b, 5c is substantially identical to the height of the rest legs 3 and in assembly configuration (figure 9) the second structures 4a, 4b, 4c extend for the entire height of the elements 1. In point of fact, by means of the panels 5a, 5b, 5c, the wall thus obtained can be split into several internal compartments 13a, 13b, 13c dedicated to carrying out different functions.
In the embodiment of the figures 8 and 9, for example, between the outer panel 5a and one of the central panels 5b is defined a first compartment 13a composed of an air inter-space, with the function of heat and sound insulation and, if necessary, exploitable for housing the wiring harnesses 14 for the connection to any power, water or other type of units, which are required to run along the wall.
Between the two central panels 5b, 5c, on the other hand, a second compartment 13b is defined that acts as a disposable caisson which, during installation, is filled with concrete C to make a rigid internal surface that considerably increases the strength and total load-bearing capacity of the wall.
Between the other central panel 5c and the series of longitudinal bodies 2, on the other hand, a third compartment 13c is defined, to be filled with filling material M. By means of the elements 1 of the figures 8 and 9, therefore, a multipurpose wall can be obtained; obviously, alternative embodiments cannot be ruled out wherein a different quantity of central panels is provided, such as e.g. in the case wherein there is just one central panel to split the wall up into just two internal compartments, or wherein are provided three of more central panels to split the wall up into four or more internal compartments. In another embodiment shown in the figure 10, the element 1 is substantially identical to the element 1 of the figures from 1 to 3, with the exception that the first structure 2, 3 also comprises a longitudinal beam 15 that joins the rest legs 3 near the first slots 7. The longitudinal beam 15 is made in a single body with the rest legs 3 and allows providing the first structure 2, 3 with greater strength and sturdiness. In the embodiment of figure 11, the first structure 2, 3 comprises a plurality of longitudinal bodies 2 which are made separately from the rest legs 3. The rest legs 3, in particular, are substantially elongated upwards and are preset to support the longitudinal bodies 2 on the one side and a plurality of second structures 4 on the other side. For this purpose the element 1 of figure 11 comprises first attachment means 6 for connecting the second structures 4 to the rest legs 3.
The first attachment means 6 are composed, e.g., of a plurality of first slots 7 obtained on the rest legs 3 and inside which the second structures 4 can be inserted for their support one on top of the other. Similarly, the element 1 of figure 11 comprises second attachment means 16 for connecting the longitudinal bodies 2 to the rest legs 3.
The second attachment means 16 are defined, e.g., by a plurality of open slits 17, which are obtained on the rest legs 3 and in which the longitudinal bodies 2 can be inserted for their support substantially one on top of the other. The first slots 7 and the slits 17 extend in the rest legs 3 along an equal number of substantially oblique directions and such therefore, in assembly configuration, that the second structures 4 are specularly inclined with respect to the longitudinal bodies 2, and vice versa. Both the second structures 4 and the longitudinal bodies 2 are defined by an equal number of panels that do not have a totally flat conformation but are also split up into two flat sections slightly staggered the one with the other.
In another embodiment shown in the figures 12 and 13, the first structure 2, 3 has substantially the same conformation as that of the figures from 1 to 3 and is composed of a pair of rest legs 3 made in a single body with a longitudinal body 2. The second structure 4 is also similar to that of the figures from 1 to 3.
In particular, the second structure 4 is defined by a completely flat panel 5 which along the opposite longitudinal edges has two complementary profiles composed of a longitudinal groove 18 and of a longitudinal rib 19; during the installation of the wall, the longitudinal groove 18 of an element 1 can be coupled with the longitudinal rib 19 of the above element 1.
In this embodiment, the first attachment means 6 comprise a series of blocks 20 that can be interlocked into the second structure 4 and into the rest legs 3. For this purpose, a series of first holes 21 is obtained through the second structure 4 while an equal number of second blind holes 22 is obtained in the rest legs 3. In assembly configuration, the first holes 21 and the second holes 22 can be positioned substantially matching for the interlocking of the blocks 20 (figure 13). hi the embodiment of the figures from 14 to 16, the first structure 2, 3 is composed of a pair of rest legs 3 made in a single body with a longitudinal body 2, while the second structure 4 is completely similar to the second structure 4 of the figures 12 and 13. hi this embodiment, the first attachment means 6 comprise a series of bent pins 23 a, 23b associable with the second structure 4 and which can be coupled with an equal number of projecting parts 24 of the rest legs 3.
The projecting parts 24, in particular, extend at the extremities of the rest legs 3 opposite the longitudinal body 2 and are substantially parallel to the longitudinal body 2 itself. hi assembly configuration, the bent pins 23a, 23b are suitable for being substantially fitted astride of the projecting parts 24.
For this purpose, the bent pins 23 a, 23b are substantially L-shaped and comprise a first portion 23 a substantially transversal to the panel 5 and a second portion 23b substantially parallel to the panel 5.
The first portions 23a can be interlocked into a corresponding series of holes 25 obtained on the second structure 4, while the second portions 23b are sized to fasten on behind the projecting parts 24 so that in assembly configuration the panel 5 is substantially hung onto the rest legs 3. hi the figures from 17 to 22 other possible embodiments are shown in which the rest legs 3 have a recess 26 designed to be engaged by an overhanging portion 27 of the second structure 4.
The joining between the first structure 2, 3 and the second structure 4 is ensured by fastening means similar to the blocks 20 and/or bent pins 23 a, 23b shown in the previous illustrations.
The embodiments shown in the figures from 17 to 22 differ for the different conformation of the transversal section of the second structure 4. The illustrations from 23 to 28 show embodiments identical to those of the figures from 17 to 22, with the difference that the first structure 2, 3 also comprises a longitudinal beam 15 that joins the rest legs 3 near the recesses 26.
As shown in the embodiment of figure 10, also in the illustrations from 23 to 28 the longitudinal beam 15 is made in a single body with the rest legs 3 and permits the first structure 2,3 to be more sturdy and resistant. It has in practice been found how the invention described achieves the intended objects.