BUILDING COMPLEX

The present invention relates to a building complex, in particular for residential purposes and/or commercial and/or public use. We are currently all witnessing the changes that the modern global production system is imposing on cities, which are in fact becoming greater attraction centres for increasing masses of new population.

A consequence of this phenomenon is the development of building complexes in a vertical direction, this solution being the only proposal for sustainable development in a worldwide scenario.

The development of building complexes in a vertical direction destined for residential and/or commercial and/or public use, does in fact allow a high habitation density, at the same time occupying a rather limited portion of land.

Furthermore, this high habitation/working density concentrated in a small territory through a building complex with a substantially vertical development, reduces the distance to be covered and infrastructural costs, it facilitates control and improves security.

Unfortunately, however, this construction model, i.e. tower buildings with a substantially vertical development, with superimposed horizontal floors, often

all the same, with the exception of the lower levels dedicated to shopping centres, cause, in certain hours, a mass movement of people which congests the ground floor.

Again, unfortunately, this highly concentrated modern residential/office construction model creates a sense of uneasiness in human beings which urges them more and more frequently to look for a more relaxing/healthy lifestyle in a harmonious environment, in their free time. Nowadays in fact, numerous people, as soon as they can, very frequently leave the above residential/office centres to go to more relaxing environments .

This relaxation is directly linked to the type of environment that individuals are surrounded by and, in particular, habitats characterized by a high vegetation concentration such as lawns, meadows, flowerbeds or simple plants are particularly requested.

It should be noted that the above necessity for relaxation, as already mentioned, strictly associated with the presence of a green environment, does not currently represent a simple facultative choice, but has become necessary due to an increasing awareness that many of the pathologies which are in rapid growth, are linked to the type of environment in which people live and work. The relaxing environment with is sought today and

described above is normally in the countryside but also, for example, that found in many quarters of medieval, and even more recent, Italian cities, such as for example San Marino, Urbino, Montalcino, Capri, Positano, Amalfi, etc. in which there are buildings with generally 4 or 6 floors with a ground floor, normally destined for commercial use, sometimes facing an arcade or square generally surrounded by tree-lined flower-beds.

Habitations built according to widespread modern construction models are certainly not able to solve the problems indicated above, as they in no way reflect the relaxing environments described above.

An objective of the present invention is to provide a means capable of solving the drawbacks of the known art specified above in an extremely simple, economical, particularly functional manner and conformant with the ecosustainability criteria which are being established.

A further objective is to provide a building complex, in particular for residential and/or commercial and/or public use, which develops in a vertical direction and consequently with a high habitation density, but which at the same time also has a large presence of green pro capite and favours pedestrian movement.

Another objective is to provide a building complex, in particular for residential and/or commercial and/or

public use, which develops in a vertical direction and, as already mentioned, consequently with a high habitation density, which is also able to reproduce urban spaces such as those present in many medieval quarters of Italian cities such as Assisi, Urbino, Montalcino, Capri, San Marino, Positano, Amalfi, etc., in which there is an abundant presence of buildings having 4/6 floors with a ground floor at times facing an arcade or a square generally surrounded by tree-lined flower-beds. These objectives according to the present invention are achieved by providing a building complex as specified in claim 1.

Further characteristics of the invention are indicated in the subsequent claims. The characteristics and advantages of a building complex according to the present invention will appear more evident from the following illustrative and non- limiting description, referring to the enclosed schematic drawings in which: figure 1 is an exploded view of an embodiment of a building complex 10 according to the present invention; figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of the building complex 10 of figure 1, assembled; figure 3 is a view from below of another building complex 10 of the present invention;

figure 4 is a view from above of another building complex 10 according to the present invention; figures 5 and 6 schematically show horizontal and vertical sections of a building complex 10 according to the present invention.

With reference to the figures, these show with 10 a building complex according to the present invention.

As can be seen in figure I ₇ this building complex

10, which can be for residential and/or commercial and/or public use, comprises at least one building 11, having at least two overlying floors, generally from four to seven, and at least a ramp structure 12, for example of the suspended cantilever pavement type and widening the ramp itself in varying degrees beyond the structural span, which has a spiral development which extends around the outer perimeter of the at least one building 11.

In particular, the term "ramp structure 12" according to the invention refers to literal ramps but also portions of stairs with steps. In particular, said ramp structure 12 develops starting from the lower level of the at least one building 11, such as for example the street level present in normal cities or a basement or any floor, up to an upper level of the at least one building 11, for example up to the roof or generically to an upper floor with

respect to the level from which the ramp structure 12 starts .

Furthermore, according to a different embodiment, the above ramp structure 12, which, as already mentioned, extends spirally around the outer perimeter of the at least one building 11, can also extend through the construction body of the at least one building 11, possibly connecting it from one side to the opposite side . According to the invention, the building complex 10 comprises a vegetation structure 13, which is generally a flowerbed lined with plants and/or trees but there could also be other alternative forms of said vegetation.

In particular, this vegetation structure 13 also has a spiral development and is associated, at least in sections, with the ramp structure 12.

In particular therefore the ramp structure 12 according to the invention, which, as described above, can comprise literal ramps but also possible stairs with steps which allow the development of a ramp with a maximum slope, for example, about 8%, can be provided with green and/or lay-bys.

An example of this ramp structure 12 as described above is schematically visible in figures 5 and 6 which show the building 11, the cantilever portions 50 of the

ramp 12 with respect to the perimeter of the building itself 11.

In the above figures, it can be clearly seen how the ramp structure 12 can comprise stairs with steps 51 which allow the development of a ramp passageway with a slope of about 8%, actual ramps 52 and vegetation structures

13.

According to a preferred embodiment, the above- mentioned at least one building 11 can comprise a lower perimetric structure having at least one arcade, or tapered structural spans, from which the above ramp structure 12 and vegetation structure 13 could start so as to create a continuity with a pavement and with the green possibly present in the above street level. In particular, in correspondence with said arcade or tapered structural span, the ramp structure 12 can broaden with respect to the rest of the ramp 12 and can also possibly develop below the above-mentioned arcades.

As can be seen in figure 2, the building complex 10 according to the present invention can comprise at least two of the above buildings 11 superimposed to form a tower building 14 with a vertical development.

According to this latter embodiment , the ramp structure 12 develops spirally around the outer perimeter of the tower building 14 starting from the lower level,

for example the street level, to a higher level of the tower building itself 14.

Alternatively, the building complex 10 of the present invention according to another embodiment also comprises more than one tower building 14 of the type described above .

In particular, as shown in figure 3, the building complex 10 can comprise two tower buildings 14.

In this case, the building complex 10 can also advantageously comprise at least one bridge structure 15 suitable for connecting the ramp structures 12 which extend spirally around the relative tower buildings 14.

Naturally, according this embodiment described above, the vegetation structure 13 can also be associated with at least sections of the above at least one bridge structure 15 forming a continuity between the ramp structures 12 and the relative tower buildings 14.

According to the embodiments described above and illustrated in the figures, the combination of several buildings 11 to form tower buildings 14, possibly connected with each other, allows the composition of a possible innovative quarter for the sustainable development of the city with a vertical development and reaching a high habitation density favouring pedestrian movement .

In an embodiment example, the building complex 10 could have a double square plan each of 4x4 structural mesh, which form a double tower building 14 where the course defined by the trajectories of the ramps 12 develops first on one and then on the other of the tower buildings 14, wherein the two above tower buildings 14 could be parallel coupled or offset.

Other embodiment examples according to the present invention of building complexes 10 could comprise a single tower building 14 with a rectangular structural mesh of 3x7, or a single tower building 14 with a structural mesh of 5x7, or a single tower building 14 with a structural mesh of 4x6.

The mesh of the pillars is preferably square and 7.80x7.80 ml with a space in the centre of the buildings 11, suitable for containing, for example, ascending systems such as rapid lifts, staircases, for example of the moving or fireproof type and construction recesses.

According to the construction examples mentioned above, the ramp structure 12, with every complete turn of 360 degrees, preferably covers an ascent of 4 , 6 or 7 floors, depending on the structure of the relative building complex 10, in particular depending on whether the tower buildings 14 have a mesh of 3x7, 4x6, 5x7, or coupled 4x4+4x4.

According to a preferred embodiment, the ramp structure 12 comprises an overturned "shell" structure containing in this space, on one side the earth necessary for maintaining the vegetation structure 13 , and on the other a sewage and rainwater collection and drainage network system, as in a normal city street, which, when suitably treated with phytopurification techniques can be reused for the natural irrigation of public gardens or vegetation structure 13 itself. According to another embodiment, the course defined by the trajectory of the ramps 12, according to the invention and therefore as previously described, both the actual ramps but also possible staircases with steps, which can be provided with green and/or lay-bys, can be conceived as an element exposed to the open air or if the building is to be constructed in cold climates or with an annual prevalence of rigid temperatures, it can be suitably protected or closed with a glass-window system which, even with a minimum exposure to sunlight, advantageously allows to accumulate hot air which, by rising upwards, along the course of the ramps 12 themselves, creates a ventilated microclimate which enfolds the building.

In the case of very hot climates, on the other hand, the closing of the course, together with the presence of

green and appropriate air-conditioning technologies, allows the common space to be conditioned so that the fresh air current which is generated in turn enfolds the building benefiting the whole environment. In both of the above cases, the overall energy- consumption of the building complex is reduced.

This shell can also advantageously have a static function as force dissipator, for example the torque moment acting on the building in the case of seisms. According to the invention, moreover, said glass- window system can be selectively openable.

Finally, according to the invention, the building complex 10 can comprise panoramic lifts/buses positioned on one side of the tower buildings 14, for example on the Northern side, and exclusively connect the pedestrian course of the ramp structure 12.

The advantageous characteristics of the building complex 10, object of the invention, can be easily understood. Said building complex 10, in particular for residential and/or commercial and/or public use, comprises at least one building 11, of the known type, having at least two floors, a ramp structure 12 having a spiral development which extends around the outer perimeter of the building 11 starting from a lower level

as far as an upper level, and. a vegetation structure 13, preferably a tree-lined flowerbed, also having a spiral development and associated, at least in some sections, with the ramp structure 12. Consequently, the building complex 10, by the combination of several buildings 11 of the type described above, forms tower buildings 14, also possibly connected to each other by suspended bridges 15 , also having at least sections of the above vegetation structure 13, characterized by a considerable presence of green deriving from said vegetation structure 13.

In particular, in fact, said ramps 12 provided with green 13 which rise spirally around the buildings 11 advantageously form a pedestrian passageway so as to reproduce typical urban spaces such as those present in many quarters of Italian medieval cities, such as San Marino, Assisi, Urbino, Montalcino, Capri, Positano, Amalfi, etc., in which there is an abundant presence of buildings with 4/6 floors with a ground floor normally destined for commercial use and facing an arcade or a square flanked by at least a tree-lined flowerbed.

In particular, a user who is walking along or standing on said ramps 12 is situated in a completely relaxing and pleasant environment characterized by a high concentration of green.

This relaxing environment rich in vegetation according to the invention is advantageously produced in a building complex for residential and/or commercial and/or public use which develops vertically with a very high habitation density.

It can therefore be seen how a building complex according to the present invention achieves the objectives specified above.

The building complex of the present invention thus conceived can undergo numerous modifications and variants, all included in the same inventive concept; furthermore, all the details can be substituted by technically equivalent elements. In practice, the materials used, as also the dimensions, can vary according to technical requirements or the technological development reached.