This application also includes an appendix of computer program listings comprising 73 pages of computer printout.

Background of the Invention

This invention relates to photographic apparatus operated under the control of electronic circuitry. Electronic circuitry controls operation of the camera, stores data concerning usage of the camera and controls the operation of the automatic electronic flash utilized with the camera.

In photographic systems, electronic circuitry has been utilized in the past to control or assist in the control of certain operating camera functions. Thus, for instance, specialized circuits have been developed for shutter control or for the control of the operation of an electronic flash unit. Such prior art systems have not significantly reduced the amount of labor required to photograph a large number of iundividual subjects, espe¬ cially where a record must be made of the order infor¬ mation and other data.

In prior art camera systems, it is necessary to group subjects by order number before any photos are taken. photos are then taken of an order board to iden¬ tify the order information for a group of subjects within a class. Additional photos must be taken to record the identification of the class. In prior art cameras, it is also necessary to utilize space between photos to receive "name on" information, such as the signature or typed name of the subject.

The present invention is directed to an improved photographic system wherein substantially all of the camera operations are performed under control of electro- nic circuitry contained within the camera. To this end, the invention utilizes a camera which can be provided

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with film loaded in a supply cartridge. The camera is provided with means for placing a photographic image on the film and means for adding additional information to the film adjacent the photographic image. In the pre- ferred embodiment shown, means are provided for adding bar code information on one data track of the film and written information obtained from a data card on another data track of the film, with both data tracks on opposite sides of the film image. Information concerning the uti- lization of the camera and the number of photographs taken under varying conditions is stored in memory for recall by the photographer. The control circuitry instructs the photographer as to the sequence of opera¬ tions to be performed and provides display information indicating any malfunctions of the camera system or the failure of the operator to supply required information.

Use of the present camera substantially reduces the labor required of the photographer to record order, class identification, date, photographer identification and other data. As much as a 25% decrease in labor or increase in shooting speed can be accomplished over the prior art systems.

Use of wide format film with binary coded data tracks and "name on" data tracks on both sides of the photo image results in at least a 15% decrease in the amount of film used to shoot photos of a complete school class because the order information need not be pho¬ tographed from boards, thereby wasting considerable film. The provision of a rapidly adjustable dual zoom lens system and automatic flash control circuit elimi¬ nates the need for frequent f-stop adjustment or the need to group subjects by skin tone.

The primary object of the invention is to pro¬ vide an improved camera system utilizing electronic cir- cuitry to assist in the operation of the camera.

Another object of this invention is to provide a

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system including a control means for assuring that mecha¬ nical elements are properly operating before the camera shutter is actuated.

Still another object of this invention is to provide a camera utilizing a keyboard operated remote control for applying data to the camera logic circuitry to operate the camera.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a camera system having an improved automatic flash control system for inhibiting operation of the camera when the lighting level at which the automatic flash can be controlled and for utilizing the reflected light level sensed from the photographic subject when illuminated by a fixed flash to add incrementally to the energy discharged through the flashtube to provide a controlled optimal illumination of the flash subject.

An additional object of the invention is to pro¬ vide a control system including means for placing coded digital information on the film in a bar code represen- tation applied as the film is advanced on a step-by-step basis.

Yet another object of the invention is to pro¬ vide a camera system including means for placing addi¬ tional photographic images on the film obtained from a written data field on a "name on" control card.

A further object of the invention is to provide a camera system including means for receiving information from either a keyboard or a card reader and converting it within the camera to digital bar code information and applying it to the film.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a camera system including means for storing data on the number of exposures remaining on the film supply canister, the number of photographs taken in various data categories, such as photographic print order categories, and other information.'

A further object of the invention is to provide a daylight loading camera utilizing a film take-up canister having a cut-off mechanism contained within the canister cover for cutting off the film and sealing the take-up canister whenever the camera door is opened under control of the operator.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a camera system utilizing a camera mount means for raising and lowering the camera under control of a control actuator.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a camera utilizing identical coupled zoom lenses for the viewing and camera lenses operated under control of a single control actuator. The above and other objects of the invention are achieved by providing in the preferred embodiment of the invention a camera and control electronics for controlling the various operations of the camera in accordance with information stored in the control electronics.

Brief Description of the Drawings

These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by referring to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a pictorial view in perspective of the camera and mounting base according to the present invention;

Figure 2 is a right side elevation view of the camera and base with some internal details shown generally in hidden lines;

Figure 3 is a pictorial view in perspective of the camera shown with the cover removed and with electri¬ cal wiring disconnected and other non-essential details shown in simplified form;

Figure 4 is a simplified exploded view showing the layout of the component mounting plate and the various sensors and other electronic components.

Figure 5 is a rear sectional elevation view of the dual zoom lens rotational drive elements and asso¬ ciated framework taken along the lines 5-5 of Figure 3;

Figure 6 is a right side elevational detail of the right angle drive elements associated with the dual lens rotational drive; Figure 7 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the drive belt used in the drive train of the camera shown enlarged and taken at reference character 7 of Figure 5;

Figure 8 is a pictorial detail of part of a typical drive driven wheel shown enlarged and taken at reference character 8 of Figure 5;

Figure 9 is a top plan view of the film spindle drive assembly;

Figure 10 is a left side elevation view of the spindle drive assembly shown in Figure 9 illustrating the belt drive elements;

Figure 11 is a pictorial view in perspective of the film drive assembly with the film advance moved away from the film advance cam along their centerline axes to illustrate the cam and follower elements more clearly;

Figure 12 is an exploded isometric view of ele¬ ments of the film advance mechanism;

Figure 13 is a pictorial view of a typical frame of developed film; Figure 14 is a rear sectional view of the camera mounting mechanism and elevator with parts broken away and with the camera body removed;

Figure 15 is a right side elevation view of the upper end of the camera elevation mechanism with parts broken away;

Figure 16 is a top plan sectional view of the

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elevator taken along line 16-16 of Figure 14;

Figure 17 is a right side elevation view of the lower end of the camera elevator with parts broken away; Figure 18 is a schematic of the photoflash cir- cuitry; and

Figure 19 shows the orientation of figures 19A through 19H which are a detailed schematic of the electronic circuitry of the camera.

Figure 20 is the floor plan for the set up of the camera and its associated flash units.

Figure 21 shows a typical customer order card. Figure 22 shows a schematic of one of the fiber optic elements in the bar code generator.

Description of the Preferred Embodiment Short Description of Operations Performed

The camera disclosed herein operates under the control of an operator or photographer and includes control circuitry for performing a number of operations without operator intervention. The basic camera 18, as shown in Figure 1, is operated by a remote hand control 160 which includes a 16-key data entry keyboard 161 (keys 0 through 9 and A through F) , a shutter trip command switch S-*, and a three-digit digital display 19.

Name on cards 112A, such as the one shown in Figure 4, and customer order cards 20, such as the one shown in Figure 21, are used to supply additional infor¬ mation to the camera. In the preferred embodiment, the name on card is used to insert the written or typed name of the photographic subject in the name on field 113 of the film (see Figure 13) when the camera is operated in the name on mode. The name on field information is recorded at the end of the film advance.

Customer order card 20 may be inserted into a card reader (not shown) which is remote from the camera. In the preferred embodiment, one or two customer order

cards are used to provide information concerning the customer's order of prints. In the preferred embodiment, a customer order must be entered either through the card reader or the keyboard in order to enable the shutter ^tri P-

The control electronics of the camera, as described more fully below, receives operation codes from keyboard 160 and recognizes that as a request to perform specific tasks. The three digits are followed by a zero to form a complete command. The three digits are displayed on the display 19 and executed when the zero key is depressed. If an error is made in the command entry, repetitious "F"s are entered until display 19 reads all zeros. The camera also provides a series of warnings to the operator which may be accompanied by a flashing display, as shown in the preferred embodiment, or, alternatively, by a series of audible beeps. The warnings are listed in Table 1: TABLE 1.

Display Reads Description OOF Out of Film

BFA Bad Film Advance

ECO Enter Customer Order .(operator did not enter order information) BAI Bad Area Illumination (room light level is too high for proper flash operation) SSC Shutter Stuck Closed

(shutter stuck, or flash inoperative, or backdrop improper) SSO Shutter Stuck Open The camera requests data from the operator by displaying certain codes in non-flashing form. These

codes are listed in Table 2:

TABLE 2 Display Reads Data Requested EID Enter Operator I. D. ECC Enter Class Code

The operator I. D. is an alpha-numeric iden¬ tification assigned to the operator which is stored in memory and applied to each photo in a bar code form. The class code is an alpha-numeric designation of the par- ticular school classroom of students whose photos are being taken. This data also is coded on each photo, together with the calendar day the picture was .taken, the roll and frame number and the package print selection.

The camera includes several keyboard selected operational modes. As indicated above, the customer order is entered either from the keyboard or from a card reader. Keyboard entry is commanded by the code 108 followed by a zero. Card reader data entry is commanded by code 109 followed by a zero. The code 110, followed by a zero is a query for the camera to indicate on the display which mode was selected. A response of CCC indi¬ cates card entry was selected, while BBB indicates keyboard.

Data stored in camera memory can also be retrieved. The display 19 will indicate the number of frames shot when the command 111, followed by a zero, is applied. The number of each package shot is called for by entry of code 102 followed by a zero. The total number of each unit shot is displayed following entry of its digit. Entry of the F-key will display the number of F packs and cause an exit to the subroutine.

The roll number is also stored in the camera. Each time the roll is changed in any given calendar day, the roll number is advanced without operator interven- tion. The roll number counter is reset to zero at mid¬ night. The roll number is displayed in response to code

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116 followed by a zero.

After operation of the reset button, the display will indicate "EID" to alert the operator to enter his I. D. number. The I. D. number is displayed in response to command 115 followed by a zero.

After each reset operation, the I. D. is requested. After entry of the I. D., the class code is requested by the ECC indication on the display. The class code is changed by entry of code 106 followed by zero. After that command, a new class code is accepted. If more than 25 shots are made without a change of class code, the dispJLay .19 will flash a 000 display after each shot. The display is merely a reminder and does not inhibit further shooting. In the event that the operator detects closed eyes or movement of the subject during strobe flash, the shot may be cancelled by entry of a code 103 followed by zero. The image and bar code data on that frame are obliterated and data relating to that shot are obli- terated as described below.

The flash circuits may be tested by entering the code 104 followed by zero to obtain a firing of the flash through the control logic without opening the shutter or advancing film. Figure 1 shows in perspective view the camera system 10 according to the present invention. Camera 18 is mounted on a movable base unit 12 which includes wheels 13 to facilitate movement and clamps 14 which mate with corresponding hardware on an interfitting protective cover unit which is not shown. The cover unit may include a slot housing the sensor and electronics shown in Figure 19B for reading the customer order card infor¬ mation.

The camera 18 may be raised and lowered from the base 12 utilizing a control stick 15 to actuate an eleva¬ tion mechanism contained within support column _, 16. The

base 12 is used for transporting capacitors used in the camera electronic flash system as well as the necessary power cords and other accessories utilized in the overall camera system. Although the preferred embodiment shown is a camera specifically intended for use in taking repetitive portraits in a high volume operation, such as a school, it will be realized that many of the features of the camera have broad applicability in a number of camera systems for other uses. For example, the unique bar code generating circuitry embodied in the camera can be uti¬ lized to -generate bar codes in a variety of other pho¬ tographic and even nonphotographic applications. The electronic flash and other control circuitry embodied in the present invention also has utility over a broad range of camera systems beyond the specific embodiment shown.

Camera Elevation Mechanism

The camera elevation mechanism is shown in simplified elevation view in Figure 2 with the internal parts shown in phantom and in additional detail in Figures 14 through 17. Turning now to Figures 2 and 17, the basic parts of the elevation mechanism are shown. A drive motor 22 drives a belt 24 which, in turn, drives a shaft 26 which is used to raise and lower the camera 18 by a worm gear arrangement 28 shown in more detail in Figure 14.

The shaft 26 has an extended portion 30 which is screw threaded to mesh with the ball bearing nut portion 28 which is, in turn, mounted on member 32 which closes the base of the inner beam portion 34.

Shaft 26 is supported by bearings 36 mounted in a bearing block 38 which is, in turn, attached to a bracket assembly 40 attached to the pedestal base 42. Pulley 44 is attached to shaft 26 and is coupled via the belt 24 to pulley 46 mounted on the shaft of motor 22.

Motor 22 is mounted securely to a projection 43 of the pedestal base 42. The camera is raised and lowered by driving motor 22 to rotate the shaft 26 and screw 30 to move the ball bearing nut 28 along the shaft 26 to, in turn, raise and lower the inner shaft portion 34. The actuation of the motor is accomplished by pressing a momentary contact switch 48 located on top of the control stick 15 to raise the camera 18 and a similar momentary contact switch on the bottom of the control stick to lower the camera. The bearing surface between the inner portion 34 and the outer housing 42 is formed by the strips 50 shown in Figure 14.

A pair of limit switches 52 and 54 are mounted at the top of the lower support. Limit switch actuation plates 56 and 58 cooperate with switches 52 and 54, respectively, to signal the fully-retracted arid fully- extended conditions of the pedestal, respectively. The electronic circuitry with which the limit switches 52 and 54 and the control switches 48 cooperate to raise and lower the pedestal is conventional and not specifically shown.

The top of the inner member 34 has a dovetail mounting block 59 attached to it to receive the base of the camera assembly.

Coupled Lens System

The camera includes a coupled zoom lens system which can be seen most clearly in Figure 3. The camera employs a pair of lens assemblies 60 and 62 as the viewing and camera optics, respectively. The image from the viewing lens is projected onto a mirror 64 which can be viewed directly or through a viewing port 66 in the camera case through a suitable viewing hood 67 as shown in Figure 1. Mirror 64 has an aperture in its reflective backing at the center of the image. A phototransistor sensor 69 is bonded to mirror 64 at that point to receive

light and provide a flash and room light sensing signal to the control logic, as discussed in more detail below.

The image from the camera lens 62 is projected onto the film 70 when the solenoid 71 of electromechani- cal shutter 72 is actuated by the "open shutter" command at -pin 28 of the CPU shown in Figure 19B. Both lens assemblies 60 and 62 are zoom lenses having, in the pre¬ ferred embodiment shown, focal lengths between 110 and 150 millimeters. Both are adjusted in the preferred embodiment shown to operate a fixed distance of 55 inches from the subject. Adjustment of the lenses by operator manipulation of control actuator 15 results in enlarge¬ ment or reduction of the subject image on the film while the image remains in sharp focus. Thus, the operator has adjustable control to allow him to compensate for indivi¬ duals of varying size, seated at a fixed distance.

Figure 20 shows the camera 18 and main light Fl, fill light F2 and backdrop light F3, together with their distances from the subject. A backdrop screen B-t> is placed behind the subject. The seat 11 is the cover of the base unit 12 and may also contain the card reader for reading the customer order cards 20. In the preferred embodiment shown, the automatic flash sensing circuits of the camera are dependent on the components being located as shown in Figure 19. In the preferred embodiment, X ₁ =46"; X ₂ =9" X ₃ =30"; X ₄ =48"; Y-^39"; ^=16"•

In the camera, two lenses are used for viewing and photographing because-, in normal operation, the camera lens 62 is set at fl6. Use of a typical reflex viewing arrangement would not provide sufficient light for adequate viewing with the lens stopped at fl6. Use of the coupled identical lenses stopped at fl6 for pho¬ tographs and f3.4 for viewing provides adequate viewing light for the photographer under normal lighting con- ditions. The coupling system shown links the two lens assemblies mechanically so that they zoom in and out in

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response to operator manipulation of the control lever 15 to provide a view finder image identical to the film image.

Only the center portion (35 x 46mm) of the lens image of each lens is actually utilized in the camera. The full image of the lenses is about 4" x _. 5".

The control of the zoom lens is accomplished using control handle 15 which is rotatable about the axis of shaft 73 to drive a right angle shaft 74 through miter gears 76 and 78, as shown more clearly in Figure 6. The shaft 80 attached to gear 78 is appropriately supported by a bearing 82, while shaft 73 is supported by bearings 84 and 86. Shaft 80 has a sprocket 88 attached to one end thereof. That sprocket, as shown in Figure 8, in- eludes two toothed portions with a central space there¬ between to accept the non-slip drive belt 90 shown in Figure 7. The drive belt has a number of projecting teeth 92 which project from its central portion 91. Central portion 91 of drive belt 90 passes through the space between the two disk portions of the sprocket 88, while the tooth portions 92 engage the sprockets on both sides of the space. Drive belt 90 follows a path over sprocket 88, idler sprocket 93, around the annular sprocket 94 of the viewing lens assembly 60 around the annular sprocket 96 of the camera lens assembly 62, around further idler sprocket 98 and back to the drive sprocket 88. The gear ratios of the sprocket 88 to the sprockets 94 and 96, as well as the internal gearing of the lens assemblies 60 and 62, are selected in the pre- ferred embodiment to permit the photographer, when operating a predetermined distance from the subject to control the size of the image of the subject to appropriately fill the film space independently of the size of the portrait subject. Rotation of the control handle 15 through approximately 180 ^* will move the zoom lenses 60 and 62 through their operating range.

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A standard electromechanical shutter assembly 72 with a solenoid 71 is mounted on the rear portion of the camera lens assembly 62. The shutter is controlled by the control circuitry discussed below under the heading Camera Control System. Suitable shutter assemblies are manufactured by Uniblitz.

Film Transport Mechanism

The film is normally carried by a supply canister 102 shown in phantom outline on a supply shaft 103 which includes, at its base, a supply canister locater cam 104 having a shape which can be mated with the supply canister to assure its proper positioning.

The take-Lip canister 105 includes a cutting edge 105A actuated when the door is opened to cut off the film under command of the control electronics prior to opening of the camera door. The film is cut off and rolled into the take-up canister 105 which is then sealed to permit daylight loading and unloading of the camera.

The film 70 is fed between a drive plate 106 and a component mounting plate 107. The film is passed over rollers 108 and 110 at the bottom and top of drive plate 106, respectively, to facilitate the transport of the film.

In the preferred embodiment shown, the film 70 is 46 millimeter film to accommodate the addition of a data track of written material relating to photographs taken, as well as a data track of bar code information. The photo image is 35mm wide.

A piece of the film is shown in developed form in Figure 13 to illustrate the format. The actual pic¬ ture area 109 in the center of the film has 35 millimeter width with a 5-millimeter wide bar code track and a 6-millimeter wide track for written information. The film sprocket holes ill are spaced on 46 millimeter cen- ters to provide a picture area which is 46 millimeters

long and to avoid interruption of the written information field 113 which can be utilized to record the name of the person being photographed or other similar information. A digital or bar code data track 115 is shown on the other side of the portrait area 109.

Figure 4 shows the component mounting plate 107 and some of the important sensors and other components in exploded form. The photo aperture 101 is sized to form the 46mm X 35mm photo image on film 70. A further aper- ture 109 is positioned above and to one side of photo aperture 101 to provide for the projecting of bar code information onto track 115 on the unsprocketed side of the film. The bar codes are formed by a bar code genera¬ tor 117 which uses fiber optics elements 119 to conduct light from a light emitting diode matrix inside of the generator to form bar code bars on a step-by-step basis as the film is stepped past the generator.

One fiber optic element of the generator 117 is shown in schematic form in Figure 22. The narrow end 118A of the fiber optics element 119 is connected to receive the light output of its associated LED in the array shown in Figure 19F of the control electronics.

There is one such fiber optic element for each LED.

Masking (not shown) is provided to prevent light from one LED to couple into the fiber optic element 119 associated with another LED. The other end 119B of each fiber optic element 118B has a length 1 corresponding to the width of the 5mm data track 115. The width of the end 119B is selected to correspond to the width of the narrowest bar code bar.

Using this arrangement, a bar code based on 12 bits can be generated. Since the CPU used in Figure 19B is an 8-bit processor, the LED array is multiplexed in two, six-LED arrays. The first six LEDs have their cathodes connected in common to bit position 8 and the other six have their cathodes connected in common to bit

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position 7. The anodes are connected to bits 1 to 6. Thus, bits 7 and 8 select the sub-array to be energized, while 1 to 6 select the particular diode in the sub-array to form the bar code. The bar code is formed of "narrow" and "wide" bars and spaces in a standard code known as Pitney Bowes Code 39. The coded matrix of LEDs may be energized to form a character at each of the eighteen .1006 inch steps that the film advance requires between photos. Written information can be placed on the data track 113 on the other side of the photo image area 109 on the film. The written information, such as the subject's signature, is written on a translucent area 112B of a card which is inserted into the aperture 112 of the "name on" module 114. The written material is illu¬ minated by an array of light emitting diodes located at 120 in the module 114 and the image of the signature is projected through aperture 121 onto the film after it is advanced for taking a photo of the subject. The presence of the "name on" card 112A in module 114 is sensed by reading the coded portion 112B of the card by an LED and phototransistor sensor 114A which provides its output to one of the ports in the ROM in Figure 19C at pin 26.

The movement of the film 70 is controlled by the control electronics and by sensing the sprocket holes 111 on the side of film 70. A sensor 122 is located on the back plate 106 at aperture 122A and the associated light source 123A is positioned on the component plate 107 in aperture 124. The cooperation of the sprocket hole sen- sor 122 and the control electronics is discussed below in connection with the operation of the control electronics.

A "shutter-open" sensor 123 is positioned behind aperture 126 to receive light and provide an output when the shutter 100 is opened. A "bad shot cancel" unit 127 is mounted on plate

107 in apertures 127A and 127B to partially obliterate

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both the photo image and the bar code information under control of the control electronics in the event the operator decides that the previous photo taken is inade¬ quate. The unit is comprised of a light emitting diode and fiber optics to direct light from the diode film.

The film is wound on a take-up reel 105, shown in phantom form in Figure 3, which is mounted on a take- up shaft 213 which drives a spool located within the take-up reel assembly 112. A take-up locater cam 116 is utilized to facilitate the proper positioning of the take-up canister 122 on the camera. Film 70 is passed over a roller 131 before reaching the take-up canister 122.

A film advance cam or metering wheel assembly 118 is used to drive the film under the control of a motor 120. The drive arrangement is shown in more detail in Figures 9 through 12. .The motor 120 is mounted on a plate 133 with its shaft projecting therethrough to drive a gear 132 which, in turn, drives a larger gear 134 mounted on a shaft 136 projecting back through plate 133 to drive a further gear 138. The small gear 138 drives a larger gear 130 which is a part of the film advance cam assembly 118.

The shaft 136 also projects through mounting plate 142. A gear 144 is mounted thereon to drive a belt

146 which passes over an idler gear 145 and drives a gear

150 mounted on the other end of the take-up shaft 213 to drive the take-up shaft.

Because of the extremely wide spacing, 46 milli- meters, of the sprocket holes in the film used in the preferred embodiment, it is necessary to make special provision for the engagement and disengagement of the drive sprocket cogs from the film holes as the film advance mechanism is rotated. In other words, dif- ficulties would be encountered with the engagement and disengagement of the teeth on the sprocket with the

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sprocket hole because of the small radius of the sprocket in comparison to the spacing of the sprocket holes. Figure 12 shows in exploded form the details of the arrangement used to retract the sprocket teeth 150 in accordance with a cam surface to allow the film to move from the sprocket to the take-up reel without damage to the sprocket holes from the sprocket in the film.

The film advance assembly 118 includes a film advance disk 152 which has apertures in its circumference to receive retractable film advance pins or teeth 150. Each film advance pin has a cam pin 156 projecting out¬ wardly therefrom perpendicular to the face of the film advance disk 152. The pin 150 is urged into an extended position by a compression spring 154 and the cam surface. When the film advance disk is properly positioned in the assembly 118,- the cam pins 151 engage the inside surface of film advance cam 158 to force the film advance pins 151 to retract within the circumference of the disk 152 to disengage the pins 150 from the sprocket holes of the film 70 as the film leaves the surface of the advance cam assembly 118 to move to roller 131. The spacing of the pins is such that two sprocket holes are engaged at all times.

FILM CHANGING AND LOADING Film may be loaded in daylight because a sealed canister system is employed. To protect the film, the opening of camera door 17 is controlled by the logic cir¬ cuit. After the camera is set up and the I. D. and class code are entered, the code 105 followed by zero is entered to advance film. If there is no film, the camera will so indicate by displaying OOF. If there is film, the display will indicate 000. The number of shots remaining may be displayed by entering code 101 followed by zero. The response is the number of shots remaining in the supply canister.

The door 17 is opened by entering code 114 followed by zero. The door lock solenoid 21 is actuated by the circuitry shown in Figure 19A in response to the output at terminal 36 of the CPU in Figure 19B. When solenoid 21 is actuated, the pawl 21B is released and door 17. swings open along the path marked 17A in Figure 3. In Figure 3, only a fragment of door 17 is shown.

The supply canister is loaded on spindle 103 and aligned with locater cam 104. The film is passed over guide roller 110, backing plate 106, guide roller 108, metering wheel 118, under roller 131 and into take-up canister 105. After the film is fed through and care has been' taken to properly engage the sprockets on metering wheel 118, the film is advanced by entering several code 105s followed by zeros to make sure the film advances properly. The canister cover is then installed. A cutting edge 105A is positioned in it just clockwise to the opening.

The camera door 17 is then closed with care being taken to engage the projecting ears of the" take-up cover with the door spanner 167. A code 117 followed by zero is then entered, causing the film to advance nine frames. The number of shots in the supply canister can then be entered. If the supply roll is full, the code 999 is entered. It will be translated in the camera to 1320, the quantity of film on a 200-foot roll. If a par¬ tial roll is loaded, the exact number of shots is entered (up to 998) .

To change film when the camera is in operation, the number of shots remaining in the supply can is deter¬ mined by entering code 121 followed by zero and reading the display.

The code 100 followed by zero is applied causing the film to advance nine frames. When the film advance indicator 18A goes out, the door spanner knob 167 is rotated counter-clockwise until it stops rotating the

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take-up canister cover to cut the film 70 with cutting blade 105A and seal the opening on the take-up can. If any key other than "A" is depressed, the door lock 21 is released. After the door 17 is opened, any key other than

"A" resets the lock. The take-up can 105 is removed and the film change procedure may then be employed. The "A" key will initiate a one-frame advance of film. The door is then closed and any key other than "A" pressed will advance nine frames of film to complete the film change.

CAMERA CONTROL SYSTEM

The camera control system operates under control of a keyboard 160 which may be mounted on the side of the camera 10 or may be remote from the camera and connected to the control electronics within the camera by a ribbon cable 161 as shown in Figure 1. In the preferred embodi¬ ment shown, the keyboard is connected to the camera by an 8-foot long cable with 8 conductors. The keyboard, the display and the firing switch send and receive infor- -nation in multiplexed form to the camera control.

As shown in Figure 19G, the keyboard 160 has a cross-wire switch assembly 161 which makes a connection between one of the four display strobes PB0, PB1, PB2 or PB3 and one of the display data conductors PB4, PB5, PB6 or PB7. The keyboard display bus, as seen in Figure 19C, is connected to the output ports of the 8755 ROM.

In addition to the keyboard 160, inputs are pro¬ vided to the control electronics by other means, including the on/off switch S,, which is mounted on base unit 12. There is also a "door closed" sensor providing inputs to the control system, which provides its outputs in response to switch contacts carried by the door actuator 167 shown in Figure 1 on the side of the case. The sensor does not sense whether the door is open or closed, but does change state to indicate that the opera-

tor desires to open the door, thereby initiating the "door open" subroutine.

The general operations performed by the control electronics are as follows. When the camera is turned on initially, it is necessary for the camera operator to identify himself b -inputting his camera operator I.D., a three-digit code, on the keyboard. Once applied to the camera, the I.D. remains until the power is shut off. A second group of digits read into the random access memory are the day and date on which the pictures were taken. This information is not input manually. The camera control system has its own clock powered by- a battery 168 mounted on the ^' electronics circuit boards within the camera. The battery has long life of up to a year. The battery drives the 58167, a clock integrated circuit or IC. That IC is used to store camera usage information when the camera is powered down and is not operating and is also used to continuousl . record the day and date without regard to whether the camera is connected to a conventional power source.

The control electronics receives information concerning the operation of the camera from a number of sensors. The "door closed" sensor delivers its status information to terminal 33 of the central processor unit, as indicated above. A low voltage indicates the door is locked.

The "shutter open" sensor 122 is located behind aperture 126 on plate 107 as shown in Figure 4. The shutter open sensor delivers its output signal through the transistor amplifier shown in Figure 19A to terminal 31 of the central processor module as shown in Figures 19A and 19B. A high voltage at the CPU pin indicates that the shutter is open.

The sprocket hole sensor 123B for sensing the presence of the film sprocket holes is connected to pin

30 of the ROM memory module shown in Figure 19C after

passing through the field effect transistor amplifier shown in Figure 19G. The voltage at the pin of the ROM is high when a hole has been found. The same sensor is used to indicate the camera is out of film by enabling it midway during the film advance subroutine when the sprocket hole is not between the source 123A and sensor 123.

The flash sensor 69, which is mounted behind the viewing mirror 64 so as to receive light reaching mirror 64, has its signal coupled to the input of the analog to digital converter shown in Figure 19H.

Information taken from coded cards by the cir¬ cuit shown in Figure 19B is coupled to the latch circuits shown in Figure 19E. The card reader strobe senses whether the data card has been inserted and applies a high voltage to indicate presence of a card and the four data lines are connected to similar sensors which detect the presence or absence of black coding marks 20A at predetermined positions on the coding cards. The cards are used in the preferred embodiment to indicate the number and type of prints ordered by a photographic subject. As shown in Figure 21, it may be seen that the coded spots on the card are positioned on both sides of the card so that either end of the card can be inserted into the reader, either face up or down, without detracting from the ability of the sensors to read the coded information. That information may then be applied to bar code track 115 opposite the portrait 109 of each subject. The order information can also be applied through the keyboard 160.

Similarly, the positioning of a "name on" card in the "name on" fixture 114 is indicated by a photo sen¬ sor applying a signal at pin 26 of the ROM as shown in Figure 19C The command to take a photo is given from the external control 160 by switch S~ which is connected to pin 32 of the CPU. A high voltage at this pin indica-

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tes a request to take a picture.

The control circuit in Figures 19A through 19J also has a number of output functions. One of the output functions is the return connection for the sprocket hole sensing LED as shown in Figure 19C at pin 31 of the CPU.

This signal is high to energize LED 123A.

Another output function is the voltage applied to the door lock solenoid at the conclusion of the door opening subroutine. The door lock command generated by the circuitry shown in Figure 19B is passed through the circuitry in Figure 19A. A high signal at the CPU 127 terminal actuates the door solenoid and releases the door lock to open the camera.

A further output is the cancel bad shot LED pair 127 which illuminates a portion of the bar code track 115 as well as the center 109 of the film. "Cancel bad shot" is a subroutine initiated by the operator utilizing keyboard 160 to obliterate the film of a previous poor exposure. Obliteration of the bar code data provides a means whereby automatic processing equipment can avoid printing photographs known to be defective. A high voltage at CPU pin 35 indicates this function is active. The control circuit also provides a stepper motor power enable output at the ROM output (active high) as well as a stepper motor pulse output at P10, pin 27 of the CPU. A rising edge indicates a drive pulse. Because the stepper motor expends more energy in the energized but not non-moving or unpulsed mode, steps are taken to only energize the stepper motor at portions of the camera operating regime when pulses are likely to be applied to the stepper motor. At the same time that the stepper motor is enabled, the film advance indicator is illumi¬ nated to allow the operator to monitor that function and wait until completion of film advance before calling for additional oeprations.

The shutter opening command is a further output

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of the control electronics at Pll, pin 28 of the CPU, which is connected to the shutter solenoid mounted on the rear of the camera lens assembly to open the leaves of the shutter. This command is present when a high signal is at this port.

A still further output of the control electro¬ nics is the flash firing command at pin 37 of the CPU which initiates the flash cycle when the output voltage at that pin is a high level signal. In view of the fact that a complete schematic of the logic circuitry is shown in Figures 19A through 19J, it is not believed to be necessary to describe each and every element in the control system. The programming for the system is indicated in the computer printout appendix attached hereto. In view of the complete schematic and programming information, it is believed necessary to pro¬ vide only a brief further narrative explanation of the various subroutines which are carried out in the camera.

Initialization When the camera is first turned on, it performs an initialization routine as set forth in lines 1450 through 1762 of the program. Several important opera¬ tions are performed during the initialization subroutine. The initial step in the routine which requires operator intervention is the inputting of the operator's I.D. and the code assigned for the particular class being pho¬ tographed. The operator's I.D. is punched in on the keyboard 161 after the display displays the code symbols EID to prompt the operator to enter his I.D. number. The I.D. characters are stored in RAM, and then the display prompts the operator with the code ECC to enter the class code, which is also stored in RAM. This information is then used for coding the bar. code applied to the film and for running tabulations accessible to the photographer. The initialize routine also clears the flag

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which indicates that over 25 shots have been taken in a particular class. A count is kept of the number of shots taken of a class of subjects and an annunciator warns the operator if the number exceeds the 25-shot limit. The camera control system also obtains the number of shots of film left from the clock register and stores that number in RAM. The date stored in the clock is recalled and compared to the current date, and the updating of the day and date register in the clock is accomplished and the roll number is reset to 1. The film roll number is then read from the clock and written to the RAM and back to the clock. The date is converted to the bar code format and coded into the bar code RAM registers for use. The RAM locations storing the "pack" counts are all reset to zero, and the program returns to the main loop. The pack counts are a running tally of the number of each type of order that have been shot. It will be recalled that the order information was obtained either from order cards or the keyboard for each photo.

Main Loop

As indicated at lines 195 to 249, the main loop first acts to ascertain that the photo command button Sm _j has not been tripped, the order information stored in the registers is cleared and ^' the film advance motor is turned off. The system then waits to receive keyboard information from control 160. It is the particular order information that is inputted in the keyboard during this subroutine. If the order information is in proper form, it is then stored under the routine to save keyboard input and store order information. Two separate orders can be stored for each particular subject or photograph.

The class code for the particular group being photographed is entered by the subroutine beginning with instruction 511. The class code is typed into the keyboard. After the class code is entered, the old

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counts stored concerning the number of packs ordered by a particular class is cleared out, as well as the number of frames in the particular class. The 25-shot flag is cleared to zero to begin counting the number of shots taken in the particular class. In order to enable the system to receive the class code, the command code 106 is placed on the keyboard prior to the class code number.

Picture Taking

The picture taking routine commences at line 1908 of the program. The initial check is to determine whether the order information is being derived from drop cards being input into the card reading unit or whether the keyboard of control 160 is in use. This deter¬ mination is made by reading the manual data entry flag to see whether it has been set. If cards are being used, the order information is read from the cards. This is accomplished by reading the output of the latches shown in Figure 19Ξ which receive the information when it is strobed from the card sensors. The next operation in the picture taking routine is to strobe logic input at terminal 8 of the LF398 sample and hold chip in Figure 19H to have its output become a digital representation of the room light received on the sensor 69 mounted on the rear of mirror 64. The room light is then compared to the room light value limit. An error signal is then generated if ^" the measured room light exceeds the stored limit. It is necessary to have the room light below the upper limit in order for the automatic flash to properly operate to control the exposure.

If the room light is below the stored threshold, the open shutter command is generated at port 11 of the central processor as shown in Figure 19B. The command is supplied to the solenoid 71 to open the shutter. The program then jumps to line 983 to generate a

- 27 - 3-millisecond delay. After the completion of the 3-millisecond delay, the program calls for the flash com¬ mand at port 26. The sample and hold chip is strobed and the analog to digital converter is enabled and measures the detected light from the automatic flash. After completion of the analog to digital conversion, the value is read, inverted and saved. The analog to digital con¬ verter reads the flash level after a 190-microsecond delay. Based upon the comparison of the flash level measured to a table stored in memory, between 1 and 5 auxiliary capacitors are selected for firing to augment the amount of stored energy discharged through the flashtube. A discussion of the operation of the flash firing circuitry appears below under the heading Flash Control Circuitry.

After the flash firing routine has been completed, the program moves to step 1038 to verify that the shutter 72 has opened. This input is applied to port 14 of the central processor.- If the shutter is open, the circuit waits for 15 milliseconds. If the shutter is closed at this point, an error message is displayed on the keyboard display. After the 15 millisecond delay, the shutter open sensor is checked again, and, if the shutter is stuck open, an error indication is displayed. If the shutter is. operating properly and has closed at this point, the number of photos taken in the room is compared to the 25-picture register and the display is flashed if more than 25 pictures have been taken in the same location. The flashing of the display does not disable the camera from taking additional pic¬ tures.

After shutter 72 has been confirmed closed, the routine jumps to the label routine at step 1989, which provides for the application of power to the stepper motor 120 to advance the film and the flashing of the bar code date on generator 117.

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The power is applied to the stepper motor and the film is advanced in 18 separate .106124234-inch increments. Twenty pulses of 4-millisecond duration are needed to advance the film through each of the incre- ments. In the preferred embodiment shown, the first three increments of 20 pulses are accomplished without the generation of bar codes, while the next 15 advances are each followed by a single bar code character, although it is not necessary to leave those spaces blank. The bar code data is based on 12 bits of data from RAM and is strobed onto the film in two parts for each incre¬ ment. The LEDs for bits 1 through 6 are energized and then those for bits 7 through 12.

There is a 15-millisecond delay after each incremental advance of the film to allow the motor 120 to stop moving completely before the information is flashed on the film from the bar code generator 117. Power is then removed from the motor and, at the end of the film advance, the name under information is flashed by genera- tor 114 when the LEDs 120 are energized to project the name under information on film track 113.

The first operation after the closing of the shutter is the enabling of power to the stepper motor by means of the output from pin 27 of the 8755A ROM. There is a 10-millisecond delay from the time of the enabling of the power to the stepper motor before the next step in the program. Three film advance increments are accomplished next by calling for pulses. The pointer R0 is set to the bar code data and the count for the number of film advances is set up. The bar. code data is selected and delivered to the LED matrix in generator 117 and is thereby applied to the film. The bar code data is applied in two increments for 250-microsecond time inter¬ vals. After the bar code information is applied, the motor is pulsed and another 12 bits of bar code infor¬ mation is applied at each successive step.

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When the film is in the middle of the movement between frames, the sprocket hole sensor LED 123A is momentarily enabled and the output of the associated sen¬ sor 123 is read. If light is transmitted from the LED 123A to its associated sensor 123 at this point in the operation sequence, it is an indication that the camera is out of film and an error indication OOF is then generated to inform the operator.

If LED 123A does not illuminate sensor 123 at this point, the program continues until reaching the last step in the film advance. When the last step is reached, only ten pulses are applied to the stepper motor, and sensor 123 is then enabled during the succeeding pulses to verify that the film has been properly advanced by detecting that the film sprocket hole appears between the LED and its associated sensor. If the sprocket hole has not yet been sensed, an additional number of pulses, not to exceed 20, is applied, one-by-one, and the stepper motor power is then turned off. Thus, the film is advanced in an open loop configuration for the first 17 of the 18 incremental steps. After half of the pulses for the last step have been delivered, the hole sensor 123 is enabled and pulses are applied individually until the hole is properly sensed. Once the hole has been sensed, the "motor off" routine is enabled to remove power to the stepper motor 120. The final pulse applied to the motor has a reverse polarity to cause the stepper motor to come to rest in the proper position.

After is has been verified that the film is pro- perly positioned, the program step 2052 verifies whether or not the "name on" information is to be added to the picture by checking the output of sensor 114A to see if the spot 112B on card 112 is present. If it is, a logic signal is detected at the card strobe location shown in Figure 16A. The LEDs 120 in the name on device 114 are then energized to illuminate the name on card and place

the written data on the film 70 adjacent the related image 109. The program then decrements the "frames remaining" count, storing it in the clock module in Figure 19D. The program'bumps the running tally for the number of packs ordered, clearing out the old order data and also bumps the number of frames shot. The program then advances to the main program and waits again for a closing of the firing command button.

In addition to the main photographic routine which includes the control of the flash, the control of the film advance, bar code generation and name under information assemblies, the camera also has a number of other routines utilized in connection with its normal operation. All of these routines are shown in the attached program material and briefly discussed below.

FLASH CONTROL CIRCUITRY

The camera system employs a novel flash control system utilizing the flash circuitry shown in Figure 18, together with the control circuitry of Figure 19. As shown in Figure 20, the system employs a main flash unit Fl, a fill light unit F2 and a backdrop light F3 which is located behind the subject to light a backdrop screen.

Those flashtubes and their associated firing circuitry are . located in modules 201 through 203 in Figure 18. Each module includes a conventional flashtube, a transformer Tl to couple the firing signal to the grid of the flashtube and a main energy storage capacitor Cll which stores the energy which creates the flash when the flashtube is energized by a signal being applied to its grid. In the preferred embodiment shown, the capacitors Cll for each of the flash units 201, 202 and 203 are 500 microfarad capacitors. For the reasons discussed below, the amount of flash illumination pro¬ duced by discharging capacitor Cll through flashtube FT1 is below the amount needed to develop an adequate expo-

sure under normal conditions.

Additional energy modules 205, 206, 207, 208 and 209 are provided for supplementing the energy stored in the main flash energy ^storage capacitors Cll with energy stored in capacitors such as C17 of module 205, a 170 microfarad capacitor. As discussed more completely below, these additional energy storage modules are used to supply additional energy to the various flashtubes during discharge to bring the total light emission up to an adequate level to take a proper photograph. The determination of the number of supplemental units to be used to supplement the energy in Cll is made by the control electronics.

During the picture taking routine, the light level on the subject is measured by the sensor 69 which provides an analog signal to the analog to digital con¬ verter which', in turn, provides a digital representation of the lighting level for use in the control circuitry of Figure 19. After a predetermined time interval sub- sequent to the initiation of the main flash unit, the reflected light from the subject is measured by sensor 69 and the value compared to a table stored in the memory unit. Based upon the lighting level measured, the CPU then calls for from zero to five additional units 205, 206, 207, 208 or 209 to be fired to increase the amount of energy discharged in the arc in the flashtubes to increase the lighting level. Thus, the system utilizes an initial flash of known intensity to illuminate the subject, obtains a reflective signal indicative of the lightness or darkness of the subject and. calls for the addition of supplemental capacitance to increase the amount of energy produced by the flashtube to adequately illuminate the subject to obtain a proper photographic image. This flash control system differs substantially from known flash systems where an energy storage capaci-

tor is utilized which has more than enough energy to pro¬ vide adequate lighting for the subject, and additional means are provided to terminate the flashtube discharge, either by breaking the series connection between the energy storage capacitor in the flashtube or by providing a parallel shunt path for energy from the capacitor around the flashtube to quench its output. The system also differs substantially from prior art systems employing the discharge of a control flashtube to illumi- nate the subject, prior to opening the shutter, to obtain a sensor reading which is then utilized to preset the amount of energy to be delivered to a second flashtube which is subsequently fired. In that type of prior art system, the initial illumination of the subject which occurs prior to the opening of the shutter can cause a number of problems, including adverse reactions of the subject being photographed to the initial control flash to adversely affect the quality of the photograph ultima¬ tely taken. The system also requires use of a control flashtube and a main flashtube.

In the preferred embodiment shown, the main com¬ mand to the flash is generated at Figure 19B of the control circuitry at pin 37 of the central processor. That signal is used to illuminate a light emitting diode in the 4N26 module which, in turn, couples its light output to the phototransistor which is turned on when illuminated to actuate the primary winding of transformer T2 which, in turn, fires the main silicon controlled rec¬ tifier SCR1 to actuate the primary windings of the trans- formers, such as Tl, in the three flash modules 201, 202 and 203 to fire the main flash units. The flash discharge in the flashtubes then begins, and, after a predetermined time as the flash approaches its full intensity, the reflected light from the subject is measured by the sensor 69 and the analog to digital con¬ verter. After the digital representation of the light

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reflected is compared to the tables, the circuit selects the appropriate number of auxiliary modules 205, 206, 207, 208 or 209 to be actuated and applies appropriate signals to the AND gates shown in .the right-hand portion of Figure 19F. When those gates are strobed with a 100 microsecond pulse from the 9602 module on Figure 19F, positive pulses are produced at the appropriate inputs of the auxiliary modules. When a pulse is produced at the input to module 205, the LED is illuminated, turning on the phototransistor and turning on the Darlington tran¬ sistor pair Ql, Q2 to actuate the primary winding of transformer T3, thereby firing SCR2 to couple the posi¬ tive terminal of auxiliary capacitor C17 to the high voltage DC bus 210 to which the three main flashtubes are connected.

In order to vary the automatic flash charac¬ teristics, the sides of 'the auxiliary capacitors can be altered or the programming in the computer can be changed to call for different amounts of capacitance to be added in response to different detected levels of flash intensity.

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