WO1998029523A1 | 1998-07-09 |
US2518786A | 1950-08-15 | |||
US5687814A | 1997-11-18 | |||
DE921946C | 1955-01-07 | |||
FR607969A | 1926-07-12 |
PATENT CLAIMS
1. The capillary distributor, characterized in that it comprises in particular inlet tube, capillary distribution device, tubes, and housing.
2. Invention according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises arbitrary number of thin capillaries - tubes with optimized diameter of the holes and length of the capillaries, these optimum parameters defined according to size of granulates comprising material for distribution whereas the diameters or lengths of different tubes can be same or different.
3. Invention according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the entrance holes of the capillary distribution device can be concentrated symmetrically around the center, or they can be distributed closely one to another in concentric circles depending on the number of said holes.
4. Invention according to any of preceding claims, characterized in that the inlet holes can be ground or cut off with any other procedure under angle whereas said holes can be turned inward, or outward.
5. Invention according to any of preceding claims, characterized in that the entrance holes are cut-off in such a way that the entrance plane into the capillary is perpendicular to axis of the capillary.
6. Invention according to any of preceding claims, characterized in that the capillaries can be set onto the tubes in arbitrary position of the capillary distributor or they can be lead together to reduction piece on which all fittings are implemented on at least one part of the device adapted for the purpose.
7. Invention according to any of preceding claims, characterized in that with optimization of diameter and length of the capillaries the uniform distribution is provided at the exit of the lubricant with high content of solid particles, in particular metal ones.
8. Invention according to any of preceding claims, characterized in that the device depending on the structure of the lubricating material and conditions of the use may be manufactured from metal, plastics, or any other material or combination of the materials.
9. Invention according to any of preceding claims, characterized in that on the exits of the capillary distributor the tubes of appropriate dimensions are attached (e.g. 06 mm) which are each placed into holes in the rail head or into grooves in the spreading knife.
10. Invention according to any of preceding claims, characterized in that said tubes are inserted into spreading knife, said spreading knife comprising arbitrary number of grooves.
11. Invention according to any of preceding claims, characterized in that said tubes are inserted into spreading knife with arbitrary number of grooves whereas there can be uniform or non-uniform spacing between the grooves..
12. Invention according to any of preceding claims, characterized in that said tubes are inserted into spreading knife with arbitrary number of grooves whereas with optimization of distances between the grooves the optimum deposition of lubricating material onto the rail is obtained. |
Capillary distributor and spreading knife for rail lubrication while using special depositing materials
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Field of technology
Lubrication; distributor of lubricant, rail transportation; railway traffic
Description of the problem
During rail transport there is increased friction in curves between wheel rim and rail. This friction causes screeching noises and extensive tear both of the rails and the rims. The largest problems can be found in bent section (curves) where there is a relative drift between the rail and the wheel, this causing intensive wear of both, screeching noises (in curved sections). Due to the above one must search for such lubrication technique to enable use of lubricating media which withstand extreme pressures and temperatures. These materials contain high percentage of solid particles, in particular metal ones. The lubrication material should be delivered in controlled manner in particular locations in predetermined quantities in order to reduce necessary amount of the lubrication and whereas the resulting operating costs of the lubricating device are reduced as well as quantity of waste lubrication material is reduced. The lubricants with very high content of solid particles can only be distributed with great care in order to receive similar quantities of material at the exits in particular when special media are in question. The essence of the invention of technical problem is therefore to obtain such means of lubricant distribution to obtain uniform quantities of the material at the exit, these quantities of homogeneous content, and further these quantities obtained in repeatable (constant) manner, in particular for special media.
State of the Art
The lubricating devices using the lubricants with low content of solid particles, in particular metal ones, do not have problems with their distribution as state of the art
suffices. One can use distribution grooves (within spreading knives), progressive distributors, distributing rods etc.
The problems with distribution of materials - lubricants are present when one wishes to distribute the lubricants with high content of solid particles, in particular metal, which are exposed to very high pressures, high or low temperatures, humidity and other loads. The distribution of these materials with devices known so far is not equal (even), and further, using so called metal sealing causes the moving parts to seize, there is accumulation of lubricant and other problems.
Description of new invention
The subject of this invention is capillary distributor and spreading knife for rail lubrication while using special depositing materials and solves the above described technical problem.
As successful solution for providing of constantly even quantity of the matter at the exits from the lubricating device is distribution of the material through so called capillary distributor. Capillary distributor is comprised in particular of an inlet tube, capillary distribution device, capillaries, and housing. The distributor is comprised of arbitrary number of thin capillaries - tubes of desired length. It is important that the inlet holes are separated with as thin wall as possible. Depending on size of granulates (solid particles) which comprise material for distribution one can determine optimum diameter of holes and length of capillaries - tubes whereas the diameters and lengths of said tubes may be different.
The tests have shown very precise and permanently stable measuring of quantity of special materials. Higher reliability of the distribution is achieved if inlet holes are ground under angle, and they are turned outward or inward. The material used for manufacturing of capillary distributor may be different (e.g. from metal or plastics, or any combination of materials) which also depends on the structure of the media and conditions of use.
Inlet holes of capillary distributor are, depending on their number, either concentrated symmetrically around the centre, or they may be distributed close one to another in concentric circles. While using them on rail one can put on capillary distributor exits tubes of particular size, e.g. 06 mm and are inserted (each by each) into holes drilled in the rail head, or they can be inserted into grooves in the spreading knife. The capillaries can be put onto the tubes on desired position of capillary distributor or they can be lead together to reduction piece on which all fittings are present in at least one part of the device adapted for the purpose.
The advantages of the method and device according to this invention are in particular low use of lubricant with high effects and uniform distribution of lubricant at the exits, in particular for special lubricants with high content of solid particles, in particular metal ones. The cycles of filling of the reservoir for lubricant are greatly reduced which means rationalization of work and lubricating material and at the same time has positive effect on reduction of pollution of environment.
The essence of the invention is in more detail explained below using description of preferred embodiment and description of the figures, these figures forming part of this application, and showing:
Figure 1 shows inlet tube (1), capillary distribution device (2), capillaries (3), tubes (4), housing (5).
Figure 2 shows capillary distribution device (2).
Figure 3 shows capillary distributor (6), spreading knife (7), lubricant (8), rail (9).
Figure 4 shows tubes (4), capillary distributor (6), spreading knife (7), reduction piece (10), groove for tube in the spreading knife (11).
In preferred embodiment shown the inlet tube (1) is leading the lubricant to capillary distribution device (2) whereby said device comprises inlet holes ground under angle and turned outward which does not limit the invention as the inlet holes of the capillary distribution device can also be turned inward or capillaries can be cut is such a fashion that the inlet plane into the capillary can be perpendicular to the axis of the capillary (3). At the same time at the entrance into the capillary distribution device (2) the particular capillaries can be ground (or cut off with any other method) under different angles. In the capillary distributing device any desired number of capillaries can be installed whereas the number of the capillaries does not limit the scope of this invention. The capillaries can be positioned inside the housing (5) of the capillary distributor (6). The capillaries can be within capillary distributor (6) or within especially formed reduction piece (10) fastened onto the tubes (4) of appropriate size which usually have larger diameter than the capillaries (e.g. 06 mm), however the attached tubes can have same diameter as capillaries or even smaller diameter. The tubes (4) from the capillary distributor (6) through which the lubricant (8) is delivered are positioned into the spreading knife (7), in particular into grooves for tubes within the spreading knife (11) positioned at the side of the rail (9), or each tube can be inserted into the holes in the rail head.
The spreading knife can have arbitrary number of grooves whereas there can be uniform spacing between the grooves or the distances can be non uniform. Using the optimization of spacing between particular grooves one can additionally influence the optimization of deposition of lubricating material onto the rail.
It is self evident that above described invention can also be implemented in different embodiment which does not alter the essence of the invention.