;,' ; Cartsian Loop Transmitter Rlid Method 0 Rdjus-binT An : Outp'ut. Leve7 : l d£ Svch : Transmitter Field'of the InvenW oi ;, ; z the TheupreSsant ; intentitÆoh teflates"to radìo linèare . :.. 'The"pe"set. nvehti'ohela. t. es-to Badio in' , +trànsmittersr¢MOre spécificålIy';,''ít relFates aSlínèår. ; Wransmitter, who'se'sta : bility. of'operati, on. is"maizitained, withau-G an : isolator and-a rtiettiod : pf adjustng. n. output..,. evelo ; fEsQ¢h . transmitter. ust {° g, o., camaiizycation devices ° use antennas ; tcs rovide : effidieht4, tran6m ! i6ii, C (, fre LtIRC, t-bibmu'rii*c-ation, silg-nal : §'.' The. tiansmittex portion :,'amp. communicåX-dévice'lncludes a poWerZampli'fi'évr, ßtto,,,, ampJ_ify, the adi. o frequency. sa : gnas bsfors they are- . : : : , upled to. he antehna"f6k'transmissioii,. commaniaation,'sytens work in narroyi, £requency. banls. he ransmxtter's cycui'zies requxr :, RF owex amplif. ers. able. to operate in a. line, ax. ash. on. Iznear åmplsîfidatìon :, ìs, réquired : tWoprèvent. distörtion. of. the,.. > modulated. sgaa. =and miria. ntzzi : n the-mererence ;- : , Aoweves zionl. neaxi. ty,, o£ xeal' : wor. ld RE'ampTifiers áppeaks when thèy, tare, operàted at'high,, driye le*éXs*.". m... SSlmllar sitùatìons may, bescaused by òperatipgg .' : conditions..... For ;. example,'' a/transmitter operating near ;'an',, =e. lctromagneticall. y fefi. ective sruGtue may be,.. s'uscep'tibls to'energy refJ. ected lank through. the ntenna wr, f There, are known in the'art'transmitters, i-h 'improved l1neati, ty. O, ne method of'l'in6. aiizatio'n of . 0transoStters. isStouse'a, Cárteslån : $eedbac'k, 1Onp, based

lineara. zez. Tlie., Cartesian' feedback. linearivxer allows' maintaining. linearityrdf they. transmitter=while-stil : l' allowing R. 'j o'its :, saturation pói, nt, thussmåintainlag goôd, efficzèncye To,, ^ pro, tect. aginst, changes. in=load iinpedance s a :,. resul. of, re£lecE, ecl., energy, an ^isolaz °ar cirulator is"often. >insertedbètwéen. theSantenna àndsthe pöwerfampli-flQerX qTh, isolator6protécts'the powséramptifier by absorfing < 'the reflected : : ienèrgywabn"d, poreventing itffrom reaching the ^ ainpl. i. £iex ;' The", i : soaor'dixects, the relected'sriergy. to '; àn absorptive lo'åd''tepBinatzon. Althò ; úghtthé. isolator 4,' , genèr'aLlytw, òská well, it addsvsignificàntcost¢sizer Sj" t and, weighttto the de. si. gn óf/a^r'a'diocoxmunicátion",, ;, device. . Tsolators are narrotband, expeitsive anci have lrge. : physa : oal'dimensions" (especi. ally ; atY Iaw . f'ecuncies7. .., x :, There ae-also known, in ; the. ar arteszan. loop H>' h one such,, Oxample'is - described,. in. US patents app'iieation Mo.' ; US2003/00312-71, '' ! r, In,., this°°document, a method : for"isolator elimihat-ion is clislosed.. Tn_th. is p : ior art solut : ion a"isolat, or . el. iminator povidas phase' » and level correct-ion, siginals ,., ' thè basís ofDsamples''of'an,, informa : tiog, åiginal ßnfsa f drive. si : gnal'sampled fxoni a veedlaack, loop : heae. correction signals-mintaxz. stabilitythe operation : f°w ° the txazisinitter :..',, , :...,. <.. > :..,." ffi Th. eré-i, s^à needtfor,'an"apparátps 8nd', apmethod fór v acljusting ; an, ouput : ve7. of a Carsa. an loop..', trànsmitter which alieviate or overcome-the ^.''^ fthe prior art.,

>, : According.. tb t ; first aspect fethe'0present' » 'inteAtionfithere-is-thtus proYlded a ; Carté'sián-loppg 't'zansmitter comprising a foxwa. d, path- atid a feedback ; t., path., (eaeh o£ tese , paths compriing an : z-channeZ. arid c : v'" transmit, te, r comprising : a-first barid fia : ien c''n'i'd'ta"I,-haii ".'". a. irs ow. pa. ss"f'iLt, eE nd. a'first baMd ; pass.-=. ..''",. ec e 6 el, after looid idoles and zexos. ni beore ; upconverteis (this, oint'o'i1'the 'j. circúìt will be^furth"ertreSferencèd åsSP r a. second loca gass. filer and.. a second band, pass > 'f,,, ilt (r.. conTiectdd to, Q-channel at LP2 ; *'", a first4, gQot. meansquare0detector colSle, cg : ing signal : ''/froim, sáld flrst low pas5 fiItérDànd. from--såid s sond. ; liw pass. ;-S, 7. te, :. _,, 'a" ; econd i66t niein sqlre c '.'',,,,, $agnal, fr. omi, said first band patss filter0and ; Erom 0 ond b te ''a'divider-eonriecEed"to said first° dnd sai : el second. root "., t . :.. . , s a gompatátor connected tó saidNdivide ande to, > 5 å-wiigroproocessoruconnectèd to', ahiiXinput ; 0. attèndåtor, s : : *"a'Nti. croprpcesso'r'connect'ed to' ; aM"l'hpQt ; attehUators.-. ; ; and : : on sazd _. and Q=ctiann, els ^ ° . £o a ; secorict asp ect ; of thie'pxewent. 'invention. ther'Is'''ttts'provided a'met'.. . :'. el of a, Cartesian 20op, trinsmitter it a . cligtal4°yadio.syst. emr The method'comprising"thc, steps-o" ; applyincja a factory redefined'atten atation setting ; for . adgustiong saad, outpu^t'level, ifeattenMuation setting'fõr, av previtSUS slot is. nof avail, able, or applying"sai' attenuation-setting obtained ; in'. previo ;""-'-- ; adjusting said. output, level : : in : a current slot. Further"... ,. steps aSree'ßáuring an on-channelabaseband. siSgnal levél , as. well as. a, noise : level.'at. predefined frequency offset.'.'.

at T ; P2 anci, hen ealcu°lati : ng a zatio of said'noise'leWe1 'to : said'on, chann. el baseband signal ;'levelt'. lfsaidratio.' isabove a hreshold sa : id atteriuation °s, etW rig.. o a v->, . inpuW signal'is inereased, F' ?. nally : storing sai. d,,. 'attenuation settirig in a memory". Characteristics of a, Radio Frd (uL-ic"'_P . imlif ier'. (e. g, 14t u,- ptSSaer, etc.) change under iriflyerice Vp, ltag2. Standing......, Wave Ratio. (VSWF2). ; The pasen° invn. ion lnefia. J. 7. y, 'aTlows acjusing a-Cartesi. azt ; locip. output, gos'. re. ly..... Frequerrcy, Po ir Amplifier (RFPA)'' ,, nonlinearl ty.-- . Advain. taiges « « oflthS Étresent'inve, ntign include^ t he o', do. es-not,-, r6lr ip, FA : behaviou-r,'ver'sU6" (VSqk) :' An', tlg6, rithm is mbriitbring, non-linear-products b'ehavzour. m'-a2)-The.. methocl dQes.. nci rec7uixe,. RFPA charactexist : ic 'fact,. ry, til'nii, g.., . ; 3). Themethol°anci he apparatus accordzngo the% e .-. ; : 3). The'method'and the apparatus-. according tdthe"-i' : t invention ensure eXt=emel'y" ;,, fas, t reacti, on 'Br3. ef descr : Lpt : L n f, f-hii ctt6 : 4inqfs Bri£ descr3pion of$. £he draerings TFie p, reseit. : inveniow : Wzll., buntle'rstpd. and y ''"'Whe,'p, resent',. ínventinnowi ? : : l «, bexuntdershtogd. and g :-apppeoiated''' ! nore'ful. ly from the'following.. detailed ;....' cesra, pt. tn taken itn con, unctzon iith the'iirawings zn ,'.,., °,. ; ..,..,..". ;' wh. h','.,. . .. ;.,.,.,... ' Fig 1 is a sofiematic diagram. -J-, l. ust. rata. ng a . Cartesian loopytransmitter in accordan « e ;. with an : - embodiment of t, tie prsen' invent, izn ;'°

2'is'a. flov, cbart',"a,, m'ethod'o,'f. . adju8tinq' an butpitlevel of Ca r-e's ^. o , transmitter, iri-a6dbXd'a'th Ib ! di a4 of,--the' Elg.,, 3 is, a simplified diacrrain of ¢àrt Castes'iànifi ? >dbak'lotgp'hE'ransmi, tter",,,,", ''a'Et. Cates'ian'fSedBaeloop't'Eansmiter"'''--.- ;- 'beailed pdescsipti. n of ; an em6adnt'o£ th , n. ventson ° he t erein below ref6, rs'to". i°ransmitter. c. iruit'lc5cated : tSetweei, loop ;-, olesand eos ;". and. ; ùpmixer., '3e . . Rfermng to rig... T a Gar. esian,'loop, transmitter' '''cj. rcuit''t00'ace&rding"td'"bne'embodiment ; of tHe'present' : : ..-.. ; mventian. s, presented Said Cartes : xan ; loop tansrtter- si00~incorFiórátes'a'>$for'wårdpath lO2Xiåifeedback path l>ii4 ç anei ; an, isolatox"elmiaor ; 106 Said. Crtesin., lpop,.,, trarisinitter v IOa vreaeiires ° anputs aC °a baseband rreq'uency n,-l :- and 07,, : : hannels attenuators,. 108,, and', 11. 0 respectively » ^ Basebnind Si. $nals''fröm's'åidåttenuatórsx 8., > and=. 110 pass Certeszan loop, summing"junctions 7 : 12, aricl ll, tò oamplifiérsànd-lifò : pfllters 1164andç gy+iaK als-la-re then"ub6on, , eitect t o..-requency (RF) sigiials'by-. upcriverters-12pand 122. Saide° E^ .. signals are then : combined at ; a ; RF summex 124. and" 'amplified by _v a Radio,, requency-Power AmpLifier' (RFPA)," "12, 6,', and °thenvtransmittd overr the :, air fxom ari'anterina' ^ :., :,, >"y.. >,. _ :, 12$ ° «'-Såid<gyqedg ; ck, påthjlÒ4 is sMpplied wAith. áféedbac ; k''; > signal fxom a. cliretiona :'couplef 130 <whieh t'akes pat of said. RF si : gnal. from said. forward path 102. Said -" feedbaok signal frgm sald digectiona, l coupler, 13Q. ist

downconvert2cd'to said'baseband frequency,"by,- do'-nconverte. rs ''A local'o illat (LO)', 136,-g6nit, a Q"Qntinuous wave RF'carr : err ; a the £tF tra. nsmit feqnenay : rA sigmal, 'fSrom, said kb 136 is then appli-edt anrIechannUl''ups'5'' : > .. converter 1M and an I-chnnel'down-converter'. 132.'-Said'. ! ; ; : : I0 : : 136, signal.. is. also : pli. ecl to a Q cliayel uP-, . conyertet, 122 thr'u h'f"li flt er" , 158'and. o'aQ-channeS dgwn-convert : ¢r 134*thro. ugh a.,.. ;.. Y ; sècon, d, iD degre, e phasaashìfteX 0o.-. Af. ter.. appying mixi, ng"to bas, eb, and. in saa. d. ; dotrn-4= °°' 'coduexteis 72" ;--7 : 34-said eedfakr-s. gnal isyassed to saicl tirst-summing >iznczons 112 anl 119 ; respect. veijr : ° and bandt low-, pass, signals"at=I, 1'2, :. : : : e, aft'er ;,-nplzfzezs'and loap :-fil'ers" I155 atd, -J : 8 arid, ; laefoxe upconusrt, ers 12 : and 122 Saict" Ioop ilters if : l7. faand118are : basebant : law. pass - and, 2., gaid isolator' "Wi, h xeeeGe xfir. 'ig. 1 erid>2. s. tl isa7 : ator'' ,'elimittatoK'106 : cont'inuously ;'. collects'a'n"on-<hannel'.,......', 'basebar ; d signwal level, as. well asta :'; noise level at, a ; predefinei3 xequenGy otfset ; in.. relation to a. N,' transma. ssion chaanel,"206'and 208 ; from b9th, sa : d -ad. , -aharinels. .. Tn one einbodimerit the frequency ofset ; can, be :.. "."'In one'embddiinentthe'freguency ofset-ecan.'be ; :'."''"' : ' 13 ; -kHz, (or-13. 5'kHz).'This-iadone by. passing' t. he., 1--, channel I. P2. ; signal through'a'centered,. narrow,' 2kHz, I... . :

çfirst : rst bc-ind, pass-f ! Lter 13"5 kitz oftset ; i5hexeas=Q-channe-1 ZP2 sigmal. is, passed, through a^'.,,' second, band pass,', f ilt6r 44',, Said : baseband sxgzal : s"trom, saa. d I- ; azrd S2-channe7.'s..,.. are, Wteed bY :. a fixvst and a second kHzlow : pass. v. , W lters 138ndd°342'respective2y Ther ou : tpufis f. r, om, said bard :, ; pass filers : : 1. 90 and °, , 144 and, low pass fliters138 a'n'd,. 14, 2 a r e oa8sed t, hCgVgh woot imeanSsquare-tRMS) ; ^detSectorso 14-6 and 14Bto^ ? "a'dividex 150..'In'said diYider :'i50. a ratio of. said ; RMS--... of.. said-, noise, level, to. said'RMS,'of said-on-dhdnnel' basebrid sigrial :. Ieve1' ms"eal : cit. a. ed 214 :. ° tesut of"said ,, calctla. tion is passed to a ;-eompaxato 15 : ., Sai. ci', . aoepsratpr,'1, 52 sends signÇàt IGE » if : » said ratio exceeds, a : , prèdefinedsthreshòld THR ; oriLOW. if. <aald~ « ratto. is ;'equa'l ffi «, or biqwás predefined threjshold THR. ç s- >Saicl signl. from'sdzcl compaxaar 1S2 is receaued. by. :..... a-micnxtpocessor 7.. 9, whick ontr, ols. sa3. d. iriplit. ' euato,'rs, 10, 8, ana'liO of and (2 dbaCrihels'. If , said,. sigzzal fi. rom Said :... compartor, 1, 52-is HTK said--. miroprcices. sor 19A serid's'commancl to said'' : inpiit. ;,...... a ; Ctenvatotrs 108 and. 110 to increase'attenuation=18 setting Iy a'Qxeciefxried constant value, :,,., Said : microproccessor 154'applies'tiien a'delaj, 220 o _ executioff of, ; softwaref : which based'on"next''sainples,,. ;, i, åloulatesCs'aid rå, 5 an4=incKeases'; saidVattenuation = , sett, ing.'Said04elaySis~igplèmented by not. readinq ;''' « results of said comparator. 152"for fOK : defined period of'' ; , time. Said--délay is applied-tosénsuretthat after z

increasing', s, axdattenuazon sing=he output : : o athe ° elements of. the cW cui,, i, e. v ai. , . Zters 138,. ; 14p,''192 . ándtl44-will be'stable. (filtèL.. step'. responsè. transieA : t'' ërfect-. wíl-l be over}. n e ., Said micxoprocessor I54 F'stores 22 » said attenua. i. on,, -effect, setinq yo£ _said"input-, atenu, aters 7. OB ; atd. 110, in a',., ° memo, Fy 156 :-,,... 2'shows'e'f low,,, cha i. 1 lti ,'t raf-in d'of adjusting, an- 6utpqt,, level'o i a !'loop, , tr, ansmiiter 14 : 9 in a'digiStaltradio., system. åccording"to « òne embodimentsofKthe, psresent in'vention0."S' :.... :-1,';, In th 'f ; Lrst s', tep'."200' ci whether., said,, frota previous slot,, are stbrid'i : ti saa : d°. memory, 156. ° Tf. said data- are available'saici Cartesian loop ; transmitter 100 :'is adjusted/according'-to !- ;. ; ; : ;' thesstsettinq204 this isXa : : first sIot in^ transmis'sion"and°there'are no= : said attenuataoi'settig° : s, tbred inwsaidimemory, l5 (a, « fåsc : tory defasuLt. seitting., arè ^00 0 used 24'2'fo aclusting. : sa. . dvtzansmi. tter. 1f10. When the :-., trrn5mittçr^10. 0. starts trazsais, sion. sàid on-'channel basseband signal level 206 andosai^dsnoise level atffl pzeclesneC1 : frequency. of£set. 208,. are ; measurec at :'ZP2.- .,. said doi ! §'d level, 212- alnd'4ai'd'. on-channel baseband sigiial. level''210 are taken ; fox calcillation bf a xatia of said'noise. level'to : said,, on,-, channel-basèbånd signàlVlevel ; 214., 5áid noíse is : >alsoN measu. red^. at ; t2*andis mainlyfdue-tolthe RFBA, non-linear''$'v ationpr ducts.

: iz ;', 6qual' oi.,. b : eilowl2l6" a predefined threshold thn° measurements'o. f said'on-chaririel basebaiid" signal"le'vel2Q6. and said. noise' level'. 208'aEe perfdmed. .".- said.. ratio excjeeds-said'thr&O ; h'old, 2, 16,,' said atteuaticrsettin ; afsaxd ampup ; attenu ; ors"1, 08 ani 17 : 0 : are. inceasecl 2lB.. by, a, cozstarit value ;.'AdditinalZy. w, a. delag ìsçàpplïed 220, <tb egecutiòn ofasoftware, which, "rq16'Sr,"'6lculate8"sa'id, ratio. and increases said attenuaticn. settmg... : >, Æ'As^ ; durng ; onètimyslot « a pluralSiy of^SamptlesareX taken, the steps starting'from'measurement df-said, nose,. " revel and said ian-ckiannel baseband szgnal ;'level 20& and 208 though step'f stoiring'222 saxd attenuation seting are,, performeld ; Addxtisonally. in the : step 222-ofçstorzi'ng'sáid » attenuat3. or. parameters saicibaseband signaI leye7. arid," said,. noise ;. level :. ; measured at P2'ae aJ : sv treWa. n, said,. : meznozya 156.,,, shor,, t ex'planation of-thebretical, '',., BalQW-is--ashQrtBXplanationof'th'e.....". r- : baclgrond, of the method of : adaustin'-ha ; ouput : level, w . of Carteslan loop'ttansmitté} aceor, dl, ng','fèrtaniembodiment 0 ofi the. present irrvention °,.. Refecing ; to Fig : ; 3 Whieh a. s, a.. sinipl. fied'di. agram.. of a known-Cartesa. n la9g ransmittr 300' : it'can'be'., >. found that'the transf6E.'Euneinrbm : AVo'to'/LP2-'-'Vo ,. i répr. esénts XFFa 304 noin-linèar iintérmidulàtioa p'roductsjf writvten as °fi411ow :.- ;.

Ici ,, 6-H (f) dlo'1-+-H (. f) g. (Y'Slfi, ) % 3 ; >, r' :. i, JiB'' Ex, zig Whee .,.,.,...,. H"'.,.. .. V6"repr'64§6nt's.. RFPA,, : 304 produ, c, ts, a-,..,..,. s,, RFPA 3, 04 tS (ZSERe, i s, R, FPA 3 0 4, 3 ga, çi n, » Vil, is, aTi'inpUt,, voltage-, to' : V ter, he-loop ) is ; a'l ; opp. ilteiB'302. transee] : func< : ion :,-'' . L : -- : =is ari inpu uoltage : o, tne° Ioop,. .....,-,, . ux 1s a."volt'age', after- the loap £a. le, 30. 2. '' p. is a-feedbacK'loop 3, t36 gain..,. ,"rrom, Eq :' 2a i can'be found that hose on,, ,.. . ineariti'es at'LP2 wiyl-be-dom, n, aed by , $,. 2A.. 30. 4, n r=-' .-'.., in ore : 6irLbbd'lp'the (AGP) ofRFFA 3a9, . be montored, by laokirigY, at r. P. 2 : ° I. ,., one einb"odxmen ; ;, the solat : c ! r. el. iiairatar :, 06, is. > 0-ft J : r-4tiVOly var lementation is :'. tel :, Processor, ; (DS2),. A. otrtaxa irnplementai'on'is ? fe.'at'ively."° ; laW. cost° arid. allows. esy :, zeoonfiguraW on.'Howeve, r . hârdwareimpi : émentation iis alsospossSfble.'krerttieiess m i. t will. be..'appreciated'hat the pr, esent invention'may'. be implemeateci hardware or'softviare ani. may be used in'° radio-communic-ation. devic, >.,..