This is an international application filed under 35 USC §363 claiming priority under 35 USC §120 of/to United States Pat. Appl . Ser. Nos. 61/318,647 & 61/380,777 having filing dates of March 29, 2010 & September 8, 2010, each entitled TUBULAR CARTON CLOSING APPARATUS & METHOD, the disclosures of each hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention generally relates to carton manipulations and/or operations subsequent to erection, for example, loading and closure, more particularly, to systems, apparatus, devices, mechanisms, methods, etc. relating to carton carriage and/or relating to automated selective manipulation of flaps of a carton or case in furtherance of loading and/or closing same .

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The automated erection of a case or carton from a source of case or carton blanks, new or used, is well known, and is for all practical purposes a preliminary or requisite step with regard to subsequent automated carton related actions. Multifunction lines and/or stations are common place, and may be fairly characterized by the steps of carton erection, filling/loading and closure, see for example, the teaching of Anderson et al . (i.e., U.S. Pat. No. 5,558,614), Gebhardt et al. (i.e., U.S. Pat. No. 7,585,265 and U.S. Publ. Nos. US2009/0291816 Al & 2007/0293383), and Pazdernik (i.e., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,445,590 & 5,352,178), the cited teachings of Anderson et al . and Pazdernik incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

As should be readily appreciated, cases or cartons contemplated for erection, filling/loading and closure are those generally characterized by a plurality of carton sidewalls or sidewall panels hingedly linked to one another via creases or fold lines or the like, and a series of flaps, namely, opposingly paired flaps hingedly extending from each carton sidewall panel and likewise delimited by a crease or fold line. Each carton flap includes a series of edges, e.g., a "major" or longitudinal edge opposite and parallel to the crease or fold line distinguishing the carton flap from the carton sidewall panel, and parallel "minor" or lateral edges.

While FIGS. 1-7, and the accompanying description at 183-94, of Iwasa et al . (U.S. Publ. No. US2010/0173765 Al) provide an overview of open and erected cases/cartons and flap manipulations in furtherance of closure thereof, an illustrative, non-limiting discussion nonetheless proceeds, for the sake of clarity, with regard to a conventional rectangular tubular carton. With reference to the "opened" flat rectangular, otherwise-tubular carton of FIG. 1 wherein all carton sidewalls are visible, there are two sets of opposing carton sidewall panels, namely major carton sidewall sets (e.g., CSW _M (CSW _M1 & CSW _M2 ) ) and minor carton sidewall sets (e.g., CSW _m (CSW _ml & CSW _m2 ) ) resulting in an alternating arrangement of carton sidewall panels, e.g., CSW _M1 , CSW _ml , CSW _M2 , CSW _m2 . As to the paired flaps extending from each of the carton sidewall panels, notionally they may be fairly characterized as either "top" or "bottom" flaps, e.g., F _MT and F _MB are top and bottom flaps, respectively, extending from a common major carton sidewall panel (i.e., either of CSW _M1 or CSW _M2 ) . Adjacent flaps (e.g., F _MT and F _mT ) are not linked (i.e., they do not have a common or shared vertical boundary) .

In connection to carton closure, two conventional flap manipulations are widely practiced, namely, those comprised of opposing flap manipulations, commonly a folding of paired minor flaps followed by folding of paired major flaps, or adjacent flap manipulations which result in an interleaved (i.e., fan fold) closure arrangement for the flaps. In the former manipulation, a subsequent seal or sealing as by tape, adhesive, etc., is required, whereas in the latter, the flaps of the fan fold are operatively united so as to secure carton contents without flap sealing.

With regard to the fan fold manipulation, some general observations are warranted. With a fan folded carton closure, a right corner of each flap underlays a left corner of an adjacent flap to the right, or alternately, a left corner of each flap is underlaying a right corner of an adjacent flap to the left. Notionally, each carton flap is characterized by leading and trailing portions or corners which correspond to opposing portions or corners of the flap (see e.g., FIG. 1 wherein "LC" designates a leading flap corner and "TC" designates a trailing flap corner) . As should be readily appreciated, in a fan fold arrangement for either the top or bottom flap set, the leading corners designated in FIG. 1 will underlay the trailing corner of the adjacent flap to the right as the leading corner is manipulated in advance of the trailing corner of the adjacent flap which covers it in the fan fold arrangement.

Flap manipulations in furtherance of closure are a function of, among other things, a qualitative character of the carton flaps. Moreover, with an increasing and continued up tick in carton reuse, and an aim to continually process a wide variety of cartons (e.g., cartons of differing size, or similarly sized cartons having a variety of "backgrounds" or use histories) , or at least reduce batch processing of cartons, the fact remains that not all cartons presented for loading and closure are similarly situated, i.e., are on equal footing as to character/quality/wear.

For example, a "stiffness" for a hinged interface between a flap and its sidewall may be highly variable owing to the character and/or quantity of prior uses. Carton stiffness or rigidity, particularly in connection to the flaps thereof, has implications during carton erection, bottom closure, loading, and top closure. Furthermore, the character and quality of the flaps per se are highly variable, with a periphery thereof oftentimes characterized by bent or worn corners (i.e., "dog ears"), with carton surfaces, e.g., flaps or sidewalls, likewise or potentially degraded in the course of repetitive use(s) . Faced with such realities, new challenges have rendered heretofore known processing approaches less than ideal.

To aid in aligning or orienting the carton flaps for loading and/or meaningful manipulation, a variety of flap guide or retention structures/systems are known for positioning/pre- positioning flaps, whether the carton is oriented/presented in a left/right configuration (see e.g., Pazdernik infra, or Johnson, Jr. et al . U.S. Pat. No. 3,323,283) or a top/bottom configuration wherein the top flaps (see e.g., Anderson et al . , Gebhardt et al . or Iwasa et al . infra, Berney U.S. Pat. No. 3,452,653, or Cromwell U.S. Pat. No. 5,624,368) or bottom flaps (see e.g., Center at al . , U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,066,269 & 5,102,382) are guided, pre-positioned and/or held in advance of loading and/or subsequent manipulation in furtherance of folding.

In connection to carton flap manipulations in furtherance of closure, more particularly, an interleaved fan fold carton closure, known devices require the use of multiple, single function mechanisms, e.g., actuatable arms, to engage and urge a portion of the flap over a "mouth" of the carton. Heretofore known closing mechanisms are generally required to be closely coupled and connected together, forcing the closing mechanisms to be precisely timed and positioned during each carton presentation. Moreover, owing to a general requisite for mechanical precision to effectuate carton closure, several folding mechanism "sets" are generally required to accommodate the processing of cartons of differing sizes (e.g., configuration or dimension) . In lieu of on-the-fly processing of variably dimensioned cartons, processing of a first uniquely dimensioned batch of cartons using a first set of folding mechanism would be necessarily followed by, for example, a change out of the first set with a second set of folding mechanisms to process a second uniquely dimensioned batch of cartons.

Moreover, heretofore known flap folding approaches have, as a requisite, required means to effectively retain, hold or otherwise render static a trailing corner in relation to a leading corner of a flap which is being inwardly urged by a folding mechanism to enable flap flexure or bending in furtherance of an interleaved closure. For instance, vacuum systems have been used with some functional success, particularly with "new" or minimally used cartons, (see e.g., Anderson et al . ^x 178 FIG. 11 & Gebhardt et al . ^x 265 FIGS. 4 & 5 infra) . Discrete mechanical holders/retainers for a trailing corner, perceived as an advancement in relation to the vacuum systems, are likewise known (see e.g., Iwasa et al . FIGS. 17-19 & 36-38 infra) .

In as much as advancements are noted in connection to automated carton erection, loading and closure processing and processing systems, it is believed that shortcomings remain. Processes characterized by multiple, discrete steps, some of which are practiced in parallel (i.e., simultaneously), with others head- to-tail (i.e., sequentially), necessitate systems having a large floor footprint and/or apparatus characterized by a plurality of cumbersome, discrete, single function assemblies/subassemblies which must be finely orchestrated, if even possible, to avoid binding, jamming, etc.

To the extent that an alternate mechanism is used to secure the trailing corners of the carton flaps in lieu of a vacuum system, it is essentially just that - an alternate mechanism which performs the securing function separate and apart from the discrete function of/structure for urging the leading flap corner "inward." Moreover, absent is any on-the-fly system/apparatus adjustment functionality to facilitate a move from a heretofore reliance upon batch processing of select cartons, either owing to carton configuration, dimension or condition/prior use, to a more continuous processing operation. Thus, gains in functional efficiency, e.g., functional consolidation, and/or operational efficiency, e.g., operational consolidation, remain outstanding. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A mechanism to close the flaps of a carton via fan folding instead of using glue, tape, or other means of closure is generally provided. Previous devices require the use of multiple mechanisms to fold the flaps and also required the use of multiple mechanisms when changing carton sizes, resulting in an increase use of floor space and additional costs. Heretofore known carton work stations require a closing mechanisms to be closely coupled and connected together, forcing the closing mechanisms to be perfectly timed and exactly in the same place every time which has proven more difficult in practice, resulting in multiple jams and inefficient operation .

Applicant's flap manipulator simultaneously controls adjacent or neighboring flaps during the carton closing process. This eliminates the use of a vacuum/vacuum systems to hold the flaps and the "dog ears" that are created when using other methods of closure. The fan fold apparatus combines multiple mechanisms commonly used to close the flaps into one mechanism, dramatically reducing the footprint and cost. Moreover, the fan fold apparatus or mechanism is configurable for varying carton sizes, where previous technology required additional mechanisms and change over time and parts. Via such approach, an increase in efficiencies and a reduction in cost is realized. The flap manipulators of the carton closing mechanism do not require close coupling and operate independently, thus resulting in a larger working envelope, additional adjustability for varying carton sizes, and fewer operating jams because the mechanisms do not require exact timing.

As will be subsequently detailed, provisions are made for at least a device, an apparatus and an attendant method for manipulating portions of a carton in furtherance of carton closure. The device, and apparatus/system incorporating same, advantageously includes a flap manipulator, e.g., an arm or paddle, a flap manipulator support, and a flap manipulator guide. The flap manipulator is actuatable for driven engagement with adjacent flaps of the carton and is characterized by opposing first and second end portions with the flap manipulator guide operatively linked to the first end portion of the flap manipulator. The first end portion of the flap manipulator is reversibly translatable in relation to the flap manipulator support upon select actuation of the flap manipulator. The second end portion of the flap manipulator thereby travels in a reversible path delimited by the flap manipulator guide in furtherance of driven engagement of the second end portion of the flap manipulator with the adjacent flaps of the carton.

An apparatus or work station for manipulating portions of a carton in furtherance of carton loading and closure is further provided. The apparatus includes a carton closing mechanism characterized by two sets of opposingly paired flap manipulator assemblies, and a carton carriage spaced apart from the carton closing mechanism and delimited by opposing side panels and an end panel within which an erected carton is positionable . The carton carriage is characterized by first flap guide assemblies and second flap guide assemblies. A flap guide assembly of the first flap guide assemblies includes a member actuatable in furtherance of limiting hinged flap pivoting of a carton flap in a first direction of two directions. A flap guide assembly of the second flap guide assemblies includes a member actuatable in furtherance of limiting hinged flap pivoting of adjacent carton flaps in a second direction of the two directions.

Finally, a method of manipulating portions of a carton in furtherance of carton closure is generally provided. The method advantageously includes engaging a leading corner of a first carton flap intended for manipulation in furtherance of carton closure with a first portion of a first flap engaging element. A trailing corner of a second carton flap intended for manipulation in furtherance of carton closure is engaged by a second portion of the first flap engaging element, the second carton flap being adjacent the first carton flap. Engagement of the leading corner of the first flap and the trailing corner of the second carton flap is completed with a single initial actuation of the first flap engaging element. The single initial actuation of the first flap engaging element is sustained such that the leading corner of the first carton flap commences bending in furtherance of closure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1, referenced in the section captioned "Background," generally depicts a rectangular tubular carton blank in full flat extension, all sidewalls visible;

FIG. 2 depicts, in a perspective slightly from above view, a non-limiting carton closing station characterized by a non- limiting, advantageous carton closing apparatus;

FIG. 3 depicts the framed carton closing apparatus of FIG. 2, folding arms or paddles of a plurality of paddle assemblies in a readied or "home" posture or position for actuation in furtherance of selective engagement with flaps of a carton positioned for closure ;

FIG. 4 depicts, plan view from "above," the unframed carton closing apparatus of FIG. 3 characterized by two sets of opposingly paired paddle assemblies;

FIG. 5 depicts, plan view from "below," the unframed carton closing apparatus of FIG. 3, more particularly, the underside of the structures of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 depicts a paddle assembly of the unframed carton closing apparatus of FIG. 4, namely the particulars of area "6" of FIG. 4 viewed left-to-right, and slightly from above;

FIG. 7 depicts the paddle assembly of FIG. 6, from left-to- right and slightly from below;

FIG. 8 depicts the paddle assembly of FIG. 7, portions thereof removed to display underlaying detail, more particularly, a track segment of FIG. 4 in combination with a carriage translatable thereupon and therealong, and a paddle travel guide of FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 depicts the paddle assembly structures of FIG. 8, slightly from above and slightly from the rear, more particularly, the carriage and track segment of either of FIGS. 2-4 is more prominently depicted;

FIG. 10 depicts the paddle assembly structures of FIG. 8, in an alternate view, namely, slightly from below and from the front, wherein it is to be appreciated that upon actuation, the carriage travels upon the track towards the viewer with the paddle likewise traveling towards the viewer and to the right;

FIGS. 11A-11C each depict, in a plan overhead view of the carton closing station of FIG. 2, a generally advancing sequence of flap manipulation, via progressive paddle travel, with regard to a carton received within the station;

FIGS. 12A-12C represent a non-limiting sequence of flap closure, via progressive paddle travel, not inconsistent with the scope of the disclosure wherein a flap guide is depicted in furtherance of positioning the carton flaps in advance of folding;

FIGS. 13-15 each depict, in varied views, an alternate embodiment of a paddle assembly for effectuating flap manipulation in furtherance of carton closure, the paddle and actuator thereof depicted in a readied state/condition (e.g., at a time "t ₀ ") , FIG. 16 depicts an alternate operative configuration of the paddle assembly of FIGS. 13-15, more particularly, a subsequent actuated state or condition wherein a maximum or near maximum travel extent for the paddle is shown (e.g., at a time "t ₊ ");

FIG. 17 depicts, in a view as FIG. 2, an alternate non- limiting carton closing station characterized by the paddle assemblies of FIGS. 13-16;

FIG. 18 is a plan view, from above, of the station of FIG. 17, "t ₀ " and "t ₊ " carton flap manipulations indicated which correspond to the paddle travel as indicated in FIGS. 13-15 and FIG. 16, respectively;

FIG. 19 is a side elevation view of the station of FIG. 17;

FIGS. 20-22 each depict, in perspective, plan and side elevation, respectively, as FIGS. 17-19, an alternate carton closure station, more particularly, a station characterized by paddle assemblies capable of Y-axis translation;

FIGS. 23-25 each depict, in perspective, detail thereof, plan and side elevation, respectively, an alternate carton closure station, more particularly, a station characterized by paddle assemblies capable of X, Y, Z-axis translation;

FIG. 26 depicts an illustrative, non-limiting work station characterized by assemblies, subassemblies and/or elements of an apparatus, perspective view, for manipulating portions of a carton in furtherance of carton closure/carton loading and closure; FIG. 27 depicts a carton closing mechanism, overhead view, characterized by the flap manipulation devices of FIG. 26;

FIG. 28 is perspective underside view, parts removed to reveal select particulars, of the mechanism of FIG. 27;

FIG. 29 offers a perspective view of the carton carriage of the work station of FIG. 26;

FIG. 30 offers an alternate perspective view of the carton carriage of FIG. 29;

FIG. 31 offers an overhead plan view of the carton carriage of FIG. 29;

FIG. 32 depicts an elevation view, parts removed to reveal select particulars, the "right" side panel of the carton carriage of FIG. 31 and a portion of the end panel, parts removed, extending therefrom; and,

FIG. 33 depicts an interior perspective view, select parts indicated as transparent to reveal underlaying particulars, of the end panel of FIG. 31.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Preferred, non-limiting systems, apparatus, devices, mechanisms, structures, etc. are presented throughout the figures of the subject disclosure, namely FIGS. 2-33. While a flat, opened rectangular tubular carton is generally depicted in FIG. 1, the remainder of the figures are directed to representative systems, apparatus, and/or mechanisms to effectuate carton flap manipulations in furtherance of an automated closure of a carton. In advance of a discussion of particulars, a preview or overview of the disclosure follows with general citation to the figures, in addition to select preliminary observations which are intended to support the latter description.

A carton closing station is depicted in FIG. 2; a framed carton closing apparatus is depicted in FIG. 3; and, overhead and below views of the closing mechanism of the FIG. 3 apparatus is depicted in FIGS. 4 & 5 respectively. An advantageous paddle assembly of the FIG. 3 apparatus is depicted in FIGS. 6-10, more particularly in FIGS. 6, 7 & 10, with select structures of the FIG. 7 paddle assembly removed in FIGS. 8 & 9 to enhance understanding of the relationships between and/or among elements thereof. Functionality of the apparatus, mechanism, assemblies and subassemblies thereof is best appreciated in connection to FIGS. 11A-11C & 12A-12C wherein articulations in furtherance of carton flap manipulation are depicted.

While the carton closing station contemplates "presentation" of a tubular carton for closure, it need not be so limited.

Likewise, while the station contemplates a static carton closing apparatus, it need not be so limited. Moreover, while a "discrete" station is generally depicted in FIG. 2, the apparatus of FIG. 3, mechanism of FIG. 4, and/or paddle assembly of FIGS. 6, 7 or 9 may be readily adapted for inclusion/incorporation into a more encompassing, robust multifunction system, station or apparatus (e.g., provided as a modular/turn key unit or subunit) as is known in the art /industry .

An alternate paddle assembly is generally depicted in FIGS.

13-16 wherein the paddle assembly of FIGS. 6-10 have been adapted for individualized actuation, with representative, alternative carton closure stations characterized thereby depicted in FIGS. 17- 19, 20-22, and 23-25, the paddle assemblies being generally fixed, adapted for Y-axis translation, and adapted for X-Y-Z translation respectively. An illustrative, non-limiting apparatus for manipulating portions of a carton in furtherance of carton closure/carton loading and closure is depicted in FIG. 26; an advantageous carton closing mechanism of the FIG. 26 apparatus is depicted in the views of FIGS. 27 & 28; an advantageous carton carriage of the FIG. 26 apparatus is depicted in the views of FIGS. 29-31; and, adjustment features for the carton carriage of FIG. 26 are illustrated in the views of FIGS. 32 & 33, namely, those pertaining to "length" and "width" adjustment respectively.

Finally, the terms "top", "bottom", "first", "second",

"inside", "outside", "front", "back", "rear", "upper", "lower", "height", "length", "width", "depth", "end", "side", "horizontal", "vertical", etc. are used herein, it is to be understood that these terms are generally intended to aid in orienting or otherwise inform the reader and/or facilitate describing the systems, apparatus, mechanisms, etc. of the disclosure/drawings.

Referring now to FIGS. 3 & 4, the non-limiting, advantageous mechanism 15 of the carton closing station 10 of FIG. 2 is generally characterized by a plurality of flap manipulating or folding assemblies 100 operatively linked to an actuator assembly 20, as by turnbuckles 18 as shown. Each flap folding assembly 100 is generally and broadly characterized by a flap manipulator, e.g., an arm or paddle 110 as indicated. In as much as common actuation of the paddles of the paddle assemblies is believed advantageous, especially in light of the structures of the depicted mechanism, alternate synchronous, near synchronous paddle actuation may be achieved, e.g., via one or more, or even dedicated/individual drive assemblies for each paddle/paddle assembly.

The actuator assembly generally includes an actuator 22 which selectively drives, as by pneumatic actuation, as shown, or other suitable known actuation means (e.g., hydraulic or mechanical actuation) a linkage 24 about a pivot axis 26 (counter clockwise in FIG. 3, and clockwise in FIG. 4 as indicated) . The linkage is generally characterized by cross members 28 which are advantageously supported, as shown, by braces 30 (i.e., braces join adjacent cross member segments) .

With brief reference now to FIGS. 5, 6 & 9, and selectively to FIGS. 7 & 8 as indicated, a preferred paddle assembly 100 is depicted. The paddle assembly is generally characterized by actuatable flap folding arm or paddle 110, a static paddle track block or plate 120 adapted to direct the paddle between readied and active states or conditions, and a translation subassembly 130 characterized by track segment 132 and track carriage 134 for reversible travel upon the track segment. The paddle track block includes a track delimited, for example and as shown, a groove 122 of a grooved surface thereof, within which is received a track guide 124 which is indirectly supported by the paddle. As should be readily appreciated with reference to FIGS. 5-9 and the teaching they collectively represent, a variety of further linking or joining elements or structures are present in the illustrated assembly, e.g., a turnbuckle receiving element/plate El, a rail segment and paddle block uniting element E2, and a track guide and paddle linking assembly E3.

With brief reference now to FIGS. 11A-11C & FIGS. 12A-12C depict the framed carton closing apparatus of FIG. 2 in various states of actuation, generally from a readied condition 11A, an intermediate actuation 11B, and a full or substantially full actuation 11C. FIGS. 12A-12C on the other hand depict select mechanism structures in anticipation of, or readied for, flap manipulation (FIG. 12A) , and during manipulation, more particularly flap flexing, of a carton flap in furtherance of carton closure (FIGS. 12B & 12C) . It is to be noted that the interposing structure (IS) of FIGS. 12A & 12B, e.g., a pneumatically actuated rod, is graphically represented in FIG. 11A by the designation "IS." As will be appreciated in connection to the following functional overview of the depicted structures, notionally the paddles are to be actuated for reversible travel in furtherance of engagement with neighboring flaps of a carton and manipulation thereof so as to effectuate carton closure.

With particular reference now to FIGS. 11A-11C, and select reference to FIGS. 12A-12C as noted, actuator 22 drives linkage 24 about pivot axis 26, effectively "pushing" on a brace of the linkage while IS may be activated to catch a trailing corner of a flap (interior portion thereof) so as to establish or maintain clearance of, between or for adjacent flaps (FIG. 12A) as circumstances warrant. As is to be appreciated with reference to FIG. 11A, and as is evidenced by FIGS. 11B & 11C, the driven linkage transmits motion to the turnbuckle 18, which, via El, causes carriage 134 to translate upon track segment 132, which, via, among other things E3, causes track guide 124 of the paddle to travel along travel path 122 (FIG. lOA-lOC) resulting in an arcuate travel path for the free end portion of the paddle.

Subsequent to mechanism actuation, e.g., FIG. 11B or 12B, the free end portion of the paddle engages flaps of the carton, more particularly, an inner portion 112 of the free end portion of the paddle contacts/engages a leading corner (i.e., exterior) and an outer portion 114 of the free end portion of the paddle contacts/engages a trailing corner (i.e., interior) of an adjacent or neighboring flap. With such arrangement and contemplated travel path, the free end portion of the paddle alone, without additional, additional functionally dedicated structure, such as heretofore known vacuum systems, permits flap flexing in furtherance of closure .

Referring now generally to FIGS. 13-25, the following preliminary observations are noted. A preferred, non-limiting paddle assembly 200 characterized by paddle 210, a paddle track block 220, a translation assembly 230, and an actuator 250, is depicted in the serval views of FIGS. 13-15, and the alternate configuration or arrangement of FIG. 16. Alternate assemblies to effectuate an automated closure of a tubular carton "C" are generally depicted in the balance of this figure grouping, with plural paddle assemblies operatively supported in relation to an assembly frame or the like so as to be fixedly or statically supported thereby (e.g., FIG. 17), i.e., the paddle assembly is fixed in X, Y, Z space; wherein plural paddle assemblies are operatively supported in relation to an assembly frame or the like so as to be selectively positionable "vertically" (e.g., FIG. 20), i.e., the paddle assembly, while fixed in X-Y space, is adapted for translation in Z space, more particularly, adapted for selective translation along a Z-axis; and, wherein plural paddle assemblies are operatively supported in relation to an assembly frame or the like so as to be selectively positionable in relation thereto (e.g., FIG. 23 and the details of FIG. 23A) , i.e., the paddle assembly is adapted for selective translation along any of an X, Y or Z-axis .

With brief reference now to FIGS. 13-16, a preferred, non- limiting paddle assembly 200 is depicted. The paddle assembly is generally characterized by an actuatable flap manipulator, e.g., a folding arm or paddle 210, a static paddle track block or plate 220 adapted to direct the paddle between readied and active states or conditions, and a translation subassembly 230 characterized by track segment 232 and track carriage 234 for reversible travel upon the track segment. The paddle track block includes a track delimited, for example and as shown, by a groove 222 of a grooved surface thereof, within which is received a track guide 224 which is generally supported by the paddle. As should be readily appreciated with reference to FIGS. 13-16 and the teaching they collectively represent, a variety of further linking or joining elements or structures are present in the illustrated assembly, e.g., element or structure SI supports rail segment 232 and paddle block 220 (see especially FIGS. 13 & 15), element or structure S2 supports carriage 234 upon rail segment 232 and operatively links the carriage, actuator 250, and paddle 210, and element or structure S3 operatively links a portion of paddle 210 with paddle block 220 and S2 (see especially FIG. 16) .

With continued reference to FIGS. 13-16, and particularly FIGS. 17-19, an overview of preferred non-limiting paddle actuation, paddle motion and attendant carton flap manipulation follows. Notionally, linear motion of the carriage upon the track results in a non-linear travel path for the paddle, more particularly, a free end thereof characterized by an inner portion 212 and an outer portion 214. An actuator, e.g., pneumatic cylinder assembly 250 as shown, operatively unites SI & S2 such that upon actuation, rod 252 extends from cylinder 254 so as to translate carriage 234 along track 232. Via such "outbound" travel of the carriage upon the rail, and S2 thereby, a linear motion/travel path results for pivot axis 300 of paddle 210. Track guide 224 is correspondingly set in motion within groove 222 of paddle track block 220 owing to a union of the track guide to the paddle via S3 as shown. Via the noted elements and their relationships, or functional equivalents thereof, paddle travel between a readied condition of t ₀ and an actuated condition t ₊ (FIG. 18), generally corresponding to the paddle assembly arrangements of FIG. 13-15 versus FIG. 16, is delimited.

As should be appreciated with reference to FIG. 18, subsequent to mechanism actuation, the free end portion of the paddle engages flaps of the carton, more particularly, inner portion 212 of the free end portion of paddle 210 contacts/engages a leading corner (exterior) and an outer portion 214 of the free end portion of paddle 210 contacts/engages a trailing corner (interior) of an adjacent or neighboring flap (see also the sequence of FIGS 11A-11C for advantageous interface particulars) . With such arrangement and contemplated travel path, the free end portion of the paddle alone, without additional, additional functionally dedicated structure, such as heretofore known vacuum systems, permits flap flexing in furtherance of closure.

With general reference now to FIGS. 20-25, plural paddle assemblies as FIGS. 13-15 are depicted in an apparatus configuration or arrangement wherein at least a single degree of freedom for each paddle assembly is advantageously but not necessarily contemplated. For the sake of the instant disclosure, X, Y, Z space is defined by an X, Y, Z coordinate system as generally indicated in connection to FIG. 23A, namely, a system wherein elevation correlates with a Z-axis, width correlates with a Y-axis, and depth correlates with an X-axis. With regard to the apparatus depicted in FIGS. 20-22, a single degree of freedom for each paddle assembly is enabled, namely, a vertical/Z-axis positioning, via a frame interface which permits reversible travel of the paddle assembly along the Z-axis. With regard to the apparatus depicted in FIGS. 23-25, three degrees of freedom for each paddle assembly is enabled, namely, a vertical/Z-axis, width/Y-axis, and depth/X-axis positioning, via a frame interface which permits reversible travel of the paddle assembly along each of the Z, Y, X axes. It is to be noted that in non-fixed paddle assembly embodiments of the apparatus, each paddle assembly need not be capable/adapted for one or more degrees of freedom/translation.

With particular reference to the details of FIG. 23A, it is advantageously, but not necessarily, contemplated that the paddle assembly be set in motion, more particularly in a Z direction, via translation of a Z-axis rod 302 within a sleeve 304 of a Z-axis actuator (e.g., a pneumatic system as per the paddle track/track slide, an electro mechanical device such as servo, etc.) . As to Y direction motion, the Y-axis rod 312, upon translation relative to its sleeve 314, locates the paddle and Z actuator along the Y-axis owing to an operative union therebetween, i.e., the Y-axis rod extends from an anchoring fixture of the Z sleeve intermediate the ends thereof, with the free end of the rod extending from the sleeve in an adjacent parallel condition/arrangement to/with the structural frame support element. As to the X direction, the X-axis actuator, i.e., rod 322 and sleeve 324 as indicated, in turn is operatively linked to the combination of the Y actuator, the Z actuator and the paddle assembly, with the X actuator supported by the previously referenced frame element.

Referring now to FIG. 26, there is generally depicted two discrete functional assemblies which are part and parcel of an advantageous apparatus or "station" for manipulating portions of a carton in furtherance of carton loading and closure. More particularly, in relation to erected carton C having an open "top" as perceived by the viewer, there is shown a "lower" carton carriage 140, and primary structures of an "upper" carton closing mechanism 180 of FIG. 27 spaced apart therefrom, more particularly, flap manipulator assemblies 200 thereof, each of which generally characterized by a flap manipulator, e.g., an arm or paddle 210.

For the sake of facilitating a continuing discussion, and as may be permitted with regard to the select /several view of FIGS.

26-33, the assemblies, subassemblies, structures and/or elements may be subsequently alpha designated in the balance of this written description, via an A, B, C or D, each designation correlating, in a clock-wise direction commencing with the front left side or area, the four sides/areas of the FIG. 26 work station.

Notionally, and for the sake of non-limiting illustration only, an erected carton with a closed "bottom" is advantageously received by the carton carriage via passage through the carton closing mechanism. As will be later detailed, both the carton closing mechanism and the carton carriage are adapted to operate upon cartons of differing sectional area (e.g., carton length x carton width) , with apparatus provisions, not inconsistent with heretofore approaches, in relation to, e.g., the carton carriage, to permit operations upon cartons of differing volume for a fixed or given sectional area (i.e., for cartons of sectional area SA, cartons of variable height VH) . Thereafter, assemblies of the carton carriage operate in relation to the carton flaps to selectively configure, align, or position each of the carton flaps with regard to their companion carton sidewall (i.e., establish a select positional relationship between the flap and its sidewall) in furtherance of carton loading, and closure thereafter via select actuation of the carton closing mechanism.

Referring now to FIG. 27, there is generally depicted, in plan view from above, carton closing mechanism or station 180 contemplated in/for the apparatus of FIG. 26. The mechanism is generally characterized by two sets of opposingly paired paddle assemblies 200 (i.e., A/C and B/D) . As should be appreciated with general reference to FIGS. 6-10, and specific reference to FIGS. 13-15, as well as the earlier discussion with regard to each set of designated figures, the elements and theory of operation of the paddle assemblies of FIGS. 26-28 are not inconsistent with those earlier described, and as such, attention is generally directed to the mechanism, its role in the work station of FIG. 26 and its relationship with the carton carriage.

Each paddle assembly is generally supported by or is depending from a mechanism support or frame so as to be advantageously positioned interior of and below an area delimited thereby as illustrated (FIGS. 26-28) . Moreover, and as will be later detailed, a first pair of adjacent paddle assemblies (e.g., C & D) of the two sets (i.e., A/C & B/D) of opposingly paired paddle assemblies are advantageously operatively linked for automated select translation relative to a second pair of adjacent paddle assemblies (e.g., A & B) of the two sets of opposingly paired paddle assemblies.

With reference now to FIGS. 27 & 28, while a primary frame 182, characterized by a transverse frame member 184 linking primary frame elements A & B, is provided for, a secondary or subordinate partial frame or frame assembly is advantageously provided for. More particularly, a subordinate partial frame assembly 186 is shown interior of and spaced apart from primary frame elements C, D & A. As should be readily appreciated with reference to the particulars of FIG. 28, portions of the primary frame 182 and subordinate partial frame 186 are equipped with a track segment 135 and corresponding track follower or block 137 for sliding engagement thereupon. As shown, primary frame members A & C support track segments 135 while subordinate partial frame members A & C support track blocks 137. Via the subject, non-limiting elements and their arrangement, the subordinate partial frame 186 functionally operates as a carriage in relation to the primary frame 182, i.e., a spaced apart condition for the subordinate partial frame assembly in relation to the primary frame, namely, primary frame member B, may be quickly and accurately set/selected via actuation/automation as is well known in the art, e.g., via an actuatable pneumatic element 139 which links the primary frame 182 with/to the subordinate frame assembly 186.

In light of the forgoing, it should likewise be appreciated that a first pair of adjacent paddle assemblies are thusly supported/linked to the primary frame 182 while a second pair of adjacent paddle assemblies are thusly supported/linked to the subordinate frame assembly 186. Paddle assemblies A & B are in a fixed relationship with regard to the primary frame 182, more particularly as shown, paddle assembly A depends from primary frame member A, with paddle assembly B depending from the transverse frame member 184 which is in a spaced apart fixed relationship relative to primary frame member B. Paddle assemblies C & D are in a fixed relationship with regard to the subordinate frame assembly 186, more particularly as shown, paddle assembly C depends from subordinate frame assembly member C, with paddle assembly D depending from subordinate frame assembly member D. Via the illustrative, non-limiting structures, their arrangement and interrelationships, quick, reliable paddle assembly adjustment in furtherance of effective flap closure for cartons of variable "length" are enabled.

Referring now to FIGS. 29-31, there is generally depicted the carton carriage of the work station of FIG. 26. The carton carriage 140, which is generally in a spaced apart functional relationship with regard to the carton closing mechanism 180 (FIG. 26), is delimited by opposing side panels 142 and an end panel 144 within which an erected carton C is positionable . As shall be subsequently detailed, the end panel 144 is advantageously bifurcated or characterized by linked members or elements. In keeping with the prior alpha designations, the opposing side panels or members A & C generally correspond to a carton length, with end panel or member D generally corresponding to carton width or depth (see e.g., FIG. 26) .

Notionally, the carton carriage is characterized by first flap guide assemblies and second flap guide assemblies. A flap guide assembly of the first flap guide assemblies comprises a member actuatable in furtherance of limiting hinged flap pivoting of a carton flap in a first direction of two directions. A flap guide assembly of the second flap guide assemblies comprises a member actuatable in furtherance of limiting hinged flap pivoting of adjacent carton flaps in a second direction of the two directions.

As should be readily appreciated with reference to FIG. 26, the "background" section, and the disclosure to this point, there exists a range of hingedly pivoted conditions/positions for the carton flaps, in relation to the sidewall from which it extends, which enable meaningful flap manipulations in furtherance of carton closure. Contrariwise, to the extent that even a single flap exceeds such range, via an interior or exterior flap pronation wherein an "interior" flap surface (e.g., FIG. 26, visible surface of flap C or D) is substantially face "down" or face "up" respectively, meaningful flap manipulations in furtherance of closure are at least inefficient, and at most impossible.

In connection to the flap guide assemblies, and in light of the foregoing objective, provisions are made for inner and outer flap guides, e.g., pivot limiters. First flap guide assemblies, e.g., inner pivot limiters 146, are generally supported by panels of the carton carriage within which the carton is positionable . Provisions for four such assemblies are made, with an advantageous arrangement in relation to the carton carriage panels (see e.g., FIG. 31) as follows: a first inner pivot limiter, inner pivot limiter A, is actuatably carried by carriage sidewall A; a second inner pivot limiter, inner pivot limiter D, is actuatably carried by a first portion of carton carriage end wall D; a third inner pivot limiter, inner pivot limiter CI (i.e., 146', FIG. 31), is actuatably carried by carton carriage sidewall C; and, a fourth inner pivot limiter, inner pivot limiter C2 (i.e., 146", FIG. 31), is likewise actuatably carried by carton carriage sidewall C, more particularly, at an end portion opposite of the end portion including inner pivot limiter C2.

As illustrated, the inner pivot limiter assemblies 146 generally include an arm 148 having a free end characterized by an angularly extending flap finger 150, and a mechanism, e.g., a pneumatic device 139 as shown, for reversibly driving the flap finger 150 through an arcuate path via a pivot linkage for and between the arm and the mechanism. As is generally supported and indicated with reference to FIG. 26, via the structures of the inner pivot limiter assemblies and their interrelationships, and their arrangement relative to the carton carriage panels, selective imposition of the flap fingers of the assemblies between adjacent flaps is enabled in furtherance of inward flap pronation prevention .

Second flap guide assemblies, e.g., outer pivot limiters 152, are generally supported by panels of the carton carriage within which the carton is positionable , more particularly, side panels 142 thereof. Provisions for two such assemblies, not four, are made, with an advantageous arrangement in relation to the carton carriage panels (see e.g., FIG. 31) as follows: a first outer pivot limiter, outer pivot limiter A, is actuatably carried by carton carriage sidewall A and is in a fixed spatial relationship with respect thereto; and, a second outer pivot limiter, outer pivot limiter C, is actuatably carried by carton carriage side wall C and is in a non-fixed spatial relationship with respect thereto as will be later detailed.

In advance of assembly particulars, and notionally, each of the two outer pivot limiter assemblies generally includes a member or arm characterized by spaced apart flap contact points. A first flap contact portion is provided for engagement with a first carton flap of adjacent carton flaps, and a second flap contact portion is provided for engagement with a second carton flap of the adjacent carton flaps.

As illustrated, the outer pivot limiter assemblies 152 generally include a member or arm 154 having or configured to have spaced apart flap contact points, e.g., proximal 156 and distal 158 flap fingers, and a mechanism, e.g., a pneumatic device 139 as shown, for reversibly driving the limiter arm 154 through an arcuate path via a pivot linkage for and between the arm and the mechanism. As is generally supported with reference to FIG. 26, via the structures of the outer pivot limiter assemblies and their interrelationships, and their arrangement or orientation relative to the carton carriage panels, selective positioning of both proximal flap fingers 156 in relation to a proximal flap (i.e., flap A for outer pivot limiter A, or flap C for outer pivot limiter C) , and distal flap fingers 158 in relation to an adjacent (i.e., clock-wise adjacent) flap (i.e., flap B for outer pivot limiter A, or flap D for outer pivot limiter C) is enabled in furtherance of outward flap pronation prevention.

Having described advantageous, non-limiting flap guide assemblies of the carton carriage, attention is now generally directed to advantageous panel positioning mechanisms which facilitate automated adjustment (s) of the carton carriage in relation to carton length on one hand, and carton width or depth on the other hand. A discussion of advantageous, non-limiting mechanisms for carton carriage end wall adjustment (FIG. 32) and carriage side wall adjustment (FIG. 33), in relation to carton length and width/depth respectively, to functionally orient or align select flap guide assemblies, and/or structures thereof as the case may be, follows.

Notionally and necessarily, carton carriage end panel or wall positioning in relation to the carton carriage side panels (i.e., a carton length adjustment) and/or its dimensional expansion (i.e., a carton width/depth adjustment) implicates the assemblies, subassemblies, and/or structures associated therewith. As appreciated with reference to both FIGS. 29 & 30, portions of adjacent first flap guide assemblies are generally supported at the carton carriage end panel. More particularly, an arm 148 of inner pivot limiter assembly D, and a pneumatic device 139 of inner pivot limiter assembly C are supported or carried at the carton carriage end panel as shown. Companion structures or elements of each of inner pivot limiter assemblies D & C are associated with a carton carriage side panel and the carton carriage end panel respectively, namely, a pneumatic device of inner pivot limiter assembly D is associated with carton carriage side panel A (FIG. 30), with an arm of inner pivot limiter assembly C associated with carton carriage side wall C.

Referring now to FIG. 32, and selectively, as will be noted, to either of FIGS. 29, 30 or 31, an adjustment mechanism (e.g., and colloquially, a "lengthener" ) is contemplated for the selective adjustment, i.e., positioning, of the carton carriage end panel 144, e.g., in an upward/downward position with respect to the view of FIG. 31. Advantageously, but not necessarily, a sliding adjustment is contemplated, namely, a sliding engagement enabled via cooperative engagement of a track segment and at least a single track follower or block slidingly received thereby, reminiscent of the structures presented and discussed in relation to the carton flap folding mechanism of FIG. 28.

With continued primary reference to FIG. 32, generally, a pair of spaced apart track followers or blocks 137 are advantageously carried by the side panels 142 of the carton carriage 140, i.e., side panel A (FIG. 30), omitted from the view of FIG. 23, or side panel C (FIG. 29) . An anchor structure 160, characterized by or equipped with a track segment 135, is cooperatively received for reversible travel within the spaced apart travel blocks 137. A mechanism, e.g., a pneumatic device 139, to urge or drive the track 135 for reversible travel in relation to the track blocks 137 and thereby the end panel 144 of the carton carriage 140, links the anchor structure 160 with/to the carton carriage side panel 142, with the urging device associated with either of one of the first or one of the second flap guide assemblies supported by/upon the anchor structure 160. In the circumstance of carton carriage side panel A (FIG. 32 & 30), the pneumatic device of one of the first flap guide assemblies (e.g., inner pivot limiter assembly D) is supported by anchor structure A such that as inner pivot limiter assembly D relocates with the translating end panel of the carton carriage, its actuator moves along with it. In the circumstance of carton carriage side panel C (FIG. 29), one of each of the first 146 and second 152 flap guide assemblies are implicated in relation to anchor structure C. Both a first flap guide assembly 146, e.g., inner pivot limiter assembly C, and a second flap guide assembly 152, e.g., outer pivot limiter assembly C, are supported upon anchor structure B for travel therewith.

As previously noted, it is contemplated to adapt the carton carriage so as to operatively receive and act upon cartons whose length and width/depth is varied one from another. Adaptations lending to an automated operation in furtherance of that objective, greatly reduce, if not eliminate operational down time for system/apparatus modification and/or manual adjustment for such purpose .

Having presented carton carriage features permitting carton length accommodations, attention is now directed to carton carriage features permitting carton width/depth accommodations. More particularly, via assemblies, subassemblies, structures, or elements of the carton carriage end panel or wall, an automated adjustment, i.e., reversible expansion, therefor is provided. Owing to one or more relationships for, between or among the panels of the carton carriage, the side panels thereof may be quickly and accurately selectively spaced from one another.

Referring now to FIG. 33, and selectively, as will be noted, to any of FIGS. 29, 30 & 32, there is depicted an interior perspective view, select parts indicated as transparent to reveal underlaying particulars, of the carton carriage end panel of FIG. 31. Characteristic of this carton carriage element is a two-part assembly, more particularly, companion end panel members, e.g., first 162 and second 164 end panel members, operatively linked by an urging element, e.g., a pneumatic device 139, in furtherance of altering the spacing therebetween, as by e.g., translation of each of the first and second end panel members.

First 162 and second 164 carton carriage end panel members generally extend from each of the opposing carton carriage side panels 142. More particularly, first end panel member 162 fixedly extends from anchor structure C of side panel C (FIG. 29), and second end panel member 164 fixedly extends from anchor structure A of side panel A (FIG. 30) . Notionally, adjacent carton corners are received at a junction of each carton carriage end panel member and its related anchor structure.

Advantageously, each carton carriage end panel member is adapted in a known way to support a track follower or block, more particularly, a pair of spaced apart track followers are advantageously provided as indicated (see any of FIGS. 29, 30, 32 & 33) . Corresponding tracks or track segments 135, generally carried by an elongate element 166 part and parcel of the work station of FIG. 26 (FIGS. 29 & 30; see also FIG. 32) as indicated, operatively support the track blocks 137 of each of the first 162 and second 164 carton carriage end panel members, and thus support each of the end panel members in a sliding relation. While a sliding relationship is noted for, between and/or among the carton carriage end panel members, it is not to be considered limiting in light of alternate relationships or associations supporting an automated width/depth adjustment for the carton carriage.

In addition to supporting track segments, the elongate element 166 also supports a pair of spaced apart resilient expansion blocks (e.g., bumpers 168) which advantageously reside in spaced apart cavities or recesses 170 of a surface of the elongate element 166, and extend outwardly therefrom (FIGS. 32 & 33) . The recesses 170 of the elongate element 166 have a greater longitudinal dimension than the resilient expansion blocks 168, with the expansion blocks 168 generally offsettingly positioned in relation to the recesses 170.

As indicated, advantageously but not necessarily, each resilient expansion block 168 is characterized by a pair of through holes 170, which in addition to aiding affixation to the elongate element 166, generally facilitate deformation/flexing thereof. In addition to being equipped with the spaced apart track guides, each carton carriage end panel member 162, 164 supports spaced apart block deflectors 174 which generally occupy an area delimited by the paired track followers on one hand, and the length of the spaced apart track segments of the elongate element on the other hand. Functionally, upon select translation of one of the two carton carriage end panel members 162, 164 via actuation of the pneumatic device, e.g., a nominal relative "maximum" translation, a traveling block deflector 174 will have been translated along with the translated end panel member such that the deforming/deformed expansion block resists further deformation by the pneumatic device. At this point, translation of the first translating carton carriage end panel member in a first direction ceases, and translation of the other carton carriage end panel in a second direction (i.e., a direction opposite the first direction) commences in satisfaction of a user select adjustment that implicates a carton width/depth alteration beyond the travel capacity of the first translating carton carriage end panel member.

Broadly, a paddle of a paddle assembly is to be set in motion so as to operatively engage portions adjacent flaps, namely, a leading edge of a "target" flap, and a trailing edge of the flap which the free end of the paddle "passes by." Moreover, one or more of such paddle assemblies may be advantageously adapted so as to possess at least one degree of freedom relative to a Z, Y, X coordinate system corresponding to a carton presented for closure. Further still, mechanisms for automated adjustment to/for each of a carton closing mechanism and carton carriage are provided and believed advantageous. Via the contemplated systems, apparatus, mechanisms, etc. as shown herein and/or described above, including not insubstantial functional equivalents thereof, a variety of varying dimensioned cartons may be readily, swiftly and reliably closed via flap manipulation without, among other things, substantial system disruptions and/or operator interventions.

While advantageous, non-limiting systems, apparatus, devices, mechanisms, methods, etc. relating to carton carriage and/or relating to automated selective manipulation of flaps of a carton or case in furtherance of loading and/or closing same are depicted, described and/or readily ascertained with reference to the instant disclosure, alternate not insubstantial functional equivalents are likewise contemplated to effectuate the carton closing objective. Presently known and future developed means for effectuating the noted functionalities are understood to be within the scope of the instant disclosure.

Thus, since the structures of the assemblies/mechanisms disclosed herein may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or general characteristics thereof, some of which forms have been indicated, the embodiments described and depicted herein/with are to be considered in all respects illustrative and not restrictive. Accordingly, the scope of the subject invention is as defined in the language of the appended claims, and includes not insubstantial equivalents thereto.