| US4610461A | 1986-09-09 | |||
| GB2009682A | 1979-06-20 |
| 1. | The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusi property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows: An interconnecting arrangement for a vehicle having upright for mounting a wheel, a control linkage and steering arm, wherein there is a first plane having mutual perpendicular X and Y axes in said plane and a Z ax perpendicular to said plane, the arrangement comprising connecting member, said connecting member being connected said steering arm, upright interconnecting means connecti said upright and at least one of said steering arm and sa connecting member to permit pivotable movement of sa upright with respect to said interconnecting means about sa Y axis, and control linkage interconnecting means connecti said control linkage and said connecting member, said contr linkage interconnecting means permitting movement of sa control linkage interconnecting means about said Z axis. |
| 2. | The arrangement of Claim 1 wherein said connecting member h a first pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the axis, said steering arm terminating in a yoke having a pa of yoke arms, said arms being rotatably connected to sa coaxial arms. |
| 3. | The arrangement of Claim 2 wherein said connecting member h a second pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the axis direction, said control linkage terminating in a yo having a pair of arms, said yoke arms being rotatab SHEET connected to said second pair of coaxially extending arms to permit movement of said control linkage about the Z axis. The arrangement of Claim 3 wherein said upright interconnecting means interconnects said upright to said yoke of said steering arm. The arrangement of Claim 3 wherein said upright interconnecting means comprises an arm extending from said connecting member in the Y axis, said upright being pivotably connected to said arm extending in said Y axis. The arrangement of Claim 1 wherein said connecting member is a trunnion having a first pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the X axis, a second pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the Z axis, said upright interconnecting means comprising a yoke member having a pair of yoke arms rotatably journalled with respect to said first pair of coaxial arms, said control linkage interconnecting means comprising a yoke having a pair of yoke arms rotatably journalled with respect to said second pair of coaxially extending arms, said steering arm being connected to said trunnion. The arrangement of Claim 1 wherein said connecting member has a first pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the X axis direction and a further arm extending in the Y axis direction, said upright being pivotably connected to said further arm, said steering arm terminating in a double yoke structure, said first pair of coaxial arms being rotatably journalled in said double yoke structure, said control linkage interconnecting means terminating in a trunnion having a pair of coaxial arms extending in the Z axis, sai coaxial arms being rotatably journalled in said double yok structure. |
| 4. | 8 The arrangement of Claim 1 wherein said connecting member ha a first pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the axis, said upright interconnecting means comprising a yok having a pair of yoke arms adapted to receive said coaxia arms, said upright being pivotably connected to said yoke, second pair of coaxial members extending from said connectin member in said Z axis, said control linkage interconnectin means comprising a trunnion having a pair of coaxial arms said coaxial arms being rotatably journalled in said member extending in said Z axis direction. |
| 5. | 9 The arrangement of Claim 2 wherein said connecting membe includes a pair of members extending outwardly in said Z axi direction, said control linkage interconnecting mean comprising a trunnion having a pair of coaxial arms, sai coaxial arms being rotatably journalled within said member extending in said Z axis direction. |
| 6. | 10 The arrangement of Claim 1 wherein said connecting member ha a first pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the axis and a single arm extending in the Y axis, said uprigh being pivotably connected to said connecting member, further member extending at least partially about sai connecting member, said further member being adapted t rotatably journal said coaxial arms in the Y axis, sai further member having a pair of arms extending in the Z axis, said control linkage terminating in a yoke having a pair o yoke arms, said coaxial arms extending in the Z direction being rotatably journalled in said yoke arms of said control linkage. 11. The arrangement of Claim 1 wherein said connecting member has a first pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the X axis and an arm extending from said connecting member in the Y axis, said upright being pivotably connected to said arm extending in said Y axis, said steering arm being connected to said connecting member, a further member extending at least partially about said connecting member, said further member extending at least partially about said control linkage, said control linkage terminating in a trunnion having a pair of coaxial arms in the Z axis, said further member being adapted to rotatably journal said coaxially extending arms in said X axis, and also rotatably journal said coaxial arms in the Z axis. SUBSTITUTE SHEET AMENDED CLAIMS [received by the International Bureau on 05 January 1996(05.01.96); original claims 3, 10 and 11 amended; remaining claims unchanged (3 pages)] The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusi property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows: An interconnecting arrangement for a vehicle having upright for mounting a wheel, a control linkage and steering arm, wherein there is a first plane having mutual perpendicular X and Y axes in said plane and a Z ax perpendicular to said plane, the arrangement comprising connecting member, said connecting member being connected said steering arm, upright interconnecting means connecti said upright.and at least one of said steering arm and sa connecting member to permit pivotable movement of sa upright with respect to said interconnecting means about sa Y axis, and control linkage interconnecting means connecti said control linkage and said connecting member, said contr linkage interconnecting means permitting movement of sa control linkage interconnecting means about said Z axis. The arrangement of Claim 1 wherein said connecting member h a first pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the axis, said steering arm terminating in a yoke having a pa of yoke arms, said arms being rotatably connected to sa coaxial arms. The arrangement of Claim 2 wherein said connecting member h a second pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the axis direction, said control linkage terminating in a yo having a pair of yoke arms, said yoke arms being rotatab having a pair of coaxial arms extending in the Z axis, said coaxial arms being rotatably journalled in said double yoke structure. |
| 7. | 8 The arrangement of Claim 1 wherein said connecting member has a first pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the X axis, said upright interconnecting means comprising a yoke having a pair of yoke arms adapted to receive said coaxial arms, said upright being pivotably connected to said yoke, a second pair of coaxial members extending from said connecting member in said Z axis, said control linkage interconnecting means comprising a trunnion having a pair of coaxial arms, said coaxial arms being rotatably journalled in said members extending in said Z axis direction. |
| 8. | 9 The arrangement of Claim 2 wherein said connecting member includes a pair of members extending outwardly in said Z axis direction, said control linkage interconnecting means comprising a trunnion having a pair of coaxial arms, said coaxial arms being rotatably journalled within said members extending in said Z axis direction. |
| 9. | 10 The arrangement of Claim 1 wherein said connecting member has a first pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the X axis, and a single arm extending in the Y axis, said upright being pivotably connected to said single arm extending in said Y axis, said steering arm being connected to said connecting member, a further member extending at least partially about said connecting member, said further member being adapted to rotatably journal said coaxial arms in the X xis, said further member having a pair of arms extending in the Z axis, said control linkage terminating in a yoke havi a pair of yoke arms, said coaxial arms extending in the direction being rotatably journalled in said yoke arms said control linkage. 11. The arrangement of Claim 1 wherein said connecting member h a first pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the axis and a single arm extending from said connecting memb in the Y axis, said upright being pivotably connected to sa single arm extending in said Y axis, said steering arm bei connected to said connecting member, a further memb extending at least partially about said connecting membe said further member extending at least partially about sa control linkage, said control linkage terminating in trunnion having a pair of coaxial arms in the Z axis, sa further member being adapted to rotatably journal sa coaxially extending arms in said X axis, and also rotatab journal said coaxial arms in the Z axis. |
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In automotive vehicles, in the presence of anti- dive/anti-squat geometry, this invention avoids "bump-steer" arising out of integrating the steering arm with its associated suspension upright.
In this invention, the steering arm's function is isolated from that of the upright by substituting a universal joint for the customary spherical joint, which connects the upright to the control linkage. This causes the steering arm to become an articulated segment of either the upper or the lower control linkage, while the upright depends from a laterally projecting axis integrated into the assembly. Thus the steering arm no longer reacts to the upright's incremental castor angle changes as the road wheel drops and rises, and the toe-in setting remains fixed throughout the wheel's vertical range of travel.
Drawings of the invention in the form of isometric views in Figures 1 through β, attached hereafter, illustrate the various layouts which may be used to put the idea into practice.
SPECIFICATION
The present invention relates to a steering a suspension mechanism for wheeled vehicles and more particularl relates to a steering and suspension mechanism for bump ste control.
It is known in the art that "bump steer" is a problem that toe-in changes during vertical displacement of the wheel a undesirable and causes a change in the dynamic behaviour of t vehicle. While particularly important for racing vehicles, it also undesirable in conventional automobiles. On vehicles equipp with independent suspension, it is common practice to define si view swing arm geometry by appropriately arranging the contr arms of each wheel in a way that causes their axes to converge some instantaneous point(s) yielding a desired percentage anti-dive/lift by inducing vector forces to counter weig transfer arising out of acceleration and braking. In norm practice, uprights attach to the outboard end of control linka sets via spherical joints, while steering arms are rigid attached to the uprights. Strut type suspension systems utili only a lower control linkage, as a telescoping strut integrat with the upright replaces the upper control linkage used in t Short-Long-Arm (SLA) layout.
In a vehicle's front wheel steering system and/or t rear wheel toe control system, it is common practice to have t steering arms rigidly attached to the uprights carrying the ro wheels, for transferring directional input from either t operator, or from said toe control link.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
In side elevation, the angle between the vertical and the straight line passing through the upright's spherical bearings is commonly referred to as castor angle. Since the rotational planes of associated control linkages intersect one another, the castor angle is subjected to incremental changes as the wheel drops and rises.
Because the tie-rod's inboard pivot is attached to an actuator, usually in the form of a rack or a link rod, which is firmly anchored to the chassis in the vertical and fore-and-aft planes, or as is the case in a rear suspension, the toe-control link's inboard end is attached to a fixed point on the chassis, a steering arm of the common type has a drawback as any incremental change of the castor angle produces a corresponding change in the steering arm's slope, inducing twist in the imaginary surface formed by the steering arm, the tie-rod and the control linkage, causing toe-in changes in the wheel as it rises and drops.
It is of course necessary that the projected length of the steering arm, as measured on a reference plane, be held in check for minimizing undesirable toe-in changes during the suspension's compression and extension strokes in the presence of anti-dive/anti-squat geometry. To minimize changes in the instantaneous castor angle, it is customary to position the control linkage pivot axes at some convenient angle to the vehicle's longitudinal center line, as observed in plan view. Arising out of this arrangement, the control linkage tips rotate on elliptical paths, as viewed in side elevation, hence the changes may only be minimized, but not eliminated.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
It is an object of the present invention to provide steering and suspension mechanism for wheeled vehicles whi overcomes the above disadvantages.
According to one aspect of the invention, there provided an interconnecting arrangement for a vehicle having upright for mounting a wheel, a control linkage and a steeri arm, wherein there is a first plane having mutually perpendicul X and Y axes in the plane, and a Z axis perpendicular to t plane > the arrangement comprising a connecting member, t connecting member being connected to the steering arm, uprig interconnecting means connecting the upright to the and at lea one of the steering arm and the connecting member to perm pivotable movement of the upright with respect to t interconnecting means about the Y axis, and a control linkage a the connecting member, the control linkage interconnecting mea permitting movement of the control linkage interconnecting mea about the Z axis.
In one embodiment, there is provided and arrangeme wherein the connecting member has a first pair of coaxial extending arms extending in the X axis, the steering a terminating in a yoke having a pair of yoke arms, the arms bei rotatbly connected to the coaxial arms.
In a preferred embodiment, there is provided a arrangement wherein the connecting member has a second pair coaxially extending arms extending in the Z axis direction, t control linkage terminating in a yoke having a pair of yoke arm the yoke arms being rotatably connected to the second pair coaxially extending arms to permit movement of the control linka
about the Z axis.
Preferably, the upright interconnecting means interconnect the upright to the yoke of the steering arm.
The upright interconnecting means may comprise an arm extending from the connecting member in the Y axis direction with the upright being pivotably connected to the arm extending in the Y axis.
In a further arrangement, there is provided an arrangement wherein the connecting member is a trunnion having a first pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the X axis, a second pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the Z axis, the upright interconnecting means comprising a yoke member having a pair of yoke arms rotatably journalled with respect to the second pair of coaxially extending arms, the steering arm being connected to the trunnion.
In a further embodiment, there is provided and arrangement wherein the connecting member has a first pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the X axis direction and a further arm extending in the Y axis direction, the upright being pivotably connected to the further arm, the steering arm terminating in a double yoke structure, the first pair of coaxial arms being rotatbly journalled in the double yoke structure, the control linkage interconnecting means terminating in a yoke having a pair of yoke arms, the yoke arms being rotatbly journalled in the double yoke structure.
In a further embodiment, there is provided an arrangement wherein the connecting member has a first pair of coaxially extending arms extending in the X axis, the upright
interconnecting means comprising a yoke having a pair of yoke arm adapted to receive the coaxial arms, the upright being pivotabl connected to the yoke, a second pair of coaxial members extendin from the connecting member in the Z axis, the control linkag interconnecting means comprising a trunnion having a pair o coaxial arms, the coaxial arms being rotatbly journalled in th members extending in the Z axis direction.
In a further embodiment there is provided an arrangemen wherein the connecting member includes a pair of members extendin outwardly in the Z axis direction, the control linkag interconnecting means comprising a trunnion having a pair o coaxial arms, the coaxial arms being rotatably journalled withi the members extending in the Z axis direction.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a arrangement, wherein the connecting member has a first pair o coaxially extending arms extending in the X axis and a single ar extending in the Y axis, the upright being pivotably connected t the arm extending in the Y axis, the steering arm being connecte to the connecting member, a further member extending at leas partially about the connecting member, the further member bein adapted to rotatbly journal the coaxial arms in the X axis, th further member having a pair of arms extending in the Z axis, th control linkage terminating in a yoke having a pair of yoke arms, the coaxial arms extending in the Z axis direction being rotatabl journalled in the yoke arms of the control linkage.
In a further embodiment, there is provided a arrangement, wherein the connecting member has a first pair o coaxially extending arms extending the X axis and an arm extendin
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
from the connecting member in the Y axis, the upright being pivotably connected to the arm extending in the Y axis, the steering arm being connected to the connecting member, a further member extending at least partially about the connecting member, the control linkage terminating in a yoke having a pair of yoke arms, the further member being adapted to rotatably journal the coaxially extending arms in the X axis, and also rotatbly journal the yoke arms in the Z axis.
The above arrangements transform the steering arm into an articulated segment of either the upper or lower control linkage, by substituting a cross shaped universal joint for the corresponding spherical joint at the upright's pick-up point, and thus creating a Hooke's type universal joint, and attaching the upright to this assembly.
Attachment of the upright to the universal joint is via bearings forming a laterally disposed axis integrated into the assembly, enabling the upright to pivot freely about it without any effect on the steering arm. The steering arm, thus freed from the upright's angular changes in one plane, no longer reacts to instantaneous castor angle changes to provide a "Castor- Independent-Steering-Arm-Mounting". In this layout, the length of the steering arm, as projected on an imaginary chassis mounted reference plane, remains constant throughout the suspension's vertical range of travel, thus eliminating toe-in changes, and therefore eliminating "bump-steer".
While the universal joint assembly may be arranged in any number of ways, the steering arm is free to pivot only about the cross shaped universal joint's upended axis.
Having thus generally described the invention, referen will be made to the accompanying drawings illustrating embodimen thereof, in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view, partially in cutaway, one embodiment of an interconnecting arrangement for a vehicl steering and suspension mechanism;
Figure 2 is a perspective view, partially in cutaway, a further embodiment of an interconnecting arrangement for vehicle steering and suspension mechanism;
Figure 3 is a perspective view, partially in cutaway, o a further embodiment of an interconnecting arrangement for vehicle steering and suspension mechanism;
Figure 4 is a perspective view, partially in cutaway, o a further embodiment of an interconnecting arrangement for vehicle steering and suspension mechanism;
Figure 5 is a perspective view, partially in cutaway, o a further embodiment of an interconnecting arrangement for vehicle steering and suspension mechanism;
Figure 6 is a perspective view, partially in cutaway, o a further embodiment of an interconnecting arrangement for vehicle steering and suspension mechanism;
Figure 7 is a perspective view, partially in cutaway, o a further embodiment of an interconnecting arrangement for vehicle steering and suspension mechanism;
Figure 8 is a perspective view, partially in cutaway, o a further embodiment of an interconnecting arrangement for vehicle steering and suspension mechanism;
In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the control linkag
forms one of the yokes and the steering arm the other, with a laterally disposed axis freely adapted thereto for receiving the upright, all interconnected with a cross shaped trunnion. The trunnion is shown attached to the control linkage via its upended branches and to the steering arm with the laid-down ones, but if so desired, it may be oriented the other way around.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 6, the control linkage forms one of the trunnions and the steering arm forms a yoke, with a laterally disposed axis freely adapted thereto for receiving the upright, all interconnected with a cross shaped trunnion. The trunnion is shown attached to the control linkage via its upended branches and to the steering arm with the laid-down ones, but if so desired, it may be oriented the other way around.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 7, the control linkage ends in a generally vertical axis forming a yoke, and a laterally disposed T-shaped interconnecting member with a steering arm branching out of it has a laterally disposed axis freely adapted thereto for receiving the upright, all interconnected with a central connecting member having a cross shape with a generally horizontal yoke and a coaxial pair of lugs in the form of a trunnion mutually perpendicular to each other forming a cross. The cross shaped connecting member is shown attached to the control linkage via its up-ended branches and to the steering arm with the laid-down ones, but if so desired, it may be oriented the other way around.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 8, the control linkage with a pair of coaxial lugs ends in a generally vertical axis forming a trunnion, and a laterally disposed T-shaped
interconnecting member with a steering arm branching out of it ha a laterally disposed axis freely adapted thereto for receiving th upright, all interconnected with a central connecting member wit a pair of yokes mutually perpendicular to each other forming cross. The cross is shown attached to the control linkage via it upended branches and to the steering arm with the laid-down ones but if so desired, it may be oriented the other way around.
Referring to the drawings in greater detail and b reference characters thereto, there is illustrated a steering an suspension mechanism which includes a steering arm (10) , a contro linkage generally designated by reference numeral (20) , suspension upright (30) , and connecting member or trunnio generally designated by reference numeral (40) .
Steering arm (10) terminates in a yoke type arrangemen designated by reference numeral (12) and which includes a firs yoke arm (14) and a second (16) .
Trunnion (40) includes a first pair of coaxial arms (40 and (42) extending in an X axis direction. A second pair o coaxial arms (46) and (48) extend outwardly along the Z axis. A may be seen in Figure 1, arm (46) terminates in a bearin generally designated by reference numeral (50) . Member (48 terminates in a like bearing arrangement (not shown) .
Control linkage (20) , in the illustrated embodiment includes a first arm (21) and a second arm (22) which togethe terminate in yoke (23) . Yoke (23) has a first yoke arm (24 terminating in a lug (26) which is mounted on arm 46 by means of bearing (50) . retaining ring (27) may be provided in conventional arrangement.
Yoke (23) also includes a second yoke arm (25) which is mounted on coaxial arm (48) in a manner similar to that described with respect to yoke arm (24) .
Extending outwardly from yoke (12) is an interconnecting member (32) which has, proximate one end thereof, a bearing (35) which includes needle bearings (34) in a double row needle bearing. An end (38) of upright (30) is mounted in bearing (35) with a retaining ring (39) being provided about stub axle (36) .
A further embodiment is illustrated in Figure 2, similar reference numerals (in the 200's) are used for similar components. In this embodiment, there is a steering arm generally designated by reference numeral (210) , a control linkage (220) , a suspension upright (230) and a central connecting member (240) .
In this embodiment, steering arm (210) terminates in a double yoke (212, 212'), providing common yoke arm ends (214) and (216) . Connecting member (214) includes a first pair of coaxial arms (242) and (244) extending in the X axis and a second pair of coaxial arms (246) and (248) extending outwardly along the Z axis. Arms (242) and (244) are pivotably connected in yoke arm ends (214) and (216) .
Connecting member (240) also includes an interconnecting member (232) which at its free end (238) includes a bearing (235) having needle bearings (234) mounted therein in a double row needle bearing arrangement. A retaining ring (239) is provided about stub axle (236) .
Control linkage (220) , as in the previously described embodiment, has first and second arms (221) and (222) respectively and which terminate in yoke (223) . A first yoke arm (224)
terminates in a lug (226) which is mounted on coaxial (246) means of a bearing (250) . A retaining ring (227) is provide Similarly, second yoke arm (225) is mounted on coaxial arm (248) .
In the embodiment in Figure 3, reference numerals in th 300's are utilized for similar components. As may be seen, ther is provided a cross shaped trunnion (340) having a first pair o coaxial arms (342, 344) and a second pair of coaxial arms (346 348) .
In this embodiment, steering arm (310) is connecte directly to trunnion (340) .
As in the previously described embodiments of Figures and 2, control linkage (320) includes control arms (321) and (322 and terminate in a yoke (323) . Yoke arm (324) has a lug (326 which is mounted on a bearing (350) . A similar arrangement i provided for yoke arm (325) .
In this embodiment, the connecting member or means 33 for suspension upright (330) comprises a yoke (354) having yok arms (356 and 358) . Yoke arms (356) and (358) are mounted o coaxial arms (342) and (344) respectively, as in the previousl described embodiments, there is provided a double row needl bearing (335) having needle bearings (334) therein. An end (338 of upright (330) is mounted in bearing (335) while a retainin ring (339) is provided about stub axle (336) .
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, (referenc numerals in the 400's) steering arm (410) terminates in a doubl yoke arrangement somewhat similar to that of the embodiment o Figure 2.
In greater detail, central connecting member (440) has
SHEET
first pair of coaxial arms (442) and (444) with a further connecting arm (432) extending in the Y axis direction. Suspension upright (432) is mounted pivotably with respect to connecting member (432) as in the previously described embodiment (see Figure 20).
As aforementioned, steering arm (410) has a first yoke (412) and a second yoke (412'). Yokes (412) and (412') have common arm ends (414) and (416) which are mounted on arms (442) and (444) respectively.
In this embodiment, control linkage (420) has a yoke (423) with yoke arms (424) and (425) which are mounted within yoke (412) and (412') of steering arm (410).
Turning to the embodiment of Figure 5, similar reference numerals in the 500's are used for similar components to those of the previously described embodiments.
In this embodiment, steering arm (510) is formed integrally with a vertical yoke/horizontal trunnion arrangement. In greater detail, steering (510) has a yoke like member having an upper yoke portion (562) and a lower yoke portion (564) . It is formed integrally with connecting member (540) which also has a pair of coaxial arms (542) and (544) extending in the X axis direction.
Suspension upright (530) is formed in a manner similar to that described with respect to Figure 3. Thus, there is provided an interconnecting member (532) which is in the form of a yoke (554) having yoke arms (556) and (558) mounted on coaxial arms (542) and (544) respectively. Suspension upright (530) is mounted in bearing (535) as previously described in the embodiment
in Figure 3.
Control linkage (520) is formed and mounted in a mann similar to that described with respect to Figure 4. Thus, a yo (523) has an upper yoke arm (524) terminating in a bearing (55 and which is mounted in upper yoke portion (562) while lower yo arm of control linkage (520) is mounted in a similar beari arrangement in lower yoke portion (564) of steering arm (510) .
A still further embodiment is shown in Figure 6 a reference numerals in the 600's are used for similar component This embodiment combines the arrangement of Figure 1 and Figure Thus, there is provided a steering arm (610) having a yoke (61 and yoke arm members (614) and (616) mounted on coaxial arms (64 and (644) respectively. Connecting member (640) has a vertic yoke arrangement similar to that of Figure 5 with an upper yo portion (662) and lower yoke portion (664) . control linkage (62 is mounted in a manner similar to that described with respect Figure 5, i.e., a yoke (623) has an upper yoke arm (624) mount by means of bearing (650) in upper yoke portion (662) connecting member (640) .
The embodiment of Figure 7, using reference numerals the 700's for like components, combines the structures shown Figures 2 and 3. In this arrangement, central member of trunni (740) has a first pair of coaxial arms (732) extending in the axis direction and a single arm (732) extending in the Y ax direction. Suspension upright 730 is connected to single arm (73 as has been previously described with respect to the oth embodiments.
A further member (766) extends partially abo
HEET
connecting member (740) and includes a pair of coaxial arms (746) and (748) which extend in the Z axis direction. Member (766) is adapted to rotatably journal coaxial arms (742) and (744) while arms (746) and (748) from member (766) are rotatably journalled within the yoke arms of yoke (723) .
Turning to Figure 8, reference numerals in the 800's are employed for similar components. This embodiment is similar to that of Figure 7, except for the arrangement of member (866) about connecting member (840) . In this arrangement, yoke (823) has yoke arms which are rotatably journalled within portions of connecting member (866) as are arms (842) and (844) .
It will be noted that the above described embodiments are for purposes of illustrations only and that changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.