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Title:
CHEMILUMINESCENTLY ILLUMINATED MEDICAL APPLIANCES
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2003/075979
Kind Code:
A2
Abstract:
The invention relates to devices and methods of using the devices. The devices may be chemiluminescently illuminated and useful as medical, industrial, and consumer products. They may be disposable and may employ an integrated or attachable chemiluminescent source. In some variations, the device may include a supporting structure or body that is at least partially translucent or transparent for transmitting chemiluminescent illumination.

Inventors:
SIMON JAMES S (US)
SIMON ROBERT A (US)
Application Number:
PCT/US2003/006868
Publication Date:
September 18, 2003
Filing Date:
March 06, 2003
Export Citation:
Click for automatic bibliography generation   Help
Assignee:
SIMON JAMES S (US)
SIMON ROBERT A (US)
International Classes:
A61B1/00; A61B1/06; A61B1/247; A61B1/267; A61B1/32; A61B19/00; A61C1/08; A61M1/00; A61M25/00; A61M25/06; A61M31/00; F21K2/00; A61B17/00; A61B17/02; A61B17/30; A61B17/32; A61B17/34; A61M1/02; A61M16/04; A61M; (IPC1-7): A61M/
Foreign References:
US5179938A1993-01-19
US3576987A1971-05-04
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Batt, Richard R. (755 Page Mill Road Palo Alto, CA, US)
Download PDF:
Claims:
We claim as our invention:
1. A chemiluminescently illuminated medical device selected from the group consisting of forceps, anoscopes, intubation devices, trocars, dental suction devices, surgical suction devices, tongue depressors, intravenous bag apparatus, surgical headlamps, surgical retractors, sternum retractors, catheter tips, intravenous needle tips, otoscope speculas, butterfly needles, dental mirrors, tracheostomy devices, vaginal speculas, laryngeal masks, laryngoscopes, laryngeal intubation devices (blades and handles), scalpels, knifes, blade holders, absorbent devices, and sponges.
2. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising chemiluminescently illuminated forceps comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source; and forceps comprising a pair of grasping elements that join at a junction portion.
3. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated, trocar comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source ; and a trocar.
4. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated surgical or dental suction appliance comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source; and a dental or surgical suction component.
5. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated, intravenous fluid system subcomponent comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source ; and an intravenous fluid system subcomponent.
6. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising chemiluminescently illuminated, intravenous tubing comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source, and intravenous tubing.
7. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated, intravenous tubing drip regulator comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source, and an intravenous tubing drip regulator.
8. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated intravenous needle comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source; and an intravenous needle.
9. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated retractor comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source; a retractor.
10. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated tongue depressor comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source; and a tongue depressor.
11. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated head lamp comprising at least one chemiluminescent light source; a head band; and an illumination focusing cone.
12. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated dental mirror appliance comprising : at least one chemiluminescent light source; and a dental mirror component.
13. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated intravenous catheter tip comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source; and an intravenous catheter tip.
14. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated, anoscope comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source; and an anoscope.
15. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated syringe assembly comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source : and a syringe.
16. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated butterfly needle comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source; and a butterfly needle.
17. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated dental mirror comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source; and a dental mirror.
18. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated otoscope comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source; and an otoscope.
19. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated stylet comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source; and a stylet.
20. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated laryngeal blade comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source; and a laryngeal blade.
21. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising an endotracheal intubation device comprising: a. an endotracheal tube having an endotracheal tube wall with a distal end; and b. a chemiluminescent light source contained within a chamber extending longitudinally along said endotracheal tube wall.
22. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated, vaginal speculum appliance comprising: at least one chemiluminescent light source; and a speculum.
23. Any of the devices of claims 122 wherein the devices are at least partially translucent.
24. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated scalpel comprising: a scalpel; and at least one chemiluminescent light source connected to said scalpel.
25. The chemiluminescently illuminated scalpel of claim 24 wherein said chemiluminescent light source comprises an organic oxalate, a dye, and a hydrogen peroxide.
26. The chemiluminescently illuminated scalpel of claim 25 wherein said organic oxalate comprises a phenyl oxalate ester.
27. The chemiluminescently illuminated scalpel of claim 25 wherein said dye comprises a fluorescent dye.
28. The chemiluminescently illuminated scalpel of claim 24 further comprising a cap, said cap being shaped to cover the scalpel.
29. The chemiluminescently illuminated scalpel of claim 28 wherein said cap is adapted such that removing said cap activates said chemiluminescent light source.
30. The chemiluminescently illuminated scalpel of claim 24 wherein said chemiluminescent light source comprises at least two chemiluminescent chemicals that are releasably separated.
31. The chemiluminescently illuminated scalpel of claim 24 wherein said chemiluminescent light source comprises a chamber, said chamber contains at least a membranecapsule, said membranecapsule being penetrable by force.
32. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a selfilluminating knife comprising : a handle; a blade connected to the handle; and a chemiluminescent light source embedded within the handle.
33. The selfilluminating knife of claim 32, wherein said light source comprises a chemiluminescent material contained within a closed chamber built into said handle.
34. The selfilluminating knife of claim 33, wherein said chemiluminescent material is a gel, liquid, or solid.
35. The selfilluminating knife of claim 32 wherein said chemiluminescent light source comprises a first chemical, a second chemical, and a third chemical, wherein said first chemical when reacted with said second chemical energizes said third chemical allowing said third chemical to release light.
36. The selfilluminating knife of claim 35 wherein said first chemical is an organic oxalate, said second chemical is a hydrogen peroxide, and said third chemical is a fluorescent dye.
37. The selfilluminating knife of claim 36 wherein said organic oxalate is a phenyl oxalate ester.
38. The selfilluminating knife of claim 32 wherein said handle comprises a polymer.
39. The selfilluminating knife of claim 32 further comprising a lens attached to one end of the handle.
40. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a selfilluminating blade holder comprising: an elongated body, said elongated body adapted to receive a blade and secure the blade in place, said elongated body further includes at least a first reservoir and a second reservoir, wherein said first reservoir contains at least an activation chemical, said activation chemical may react with at least a second chemical and result in release of light, and said second reservoir containing at least said second chemical.
41. The selfilluminating blade holder of claim 40 wherein said activation chemical is hydrogen peroxide, and said second chemical is phenyl oxalate ester.
42. The selfilluminating blade holder of claim 40 wherein said elongated body comprises of a polymer.
43. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a surgical blade holder comprising : an elongated body having a chamber adapted for receiving a chemiluminescent light source, said elongated body is further adapted for connection to a surgical blade.
44. The surgical blade holder of claim 43 wherein said elongated body is at least partially transparent and further adapted to receive a light stick.
45. The surgical blade holder of claim 44 further comprising a cap, said cap being adapted to be secured at the distal end of said elongated tubular body.
46. The surgical blade holder of claim 44 further comprising a lens at the proximal end of the tubular body.
47. The surgical blade holder of claim 44 further comprising: a blade connected to the proximal end of said elongated tubular body; and a tubular shaped fluid container adapted for placement within said tubular body, wherein at least part of said tubular shaped fluid container is transparent, said tubular shaped fluid container comprises of a first chamber containing at least a first fluid, a second chamber containing at least a second fluid, said first fluid and second fluid being selected such that when said first and second fluid contact each other a chemiluminescent chemical reaction results.
48. The surgical blade holder of claim 44 further comprising: a blade connected to the proximal end of said elongated tubular body; and a chemiluminescent material contained within a closed chamber, said closed chamber is adapted for placement inside said tubular body.
49. The surgical blade holder of claim 48 wherein said chemiluminescent material comprises a phenyl oxalate ester, a dye solution, and a hydrogen peroxide.
50. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a surgical knife comprising: a surgical blade; a blade holder connected to the blade, wherein said blade holder contains at least a first reservoir and a second reservoir; and a barrier separating said first and said second reservoir, wherein said barrier may be broken with an application of pressure.
51. The surgical knife of claim 50 further comprising: an activation chemical contained within said first reservoir; and a second chemical contained within said second reservoir, wherein said second chemical can react with said activation chemical to initiate a chemiluminescent chemical reaction.
52. The surgical knife of claim 50 further comprising: a phenyl oxalate ester contained within said first reservoir; a dye solution contained within said first reservoir; and a hydrogen peroxide contained within said second reservoir.
53. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a selfilluminating surgical scalpel comprising: a handle said handle comprising an elongated body with a distal end and a proximal end and an elongated reservoir disposed along said elongated body, said elongate body further having a crosssection with a height and a width, said height is at least three times the width of the crosssection, said elongated reservoir further comprises a chemiluminescent material and further comprising a distal end and a proximal end corresponding to the distal end and proximal end of the elongated body, the distal end of the elongated reservoir having a translucent tip for light to be emitted; and a surgical blade attached to the distal end of said elongated body.
54. A method of making an incision on a mammalian body with a chemiluminescently illuminated scalpel comprising the steps of : activating a chemiluminescent light source located on said chemiluminescently illuminated scalpel; and making an incision on the mammalian body with said chemiluminescently illuminated scalpel.
55. The method of claim 54 wherein the step of activating a chemiluminescent light source comprises removing a cap covering a blade on said chemiluminescently illuminated scalpel.
56. The method of making an incision of claim 54 wherein the activating step comprises breaking a capsule containing hydrogen peroxide, said capsule is contained within a chamber within the selfilluminating scalpel.
57. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescent absorbent device comprising: a body containing a chemiluminescent light source; and an absorbent material attached to a distal end of the body and wherein said body illuminates said absorbent material when said light source is activated.
58. The chemiluminescent absorbent device of claim 57 wherein said absorbent material comprises a gauze.
59. The chemiluminescent absorbent device of claim 57 wherein said absorbent material comprises a sponge.
60. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescent sponge comprising: a sponge, said sponge is at least partially translucent; and a chemiluminescent light source embedded in said sponge.
61. A method of removing fluid from a mammalian body comprising the steps of : breaking a frangible compartment containing at least one activation ingredient of a chemiluminescent chemical reaction, said frangible compartment is located within a chemiluminescent light source, said chemiluminescent light source is further attached to an absorbent material ; and placing said absorbent material over a fluid within said mammalian body.
62. A method for collection of fluid comprising the steps of : breaking a frangible compartment containing at least one activation ingredient of a chemiluminescent chemical reaction, said frangible compartment is located within a chemiluminescent light source, said chemiluminescent light source is further connected to an absorbent material; and placing said absorbent material over a fluid.
63. A medical device according to claim 1 comprising a chemiluminescently illuminated laryngoscope comprising: a chemiluminescent light source; a polymeric laryngeal blade; and a handle.
64. The chemiluminescently illuminated laryngoscope of claim 63 wherein the handle and blade are portions of one integrated piece.
65. The chemiluminescently illuminated laryngoscope of claim 63 wherein the handle and blade are configured such that the blade is detachable from the handle.
66. The chemiluminescently illuminated laryngoscope of claim 63 wherein the handle and blade are configured such that the blade is rotatably connected to the handle.
67. Any of the devices of claims 121,2453, 5760, and 6366 wherein said devices are disposable.
Description:
CHEMILUMINESCENTLY ILLUMINATED MEDICAL APPLIANCES FIELD OF INVENTION [0001] This invention relates to devices that may be chemiluminescently illuminated and useful as medical, industrial, and consumer products. They may be disposable and may employ an integrated or attachable chemiluminescent source. In some variations, the device may include a supporting structure or body that is at least partially translucent or transparent for transmitting chemiluminescent illumination., BACKGROUND [0002] Safe and efficient use of many medical and dental appliances requires illumination. The illumination is desirably, amongst other things, precise, convenient, and not overly cumbersome or cost prohibitive.

[0003] A conventional approach to provide illumination involves the use of ambient lighting. Overhead lights may provide the ambient or room light. Although ambient lighting may provide adequate illumination for the surgeon in certain situations, ambient lighting is not always available as an illumination option such as in the military and paramedic (emergency) environments. Additionally, certain diagnostic procedures (e. g., radiology) preclude the use of ambient lighting because these procedures (e. g., fluoroscopy) are performed in a dark room or in lowered ambient lighting. Such procedures are hindered by direct lighting.

[0004] Another approach to providing illumination involves the use of additional attendants to direct a light source at the surgical field as the medical practitioner performs the procedure. The use of additional attendants to hold the light frees the medic's hands and provides adequate illumination. However, a shortcoming of this technique is that additional attendants may not always be available and, even if the attendants are available, their presence increases the cost of the procedure.

[0005] Internally lighted devices provide solutions to some of the above identified problems. Internally lighted devices also lessen improper direction or reflection of certain light sources such as overhead lamps. Medical and dental appliances have previously been lighted primarily by fiberoptic illuminators that project light through an attached cable containing glass or plastic fibers; the cable is typically connected to a surgical instrument or headlight device that projects light onto the area of interest.

[0006] Davis, in U. S. Patent No. 6,176, 824, refers to a series of fiberoptically illuminated appliances (including a dental suction, a vaginal speculum, a tongue depressor, and laryngoscope) each of which includes an elongate fiberoptic cable.

[0007] Pisarik, in U. S. Patent No. 6,024, 697, discusses a multi-bladed speculum that is intended for dilation of body cavities and that includes a receptacle for an electric light source. <BR> <BR> <P>[0008] Hsu, et al. , in U. S. Patent No. 6,004, 265, refers to a vaginal speculum with a<BR> means for connection to a fiber optic source. Moore, et al. , in U. S. Patent 3,716, 047, refers to a light conductive vaginal speculum that is adapted to receive and hold a light source.

[0009] Dieter, in U. S. Patent No. 5,716, 329, discusses an expandable speculum that contains, within the speculum handle, a fiber optic conductive pathway to allow for illumination.

[0010] O'Donnell et al. use fiber optic cables in U. S. Patent No. 6, 050, 713 to illuminate an intravenous drip lighting device.

[0011] Hipps et al. in U. S. Patent No. 6,228, 025, refer to a saphenous vein retractor that contains an illumination input to which a light cable (that is attached to an external light source) is attached.

[0012] Flom et al. discuss in U. S. Patent No. 6, 142, 935 a soft tissue retractor having illuminating fiber optics.

[0013] Redmon, in U. S. patent No. 5,569, 300 discusses surgical forceps that have a fiber optic illumination means on the blades inner surface.

[0014] Although use of fiber optics in medical appliances has reduced some of the above mentioned problems, fiber optically illuminated medical devices still require an external power or light source. Fiber optically illuminated medical devices are thus not conveniently functional in many situations such as emergency or military scenarios.

[0015] Proper placement of medical devices during a procedure can be critical. For example, proper endotracheal-device placement is critical in patients requiring assured airway access for breathing, anaesthetic, or resuscitative purposes. During intubation, a clear airway is critical because the airway can become obstructed by foreign bodies, fluid, or tissues (such as the patients tongue or regions of swelling). Lighting during intubation procedures is often inadequate and airway obstructions may compromise visualization of the proper anatomical pathways.

[0016] A laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is a commonly used method for endotracheal intubation that maintains an oral airway during anesthetic management or other medical procedures. LMAs facilitate lung ventilation in an unconscious patient by forming a low-pressure seal around the laryngeal inlet. An inflatable-ring seal typically surrounds a mask or cuff which fits into the lower pharynx and is attached to a tube which emerges from the mouth (e. g. , for connection to medical gas supply tubing).

[0017] An LMA is made of an oval mask body and a hollow cuff which engages the periphery of the mask body. A respiratory tube is connected to a tube connecting portion on the outside surface of the mask. Respiration is performed through the holes which are formed in the mask body. A tube for air injection and consequently inflation is connected to the cuff. Prior to insertion of the LMA, a medical professional deflates the cuff. Once the LMA is properly inserted into the patient's larynx, the medical professional inflates the cuff. A properly inserted and inflated LMA maintains an airway by covering the larynx.

[0018] LMAs are shown in U. S. Pat. Nos. 5,355, 879; 5,305, 743; 5,297, 547; 5,282, 464; 5,249, 571; and 5,241, 956.

[0019] To properly insert an LMA, the correct anatomical pathways must be visualized. The present invention is designed to overcome the visualization difficulties associated with typical LMA intubation procedures by employing a chemiluminescent light source.

[0020] Chemiluminescently illuminated medical and dental appliances are useful without external power sources, may be used under extreme situations (during power failures, emergency surgeries, or on a military field), and may easily be designed for disposability (to eliminate the costs of sanitization and the risks of repeated use).

Depending upon the application and structure of the medical appliance, the region of chemiluminescence may be integrated into the overall structure of the medical appliance or may be a separate section that is attached to the original structure of the medical appliance.

The integration of the chemiluminescent material into disposable medical appliances may serve as improvements over certain medical appliances to which the chemiluminescence was attached for a number of reasons: (1) there may be fewer components to manipulate, desirable during emergency situations; (2) integrated components may reduce the amount of material later to be disposed; (3) an entirely disposable unit may reduce sterilization costs and errors; (4) indented or grooved attachment regions may provide incubation sites for contamination.

[0021] An apparatus for endoscopic examination of a body cavity using chemiluminescent light source is described in U. S. Pat. Nos. 5, 179, 938 and 5,329, 938, both to Lonky. The described apparatus has a chemiluminescent light source having particular wavelength characteristics made up of blue and green wavelength. The device may be for improved screening of the vaginal cavity.

[0022] The regions of chemiluminescence used in the invention described herein may be in the form of separate chemiluminescent components that are attachable to the main structure of the medical appliance (via connectors, grooves, or cavities, etc. in the main structure). The chemiluminescent regions or sources of this invention may also be integrated into a region of (or into the whole of) the appliance depending of course upon the area to be illuminated. The chemiluminescent regions may have containment walls that are flexible or stiff.

[0023] Proper illumination may be even more critical in situations where a surgeon or paramedic providing medical intervention needs to make an incision on the body of the patient. The medical professional relies on visualization in order to perform the procedure, and a properly positioned light source ensures that there is adequate contrast and illumination for proper execution of the procedure. Not having adequate illumination not only could lead to failure of the procedure but could also result in irreversible injury to the patient.

[0024] Thus, in situations where surgical interventions are to be provided in environments having poor illumination such as on a battlefield or at a scene of a car accident, a well positioned light source that is lightweight and independent of an external power supply is desirable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0025] The present invention involves chemiluminescently illuminated devices.

They typically include an operational portion directed or configured for a particular application and an integrated or separately attachable chemiluminescent light source. The light source may surround (or be contained within) a portion of the device. Also, the phrase"light source"is intended to refer to at least one light source.

[0026] The devices may be configured to employ previously known operational portion or portions of a selected appliance. They may be configured to emit light onto those regions of the body, where the device is a medical device, and illuminate the field of the procedure for which the appliance is intended. The appliance may comprise an at least partially translucent medical or dental appliance that may be introduced into or engaged with the human body. The words"translucence"or"translucent"are intended to describe the ability to permit the passage of at least visible light but may refer to that ability whether the transmission is of diffuse light (translucent) or of transmission of light without substantial diffusion (transparent). At least a portion of the inventive devices may comprise materials that are translucent. These materials may be polymeric. The invention also includes methods of using the described devices and of illuminating an intended procedure, operation, or use of the device whether the device is translucent, semi translucent, or not.

[0027] The chemiluminescent material may be of the types that are induced or catalyzed (similar to that sold in Cyalume"light sticks"). Chemiluminescent materials are well known and appropriate ones are readily available from commercial sources. The various materials of construction should be compatible for use within the human body. The devices may be designed and adapted in such ways that they are either disposable or re- useable or portions of the devices are disposable or re-useable.

[0028] The chemiluminescent regions of this invention may be integrated into the device itself, e. g. , by placement of an open volume suitable for containing the chemiluminescent liquid, gel, or solid during manufacture of the device. Alternatively, they may be independent and placed upon or in the device after manufacture of the basic device in such a way that they are fixed, e. g. , via an adhesive, by solvent welding, by<BR> melting etc. , or by mechanical fasteners or in some other fashion. The region may be adapted to be removable. One commercially available method for producing chemiluminescence is via the use of a separate volume that is breakable or rupturable, separating a catalyst or reactant from a chemiluminescent precursor. Other ways of maintaining separation prior to use, e. g. , valves and seals, are also suitable.

[0029] Examples of the devices include: forceps, anoscopes, intubation devices, trocars, dental suction devices, surgical suction devices, tongue depressors, intravenous bag apparatus, surgical headlamp, surgical retractors, sternum retractors, catheter tips, intravenous needle tips, otoscope specula, butterfly needle, dental mirrors, tracheostomy devices, vaginal specula, laryngeal masks, laryngoscopes, and laryngeal intubation devices (blades and handles).

[0030] Additionally, a cutting device with an integrated or attachable chemiluminescent light source, and methods utilizing such a device is described. The light source may be self-contained and does not rely on an external power source to provide illumination.

[0031] A self-illuminating knife may include a chamber or reservoir integrated with the handle of the knife. The handle may be partially translucent to allow light generated by the chemiluminescent reaction to pass through the body of the knife. At least a portion of the knife may comprise materials that are translucent. These materials may be polymeric.

The chamber or reservoir contains chemiluminescent materials, which may be activated by the user to provide illumination. Various chemiluminescent materials well known to one skilled in the art may be implemented in this device. One possible combination of the chemiluminescent materials includes phenyl oxalate ester, hydrogen peroxide and a dye solution. Another organic oxalate (R-O-CO-CO-O-R', where the Rs stand for organic groups) that reacts with hydrogen peroxide to produce a product in an excited state may also be used.

[0032] The chamber may contain two or more sub compartments. The compartments may be used to separate the activation ingredient, e. g. hydrogen peroxide, of the chemiluminescent materials from the other ingredients. The compartments may be separated by a membrane or a divider that is adapted to be penetrated or broken when the chemiluminescent light source is activated. For example, the activation ingredient may be contained in a capsule that would break and release the activation ingredient when sufficient pressure is applied on the capsule.

[0033] In another aspect of the invention, regions of a chemiluminescence light source may be in the form of separate structures that are attachable to the main structure of the medical device (via connectors, grooves in the structure into which the illumination structures fit, etc. ). The regions or sources may be integrated into a region of or into the whole of the appliance depending of course upon the area to be illuminated. The regions may have containment walls that are flexible or stiff.

[0034] The self-illuminating knife may further include a lens or light refracting/reflecting surfaces that directs the distribution of light coming from the light source. Photo luminescent glow-in-the-dark materials, e. g. zinc sulfide with copper as an activator, strontium aluminate with europium as an activator, may also be integrated in the handle of the knife or coated on the surface of the knife to enhance the user's ability to see the knife and the surrounding area.

[0035] The self-illuminating knife may include a cap to cover the blade for safe storage. The cap may be adapted such that removal of the cap will activate the chemiluminescent light source. For example, the cap may have an interlocking mechanism that interacts with a capsule containing the activation ingredient of the chemiluminescent materials. When the cap is twist off the mechanical force breaks the capsule and releases the activation ingredient, starting the chemiluminescent chemical reaction.

[0036] In one variation of the self-illuminating knife, the device comprises a blade attached to a chamber adapted to receive a chemiluminescent light source. The chamber may be translucent or partially translucent. The chamber may be adapted with a lens or other light refracting surface to direct the distribution of the light from the light source.

Alternatively, the chamber may have spaces or holes on the wall of the chamber to allow passage of light. The chemiluminescent light source may be a translucent or semi- translucent unit containing chemiluminescent illuminant. For example, the chemiluminescent light source may be a chemiluminescent CYALUMEOO Lightstick produced by Omniglow Corporation of W. Springfield, MA. The lightstick may be adapted with lenses or a refractive surface that focus light from the light source toward the blade portion of the knife.

[0037] Alternatively, the self-illuminating knife may be constructed of an adapter having a locking mechanism at one end for securing a blade, and the other end of the adapter is designed with a mechanism for securing a lightstick. It is also contemplated that the self-illuminating knife may be constructed of a specially designed light stick with one end of the lightstick having a locking mechanism for securing a blade.

[0038] The invention also includes methods of using the self-illuminating knife for cutting or making incisions. This includes, but is not limited to, using a self-illuminating knife adapted with a surgical blade to make incisions on or within a human body. The surgeon or medical person first activates the chemiluminescent light source on the self- illuminating knife, then uses the knife to make an incision on the human body. If the light source is a removable member, the user may activate the chemiluminescent light source first, before inserting the activated light source into the chamber of the knife.

[0039] A variation of the method includes the use of the self-illuminating knife in minimally invasive surgical procedures where it would be difficult to provide illumination deep inside the cavity of the body. The self-illuminating surgical device may enhance illumination within the body cavity and may also act as a marker for the surgeon to determine the location and/or orientation of the surgical device.

[0040] A self-illuminating knife may provide a user a safer and more effective operating environment in situations where an electrically powered light source is unavailable or hard to setup. In particular, surgeons and medical persons required to provide medical intervention in an emergency situation where appropriate lighting is unavailable may benefit greatly from this invention.

[0041] Another aspect of the invention is a surgical probe with an integrated chemiluminescent light source. Also, the probe may be fabricated with photoluminescent material embedded within the device or coated on the surface of the device to provide the self-illuminating light source. The probe may be designed to include both chemiluminescent and photoluminescent materials.

[0042] In a variation, a chemiluminescent light source is integrated with an absorbent material, such as a sponge or gauze. A lightstick, a chemiluminescent probe or a chemiluminescent rod, may be attached to the sponges or gauze. Alternatively, a chemiluminescent light source may be embedded within the absorbent material. Such self- illuminating sponges may be useful for providing illumination to a poorly lit cavity or be applied as cavity/wound marker. They also may be useful in collecting/absorbing fluids to keep an area free of fluid.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0043] FIG. 1A is a top view of illuminated surgical forceps constructed according to this invention.

[0044] FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the chemiluminescent light source shown in FIG. 1A.

[0045] FIG. 1 C is a partial view of a forceps grasping element without a tooth.

[0046] FIG. 2. is a side view of illuminated surgical forceps constructed according to this invention.

[0047] FIG. 3A is an illuminated vaginal speculum constructed according to this invention.

[0048] FIG. 3B is a partial view of a variation of the speculum shown in FIG. 3A.

[0049] FIG. 4 is a front view of an illuminated, curved anoscope.

[0050] FIG. 5 is a front view of an illuminated, straight anoscope.

[0051] FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C are perspective views of illuminated trocars constructed according to this invention.

[0052] FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C are, respectively, a perspective view and two cross- sectional views of an illuminated dental suction device made according to this invention.

[0053] FIGS. 8A and 8B are perspective views of illuminated surgical suction devices made according to this invention.

[0054] FIG. 8C is a cross sectional view of the device shown in FIG. 8B taken along 8C-8C.

[0055] FIGS. 9A and 9B depict, respectively, a system having an illuminated intravenous bag, tubing, drip regulator and a variation of the drip regulator constructed according to this invention.

[0056] FIGS. 10A and 10B are perspective views of illuminated tongue depressors constructed according to this invention.

[0057] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a variation of an illuminated tongue depressor constructed according to this invention.

[0058] FIGS. 12A-12E are perspective views of various illuminated retractors.

[0059] FIG. 13 is perspective view of an illuminated surgical head lamp constructed according to this invention.

[0060] FIG. 14 is a front view of an illuminated surgical head lamp constructed according to this invention.

[0061] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an illuminated sternal retractor constructed according to this invention.

[0062] FIG. 16 is a front view of a catheter and illuminated catheter tip.

[0063] FIG. 17 is a front view of an illuminated syringe and needle assembly.

[0064] FIGS. 18,19, and 20 show respectively, a side view of a laryngeal mask inserted into a patient, a front view of the body member of the device inserted into the patient, and a back view of the body member of the device shown in FIG. 19 as inserted into the patient.

[0065] FIG. 21 is a front view of an illuminated butterfly needle assembly.

[0066] FIG. 22 is a perspective view of an illuminated dental mirror made according to the invention.

[0067] FIG. 23 is a perspective view of an illuminated otoscope insert.

[0068] FIG. 24 is a side view of a tracheotomy device made according to this invention.

[0069] FIG. 25 is a side view of an endotracheal intubation device having longitudinal illumination.

[0070] FIG. 26 shows a chemiluminescently illuminated stylet as may be used during intubation.

[0071] FIG. 27 shows a chemiluminescently illuminated laryngeal blade that may also used during intubation.

[0072] FIG. 28A illustrates one variation of a chemiluminescent scalpel.

[0073] FIG. 28B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the chemiluminescent scalpel shown in FIG. 1A.

[0074] FIG. 29 illustrates one variation of a self-illuminating cutting device comprising of a blade connected to a lightstick.

[0075] FIG. 30A illustrates another variation of a self-illuminating cutting device having an oval cross section and a tapered elongated body.

[0076] FIG. 30B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the self-illuminating cutting device shown in FIG. 30A.

[0077] FIG. 31A illustrates yet another variation of a self-illuminating cutting device having a chemiluminescent region at the distal end of the handle.

[0078] FIG. 31B illustrates a cross-sectional view, at the chemiluminescent region, of the self-illuminating cutting device shown in FIG. 31A.

[0079] FIG. 31 C illustrates a cap that is adapted to cover the blade of the self- illuminating cutting device shown in FIG. 31 A.

[0080] FIG. 32 illustrates one variation of a self-illuminating cutting device having a chamber adapted for receiving a chemiluminescent unit such as a lightstick.

[0081] FIG. 33 illustrates another variation of a self-illuminating cutting device having a chamber adapted for receiving a chemiluminescent unit.

[0082] FIG. 34A illustrates a variation of a surgical probe.

[0083] FIG. 34B illustrates another variation of a surgical probe having internal chambers for holding chemiluminescent illuminant.

[0084] FIG. 35 illustrates another variation of a surgical probe comprising a lightstick having a probe tip at the distal end of the lightstick.

[0085] FIG. 36 illustrates another variation of a surgical probe comprising a handle with a chemiluminescent light source and further having a detachable probe tip at its distal end.

[0086] FIG. 37 illustrates one variation of a chemiluminescent sponge comprising a chemiluminescent light source attached to a sponge.

[0087] FIG. 38 illustrates another variation of a chemiluminescent absorption device comprising surgical gauze attached to a chemiluminescent light source.

[0088] FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view of one variation of a self-illuminating absorption device comprising a chemiluminescent light source embedded in an absorption material.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0089] Medical appliances are described herein. The medical appliances may be directed and configured for various uses and procedures and have particular suitability where self illumination is advantageous such as in emergency and military environments.

The described devices typically comprise a chemiluminescent source that provides illumination. The chemiluminescent source or region, as will be explained in more detail below, is variously coupled to, associated with, or incorporated into the device.

[0090] The chemiluminescent materials may be comprised of various chemicals that are well known to one skilled in the art to be able to provide luminescence when reacted with one another. A chemical luminescent reaction requires two or more chemicals to react with one another. When the reaction occurs, the electrons in the new product get excited, and they emit light when the electrons fall back into their normal orbits. Examples of chemiluminescent materials are disclosed in the following patents: U. S. Pat. No.

3,539, 794 issued Nov. 10,1970 to Rauhut et al.; U. S. Pat. No. 3,350, 553 issued Oct. 31, 1967 to Cline; U. S. Pat. No. 3,729, 425 issued Apr. 24,1973 to Andress et al.; U. S. Pat. No.

3,808, 414 issued Apr. 30,1974 to Roberts; U. S. Pat. No. 3,893, 938 issued July 8, 1975 to Rauhut; U. S. Pat. No. 4,814, 949 issued Mar. 21,1989 to Elliott; U. S. Pat. No. 4,635, 166 issued Jan. 6,1987 to Cameron; U. S. Pat. 5,348, 690 issued Sep. 20,1994 to Cohen et al. ; U. S. Pat. 5,488, 544 issued Jan. 30,1996 to Ladyjensky; and U. S. Pat. No. 5,552, 968 issued Sep. 3,1996 to Ladyjensky; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0091] One combination of chemiluminescent materials commonly used in the industry comprises of phenyl oxalate ester, fluorescent dye solution and hydrogen peroxide.

The fluorescent dye may be a diphenyl-anthracene, a bis (phenylethynyl) anthracene, or a tetraphenylnaphthacene. The hydrogen peroxide may be separately contained in a subcompartment and isolated from the phenyl oxalate ester and the fluorescent dye. When the user intends to activate the chemiluminescent light source, the integrity of the subcompartment is compromised allowing mixing of the organic oxalate (R-O-CO-CO-O- R, wherein Rs stand for organic groups) with the hydrogen peroxide, H202. The product loses energy to relax back down to its ground state by dumping energy to the fluorescent dye molecule. The dye releases the energy as brilliantly colored light. The subcompartment may comprise a glass ampule containing the hydrogen peroxide. The ampule may be located within a main chamber containing the Oxalate Ester and fluorescent dye solution. Other chemiluminescent agents that are well known to one skilled in the art may also be implemented as the light source for the chemiluminescently illuminated device.

[0092] FORCEPS [0093] FIGS. 1 and 2 show chemiluminescently illuminated forceps 10 having grasping elements, 20 and 30, that merge and join at a junction 40. Grasping elements, 20 and 30, may be comprised of, at least partially, a translucent, light-conducting material or an opaque material. Although the region of chemiluminescence 60 may be placed anywhere on the forceps such that the primary predetermined function of grasping is illuminated, in the variation shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the chemiluminescent region 60 is shown as positioned behind the knurled region 50 (added to facilitate handling of the forceps). Of course, it is within the scope of this invention to place the region of chemiluminescence 60 closer to the grasping tips of the forceps 10. FIG. 1B shows a cross section of the chemiluminescent region 60 depicted in FIGS. 1A and 2. In this variation, the chemiluminescent region 60 includes a flexible wall 62 enclosing a volume containing a chemiluminescent material 64 and a frangible capsule 66 containing the activator or catalyst. The volume surrounds the grasping element 20. There are many variations of forceps or pickups, e. g. , with teeth (12) or without teeth (11) as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1C respectively.

[0094] The chemiluminescence region may also be a discrete, attachable, entirely self contained component such that it may be placed onto or otherwise joined to the medical device. For example, the chemiluminescent components may be contained in a self-enclosed ring that is slid over each grasping element 20 into position. The ring may be <BR> <BR> attached to the medical device with, e. g. , an interference fit, adhesive, heat bond, etc. The chemiluminescent components may be activated by squeezing the ring. Also, such rings or similar self-contained components may be combined with a number of different types of medical devices and are not limited to use with a forceps.

[0095] VAGINAL SPECULUM [0096] A chemiluminescently illuminated vaginal speculum appliance 310 is shown in FIG. 3A. The appliance 310 may be comprised of an at least partially translucent material. Speculum 310 may have, in many aspects, a construction and operation similar to that of conventional devices. The speculum 310 may include a lower fixed blade 330 that is connected to a base 340. The base 340 is secured to the speculum handle 350 and the yoke 360. A movable upper blade 370 may be pivotally connected to the yoke 360 by pivots 380. The pivot handle 390 permits the user to open and close the upper blade 370 as desired (indicated by directional arrow A). The pivot handle 390 may include an opening that engages a curved ratcheting element 392 extending from the yoke 360. The ratcheting element 392 holds the handle 390 in a selected position such that blades 330 and 370 may be pivoted apart to a desired degree during examination (indicated by directional arrow B).

The chemiluminescent region 394 is depicted as being integrated into the structure so that the speculum 310 and light source 394 are self-contained. The chemiluminescent region 394 may also be separately attached as described elsewhere herein. The region of chemiluminescence 394 may be positioned anywhere on the speculum 310. In the variation shown in FIG. 3A, the chemiluminescent region 394 is shown as positioned on the interior surface and walls of the upper blade 370 and lower blade 330 such that the body surfaces exposed for examination during the speculum's primary function of spreading may be illuminated. Variations include placement of the chemiluminescent region in areas along the tips of the blades or around the handle or integrated into the blades 332 as shown in FIG. 3B. In one variation, the blades have portions that are translucent allowing light to travel from the illumination source, through the translucent portions (or optical path), and out (e. g. , radially and/or axially) of the device.

[0097] In one variation, the blades may be formed of one or more layers of plastic <BR> <BR> (e. g. , ABS) having an open volume within the elements. The material may be soft enough to bend such that an operator may bent the blades prior to using them, activating a chemiluminescent component contained therein. The device (or blades) may thus be self illuminating and disposable.

[0098] Also, the blade elements may comprise a slot or opening that is configured to receive a self contained capsule of chemiluminescent component. The capsule may be activated and inserted into the slot of the blades. See, for example, U. S. Pat. Nos.

5,329, 938 and 5,179, 938 both to Lonky.

[0099] Additionally, as mentioned above, chemiluminescent region may be <BR> <BR> positioned or attached to the blades using, e. g. , adhesives or pressure fits. The<BR> chemiluminescent components may be entirely contained in a member (e. g. , a ring) that is separately attachable to a portion of the medical device.

[00100] ANOSCOPE [00101] The invention includes other forms of speculum or endoscopes, such as anoscopes (a speculum or endoscope used in direct visual examination of the anal canal), otoscopes (used in examination of the ear), ophthalmoscopes (used in examination of the eye), nasal pharynx illuminators (nasal passages), and dermatologic magnifiers (skin). An example of an anoscope is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. The variations display an example of a curved anoscope 410 in FIG. 4 and a straight anoscope 510 in FIG. 5. Again, the inventive devices may be comprised of materials that are at least partially translucent or opaque. For example, the device may be formed of a flexible plastic tubing. Also, they may be disposable. They are chemiluminescently illuminated. The regions of chemiluminescence 420,520 may be placed anywhere on the anoscope 410,510. In the variations shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the distal portion of the anoscope includes a ring of chemiluminescence 420,520. The variations shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 allow the light to shine towards the internal lumen and distally from the device. This allows the site of the examination to be illuminated. The proximal portion may be open to allow visualization by the naked eye or may include a magnifying glass 430,530 to improve visualization of the examined area.

[00102] Such rings of chemiluminescence may be adapted to fit on conventional tubes, endoscopes, intubation devices, catheters, etc. In this way, existing devices may be modified to self illuminate a surgical field. Again, the rings may be placed anywhere along the tube.

[00103] TROCAR [00104] FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C show various chemiluminescently-illuminated trocars. The trocar assembly 600 shown in FIG. 6A includes trocar sheath 602 and trocar 604. The variation shown in FIG. 6A includes a chemiluminescent light source 606 in the head 608 of the trocar sheath 602. Another appropriate site would be coextensive with the length of shaft 602 or in longitudinal stripes along the shaft of trocar sheath 602 or perhaps in circumferential bands about trocar shaft 602.

[00105] FIG. 6B shows a disposable trocar assembly 612 having trocar 614 and trocar sheath 616. Again, the chemiluminescent light region or source 618 may be situated proximally on the sheath 616 or may be placed along or around the shaft 620 of trocar sheath 616.

[00106] FIG. 6C shows still another variation of a trocar assembly 630, but in this instance without the trocar itself being shown. The chemiluminescent light source 632 may be placed so to illuminate the skin where the trocar is introduced or in any of the other sites mentioned with regard to the other trocar assemblies. Aspects of the trocar may otherwise be similar to commercially available trocars.

[00107] DENTAL SUCTION APPLIANCE [00108] A dental suction appliance is shown in FIG. 7A. The appliance 710 may include a suction tube component 720 that is connected to a suction source 730. The suction source 730 may be a standard dental suction apparatus that will be known to those skilled in the art. The suction tube component 720 includes a lightweight, flexible, elongate tubular member 740 that may comprise a translucent or light-conducting polymeric material. The tubular member 740 may be curved to include a hook 750.

[00109] The elongate tubular member may have a central bore 770 and a tubular wall 760 that may carry a bendable shaping element 780 (allowing the tubular member to be curved or hooked), all as displayed in FIG. 7B. The one or more chemiluminescent regions 712 (near the distal end of the device), 714 (intermediate the shaft 710), 716 (at the distal-most end of the device as placed into the mouth) may be positioned as desired during design and manufacturing, if fixed, or as adjusted if designed in such a way. As is shown in FIG. 7C, the region surrounding the shapeable element 780 may be enlarged to serve as a chemiluminescent chamber 718. Indeed, in many variations of the dental suction appliances, the stiffener member is not an independent member, the designers choosing to utilize a tubing that is plastic or formable by hand. Such a chamber may be used as a longitudinal chemiluminescent chamber 718.

[00110] The one or more chemiluminescent regions may be positioned so that the mouth is illuminated when the suction is effected.

[00111] SURGICAL SUCTION APPLIANCE [00112] As shown in FIG. 8A, a surgical suction appliance 770 is similar in structure and may be similarly made. Surgical suction appliance 770 includes one or more suction ports 772A, 772B, a lumen 774 connecting that port to a suction source (not shown) typically connected to proximal opening 776, and a suction-breaker port 778 allowing the user to break the vacuum to the distal end port when necessary. Placement of the chemiluminescent regions within or upon such a surgical device is also similar to that described above. Chemiluminescent source 782 is shown in FIG. 8A at the distal end of the device near the suction port 772. Another chemiluminescent source 784 is shown farther up the shaft of the device.

[00113] FIG. 8B depicts another suction device, generally either for use in surgery or for dental use or any other procedure where fluids and substances are to be removed. The surgical device 790 in this variation includes a shaft 792 having a chemiluminescent light source 794 that is coextensive with shaft 792.

[00114] One example of a chemiluminescent source that is coextensive with the appliance shaft is illustrated in FIG. 8C where an annular space 793 between in inner and outer tubular member contains the chemiluminescent materials. Also, an elongated tube or member may run along the shaft that is not an annular volume nor in a coaxial relationship with the main lumen providing the suction. The chemiluminescent reservoir or source may run side by side with the suction lumen. Still, as with many of the devices disclosed herein, the chemiluminescent source or region may be disposed in a number of different locations along the medical device.

[00115] Surgical suction devices may further include a number of ancillary medical devices, such as detachable mosquito clamps, staplers, and electrocautery probes. The electrocautery probe may include a distal resection electrode that is mounted between a pair of arms. The arms are joined at their proximal ends to an electrode lead that is coupled via a handle to a source of electrocautery current. This structure allows practice of a resection procedure that involves connecting a cauterizing voltage to the electrode and moving the electrode slowly through or over a tissue. Via the energy applied through the electrode, the tissue in contact with that electrode is excised. Chemiluminescent light sources added in the vicinity of the probe for lighting of the excision do not interfere with the electrocautery devices nor does the electrocautery probe interfere with the chemiluminescent illumination of the site.

[00116] Additionally, an LED may be positioned at the distal end of the device to illuminate the surgical field. A wire (s) supplying voltage to the LED may run along the tubular member of the suction device.

[00117] INTRAVENOUS FLUID SUPPLY APPLIANCE [00118] An intravenous fluid supply appliance 900 having, e. g. , chemiluminescent regions located independently in an intravenous bag, a drip, along the tubing, at the controls, and at the drug injection port is shown in FIG. 9A. This variation may have the benefit of facilitating safer patient infusion of medicinal fluids particularly in situations with insufficient ambient lighting. IV Bag 910 supplies a liquid to the patient through supply line 960. The supply line tubing 960, in turn, is in fluid communication to the IV bag 910 through a conventional bag spike connector 930 that penetrates an outlet port 920 at one end of the IV bag 910. Adjacent the outlet port 920 is a secondary port 940, that is closed with a drug injection stopper 950. An IV drip regulator 971 (that regulates and monitors fluid flow) is shown attached to the IV tubing (supply line) 960.

Chemiluminescent regions may be seen at 968 along the IV bag 910, at 970 circumferentially banding tubing 960, at 962 in the neighborhood of the drug injection port 950, at 964 in the control area 930, and at 966 in the drip regulator 971 system. The chemiluminescent region may be placed longitudinally along the tubing 960 although such a variation is not shown here. The structure would desirably be similar to that shown in FIG. 8B for the suction device or as described elsewhere in this application.

[00119] One or more chemiluminescent regions may be situated anywhere primarily for the function of illuminating the device itself during use or during adjustment. For instance, in the variation shown in FIG. 9A, a region of chemiluminescence 968 is attached to the side of the IV bag 910 to allow visualization of the IV bag's contents, 970 to the IV tubing 960 to allow visualization of flow, and 966 to the drip regulator 971 to allow flow rate adjustment and monitoring.

[00120] FIG. 9B shows a variation of the IV drip regulator 971 shown in FIG. 9A.

This drip regulator 972 includes a chemiluminescent light source 974 situated within the volume interior to IV drip regulator 972. In this way, a fluid passing through the regulator 972 by dripping will likely pass over the light source 974 and be illuminated in a dark area.

[00121] TONGUE DEPRESSOR [00122] Chemiluminescently illuminated tongue depressors, "ahhh-sticks", or tongue "blades"1010 are shown in FIGS. 10-11. The depressors 1010, 1110, and 1012 may comprise an elongate piece of material often flat and often flexible. They may have areas that are at least partially translucent. They may comprise a material that is at least partially translucent. The depressor is traditionally substantially flat and made from a flexible material that is capable of holding a patient's tongue in place. The region of chemiluminescence may be placed anywhere on the depressor. Examples of the throat and/or oral cavity of the patient to be examined and those examined regions to be illuminated are shown in the variations shown in FIGS. 10-11. In FIG. 10A, a chemiluminescent region 1020 is situated at an end of the device 1010. In FIG. 10B, the chemiluminescent source or region 1014 is situated variously within and coextensive with the depressor stick 1012, or on one surface or the other of the stick 1012. In FIG. 11, a region of chemiluminescence 1120 is placed longitudinally along the length of the depressor 1110.

[00123] SURGICAL RETRACTOR [00124] FIG. 12A shows an example of an illuminated surgical retractor 980 having a handle 982, distal blade 984 for pulling on and retracting tissue, and a chemiluminescent source 986. FIG. 12B shows another illuminated surgical retractor 992 typical of the sort used in finer surgery, e. g. , neurosurgery. Retractor 992 includes a handle 994, a small blade 996, and a chemiluminescent source or region 998. FIG. 12C shows a generic retractor 993 in which the front 995 and upper 997 surfaces include a chemiluminescent light source. As with the other variations of the invention discussed elsewhere, the various retractors may comprise a translucent material, some portion of the device may comprise a translucent material, or the device may be opaque. The chemiluminescent region may be placed as desired on the device to illuminate a desired region. The chemiluminescent region may be integrated with the retractor and components of the device, or not. The device may be disposable, if so desired.

[00125] VASCULAR SURGICAL RETRACTOR [00126] FIG. 12D displays an exploded view of a chemiluminescently illuminated vascular retractor 1210 comprising a handle 1220, a first blade section 1230, a second blade section 1240, and an optical connector 1250. In this figure, chemiluminescent source 1200 is coupled to the optical connector 1250 such that light is passed into at least a portion of second blade member 1240 to illuminate a target site. At least a portion of the second blade member shown in this variation is translucent. Alternatively, the light from connector 1200 may be directed through member 1230.

[00127] The outer surface 1280 of the second blade 1240 is bonded to the first blade inner surface 1270 of the first blade section 1230 such that the first and second blade sections 1230,1240 are substantially parallel along the substantial length of the first and second blade sections. The second blade section 1240 may be connected to the first blade section 1230 as is known in the art (e. g. , pins, screws, adhesives, etc.).

[00128] Also, a region of chemiluminescence may be integrated into the structure so that the retractor and illumination source are self-contained. Also, a region of chemiluminescence may be separately attached via an optical connector as shown in Figure 12D. Again, when separately attached via the connector, the chemiluminescent regions or volumes may be configured so that they are attachable to the medical appliance (via connectors or grooves, etc. in the structure where the illumination components fit.).

[00129] In the variation shown in FIG. 12D, the chemiluminescence source is shown to be attachable to the optical components 1250. However, the region of <BR> <BR> chemiluminescence 1200 may be placed elsewhere on the retractor 1210 (e. g. , in a groove, or reservoir portion built into the device). This device may be used to illuminate retracting subcutaneous tissue away from a vessel surface.

[00130] In another variation, as shown in FIG. 12E, a region of chemiluminescence 1202 is found between the connector 1250 and the handle 1220. Alternatively, of course, one or more chemiluminescent regions may be situated between the connector 1250 and either or both of the first and second blade sections 1230,1240.

[00131] SURGICAL HEAD LAMP [00132] A perspective and a front view of a chemiluminescently-illuminated surgical head lamp 1310 are shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 (respectively). The head lamp 1310 comprises an adjustable headband 1350, a focusing cone 1330 (that focuses and directs the illumination) that is connected to the headband, and a chemiluminescent source 1340. The <BR> <BR> head lamp may be affixed to the headband 1350, e. g. , via a suitable connector 1320 such as a ball and socket joint. Also, the headband may have a joint or break that is connectable with Velcro. The joint may be connected to adjust the size of the headband. The chemiluminescent source 1340 may be integrated into the overall structure of the medical appliance or may be a separate attachable component. The region of chemiluminescence 1340 may be placed anywhere on the headlamp 1310. In the variation shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the region of chemiluminescence 1340 is integrated within the focusing cone 1330.

The chemiluminescent illumination may also take the form of separate attachments that are attached to the headlamp (not shown). Also, the focussing cone 1330 may be replaced with a lens, e. g. , a Fresnel lens, if so desired.

[00133] SURGICAL STERNAL RETRACTOR [00134] An example of a chemiluminescently illuminated surgical sternal retractor is shown in FIG. 15. The retractor may include a rack 1510, a pinion (not visible), a moveable arm 1520, and a fixed arm 1550. Sternal blades 1570,1560 are attached to the fixed 1550 and movable arms 1520, respectively, of the rack 1510. A rotatable handle 1540, attached to the pinion, engages the rack 1510, and when rotated, causes the movable arm 1520 to move along the rack 1510 (changing the separation distance between the blades 1560,1570). As is the case with the other variations of the invention discussed herein, the chemiluminescent sources or regions may be integrated into the structure of the device itself so that the retractor and illumination source are self contained and no additional attachments are necessary, or they may be separately attached via connectors or grooves in the structure into which the illumination structures fit, etc.

[00135] One variation shown in FIG. 15 is placement of chemiluminescent regions 1500 and 1502 into the movable and fixed arms 1520,1550. Alternatively, one or more chemiluminescent regions 1504 may be placed in the rack 1510. Some clearance in the pinion region would be desirable, of course.

[00136] Although the requirements for a retractor for one purpose differ greatly from the requirements for a retractor for a different purpose, surgical retractors generally perform the function of spreading apart two adjacent anatomical structures to permit access by the doctor; this invention refers to the addition of chemiluminescent regions to all surgical retractors. Therefore, the sternal surgical retractor shown in FIG. 15, is intended merely as an illustrative example, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

[00137] CATHETER [00138] A chemiluminescently illuminated catheter tip made according to the invention is shown in FIG. 16. Attached to a catheter 1600 at the catheter's distal end 1610 is a chemiluminescently illuminated catheter tip 1620. The catheter tip 1620 may be translucent. One potential benefit of such a device is that the catheter may be easily and properly placed in a vessel during a period of reduced lighting. Although the region of chemiluminescence 1620 is shown at the distal end of the catheter 1610 in the variation shown in FIG. 16., the region of chemiluminescence may be placed or incorporated as desired on the catheter or along the longitudinal axis of the catheter.

[00139] SYRINGE [00140] A syringe assembly 1700 having a syringe 1710 and needle 1720 is shown in FIG. 17. The proximal end of the needle 1720 is attached to the needle hub 1730 of the syringe 1710. A region of chemiluminescence 1740 is shown at the junction 1730 of the syringe 1710 and needle 1720. This variation illuminates the area of the body during the step of, e. g. , intravenous injection. Alternative embodiments may include placement of one or more chemiluminescent sites or sources anywhere along the needle hub 1730 or syringe 1710.

[00141] LARYNGEAL MASK [00142] FIGS. 18,19, and 20 show a chemiluminescently illuminated airway system having a laryngeal-mask unit 10 and its airway tube 20. The mask unit 10 typically includes a relatively stiff body or backing-plate 40 and an aperture, relatively thin body- membrane portion having an aperture or lumen 50 through which the airway tube 20 can establish an open, externally accessible ventilation passage. Shown in position in FIG. 18, the airway passes via the patient's mouth and throat 60, and past the epiglottis 70 to the larynx 80.

[00143] The body member of the mask may be described as generally dome-shaped, with its concave side terminating in a generally elliptical footing and facing the laryngeal inlet ; its convex side faces the backwall of the pharynx. The body may be made of an elastomer such as silicone rubber, is relatively stiff, and is surrounded by an inflatable ring 90 that is generally elliptical and attached to the body member in essentially a single plane.

The inflatable ring 90 may also be of silicone rubber, although preferably, the ring is relatively soft and flexible compared to the body member. An externally accessible tube 100 supplies air to the inflatable ring 90 and extracts air from (and therefore collapses) the ring 90 during insertion into or removal from the patient.

[00144] In the installed position shown in FIG. 18, the projecting but blunted distal end 140 of the ring 90 is shaped to conform with the base of the hypopharynx where it has established limited entry into the upper sphinctral region of the esophagus 120.

[00145] As shown in FIG. 20, the back side of the body member is covered by a thin flexible panel 150 that is peripherally bonded to the inflatable ring 90 and in sealed engagement around the entrance of the tubes to the mask structure, to define an inflatable back cushion. The inflated ring 90, when engaged to the laryngeal inlet, orients the distal end of the airway tube 20 at an acute angle to the general plane of the ring 90 and in substantial alignment with the axis of the laryngeal inlet, for direct airway communication only with the larynx 80. A stiffener member 22 may also be inserted through the airway tube 20 or evacuation tube 110.

[00146] The chemiluminescent source may be positioned anywhere along the tubing 20 or 110 to assist with illumination of the pathway to the larynx. The walls of the tubing may contain the component. It may be desirable to provide double or redundant walls to prevent any material from escaping the device. Also, the self contained capsule of chemiluminescent component may be activated and inserted into one of the tubes prior to the procedure. Of course, the capsule should not be so large that it occludes the passageways of the device.

[00147] Also, in the variation shown in FIG. 18. a band of chemiluminescence 170 is attached around the evacuation or air tubing, proximally of the inflatable ring 90 or body member 40. Activation of the chemiluminescence prior to insertion allows more accurate intubation procedures in limited lighting scenarios and especially in emergency or field scenarios. The catalyzable chemiluminescent material may be the same as that sold in CYALUME (g)"Lightsticks".

[00148] BUTTERFLY NEEDLE [00149] Another illuminated medical appliance is a butterfly needle 200 shown in FIG. 21. The butterfly needle 200 includes a needle shaft 202 with a distal end 203 for entry into a vein or artery. The proximal end includes a connector 204 (or, more often, a short length of tubing). The term"butterfly"is derived from the attached tape assembly 206 allowing grasp of the needle assembly 200 during insertion into the body. The needles 202 are typically quite thin or fine. One or more chemiluminescent sources 208 are situated in the wings to assist in lighting the"stick"area.

[00150] DENTAL MIRROR [00151] FIG. 22 shows an illuminated dental mirror 210 having a mirror surface 212, a shaft 214 for the user to grasp, and one or more chemiluminescent sources 216 situated surrounding the mirror surface. The chemiluminescent source may also be incorporated elsewhere in the appliance.

[00152] When the chemiluminescent source is situated elsewhere on the device, an optical path may be provided or incorporated into the device to transmit light from the source to the intended field. An optical path may be created a number of ways including, e. g. , the use of translucent materials that direct the light to the intended field.

[00153] OTOSCOPE [00154] FIG. 23 shows an insert 220 for use with an otoscope. The conical insert 220 has a small distal opening 222 and a small chemiluminescent source 224 situated distally about the outer surface of the otoscope insert. Illumination of the ear or nose using the source is then possible.

[00155] TRACHEOTOMY DEVICE [00156] A tracheotomy device 230 is shown in FIG. 24. The device shown is in the nature of a first aid tool. Separation of the blade portion 232 from the cap portion 234 may, if designed so, activate one or more chemiluminescent sources 236 to illuminate the blade during a tracheotomy procedure. One or more additional chemiluminescent sources 240 may be placed in the cap for additional light.

[00157] The chemiluminescent source may also be placed within the blade or handle.

It may be integrated with the blade, providing a self illuminating disposable blade. The blade may be comprised of plastic. In one variation, the plastic is soft such that the chemiluminescent component may be activated by bending the plastic blade.

[00158] ENDOTRACHEAL AIRWAY INTUBATION DEVICE [00159] FIG. 25 shows an endotracheal airway intubation device 240 having an endotracheal tube 242 having a proximal end 244 and a distal end 246. The endotracheal tube includes an air injection tube 248 and an inflatable cuff 250. The intubation device may further include a longitudinally situated light source 252 built into the endotracheal tube. Flexible tubing 254 may be used to connect the endotracheal tube to a suction source (not shown). Depending upon the material of construction of the device, this variation will provide chemiluminescent light axially from the ends of the device and/or through the wall <BR> <BR> of the device. The chemiluminescent capsule may be, for example, a. ) connected with the<BR> tube, b. ) inserted within tube, or c. ) attached elsewhere along the device.

[00160] The device may further include a malleable wire for adjusting the shape of the endotracheal tube.

[00161] STYLET [00162] FIG. 26 shows a stylet assembly 260 as might be used in intubating a patient needing a temporary airway. Here, the stylet 262 includes a chemiluminescent light source 264 that is coextensive with the stylet shaft 262. Also shown is a handle 266 and an openable ring 268 as might be used with an intubation airway.

[00163] LARYNGOSCOPE [00164] FIG. 27 shows a laryngoscope comprising a laryngeal blade 272 and handle 274. The blade may be curved or straight. The blade may be made of various materials. In one variation, the entire assembly is made of a plastic (e. g. , Cycolac manufactured by GE) and the blade includes the chemiluminescent components. The blade may be soft such that bending the blade activates the chemiluminescent material. Also, the blade's cross section may be curved to facilitate the insertion of other instruments into the throat, providing access to the larynx. Again, the blade 272 may form the outer surface of the chemiluminescent light source. In this way, the throat is illuminated in such a way that an intubation airway may be readily inserted because of the illumination in the patient's throat.

[00165] SCALPEL [00166] Referring to FIG. 28A, a variation of a chemiluminescent scalpel is illustrated. The chemiluminescent scalpel has a blade 2 attached to a blade holder 4. The body of the blade holder has a reservoir 6 containing chemiluminescent materials. The reservoir 6 may have two or more compartments separating different chemiluminescent materials. The user may activate the chemiluminescence by breaking the barrier separating the different chemicals. Furthermore, the reservoir 6 may have an elongated shape disposed along an elongated body 8 to form the blade holder. The elongated body 8 may be relatively flat (e. g. the elongated body may have a cross-section area with a height'h' that is at least three times the width'w', as shown in FIG. 28B). The elongated reservoir 6 may be placed on top of the elongated body 8 as shown in FIG. 28A or it may be placed on the bottom of the elongated body (not shown). Light may be emitted through a clear tip 10 on the top and/or on the bottom of the blade. If the reservoir is on top, a channel or light transmitting medium may be provided to direct light from the reservoir to the clear tip 10 on the bottom. Alternatively, a channel or light transmitting medium may be provided to direct some of the chemiluminescent material to flow down to an area next to the clear tip 10 on the bottom. If the reservoir 6 is on the bottom then the same approaches may be used to direct light to a clear tip 10 on top, allowing light to be emitted from the top.

[00167] The reservoir 6 may be constructed of mostly opaque material with the distal end having a translucent tip 10 allowing light to pass through. Alternatively, the reservoir may be partially or completely translucent allowing the chemiluminescent light to project in various directions as desired. The elongated body 8 may also be constructed of translucent or semitranslucent materials. The tip 10 may be constructed of light refracting material (e. g. glass, plastic) to project light in a particular direction that may be desirable to the user.

[00168] The chemiluminescent scalpel may be constructed of metal, polymer, or metal alloy with at least part of the reservoir 6 made of translucent material that allows light generated through chemiluminescent reactions to escape from the reservoir.

Alternatively, the blade holder 4, including the reservoir may be constructed of polymers such as plastic or other suitable polymeric materials. In another variation, the body of the knife is constructed of translucent and/or semi-translucent materials to allow light generated through the chemiluminescent chemical reaction to escape the reservoir.

[00169] The blade 2 may be a conventional surgical blade or another sharp object with a cutting surface. It is preferable, but not necessary, that the blade be constructed of a metal alloy. Metals or other materials well known to one skilled in the art, e. g. , diamond, that is suitable for construction of a blade may also be used.

[00170] In some applications, it may be desirable to construct the chemiluminescent scalpel of materials that are relatively low cost, e. g. polymeric materials, so that the device may be disposable after use. The user may activate the chemiluminescent material when he desires to use the device, and when the chemiluminescent period is complete or when the user no longer needs the self-illuminating scalpel, he may dispose of the scalpel. The blade may be made of a bendable plastic such that bending of the blade can activate the chemiluminescent materials.

[00171] SURGICAL CUTTING DEVICES [00172] FIG. 29 illustrates another variation of a self-illuminating cutting device.

This design comprises of a blade 2 connected to a light-stick 14. The light-stick 14 may be constructed of a translucent tubular body. The translucent tubular body may be flexible. A frangible or breakable ampule 16, e. g. , of glass, may be contained within the tubular body.

Hydrogen peroxide may be contained within the ampule 16. The space between the tubular body and the ampule 18 may contain phenyl oxalate ester and a dye solution. When the light-stick is flexed, the ampule inside the light-stick will break. This results in the mixing and reaction of phenyl oxalate ester and hydrogen peroxide, and the chemiluminescent reaction is initiated. The dye solution may be fluorescent dye solutions of various colors.

Specific color may be selected depending on the intended application of the self- illuminating device. The junction 20 connecting the blade to the light stick may have a locking mechanism that allows the user to replace the blade on the self-illuminating device.

[00173] In another variation of the self-illuminating cutting device, the device is comprised of a surgical blade 2 connected to an elongated body 22 containing chemiluminescent materials, as seen in FIG. 30A. The elongated body 22 may have an oval cross-section, shown in FIG. 30B, that enhances the user's ability to hold and manipulate the cutting device. The elongated body 22 may be comprised of, partially or completely, a translucent light conducting material or an opaque material. A lens 24 may be incorporated into the distal end 26 of the elongated body for focusing light at the distal end 26 of the cutting device. Instead of a lens 24, various light-refracting surfaces may be incorporated at the distal end of the elongated body 22 to direct light toward the distal end of the device.

[00174] In an alternative design, the self-illuminating cutting device may have a relatively flat and elongated handle with a blade connected to the handle at the handle's distal end. Although the region of chemiluminescence 30 may be placed anywhere on the handle, or the blade, in the variation shown in FIG. 31A, the chemiluminescent region 30 is positioned behind the blade 2 at the distal end 32 of the handle. FIG. 31B shows a cross section of the chemiluminescent region depicted in FIG. 31A. In this variation, the chemiluminescent region 30 includes a flexible wall enclosing a volume containing a chemiluminescent material and a frangible capsule 36 containing the activator or catalyst.

The volume surrounds portions of the elongated handle 38.

[00175] The self-illuminating cutting device may further include a cover 40 or hood that protects the blade 2. The cover is adapted so that when the cover 40 is removed the chemiluminescent materials will be activated. In one variation, the cover 40 is designed to partially collapse the chemiluminescent region 30 thus breaking the frangible capsule 36 and initiates the chemiluminescent reactions. The handle may further comprise other luminescent materials such as photoluminescent materials (e. g. zinc sulfide, strontium aluminate) to enhance the illumination of the device.

[00176] In another variation of the design, the self-illuminating cutting device comprises of a chamber 50 connected to a blade 2, as shown in FIG. 32. The chamber 50 is adapted to receive a chemiluminescent unit. A chemiluminescent unit may be a cell, receptacle, capsule or other suitable enclosed unit that contains chemiluminescent materials and is capable of emitting light when the chemiluminescent materials are activated. An example of a chemiluminescent unit is a light-stick such as the CYALUME Lightstick manufactured by Omniglow Corporation of West Springfield Massachusetts. The chamber 50 may be at least partially translucent to allow light generated by the chemiluminescent unit to pass through at least parts of the wall of chamber 50. In one variation, the chamber may be completely comprised of translucent material. The chamber may have a cap 52, such that once the chemiluminescent unit is placed inside the chamber the cap may be secured on the chamber 50 to maintain the chemiluminescent unit within the chamber 50.

In an alternative design, a locking mechanism is provided to secure the chemiluminescent unit directly in the chamber 50.

[00177] In an alternative design, the chamber may comprise opaque materials. Gaps or holes 54 may also be placed on the wall of the chamber to allow light to escape the chamber, as seen in FIG. 33. In a variation of this design, the chamber is comprised of translucent or semi-translucent materials.

[00178] NON-CUTTING DEVICE AND PROBE [00179] As shown in FIG. 34A, a self-illuminating surgical probe may have non- cutting or relatively atraumatic tip 61 and a patterned surface to enhance the surgeon's ability to grasp the device, and may additionally provide tactile feedback on the position of the probe. Chemiluminescent region may be provided on the probe as described herein.

[00180] The surgical probe 60 may have a slight curvature 62, as seen in FIG. 34A, to enhance the surgeon's ability to separate tissue with the probe or to provide the surgeon with better field of view when the probe is used to separate tissue. As illustrated in FIG.

34A the surgical probe may have a"S"shaped curve. Alternatively, the surgical probe may have a relatively straight handle portion followed by slight curvature at the distal end of the probe.

[00181] FIG. 34B shows an example of a chemiluminescent probe. The body of the probe may contain a chemiluminescent light source. In one variation, the chemiluminescent light source may comprise a main chamber 68 and a breakable capsule 70 containing chemiluminescent materials. Within the main chamber 68 there may be chemiluminescent components such as fluorescent dye, phenyl oxalate ester and a breakable capsule 70 containing hydrogen peroxide. Section 64 of the probe may contain translucent plastic that enhances the transmission of light from the chamber with chemiluminescent material to the distal end of the probe. The light probe enhances the user's ability to see the probe and the surrounding area.

[00182] In another aspect of the invention, the chemiluminescently illuminated elongated body may have a non-cutting tip 92 as shown in FIG. 36. The device may have a handle with an attached tip 92 of various flexibility depending on the user's needs.

Alternatively, it may be constructed of a single integral unit or material as shown in FIG.

35. The elongated body may take on the shape of a surgical probe. Preferably, the diameter of the chemiluminescently illuminated surgical probe has a diameter of less than 2 centimeters. More preferably, the diameter of the chemiluminescently illuminated surgical probe has a diameter between about 0.2 centimeters to about 1.5 centimeters. Even more preferably, the chemiluminescently illuminated surgical probe has a diameter between about 0.3 centimeters to about 0.9 centimeters. Alternatively the surgical probe may have a cross-sectional area that is flat (i. e. , the width is larger than then height). The cross- sectional area of the probe may also be oval shape.

[00183] The chemiluminescently illuminated surgical probe may provide the surgeon with a tool for testing patency of ducts, continuity of spaces, or integrity of a hollow body organ. Since many ducts or confined spaces inside a human body are small and their path may be winding, it is difficult to direct light into such cavities. A self-illuminating surgical probe not only provides lighting inside the cavity as the surgeon explores the cavity, but also makes it easier for the surgeon to visually determine the position and orientation of the probe. The probe may be designed with various illuminating and non-illuminating segments. Alternatively, the probe may have various fluorescent dyes so that different segments on the same probe illuminate different colors of light.

[00184] The self-illuminating surgical probe may be constructed from various metals or metal alloys one skilled in the art would use for fabricating surgical instruments. An elongated chemiluminescent reservoir may be positioned along an elongated body to form the self-illuminating surgical probe. In another variation, the probe is constructed of various polymers or malleable plastic one skilled in the art would consider suitable for constructing a surgical instrument. In one variation, the self-illuminating surgical probe is comprised of a biocompatible polymer. Chemiluminescent and/or photo-luminescent materials may be integrated or attached to the probe to provide illumination. The self- illuminating probe may further include a lens or light refracting/reflecting surfaces that directs the distribution of light coming from the chemiluminescent light source. The self- illuminating probe may also comprise a fiber optic material or path for directing light from a light source to a remote region.

[00185] The self-illuminating probe may be constructed of an elongated polymer body with integrated photo luminescent glow-in-the-dark materials, e. g. zinc sulfide with copper as an activator, or strontium aluminate with europium as an activator. In another variation, chemiluminescent materials are integrated into the body of the probe to provide illumination.

[00186] The self-illuminating probe may also comprise of reflective materials. For example, Mylar, Foylon, metalized polyester or other metalized polymers may be incorporated into the fabrication of the chemiluminescent surgical probe. Other light- reflective or light-diffusion materials that are well known to one skilled in the art may also be incorporated into the surgical probe.

[00187] CHEMILUMINESCENTLY ILLUMINATED ABSORBER/GAUZE [00188] In another aspect of the invention, absorbent materials 102 may be attached to the distal end of a lightstick or a chemiluminescent light source 104, as shown in FIG 37.

For example, sponges or gauze may be attached to one or both ends of a lightstick or a chemiluminescent elongated handle to create a self-illuminating device for removing fluids or controlling bleeding. FIG. 38 illustrates one variation of such a device, where surgical gauze 106 is attached to the distal end of a lightstick. Such a self-illuminating absorption device may be particularly useful in a surgical setting where the surgeon has difficulty directing lighting in a cavity in a patient's body. In addition, such a device may also be helpful in clearing up or removing fluids in an emergency environment.

[00189] In another variation, a chemiluminescent light source may be embedded within a sponge, a gauze (e. g. , a ball or other shape) or other absorbent materials 112. A chemiluminescent light source may be a cell, receptacle, capsule or other suitable enclosed unit that contains chemiluminescent materials and is capable of emitting light when the chemiluminescent materials are activated. The absorbent material 112 may be translucent or semi-translucent, so that distribution of the light may be enhanced. In one variation, all the absorbent material 112 may be translucent or semi-translucent. Alternatively, only parts of the absorbent materials 112 used may be translucent or semi-translucent. One variation of such a self-illuminating absorption unit is shown in FIG. 39. In this example, the chemiluminescent light source comprises a main capsule 114 or enclosure with a flexible wall 116 containing chemiluminescent materials. Within the main capsule 114 there may be a compartment or a secondary capsule 118 with a frangible wall that separates the activation ingredient or catalyst from the other chemiluminescent materials. The main capsule 114 is surrounded by absorbent materials 112 such as a sponge. The user may apply pressure to the main capsule 114 forcing the wall of the main capsule to flex and this in turn induces pressure on the secondary capsule 118 inside the main capsule, resulting in the collapse of the secondary capsule 118. Thus, the activation ingredient inside the secondary capsule 118 is released initiating the chemiluminescent chemical reaction.

[00190] In another aspect of this invention, during the fabrication of the absorbent material, photoluminescent glow-in-the-dark materials may be introduced so that the end product may be absorbent and photoluminescent. The photoluminescent absorbent material may be used along or enhanced with chemiluminescent light source by embedding a capsule or chamber with chemiluminescent materials within the photo-luminescent absorbent material.

[00191] The self-illuminating sponges or absorbent material may be used for marking a location of a cavity, wound, or source of bleeding on a human body. For example, on a battlefield or a site of a car crash, the medic may mark the site of the wound with self-illuminating sponges. Usually in such a situation, the sponge or gauze placed over the wound will absorb blood and become hard to identify from the background, which is also covered with blood. The self-illuminating sponge may give off light allowing a surgeon to quickly identify the location of the wound or the source of bleeding at the hospital.

[00192] During a surgical procedure, self-illuminating sponges may be placed inside a cavity to absorb blood and control bleeding, and at the same time provide light to an area that is hard to illuminate. Sponges with different illuminating colors may be used to assist surgeons in marking and differentiating various locations within an area being operated on.

[00193] A number of medical appliances have been discussed. The concept of chemiluminescent medical appliances may also be extended to other medical appliances, e. g. chemiluminescent intravenous catheter tips and intravenous needles of various styles.

It is within the scope of this invention that the medical devices be used as veterinary devices as well.

[00194] This invention has been described and specific variations, examples and applications have been portrayed. The use of those specifics is not intended to limit the invention in any way. It would be apparent to those in the field that many more modifications and variations are possible with out departing from the inventive concepts herein. To the extent that there are variations of the invention that are within the spirit of the disclosure and yet are equivalent to the inventions found in the claims, it is our intent that this patent cover those variations as well.