COATING COMPOSITION FOR SURFACE TEMPERATURE REDUCTION

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/279,400 filed on January 15, 2016 entitled "Coating Composition for Surface Temperature Reduction," which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIELD

[0002] The present technology relates to a coating composition for reducing the surface temperature of a substrate to which it is applied.

BACKGROUND

[0003] In general, surfaces exposed to sources of UV-radiation can become hot to the touch due, at least in part, to the absorption of the light rays by the surface. Dark surfaces, such as black-colored surfaces, can absorb nearly all wavelengths of light. When the light radiation is absorbed, it converts to other forms of energy, usually heat, which is then emitted by the surface. Accordingly, the darker an object, the better it emits heat and therefore the hotter it is to the touch.

[0004] Anyone walking across asphalt on a hot, sunny day knows first-hand the extent of the heat of the asphalt. Additionally, a swimmer can face the same issues when he exits a pool on a hot, sunny day, only to place his or her bare feet on the scalding hot concrete outside of the pool and quickly dash into the shade for relief. Apart from being unpleasant, these hot surfaces can go as far as to damage the feet of adults and children who walk across them, not to mention the footpads of dogs, cats, and other animals.

[0005] There are coating compositions attempting to combat these problems. The current coating compositions incorporate infrared reflective pigment technologies to minimize heat build in coated surfaces exposed to sunlight. However, this type of composition only addresses one issue relating to surfaces in the sun and therefore is limited in its ability to drop the temperature of a coated surface. Further, the infrared reflective pigments are expensive and are only available in limited colors, thus limiting options available to potential customers. Other compositions fail to reflect and/or scatter UV light as a means for reducing the temperature of a coated surface.

[0006] Accordingly, there exists a need for an improved coating composition that is cost- effective, available in a wide range of colors, and allows for improved surface temperature reduction through various means.

SUMMARY

[0007] The present technology relates to a coating composition suitable for maintaining a cooler surface temperature in the presence of a UV source, e.g., the sun, as compared with a control coating composition. The coating composition can reflect the sun's rays to provide a cooler surface when compared to control compositions of similar colors. The composition may be used to coat a variety of substrates and may be used, for example, as a coating for walking surfaces. When applied to a walking surface, the coating can provide a much cooler surface that is barefoot-friendly, even in the presence of the sun or other strong UV-ray sources.

[0008] The coating composition of the present technology may include a carrier, a binder, a thickener, a spherical-shaped glass, and an additive. In an embodiment, the coating composition may include a filler and/or a colorant. The composition may include a filler. In an embodiment, the coating composition does not include carbon black.

[0009] In an embodiment, the composition may include about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % thickener. The thickener may be selected from any appropriate material, including, but not limited to, hydroxy ethyl cellulose.

[0010] In an embodiment, the composition may include about 10 to about 20 wt. % glass.

The glass may be selected from any appropriate material including, but not limited to, spherical- shaped silicate glass or borosilicate.

[0011] In an embodiment, the composition may exhibit high film build.

[0012] In an embodiment, the composition does not include carbon black.

[0013] In an aspect, the present technology discloses an article having at least one surface coated with the coating composition. The article may be made of any appropriate material, including, but not limited to, concrete, brick, stucco, asphalt, wood, metal, plaster, roof shingles, or plastic.

[0014] The coated surface of the article may have a solar reflectance value of at least

25% more than a surface coated with a conventional coating. Further, the coated surface may have a reduced surface temperature of over 25°F as compared to a surface coated with a conventional coating. In an embodiment, the spherical-shaped glass of the coating composition reflects UV light. In an embodiment, the high film build reflects UV light.

[0015] In an aspect, the present technology may disclose a process for preparing a coating composition including providing a carrier, a binder, a thickener, a spherical-shaped glass, and an additive and mixing the aforementioned components together. In an embodiment, the coating composition may develop a high film build.

[0016] In an aspect, the coating composition may include a carrier, a binder, a thickener configured to create a high film build, and an additive.

[0017] In an aspect, the coating composition may include a carrier, a binder, a thickener, and no carbon black.

[0018] These and other aspects and embodiments are further understood with reference to the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the coating composition on a surface;

[0020] Figure 2 is a boxplot comparing the temperature differences between a control and a prototype coating composition after 30 minutes of heat source exposure in a laboratory;

[0021] Figure 3 is a bar chart comparing the temperature differences of 18 color variations of a control and of a prototype coating composition after 30 minutes of heat source exposure in a laboratory;

[0022] Figure 4 is a bar chart comparing the percentage temperature differences of 18 color variations of a control and of a prototype coating composition after 30 minutes of heat source exposure in a laboratory;

[0023] Figure 5 is a boxplot comparing the temperature differences between a control and a prototype coating composition after 240 minutes of heat source exposure in a laboratory;

[0024] Figure 6 is a bar chart comparing the temperature differences of 6 color variations of a control and of a prototype coating composition after 240 minutes of heat source exposure in a laboratory;

[0025] Figure 7 is a boxplot comparing the temperature differences between a control and a prototype coating composition on exposure over concrete;

[0026] Figure 8 is a boxplot comparing the temperature differences between 5 color variations of a control and of a prototype coating composition on exposure over concrete;

[0027] Figure 9 is a boxplot comparing the temperature differences between 5 color variations of a control and of a prototype coating composition on exposure over concrete;

[0028] Figure 10 is a boxplot comparing the total solar reflectance of a control versus a prototype coating composition; and [0029] Figure 11 is a bar chart highlighting the total solar reflectance of 17 color variations of a control versus a prototype coating composition.

[0030] The drawings are not to scale unless otherwise noted. The drawings are for the purpose of illustrating aspects and embodiments of the present technology and are not intended to limit the technology to those aspects illustrated therein. Aspects and embodiments of the present technology can be further understood with reference to the following detailed description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present technology provides a coating composition suitable for maintaining a cooler surface temperature in the presence of a UV source, e.g., the sun, as compared with a control coating composition. The coating composition can reflect the sun's rays to provide a cooler surface when compared to control compositions of similar colors. The coatings can be used to coat a variety of substrates and can be used, for example, as a coating for walking surfaces. When applied to a walking surface, the coating composition may provide a much cooler, slip-resistant surface that is barefoot-friendly, even in the presence of the sun or other strong UV source.

[0032] The coating composition of the present technology may include a carrier, a binder, a thickener, a glass, an additive, a filler, and a colorant. Each of such ingredients may comprise a single component or several different components. The coating composition may not include all of the above components. In an embodiment, the composition may not include a thickener. In an embodiment, the composition may not include a glass. In an embodiment, the composition may not include carbon black.

[0033] The coating composition may include a carrier component. The carrier is a fluid component which serves to carry all of the other composition components. The carrier is part of the wet composition and usually evaporates as the composition forms a film and dries on a surface. In latex compositions, the carrier is usually water. In oil-based compositions, the carrier is usually an organic solvent, including but not limited to, dimethyl carbonate, Oxsol® 100, Mineral Spirits, and Aromatic Naptha 100. The amount and type of carrier is usually determined by features of the other coating composition components. In an embodiment, the amount of carrier may range from about 10 to about 40 wt. %, from about 15 to about 35 wt. %, from about 20 to about 30 wt. %, and even about 22 to about 26 wt. % of the composition. In an embodiment, the carrier may be approximately 23 wt. % of the composition. In an embodiment, the carrier may be approximately 25 wt. % of the composition.

[0034] The coating composition may include a binder component. The binder component is what causes the composition to form a film on and adhere to a surface. In a latex composition, the binder is a latex resin, usually selected from acrylics, vinyl acrylics, and/or styrene acrylics. In a latex composition, the latex resin particles usually are in a dispersion with water as the carrier. In an embodiment, the binders may be RHOPLEX AC-2829 and ROPAQUE OP-96. In an oil-based composition, the binder may be any appropriate material, including, but not limited to, methylmethacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, or related chemistries. The amount and type of binder is usually determined by features of the other coating composition components. In an embodiment, the amount of binder may range from about 30 to about 60 wt. %, from about 35 to about 55 wt. %, from about 40 to about 50 wt. %, and even from about 42 to about 46 wt. % of the composition. In an embodiment, the binder may be approximately 45 wt. % of the composition. In an embodiment, the binder may be approximately 49 wt. % of the composition.

[0035] The coating composition may also include a thickener component. Thickeners are additives which, when added to a carrier in small amounts, raise its viscosity. Typically, the viscosity of the carrier may change from one poise to about 20-100 poises on the addition of about 0.5 to about 4 wt. % based upon solids content of thickener used.

[0036] The amount and type of thickener is usually determined by features of the other coating composition components. In an embodiment, the amount of thickener may range from about 0 to about 5 wt. %, from about 0.01 to about 4 wt. %, from about 0.1 to about 3 wt. %, from about 0.2 to about 2 wt. %, and even from about 0.5 to about 1 wt. % of the composition. In an embodiment, the thickener may be approximately 0.4606 wt. % of the composition. In an embodiment, the thickener may be approximately 0.4136 wt. % of the composition.

[0037] Thickeners are commonly classified as "natural" or "synthetic." Examples of suitable natural thickeners include, but are not limited to, casein and alginates. Examples of synthetic thickeners include, but are not limited to, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), alkali soluble emulsions (ASE thickeners), hydrophobically-modified ethylene, oxide urethane (HEUR thickeners), hydrophobically-modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMHEC), and hydrophobically- modified alkali soluble emulsion (HASE). Of these, the acrylic thickeners are often preferred as they are not prone to bacterial or fungal attack on storage. Natural or synthetic cellulosic thickeners may also be used. However, when they are used bactericides and fungicides may need to be added to the composition.

[0038] The unique thickening properties of thickeners are due to their ability to absorb large quantities of water leading to a great deal of swelling. In the case of acrylic thickeners, this property is achieved by incorporating an acidic monomer, such as methacrylic acid, as a copolymer during the synthesis. The finished polymer, when partially or fully neutralized, swells and takes up water. The neutralizing agents used can be inorganic, such as sodium hydroxide or ammonia, or inorganic, such as amines. The extent of thickening achieved can be further controlled by the addition of solvents such as alcohols, for example, methanol, ethanol and butanol, or ketones such as acetone, methylethyl ketone, or other solvents such as propasol, butyl cellosolve, and/or butyl carbitol. Other solvents, where useable, are generally mentioned in the trade literature supplied by the manufacturer. Additional control of the extent of thickening can be obtained by using different concentrations of the thickener, higher concentrations giving a greater extent of thickening. Increased thickness of a coating composition may improve the heat reflective and scattering properties of an article coating in the composition.

[0039] The coating composition may also include a glass component. The glass component may be selected from any appropriate material, including, but not limited to, silicate glasses, such as fused quartz, fused silica glass, vitreous silica glass, soda-lime-silica glass, sodium borosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, lead-oxide glass, crystal glass, aluminosilicate glass, and germanium oxide glass, phosphate glasses, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0040] In an embodiment, the glass is borosilicate glass. Borosilicate glass is a type of glass that includes at least silica, soda, lime, and boron borosilicate. In some embodiments, the glass of the composition includes at least 8% boric acid, at least 10% boric acid, at least 12% boric acid, at least 15% boric acid, and even at least 18% boric acid. Borosilicate glass has a low coefficient of thermal expansion (~3 ^χ 10-6 /°F at 20°F), making it generally resistant to thermal shock. The glass may help to form a stable emulsion in the composition. Further, the glass is compatible in the coating composition as it is also non-combustible and nonporous, so it does not absorb resin.

[0041] The amount and type of glass is usually determined by features of the other coating composition components. In an embodiment, the glass used in the composition may be SCOTCHLITE K46 glass microspheres or SCOTCHLITE K37 glass microspheres. In an embodiment, the glass may be Q-CEL hollow glass microspheres. In an embodiment, the glass may be SPHERICEL hollow glass microspheres. The glass may be formed in any appropriate shape and size, so long as it has a good crushability factor making it appropriate for being walked on. In an embodiment, the glass is in a rounded or spherical form, e.g., a microsphere. The spherical shape of the glass provides for increased reflective properties of the composition and allows for increased reflecting and scattering of UV, less likely with flake or other non- rounded shapes of glass. In an embodiment, the amount of glass may range from about 5 to about 25 wt. %, from about 8 to about 22 wt. %, from about 10 to about 20 wt. %, from about 12 to about 18 wt. %, and even from about 14 to about 16 wt. % of the composition. In an embodiment, the glass may be approximately 15.0878 wt. % of the composition. In an embodiment, the glass may be approximately 12.166 wt. % of the composition. In an embodiment, there may be no glass in the composition.

[0042] A multitude of additives may also be included in the coating composition. The additives may typically be included in any appropriate level in the composition. However, even at relatively low levels in the coating composition formulation, the additives may contribute to various properties of the composition, including, but not limited to, rheology, stability, paint performance, and application quality. Examples of additives that may be included in the coating composition, include, but are not limited to, dispersing aids, anti-settling aids, wetting aids, additional thickeners, extenders, plasticizers, stabilizers, light stabilizers, antifoams, defoamers, catalysts, rheology modifiers, rheology additives, biocides including microbiocides and/or fungicides, texture-improving agents, UV-absorbers, anticorrosive agents, anti-slip aggregates, pigments, color indicators, and/or antifluccoulating agents. The amount and type of additives are usually determined by features of the other coating composition components. In an embodiment, the amount of additives may range from about 2 to about 20 wt. %, from about 5 to about 17 wt. %, and even from about 8 to about 14 wt. % of the composition.

[0043] In an embodiment, the coating composition may not include carbon black as an additive. Carbon black is a commonly used black pigment that strongly absorbs UV radiation. For compositions containing carbon black, the solar reflectance may be less than about 20%, less than about 10%, and even less than about 5%. This results in increased light absorption and increased temperature of the coated substrate. Accordingly, coating composition that do not include carbon black may have increased solar reflectance values which contribute to decreased surface temperatures of substrates coated in the coating material as compared with substrates coated in a coating material containing carbon black. The lack of carbon black in the coating composition provides other benefits such as improved lifetime for the coating and substrate through reduced temperature strains.

[0044] The coating composition may also include a filler component. The filler may be any appropriate material, including, but not limited to, calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, calcite, calcium, clay, silica, resins, aluminum oxide, carbon fibers, quartz, boron nitride, pumice, magnesium oxide and hydroxide, and talc. The amount and type of filler is usually determined by features of the other coating composition components. In an embodiment, the amount of filler may range from about 0 to about 25 wt. %, from about 5 to about 20 wt. %, and even from about 10 to about 15 wt. % of the composition.

[0045] The coating composition may also include colorants. The colorants may provide the composition with both decorative and protective features. Colorants are often liquid particles used to provide the composition with various qualities, including, but not limited to, color, opacity, and durability. The composition may also contain other solid particles such as polyurethane beads or other solids. The colorants may be present in any appropriate amount in the coating composition, including, but not limited to, about 0 to about 12 oz., about 2 to about 10 oz., about 4 to about 8 oz., and even from about 6 to about 7 oz. The colorants may vary based on the desired end color of the coating composition, the use of the coating composition, etc. Examples of suitable colorants include, but are not limited to, titanium dioxide, yellow iron oxide, red iron oxide, umber, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, quinacridone red, diketopyrrolopyrrole red, naphthol red, quinacridone magenta, transparent iron oxides, carbazole violet, perylene red, bismuth vanadate yellow, arylide yellow, and diketopyrrolopyrrole orange. The colorants may be added during the original preparation of the composition or they may be added later at the time of purchase.

[0046] The coating composition can be prepared by mixing any or all of the following materials: the carrier, binder, thickener, glass, additive, filler and colorant. The components may be combined in any appropriate manner, e.g., sequentially, all at once, or in various stages. The colorants may be added during the original preparation of the composition or they may be added later when a customer selects a preferred shade, e.g., at the point of sale. Further, the glass microspheres may be added during the original preparation of the composition or they may be added later, e.g., at the point of sale. In an embodiment, the composition may be formed by the standard order of making typical coating compositions, i.e., non-cooling coating compositions. In an embodiment, these components may be formed in-situ. In another embodiment, the components may be preformed materials. The coating composition can be prepared at any appropriate temperature, including from about 20°C to about 40°C.

[0047] The coating composition may have a pH in the range of from about 8 to about

10.5. After the initial mixing of the coating composition, it may be necessary to adjust the pH of the composition to fall within an appropriate range.

[0048] The coating composition can be applied by any suitable methods including, but not limited to, by brush, by roller, by spraying, by dipping, etc. Curing can be accomplished by any suitable curing mechanism including, for example, thermal condensation.

[0049] The coating composition can be applied to provide a coating layer of a desired thickness. In one embodiment, the coating composition has a thickness of from 0.5 micrometer to about 500 micrometers; from about 1 micrometer to about 300 micrometers; and even from about 3 micrometers to about 200 micrometers.

[0050] The coating composition can be used in a variety of applications where a cool coated surface is desired. The coating composition can be suitably coated onto a substrate such as concrete, brick, stucco, asphalt, wood, metal, plaster, roof shingles, or plastic. The coating composition may be applied with or without the use of a primer. The coating composition may be applied directly to a bare surface or onto a previously painted surface. The coating composition may be applied to interior and/or exterior surfaces. In an embodiment, the coating composition may be coated onto an outdoor deck or pavement surrounding a swimming pool and/or spa. The coating composition may be used to coat a surface and provide a cool surface on boats, stadiums, balconies, walkways, concrete and/or wooden decks/patios, pool decks, concrete floors, asphalt surfaces, such as roads, sidewalks, etc., recreational areas, garages, aquatic centers, dog parks, etc. The coating composition may be used to paint lines on roads, sidewalks or athletic courts, e.g., outdoor basketball courts, shuffleboard courts, tennis courts, etc. The coating composition may also be used on walls to maintain a cooler temperature in a room and/or outside of a building. Additionally, the coating composition may be used to coat roof shingles to keep the shingles cooler to the touch during application and then help to maintain a cooler environment in the building below.

[0051] Once the coating composition of the present technology is coated on a substrate, it may be allowed to dry, for example, by evaporation, thereby leaving a dry coating with the cool surface benefits. Any drips or misapplications of the coating composition may be easily cleaned up.

[0052] Once applied to a surface located in the presence of UV-radiation, the coating composition can reflect most heat away from the surface. As shown in Figure 1, a coating composition 100 containing microspheres 120, lacking carbon black, and having a higher film build is applied to a surface 110. The surface 110 is exposed to a source of UV-light, e.g., the sun 140, which radiates UV-light 150 onto the coated surface 110. The majority of the UV-light 160 is reflected off the surface 130, and only a minimal amount of the UV-light 170 is absorbed and turned into heat. Further, the coating composition may allow for the scattering of UV-light off the surface. This allows for the coated surface to remain cooler in temperature than a surface coated with a conventional coating or a surface without a coating.

[0053] The present coating composition may include and/or exclude specific colorants in order to keep the temperature of a coated surface low. The inclusion/exclusion of certain colorants may allow for the increased reflection and scattering of UV-light, thereby keeping the temperature of the coated surface lower as compared to coatings by compositions with/without these certain colorants. For example, the coating composition may exclude carbon black. The result of excluding and/or include specific colorants may allow for a temperature differential of at least 10°F.

[0054] Further, the present coating composition may include thickeners and/or rheology modifiers (e.g., hydroxyethyl cellulose) that allow for a high film build. This high film build allows for an increased viscosity and thickness of the coating composition, which creates an increased reflection and scattering of light, thereby keeping the temperature of the coated surface lower as compared to coatings without thickeners and/or rheology modifiers. The incorporation of thickeners and/or rheology modifiers in specific amounts may result in a temperature differential of at least 10°F.

[0055] Additionally, the present coating composition includes glass that allows for the increased reflection and scattering of UV-light, thereby keeping the temperature of the coated surface lower as compared to coatings by compositions without the glass. The incorporation of glass in specific amounts results in a temperature differential of at least 10°F.

[0056] In an embodiment, the coating composition may include glass. In an embodiment, the coating composition may include glass and a high film build. In an embodiment, the coating composition may include glass, a high film build, and no carbon black. In an embodiment, the coating composition may include glass and a no carbon black. In an embodiment, the coating composition may include a high film build and a no carbon black. In an embodiment, the coating composition may include a high film build. In an embodiment, the coating composition may include no carbon black.

[0057] Together or separately, these concepts can result in a coating composition that, when applied to a surface, can result in reduced surface temperatures of over 25°F as compared to a conventional coating exposed to the same UV light. In an embodiment, the surface temperature of a coated article can be reduced by over 10°F, over 15°F, over 20°F, over 30°F, over 35°F, over 40°F, over 45°F, and even over 50°F. This can result in a surface temperature that is over 5% cooler, over 10% cooler, over 15% cooler, over 20% cooler, over 25% cooler, over 30% cooler, 35% cooler, over 40% cooler, over 45% cooler, and even over 50% cooler than surfaces coated with a conventional coating.

[0058] Furthermore, the present coating composition can allow for a solar reflectance of at least 10% more, at least 15% more, at least 20% more, at least 25% more, at least 30% more, at least 35% more, at least 40% more, at least 45% more, at least 50% more, at least 55% more, at least 60% more, at least 65% more, at least 70% more, at least 75% more, and even at least 80% more than surfaces coated with a conventional coating.

[0059] The reduced surface temperature and increased solar reflectance of the coating composition provides for other benefits such as improved lifetime for the coating and coated substrate through reduced temperature strains. Further, the coating composition allows for a variety of color tints and hues through its formulation.

[0060] The present technology may be incorporated into a latex paint coating, a solvent- based paint coating, a sealant, a waterproofing material, a floor cleaner and/or wax, or any other appropriate solution that could benefit from a reduced surface temperature on the materials upon which it is being coated.

[0061] The present coating composition may provide other benefits such as resistance to slipperiness around water and other liquids as compared to conventional pool and similar coatings. The application of the present coating composition may reduce slip and fall injuries and other related accidents near swimming pools, hot tubs, bathtubs, etc. Furthermore, the coating composition is resistant to pool chemicals such as chlorine, bromine, algaecide, etc., along with many other household chemicals for long-lasting coating protection and appearance.

[0062] While the technology has been described with reference to various exemplary embodiments, it will be appreciated that the modifications may occur to those skilled in the art, and the present application is intended to cover such modifications and invention as fall within the spirit of the invention. Further, it should be noted that throughout the specification and claims, numerical values may be combined to form new and non-disclosed ranges

[0063] The following examples are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting of the technology as disclosed and claimed herein.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

For all of the examples, the following formulations of coating compositions were used.

[0064] A control composition comprising a general latex paint formulation was produced.

[0065] A prototype composition including the general latex paint formulation of the control composition along with 12.1660 wt. % SCOTCHLITE K46 glass microspheres and 0.4136 wt. % Natrosol H ₄ Br was produced.

Example 2

[0066] A control composition and a prototype composition were prepared substantially in accordance with that of Example 1. Both the control and prototype compositions were tinted to 18 various colors. Two coats each of the control and prototype compositions were roll-applied over 12x12 concrete blocks. The control and prototype compositions were applied over the same block to reduce substrate to substrate variation. The blocks were placed under 2 GE Halogen 100W 120V lamps for 30 minutes in the laboratory. The surface temperatures of the coated surfaces were measured using a handheld IR temperature gun at various time intervals from 2- 240 minutes. As shown in Figure 2, the mean temperature of the control composition was 118.7°F with a standard deviation of 10.3°F and the mean temperature of the prototype composition was 102.44°F with a standard deviation of 10.3°F.

[0067] Figure 3 is a bar graph comparing the temperature differences of the control versus the prototypes for all 18 colors. For example, there was a 34°F difference between the temperature of the blueberry control and blueberry prototype after both samples were exposed to 30 minutes of exposure under UV lamps in the laboratory.

[0068] Figure 4 is a bar graph depicting the percentage temperature difference for the control and prototype compositions by color.

Example 3

[0069] A control composition and a prototype composition were prepared substantially in accordance with that of Example 1. Both the control and prototype compositions were tinted to 18 various colors. Two coats each of the control and prototype compositions were roll-applied over 12x12 concrete blocks. The control and prototype compositions were applied over the same block to reduce substrate to substrate variation. The blocks were placed under 2 GE Halogen 100W 120V lamps for 240 minutes in the laboratory. The surface temperatures of the coated surfaces were measured using a handheld IR temperature gun at various time intervals from 2- 240 minutes. The mean temperature of the control composition was 162.5°F with a standard deviation of 17.9°F and the mean temperature of the prototype composition was 134.7°F with a standard deviation of 13.7°F. The results are shown in Figure 5.

[0070] Figure 6 is a bar graph comparing the temperature differences of the control versus the prototypes for all 18 colors. For example, there was a 43°F difference between the temperature of the blueberry control and blueberry prototype after both samples were exposed to 240 minutes of exposure under UV lamps in the laboratory.

Example 4

[0071] A control composition and a prototype composition were prepared substantially in accordance with that of Example 1. Both the control (here, Sample A) and prototype (here, Sample B) compositions were tinted to 5 various colors. The control and prototype compositions were coated side-by-side onto concrete slabs and exposed to multiple days of external exposure in Warrensville, Ohio. The surface temperatures of the coated surfaces were intermittently measured using a handheld IR temperature gun at various external temperatures ranging from 74°F-89°F. The mean temperature of the control composition was 124.3°F with a standard deviation of 10.0°F and the mean temperature of the prototype composition was 112.13°F with a standard deviation of 6.47°F. The results are shown in Figure 7.

[0072] Figure 8 is a boxplot comparing the temperature differences of the control versus the prototypes for all 5 colors tested. For example, there was a 22°F difference between the temperature of the blueberry control and blueberry prototype after both samples were exposed to external conditions. Example 5

[0073] A control composition and a prototype composition were prepared substantially in accordance with that of Example 1. Both the control and prototype compositions were tinted to 18 various colors. Two coats each of the control and prototype compositions were roll-applied over 12x12 concrete blocks. The control and prototype compositions were applied over the same block to reduce substrate to substrate variation. The control and prototype compositions were measured for total solar reflectance near ambient temperature using ASTM CI 549 and a portable solar reflectometer. The control composition has a mean total solar reflectance of 0.507 SRI with a standard deviation of 0.107. The control composition has a mean total solar reflectance of 0.6446 SRI with a standard deviation of 0.0790. The results are shown in Figure 10.

[0074] Figure 11 is a bar graph highlighting the total solar reflectance percentage increase for the prototypes versus the control for all 18 colors. As shown in the graph, two of the colors have over a 60% increase in total solar reflectance when comparing the control and prototype in the same color.

[0075] The test results show that the present technology enables the maintenance of a cooler surface temperature than the same tint of composition in a control version, due at least in part, to solar reflectance.

[0076] While the above description contains many specifics, these specifics should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but merely as exemplifications of preferred embodiments thereof. Those skilled in the art may envision many other possible variations that are within the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.