"Coating Compositions"

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1 ) FIELD OF TnE INVENTION

This invention relates to coating compositions

and in particular to water-based paints and to a two-

coat system in which they are used to produce a gloss

finish.

2) DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

Conventional paint systems can be divided into

two general classes, (a) organic solvent-based paints,

usually applied as a system containing at least two coats,

namely an "undercoat" and a"gloss", for example an alkyd

gloss paint, and (b) water-based paints.

Alkyl gloss paints have given films of higher

initial gloss than known water-based paints and may

provide greater water resistance and better rust inhibiting

properties. They also aϋbw for heavy pigmentation and

can be applied so as to give smooth surfaces free from

brush marks, this being particularly assisted by the

relatively long "wet edge" time allowing for spreading

of the paint before it dries into a film.

However, solvent-based paints suffer from many

disadvantages, some of which are given below:-

(1) the paints may release toxic or inflammable fumes,

(2) pale colours (especially white) may be somewhat dulled

or yellowed both by the presence of the solvents and by

a tendency to age rapidly,

(3) alkyd systems are prone to staining, especially by

tobacco smoke,

(4.) they do not have a particularly long shelf life,

(5) they are not particularly resistant ^{' •} to alkali salts,

(6) to achieve good film coverage and prevent running of

the paint,- particularly skilled application is required,

(7) re-coating of a surface requires rubbing down of the

surface with sandpaper to obtain a key or alternatively

the surface has to be completely stripped of previous

layers of paint by burning or chemical means, and

(8) alkyd paints tend to lose their initial gloss..rather

quickly, particularly where subjected to the elemenis.

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In today's environment, unpleasant odours are

not so acceptable and the various fire and toxicity regu¬

lations now being brought into force are much more

^* i stringent.

This makes the use of water-based paints much ^''

more attractive. . However, with conventional water-based

gloss paints, it may be difficult to achieve a bright

high-gloss surface, this being because of the high solids

content due especially to the presence therein of pigments,

fillers and extenders; in such paints the optimum amount

of added pigment represents a compromise between heavy

pigmentation to give high opacity and low pigmentation to

achieve brightness and high gloss (both of which are reduced

on- increasing the amount of pigment). In addition, a

substantial amount of pigment may need to be incorporated

in suchpaints to achieve a desired effect of- shade.

It is to be noted that in conventional paints,

whether solvent - or water-based, the colouing component

must be provided by a pigment which is a particulate ma er-

ial completely insoluble in the paint vehicle.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION . .

It is an object of the invention to provide a

coating composition which does not suffer from the above-

mentioned disadvantages associated with conventional

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solvent-based paints.

It is another object of the invention to provide

a coating composition v/hich gives a superior gloss,

brightness, and depth of shade than conventional water-

based paints and which, additionally, has better adhesion,

better build-up .properties, better flow properties, better

light fastness and better weathering properties.

. ' It is a further object of the invention to provid

a coating composition which offers a wider range of

colours than conventional, water-based paints and which can •

be used to produce special effects as described hereinafter. It is a still further object of the invention

to provide a coating composition which allows a great

.Saving in expense as compared with conventional paints

both from the point of view.of manufacturing costs and

amounts of composition required to achieve ~a desired result.

Thus, a high gloss finish having sufficiently

high opacity can be obtained by applying to a surface

a water-based coating composition according to the

invention, which composition contains a polymeric binder

component and, as colouring component, a dyestuff soluble

in the aqueous medium.

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The composition is applied as at least a top,

gloss providing coating in a two-coat system, a desired

depth of shade then being attainable using lower amounts

of colouring components as ^' compared with conventional

emulsion paints. Since sucn a composition is water-

based, it can be applied without the abovementioned dis¬

advantages associated with alkyd gloss paints and addition¬

ally provides a far superior gloss than can be achieved

with tne conventional water-based paints.

__n addition, the use of painτ compositions

embodying tne invention provides many further advantages

(discussed in more detail later), particularly as regards

savings in

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expense, over conventional water-based paints.

Embodiments of the present invention include

(1) a coating composition, particularly suitable for use as- an undercoat in a two-coat system, which coating composition comprises an aqueous medium ^" containing, as a colouring component, a dyes uff soluble in the aqueous medium and optionally additionally containing a pigment,

(2) a coating composition comprising an aqueous medium containing, as colouring component, a dyestuff soluble in the aqueous medium, and a polymeric binder component in sufficient quantity to be capable of providing a gloss •finish, and

(3) a combination of colouring compositions for imparting colour and gloss to a surface, .which combination comprises at least a first coating composition which is water-based, contains a first colouring component and is capable of providing an undercoating, and a second coating composition capable of providing the gloss, which second coating comp¬ osition is water-based and contains a polymeric binder component in an amount sufficient to impart the gloss to the said surface and a second colouring component which is a dyestuff soluble in the water. The two colouring components may be the same-or different.

The combination of colouring compositions thus provides a two-coat system in which the first coating be¬ fore application of a second coating, gives a matt finish which imparts the desired opacity (the desired matt finish can be achieved by the choice of the type and amount of

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the various constituents as later described) and the second coating imparts the gloss finish, i

As with conventional paints, it is of course poss¬ ible to provide more than ^' one undercoat superimposed one on the other and/or more than one gloss. However, because the colour of the undercoat (and this may be highly coloured) contributes greatly to the overall colour of the two-coat system, _^ there is more chance than with conventional paints of achieving sufficient opacity with only one top coat, and results comparable with known alkyd gloss and water-based paints can be achieved with less paint.

Thus, (a) because of this saving in paint, (b) be¬ cause a depth of shade comparable with known paints can be- achieved with less colouring material in the paints and (c) because the paints need not and indeed should not con¬ tain ingredients such as fillers and extenders, there is a great saving in expense both from the point of view of man¬ ufacturing costs and amounts of composition required to achieve a desired result. As will be described in more detail later, the principle of application of a two-coat system embodying the invention differs greatly from the application of a conventional solvent-based paint. In the latter case, the basic principle is to prepare a surface to be coated, then obliterate this with a primer and finally obliterate the primer with a top coat. In contrast, in a two-coat system embodying the invention, the undercoat is used only for the purposes of (a) obliteration and (b) com¬ bining its colouring properties with those of the top coat

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to fuse them together to give a single top,colour reflectance, the single top coat giving all of the prop¬ erties in the finished coating of a true gloss.

For certain applications, particularly on metals, leather and plastics material already containing a pigment, a coating composition embodying the invention and capable of providing a gloss coating ^" can be applied as a single coating without the presence of an undercoat to give a bright and high gloss finish with good depth of shade, However, for most applications it is preferred to use the combination of compositions embodying the invention which provide the two-coat system.

The first coating may contain a pigment and this is preferred where good obliteration is required to cover, for example, dark surfaces with a pale shade. However since pigments tend to reduce brightness, the first coating is, where improved brightness is desired, preferably produced by the application of a coating composition capable of providing the undercoat and in which at least a portion of the colouring component is a dyestuff soluble in the aqueous medium. A mixture of a pigment and a dyestuff can be used, and this is particularly preferred when a white colour is desired, in which case titanium dioxide is a preferred pigment. The second coating is provided by applying a coat¬ ing composition embodying the invention which contains a dyestuff and a polymeric binder component in a sufficient amount that the composition is capable of imparting a gloss finish to the coated surface.

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When a dyestuff is used in the first coating this may be the same as that in the second coating, and such i two-coat systems can be used to obtain a particularly bright and high gloss finish with good depth of shade. Alternatively, the dyestuff in the second coating may be different from the dyestuff or other colouring com- ponent in the first coating, in which case a colour sub¬ traction effect can be achieved whereby a second colour is superimposed on a first colour to produce a third. For example by painting a blue top coat over a yellow under¬ coat a bright green colour with high gloss can be obtained. This effect can be achieved because of the transparency of the top, dyestuff-containing, gloss coat.

Alternatively, a mottled effect can be achieved by coating different portions of a surface with different undercoats each containing a different colouring component and thereafter covering.the entire surface with a single top coat.

The dyestuff in a coating composition embodying the invention may itself consist of a mixture of dyes. The dyestuff is, as opposed to pigments used in conventional paints, a colouring component which is soluble in the aqueous medium so that at least some of the dye¬ stuff is dissolved therein. Any remaining dyestuff in the composition should at least be capable of self-migration within the medium.

The solubility of the dyestuff in the aqueous medium is preferably at least 1 g/1 and more preferably at least 10 g/1.

This contrasts greatly with known paint compo¬

sitions in which it ^' is essential tnat tne -component takes

txxe form of insoluDle particles, various carriers and

colloid-forming compounds being added to the paint compo¬

sition to maintain tne powder in suspension in the

composition. " •

m a coating composition embodyingthe invention

(for either the undercoat cr the top coat), most water

soluble dyestuffs (for example, direct and acid dyes),

reactive dyes and modified solvent dyes (.for example those

modified wiτh glycol) may be employed as the colouring

components.

D ¹ ESCRlFl'J-QN OF PREFERRED EMB DJjiENTS

Preferred dyestuffs for use as tne colduring

component in coating compositions embodying the invention

are acid and direct dyes, especially tne premetallized azo

and premetallized antnraquinone dyestuffs, tnis being

oecause they tenα to have high lign fastness.

Typical dyestuffs wnicxx can be employed as the

colouring component in botn first and second coatings in

a two-coat system embodying txxe invention, togetxier with

txieir Colour inαex nomenclature and light fastness numbers

are shown in Table 1, from wnich it can be seen that the

dyestuff may be an optical brightening agent: ^&

Table 1.

Commercial Dyestuff Colour Index Light Fastness Nomenclature No.

Lanasyn Yellow 3GL CI Acid Yellow 111 5

Sandolan Yellow E-2GL C-r Acid Yellow 17 4

Solar Discharge Orange CI Direct Orange 107 6

•3LG

Derma Brown 3G-L 6

Solar Brown 2GL CI Direct Brown 115 3

Solar ^' Brown 2R CI Direct Red 111 2

Lanasyn Red BL CI Acid Red 215 4

Lanasyn Red BLN 3

Lanasyn Bordeaux RL CI Acid Red 217 5

Sandolan Fast Violet CI Acid Violet 47 2 P-3RL

Lanasyn Blue BGL 5

Lanasyn Green 5GL CI Acid Green 80 3

These dyes may be present in a total concentration of 5 g/1 by weight of the total weight of first and second compositions applied to provide respective first and second coatings (5 g/1 in each composition) thereby to impart to the coated surface a finish with a good deep shade, high brightness and high gloss.

The most preferred dyes are, of course, those of high light fastness, and this is a property of many pre- metallized dyes.

A composition for use as an undercoat contains,

as the polymeric binder component, a> synthetic polymeric

latex, for" example a so-called "vinyl acetate copolymer"

(i.e. a co-polymer containing, as one constituent, units

derived from vinyl acetate and, as the other constituent,

units derived from, for example, the vinyl ester

of versatic acid) or a so-called "acrylic copolymer"

in an aqeous medium, generally in an amount of 2:1 latex:

water, the latex being at least solids. The compos-

ition also contains a colouring component (which, as

previously mentioned, is preferably a dyestuff) and usu-

ally contains in addition, a wetting agent (which may be

anionic, e.g. potassium polyphosphate, cationic, e.g.

cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or non-ionic, eg. non-

ylphenol/ethylene oxide condensate), a defoamer (for

example a fatty acid ester, fatty acid metal soap or

silicone derivative), a coalescing aid (for example

en ester of a long-chain alcohol, e.g. Texanol - a C

alcohol ester produced by Eastman Chemical Products Ltd. )

and a flow property improver (for example, propylene glycol).

The top, gloss-producing, coat differs from

the undercoat in that (i) the absence of a pigment is

essential, (ii) the presence of a dyestuff is essential,

and (iii) it contains an amount of synthetic polymeric

5 binder sufficient to provide a gloss. In general it

is found that a proportional amount by weight of the

polymeric binder component and water of at least

3: latex:water (the latex being at least 0 solids)

is required to provide an acceptable gloss.

0 Gloss can be measured using a gloss meter

which compares the- amount of light reflected from

a beam directed onto the coated surface at a given angle

of incidence of the light beam (known as the "head")

as compared with the amount reflected by a polished

5 black glass plate for the same beam and angle"of incid¬

ence. This gives a value at that angle of incidence

expressed in percentage terms and known as "specular

gloss".

An acceptable gloss is one giving a specular

0 gloss reading of at least 70 when measured on a

Gardner gloss meter at a head of 45 . A conventional

water-based emulsion paint gives a reading of about

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Two-coat systems embodying the invention will

now be described in more detail with reference to

Table 2 showing specific Examples in which an undercoat

provides the desired opacity and a top coat provides

the desired gloss.

TABLE 2

The Colour Index nomenclature for each of the

dyestuffs given in Table 2 is as follows-

Sandolan Rubinole E3GPL CI Acid Red 57(an acid levelling dye)

Drimarine Black ZBL CI Reactive Black (a reactive dye)

Sandolan Yellow E-2GL CI Acid Yellow 17 (an acid pyrazolone dye)

Lanasyn Blue BGL CI Acid Blue 250 (a premet¬ allized acid dye.)

Derma Brown 3G-L CI Acid Brown 303 (an acid dye)

Leucopher BLR is an optical brightener.

In the description of the preparation of the

compositions of Table 2 given below, all amounts are

expressed in terms of parts by weight.

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The undercoats in Examples 1 - 6 are obtained

by coating compositions each prepared by admixture of

two component mixtures Λ nnd 3. i

' Comnonent A consists of:-

Water 205

Calgon 4.1

Defoamer 1512M- 1.0

Texanol 5.0

Propylene glycol 20.0

Titanium dioxide 275.5

Component B consists of:-

Emuϊtex 53ό 486

_ 880 ammonia 2

Natrasol 16

The composition is prepared by adding Component

B slowly to Component A with stirring.

In the above composition,

Calgon is commercial potassium polyphosphate

employed as a v/etting agent and a dispersing agent for

the pigment,

Defoamer 1512M is a commercial hydrophobic

silica (dispersed in a hydrocarbon oil) produced by

Hercules and employed as a defoa ing agent;

Texanol is a commercial ester of a Z - alcohol

^' i produced by Eastman Chemical Products Ltd. and employed

as a coalescing aid; ^• -

Emultex VV536 is a commercial "vinyl acetate

copolymer" latex consisting of a fine particle size

emulsion of vinyl acetate copolymerized with

"Veova 10" (a commercial vinyl ester of versatic acid)

Natrasol is a commercial hydroxyethyl cellulose

For the undercoat of Examples 10 and 11,

0.1% and 0.5% respectively of the titanium dioxide was

replaced by the corresponding amount of the indicated

dyestuff.

For the undercoat of Examples 7 - 9 and

12 - 14, no titanium dioxide was included and the amounts

of dyestuffs employed were such as to provide the

percentage amounts shown in the Table.

The top coating providing the gloss in

Examples 1 - 14 were obtained by coating compositions

each prepared by, firstly mixing each of the folϊwing:

Emultex W 36 50

Water 50

Texacryl 4

Continued/..

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Propylene glycol 2

Ammonia : ■ 1.5

Texanol 1.5

Formaldehyde* ^" 1.5 Sodium Benzoate 1

The dyestuff is then added in the amount shown

in Table 2. In the above composition, Texacryl is a

commercial emulsion chelating compound,the formaldehyde

is employed as a preservative and fungicide and the sodium

benzoate as a rust-inhibiting agent to prevent "in-rcan ^*1

rusting.

_ In each of the Examples, the amounts of dyestuff

employed was well below the saturation level.

For example, the dyestuff in Examples 1 - 2

and 2 - 3 were soluble to 4% and 2% respectively in the

gloss composition, these amounts be±g muchhLgher than those

used as shown in Table 2.

Similarly, the dyestuff of Example 7 was soluble in the undercoat composition to 2%, that of

Example 8 to 10% and that of Examples 12 - 14 to 6%.

Each of the above two-coat systems gave a

finish having a high gloss with a good deep shade and

high brightness.

For all of the coatings given in the Exaπiples,

the specular gloss, when measured on a Gardner gloss

meter at a 45 head, was higher than 70%, this represent- _.

ing a "true" gloss, as compared with values of about

40% obtained for conventional water-based paints.

For example, the coating of Example 4 gave a

specular gloss reading of 84%.

In general the gloss was slightly reduced on

incorporating more dyestuff and, for example, the coating

of Example 3 which contained only half the amount of

the same dyestuff as Example 4 gave a specular gloss of

83%.

Similarly, the respective specular gloss values

obtained for the coatings of each of Examples _, 5 and 6

were 84%aid 83% the former coating containing less of

the same dyestuff than the latter.

The coating of Example 7 in which 0.5% of the

dyestuff was present as the sole colouring component of

the undercoat and 0.5% was present in the gloss coat,

gave a slightly reduced, though, of course, still very-

acceptable specular value, of 78%, but showed particularly

excellent brightness as did all of Examples 7 - 14 in

which the undercoat contained a dyestuff.

The two-coat system of Example 11 ^* gave a

particularly excellent white gloss having extremely

high brightness and a specular gloss of 83% while ^"

that of Example 10 (which contained only 0.1% W/V of

the total volume of the two compositions applied)

gave a sufficienly acceptable brightness with an even

higher specular gloss (86%).

Similar good results can be obtained by replac¬

ing the optical brigthening agent of Examples 10 and 11

with a trace of a blue dyestuff insufficient to give a

blue colouring, but sufficient to give a brightening

effect, for example the dyestuff of Example 1.

The ^' two-caot systems of Examples 8 and 9 each

gave a good solid black colour with high gloss, and

brightness, this being particularly difficult to achieve

with known paints.

Good results were also obtained when replacing

the abovementioned undercoat composition containing a

vinyl acetate copolymer with one containing an acrylic

copolymer, the ccmpor ts A and B then being as follows (parts are by weight):-

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Component A

Water 360

Carboxymethyl cellulose 5

Ammonia 1.6

Calgon 2.5

Titanium dioxide 215.

Component B

Revacryl 1 ^' A 275

Ethylene glycol 40

Texacryl 13-301 10

Formaldehyde 1

In the above composition Revacryl IA is a

commerical medium particle size colloid-stabilized acrylic

copolymer emulsion and Texacryl 13-301 is a commerical

aqueous emulsion of a carboxylated acrylic copolymer

produced by Scott Bader Co.

The acrylic copolymer undercoat gives part¬

icularly good adhesion properties, both to the substrate

to be coated, especially to wood (which may be moist), this good and to the top coatjέtdhesion. to the top coat provides particularly good scrubbability.

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The top coat need not itself be/ah acrylic

copolymer, good scrubbability being obtained for

example, when coating an acrylic•copolymer undercoat

with a vinyl acetate copolymer top coat.

The combination of coating compositions

embodying the invention provides a two-coat system ^•

havingπany advantages over a conventional two-coat

system provided by an alkyd gloss paint.

In particular, two-coat systems produced by

combinations of coating compositions embodying the in¬

vention, do not contain organic solvents so that toxic

or inflammable fumes are not released on coating and

nor are the coatings susceptible to yellowing with age

or staining with tobacco this being the case even for

very pale colours. They have a long shelf life and after

coating retain their gloss over a long period of time,

they are resistant to alkali salts and provide good film

coverage -without difficulties being encountered in their

application. They have good adhesion properties this

rendering the recoating of previously coated suτfeces

more efficient.

The application of a two-coat system using

a combination of composition- embodying the invention

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enables the production of a finish which has

excellent properties and which is far superior to

that obtained using conventional water-based paints

in the following .respects, . ^*

(a) A far superior gloss can be attained.

(b) A higher brightness can be attained (by

_.__ eliminating the pigment ^' at least in the top

coat, the pigment tending to cause dulling).

(c) A drastic saving in expense can be achieved,

this being due to the following reasons,

(i) because of the requirement, in most cases, of only one top coat as previ¬ ously described,

- . (ϋ) because of the smaller quantities of colouring component required (see also

(d) below) and .iii) because of the elimination of the require¬ ment for extenders and fillers and sub¬ stances required to prevent the colouring component from settling; the dyestuff employed in a composition embodying the invention is in solution and is thus self-migrating and needs no substances to prevent it from settling.

(d) A depth of shade can be obtained which is

comparable with or even superior to that

reached when using a conventional water-based

paint containing a pigment, this result being

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achieved by using only half of, or even less

than half of, the amount of colouring preseαt

in a conventional paint. This result is

possible because the use of a dyestuff (instead

5 of a pigment) in the top gloss coat renders it

sufficiently transparent to enable the colour

. in the undercoat beneath it to contribute to

the overall depth of shade (in--.contrast, when

using a conventional pigment-containing emulsion

10 paint only the top coating contributes signif¬

icantly to the overall depth of shade); for

example a depth of shade using say, as much

- _v from 2-5% W V of pigment can be achieved using

only 0.5% W/V of dyestuff - in other words,

15 by applying to a given surface area a two-

coat system embodying the invention using, say

1 litre of undercoating composition and 1

litre of top coating composition each

containing 0.5% W/V i.e. a total volume of

20 2 litres of composition containing 0.5% W/V

of dyestuff, then a depth of shade can be

achieved which is comparable or even superior

to that achieved by applying to the same

surface area 2 litres of a conventional

emulsion paint containing from as much as

2-5% W/V .of pigment.

(e) Better recoating properties are exhibited.

Thus, it- is easier to obtain good results'by

' coating over previously painted surfaces,

this being due to the better adhesion achieved

by the higba-proportion of polymeric binder

material employed, especially in the gloss.

(f) They have better film build-up properties than

conventional water-based paints.

_r (g) Because of the absence of pigment in the top -

coat, they have better flow properties, and no

chalking will occur- on weathering.

(h) It is possible to obtain deeper and stronger

r ^' - ^■ . colours, for example a good black colour can

be produced,

(i) They show better light fastness, i.e. lack of

fade over a period of time.

(j) They have a lower film- orming temperature and

coalesce at 5 C; conventional paints will not

coalesce at such low temperatures unless v- -

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special solvents are included in the composi¬

tions,

(k) A colour subtraction effect can be obtained

as previously described, this again being due

to the transparency of the top coating.

Thus, many more colour permutations are available

(1) A multi-coloured, for example, mottled, effect

can additionally be obtained by providing

different portions of a surface each with a

respective different undercoat containing a

different colour and thereafter coating the

entire surface with a single top gloss coat.

( ^• ___) It is found that even when no pigment is

present in either coating of a two-coating

system embodying the Invention, i~.e. only

dyestuffs are present, this still retains an

opacity comparable with coatings of known

pigment-containing paints,

(n) Compositions embodying the invention can be

applied in a much wider variety of ways than

convention water-based paints. Thus they can

be applied by spraying (in contrast to known

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water-based paints), rolling or brushing

(it being possible to apply paints using

much larger brushes than for conventional

water-based paints which are not readily

brushed and levelled out when using large brushes),

(o) They can be formulated so as to provide good

weatherproofing properties.

(p) They have a much wider range of application

uses.

Thus, as illustrated in more detail below

two-coat systems embodying the invention can be applied .

to any surface, for example, wood, aluminium, paper,

leather, textile fabrics (e.g. as curtain coatings).

In particular, for decorative purposes they may

be applied to wood, plaster, brick, concrete and pebble-

dah. When coating such surfaces, they exhibit good

flow properties and high gloss, high weather and high

light fastness and are of a pleasing general appearance,

it being possible to produce both level colours

and the special effects previously mentioned.

They are also capable of industrial application

and in particular they may be sprayed onto steel work

or flooring. The receiving surfaces may be primed or

umprimed. They exhibit good adhesion, corrosion and

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Further substrates to which coating

compositions embodying the invention can be applied

are as follows:-

Bright aluminium

It is particularly preferred to coat such a

substrate with a single coating of a composition cap¬

able of ^' producing a gloss. Such a gloss coating may be

applied to an un-treated substrate or to a flash or

anodised surface. The composition is particularly

suitable for painting of, for example, hollow ware or

ladders.

Paper

As a first alternative, this may be coated by

"on machine coating" using a two-coat system, the first

coat being applied in a size tank followed by a knife

coated top coat. The particular advantage of such a

coating is the possible production of particularly

dark shades. The weight ^* of coating needs to be varied

in accordance with the physical properties of the paper

stock. As another alternative a top coat only can be

applied to artistic papers and boards to provide a

good gloss finish which can readily receive a printing

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Ink- or, alternatively, which can itself provide part- i icularly dark shades. Paint compositions applied to

paper should be of relatively low viscosity.

Leather

The constitution of the composition should

be adjusted in dependence of the type of leather as

follows

(a) chrome leather - this can be coated with a

top coat only, which top coat exhibits good

flow properties and produces a- good finish

having a gloss and scruff resistance. ^•

'(b) Inferior leather - this can be provided with a

good gloss finish of deep shade with one or

more gloss coatings only. " -

(c) Refinished leather - a composition providing

a gloss may be applied as an aerosol to give

a coating with good adhesion properties.

Further applications of compositions embodying

the invention are to textile fabrics (e.g. as curtain

coatings) and for renovation of faded architectural

panels, particularly of aluminium.

Of all the surface materials previously mentioned,

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particularly excellent results are obtained when

coating on wood or aluminium.

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