COMPLEX EDIFICE WITH CULTURAL, ADMINISTRATIVE, POLITICAL AND/OR MILITARY CHARACTER

The invention relates to an edifice meant to allow the simultaneous carrying on of multiple main complex national or international activities that are similar, related or completely independent and having a cultural, administrative, political and/or military character depending on some requirements imposed permanently or only at a given moment.

There are known various edifices or large unitary architectonic assemblies that are intended to allow therein the existence and the carrying on of some complex mainly national but also international functions and activities, respectively, and having a cultural, administrative, political and/or military character, or simply, edifices that may serve both as dwellings and simultaneously as large commercial centres, as spaces for carrying on cultural, recreation activities etc.

Generally, such complex edifices, or in other words, unitary architectonic edifices are provided with separate entrances for each function or activity they accommodate, as these shall not mutually disturb one another during their carrying on. For example, they are provided with an entrance or with more entrances for a subassembly of dwelling places and with one or more entrances destined to a subassembly of stores, bars, restaurants etc. Also, they are usually provided with some additions, for example basements allowing or even ensuring the independence with respect to the utilities, such as hot water, cold water, provisioning of various merchandise, materials, repair services, fire extinguishing etc. Such additions have in their turn separate entrances depending on the size of said edifice.

Thus, there is known a complex edifice provided with more floors but also partially located at the subsoil, mainly destined to sea - side regions, said edifice unitarily joining two distinct subassemblies with a habitat with specific marine character common to both subassemblies (US patent 5,603, 189). The two distinct assemblies are: a subassembly containing dwelling spaces and an educational subassembly comprising more halls containing various exhibits. The building is made so that the dwelling units of the subassembly containing the dwelling spaces are separated from the halls displaying the exhibits of the educational subassembly by some glass walls forming aquaria therebetween. The entrances to the two subassemblies are different, so that the lodgers shall not be disturbed by the visitors and the visitors shall not be disturbed by the lodgers.

There is also known an edifice structure including a polygon-shaped central core wherefrom more identical multi-storeyed dwelling buildings (US patent 4,434,595) extend radially like the wheel spokes. Both the side walls of the radial buildings and the peripheral surface coating this edifice are made of glass. Thus, there is provided a corresponding diurnal lighting of all habitable spaces, and in the regions between the radial constructions, or in other words, in the inner yards formed this way there can be provided an optimal microclimate. The building may have annular, polygonal or elongate shape depending on the desire of the future lodgers or of those who will exploit it. Each of the radial buildings is provided with a separate entrance extending radially towards the polygon-shaped central core. Once in the central region, any person may get into any one of the radial buildings by using the covered polygon- shaped inner yard or a corridor common to all the radial buildings.

Finally, there is well known the building named Pentagon, accommodating the Ministry of War of the United States, that is located in the proximity of the US capital, Washington. This building is said to have figure 5 as the basis, since it has a pentagon shape at the outer side and consists of 5 successive five-storeyed pentagonal bodies, one located in the inner yard of the other one. The 5 pentagon-shaped bodies include in fact 17 different buildings joined harmoniously. We have not included here the mezzanine floor and the basements. Furthermore, the central region comprises an inner yard having a 5-acre area. Despite its huge surface area, the whole building can be passed through rapidly as it is crossed by 10 radial corridors. Due to the adopted solution and to the idea lying at the basis thereof, a polygon-shaped building cannot be completely separated from another polygon-shaped building, and neither can the wings of a polygon-shaped building be completely separated from the wings of the adjacent buildings, for the case when it would be necessary to completely separate the activities carried on inside a body, either temporarily or permanently and whenever possible to completely separate the visitors' flow from the office workers' flow.

By analyzing each of the three buildings presented so far it can be ascertained that they neither permit to obtain adequate spaces to be used for simultaneously carrying on a plurality of main independent complex national or international activities with cultural, administrative, political and/or military character, nor do they permit a complete separation of these main independent activities from one another,, temporarily or permanently.

The technical problem solved by the invention consequently consists in building a complex edifice, or in other words, a unitary architectonic assembly allowing the

carrying on therein of more main activities that are similar, related or completely independent, with national or/and international character, irrespective of their nature - administrative, cultural, military or/and political etc - there being provided at the same time all the conditions relating to the space and circulation flow that are necessary for separating the festive and/or protocol activities that are carried on within the main activities from the related activities in connection with the office workers' duty, guard, security, utility supply, accommodation, food, recreation, treatment etc, necessary in their turn for carrying on the main activities, each of the main activities as well as the related ones being carried on in the spaces or edifice segments that can communicate to one another or can be completely separated, ad hoc, both vertically and horizontally, depending on the necessities imposed at a given moment.

The edifice claimed by the invention eliminates the disadvantages mentioned before and solves the proposed technical problem by that it consists of an assembly of buildings with independent foundation and strength structure, but unitary from an architectonic viewpoint, said assembly being carried out in an integral construction, with the buildings arranged so as to have in assembly the shape of a triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon, circle, oval etc, but which allows it to be symmetrical to at least one median, preferably transverse line, and possibly, from one case to the other, to a longitudinal line perpendicular to the first one. The edifice buildings are separated from one another by expansion and settlement joints sufficiently large to permit a free and independent oscillation on their whole adjacent surface and at the value of the degree of security established for the whole assembly. Said buildings intercommunicate not only through ordinary passage places of suitable sizes but also through very large openings that allow to obtain common spaces having the dimensions necessary for carrying on a certain activity with festive or protocol character, and also through passage channels for any kind of utilities such as electric power, water, gas, electric and electronic safety and communication systems etc. On the vertical, the assembly consists of at least two registers, of which a basic one provided with one or more floors, with main entrances and, where appropriate, with monumental interior access stairs and with halls for carrying on therein all the festive, protocol activities, receptions, exhibitions etc, belonging to central national and international institutions.

The other secondary registers are located above the first register and consist of one or more floors provided with rooms for the carrying on of activities related to the main activities taking place in the first register by the office workers. On its median line, in the so-called interior yard, the assembly may possibly be provided with one or more

buildings made according to the same constructive principles and having the same functional purpose as the buildings constituting the mentioned registers. On either side of this median assembly of buildings there may be provided relaxation means such as greenhouses or interior gardens.

In order to perform all the related activities necessary for upholding the main activities, the unitary assembly of buildings is provided with a basement developing on one or more levels and in one or more directions. The access to the basement is ensured by some underground access ways located tangentially to its outer contour and/or optionally through access platforms, differentiated depending on the functions, which communicate directly with the basement and are located in front of any side of the edifice. Inside the basic register, the ground floor and possibly another /other floor(s) are provided with a closed interior circulation ring mainly consisting of galleries and their lounges, exhibition halls, reception halls as well as the lounges of the possible monumental stairs located at said level. Centrally, at the intersection of the axis of symmetry of each faςade with the inner circulation ring there are provided the main entrances in the building and the possible interior monumental stairs, serving the basic register wherein the main activities take place, if the basic register is disposed on more levels. At the same time, where appropriate, the main inner ring is completed with a similar circulation passage way located on the edifice median line.

In order to provide a fluent flow on the vertical, for relieving the circulation on the inner ring and for separating the visitors' flow and the flow of the office workers serving the building , the unitary integral assembly of buildings is further provided on its outer side, and preferably to corners thereof, in case it has a polygon shape, with some adjacent buildings accommodating therein the stairs and the elevators for the access on the height of the whole building, from the basement to the last floor, as well as with rooms with sanitary, service destination or any other destination, necessary for complying with the basic hygiene and health norms o said level and also with offices for the office workers serving the main activities carried on in said side. Inside the adjacent buildings ensuring the circulation on the vertical of the personnel or of possible visitors, there are provided passage ways for connecting with the inner circulation ring/rings.

In order to ensure the possibilities of carrying out one/some activities of independent character or of other nature, on any of the sides of the unitary assembly of buildings, inside the adjacent bodies that allow the access on the vertical there are located access doors and by closing them there is achieved a complete separation on the horizontal and consequently on the vertical of the whole edifice segment wherein

said activity is carried on.

By building an edifice claimed by the invention, the following main advantages are obtained:

- when required by the conditions necessary for performing a certain activity, it is possible to perform the ad-hoc fragmentation of spaces and rooms required for carrying on said activity, and the complete separation of said edifice fragment from the remainder of the edifice, both on the vertical and on the horizontal;

- it is possible to separate the spaces for carrying on festive or protocol activities from the spaces where the office workers perform their duty for any one of the main activities extant on said edifice side;

- it is possible to obtain large or very large open spaces consisting of fragments of spaces comprised in the adjoining buildings;

- in case of need, it is possible the rapid circulation of the persons from any point of the edifice to any other point thereof, fact that leads to a more increased safety of the personnel inside the edifice in case of natural or artificial catastrophic events such as earthquakes.

There is given hereinafter an embodiment of the invention in connection with the figures 1 to 22 which represent:

- Figure 1 , photographic assembly view of the edifice claimed by the invention;

- Figure 2, photographic view presenting the front side - Lfr- of the edifice, with the access way and the receiving platform Con-1 , related thereto;

- Figure 3, front view of the left side - Lst- of the edifice claimed by the invention;

- Figure 4, photographic view presenting the left side - Lst - of the edifice with the access way and the receiving platform Con-2, related thereto;

- Figure 5, front view of the right side - Ldr- of the edifice claimed by the invention;

- Figure 6, photographic view of the right side of the edifice, with the access ways and the two receiving platforms - at the 9 m elevation and at 0 m elevation, Con- 3-related thereto;

- Figure 7, front view of the rear side - Lsp - of the edifice claimed by the invention;

- Figure 8, photographic view of the rear side - Lsp - of the edifice;

- Figure 9, photograph presenting an underground access way to the edifice basement, more exactly the access way located under the main front fagade of the edifice claimed by the invention;

- Figure 10, photograph presenting an inner expansion- settlement joint a, located on a passage way;

- Figure 11 , photograph presenting an external expansion- settlement joint a;

- Figure 12, photograph presenting an inner separating door located on the main circulation ring Ip, provided at the ground floor of register R1;

- Figure 13, photograph presenting the monumental stairs uniting the four levels of the register R1 on the front side Lfr;

- Figure 14, photograph presenting the backstairs serving both the basement and all the three registers;

- Figure 15, photograph presenting a passage way going through more buildings of the assembly, said buildings being arranged on one of the sides;

- Figure 16, sketch presenting the in-plane arrangement of the buildings constituting the register R1 of the edifice and the organization of the circulation flow through the buildings B1 , B2, B3, B4;

- Figure 17, sketch presenting the in-plane arrangement of the buildings constituting the U-shaped floors 2 to 5 of the register R2 and those of register R3 of the edifice;

- Figure 18, photographic view of the receiving platform Con-3 and of the 9 m elevation of the basement on the right side Ldr;

- Figure 19, sketch according to Figure 16 also including the illustration in a figurative way of the receiving platforms;

- Figure 20, sketch according to Figure 18, additionally illustrating, in a figurative way, the circulation ring I and the median circulation passage way along the axis AP;

- Figure 21, sketch illustrating schematically the arrangement of the floor 1 of the register R2;

- Figure 22, sketch presenting construction and the arrangement of the adjacent bodies B1 - B4.

According to the invention, the edifice meant for simultaneously carrying on more main complex national or international activities that are similar, related or completely independent and having a cultural, administrative, political and/or military character depending on some requirements imposed permanently or only at a given moment, within a concrete embodiment of the invention, comprises two main parts, namely, an above-ground part R consisting of more distinct superposed registers located above the

zero elevation of the ground and a basement S located under the zero elevation of the ground, namely, in the present case, up to the elevation of -15 m.

In the present case, the above-ground part consists of three registers denoted by register R1, register R2 and register R3, respectively, each of them corresponding to some distinct functional zones. On the whole, the edifice consists of an assembly of 23 buildings arranged in one piece in a rectangularly shaped construction, provided with two inner yards that may be covered or not, as it can be seen further on. The main purpose pursued by this configuration was that of creating the possibility of cohabitation, inside the edifice, of a number of four different institutions, lnst-1, lnst-2, Inst-3, lnst-4, each of them developing on one of the four sides of the edifice and each of them having thus an activity distinct from the activity of the other three, with an own leadership and organization. Each institution has a main entrance and more secondary entrances at the ground floor level and at the same time each side of the edifice and consequently, each institution is provided with an own receiving platform Con-1, Con-2, Con-3, Con-4, fact that emphasizes once more the independence of each institution within the edifice. We underline from the beginning that this is a concrete particular embodiment of the edifice claimed by the present invention and it corresponds to some concrete conditions imposed both by the design theme and by the ground configuration. Whenever necessary, we shall also treat the general case which, as a matter of fact, is the subject-matter of the claims. From one case to the other, the number of buildings forming the assembly, the number of registers, the number of floors on each register, the dimensions, the architecture etc can vary, but complying with the elements of novelty and inventive step introduced by the claims, elements that respond to the technical problem solved by the invention and which will be pointed out by us in the course of the description. It is obvious that, if it is desired to build an edifice for the cohabitation of three, five or other number of institutions, then this edifice will have to comprise 3, 5 or other number of sides. Also, as it can be seen further on, this edifice can have a round, oval shape etc. For more clearness of the present description, the four sides of the edifice were denoted as follows:

- Lfr - front side;

- Lst - left side;

- Ldr - right side;

- Lsp - rear side.

All spaces related to the building are modular both on the horizontal and on the vertical or, in other words, they are included in a virtual network with the dimensions of

6 x 6 x 6 m, the network being locally modified from case to case with multiples starting from the value of 6 m or possibly with a submultiple of this value. For example, some levels are 6 m high and others are 4.5 m high. This simple fact allows, in the first place, an optimum use of the whole built volume related to the edifice, and in the second place, allowed an increase of the architectonic value of the assembly, the aesthetic effect obtained being completely different and at the same time amplified by the fact that the whole assembly is symmetrical to its median axis AP, or in other words, transverse and perpendicular to the front side Lfr.

The division of the horizontal surface of the edifice into squares starts from its geometric centre placed inside an imaginary 6 x 6 m square, said square in its turn being at the intersection of the two diagonals of the rectangle. Obviously, this point is located on a straight line resulting from the intersection of the building transverse plane extant on the axis AP with its longitudinal plane extant on the axis LL.

Some details of carrying out the construction can depend on the ground shape.

For example in the present case the whole edifice is located on an asymmetrical promontory due to which the basement elevation S on its left side, Ls, corresponds to the access level from the street of the right side Ldr.

The first register R1 is provided with four levels, the ground floor and three floors located above the zero elevation of the ground.

Above three sides of this edifice there is located a second five-storey register R2 whose shape is consequently that of the letter U with the bottom arranged along the front side, Lfr. Finally, partially above the bottom side of register R2, consequently along the front side, there is located the third three-storey register R3.

The construction and the architectural details belonging to the three registers are located symmetrically relative to the transverse axis AP. By this symmetry, the construction has the aspect of a palace, that is imposing and majestic at the same time. It is obvious that, if the two registers R2 and R3 are built on any one of the four sides of the edifice, then this will also be symmetrical relative to its longitudinal axis L-L. The single condition imposed is that the adopted architectonic style and the register height should remain the same along all fagades. Along each fagade the number of registers as well as the number of floors constituting the register may be different, thereby each side becoming distinct.

Between the 23 buildings forming a unitary one-piece assembly there exist some expansion - settlement joints a extending on the whole surface adjacent to the constructions. Though normally these joints are masked adequately, at a more attentive

sight they can still be noticed both at the edifice inner side, as shown in Figure 10, and at the outer side thereof, as shown in Figure 11.

The intended purpose is to allow the buildings to have a free and independent oscillation on the whole adjacent surface and at the value of the degree of security established for the whole assembly. The said buildings intercommunicate both through common passage places of suitable sizes and also through wide openings allowing to obtain common spaces of the sizes required for carrying on certain activities with festive or protocol character, for example performance, conference, exhibition halls etc, and also through passage channels for utilities of any kind, such as electric power, water, gases, electric and electronic safety and communication systems etc.

We mentioned before that the edifice is provided with an inner yard. In the present case this yard is fractioned into two parts through a central building D1, placed along the axis of symmetry AP formed by the buildings C1, C4, D1, E2, E1. On either side of the building D1 there are placed two gardens D2 and D4. Obviously, there can be provided any other means of recreation. The median axis of the building will consequently consist of the buildings C1 , being located on the front side, followed by the buildings C4 and then D1, whose geometric centre coincides with the geometric centre in the plane of the whole construction E2 and finally E1 located on the rear side of the edifice.

By the technical problem it was also requested that the edifice should provide all the conditions relating to the space and circulation flow that are necessary for separating the festive and/or protocol activities that are carried on within the main activities - from the related activities concerning the office workers' duty, guard, security, the utility supply, accommodation, food, recreation, treatment etc, necessary in their turn for carrying on the main activities. In addition, it is necessary that each of the main activities as well as the related ones could be performed in spaces or segments of the edifice that can be interconnected or can be completely separated, ad-hoc, both on the vertical and on the horizontal, depending on the necessities imposed at a given moment, for example, on the occasion of some events or permanently.

In an edifice wherein there are carried on important activities with national or international character, the festive and protocol activities related to the main activities, shall, as a rule, be carried on at the lower levels, and the other activities, mainly the ones related to the office workers' duty, also related to the main activities, shall be carried on at the higher levels where, as a rule, the visitors ' access is not permitted.

In the present case, the register R1 is meant for and specially built for

accommodating therein festive and/or protocol activities of any nature and any proportions. To this end, it is provided with monumental and representative spaces, halls with large openings, having special finishing (marble, granite, wood), meeting halls, main cabinets provided with a series of related spaces, monumental galleries, stairs serving only the four levels of the register as well as large lounges. As a specific element within the register R1 there exists a major circulation ring around the ground floor I, consisting of lounges and galleries serving more salons, cabinets and halls. Similar rings are also located at other floors. The access to the register R1 floors can be made through the central monumental stairs and the related elevators. The central monumental stairs are placed at the intersection of each main entrance with the inner circulation ring I. It should be mentioned that on the median axis AP of the edifice there is also created a circulation ring intersecting the ring I and allowing the rapid passing through the whole construction, from the building C1 to the building E1.

The circulation of any person on the ring I and on the other rings, respectively, may be stopped by closing some sliding/ non-sliding doors 1 placed at each change of direction, thereby creating in the present case, the four zones with independent functions necessary for the independent functioning of lns-1, lnst-2, lnst-3, lnst-4 mentioned before.

Register R2 placed above register R1 comprises the office workers' offices and normally it is not accessible to the public. In the present case, as we have already mentioned it is only located above three of the sides of register R1 , its open side being located to the rear side of the edifice. Above the free side of the register R1 a terrace accessible from the register R2 may be placed.

Register R3 occupies the central part of register R2 it has three levels and has protocol spaces similar to the ones in the register R1, for special guests. The access is possible here by means of special protocol elevators placed in body C4 and which stop only at the level of this register. Above the free side of the register R2 there is also located a terrace which opens a wide view along the axis AP of the edifice and also of the surrounding landscape. The access to this terrace is possible from the register R3.

Finally, the connection on the vertical between the three registers is mainly ensured by means of some adjacent bodies B1, B2, B3, B4 located at the edifice corners, outside the annular circulation flow. More exactly, from the inner circulation rings by means of some passage ways located inside these adjacent bodies, it is possible to get to some access elevators and stairs serving both the basement and the three registers. The four adjacent bodies are located towards the outer side of the

construction, to the extension of the line bisecting the angle formed by the two adjacent sides. At the ground floor, the adjacent bodies are provided with entrances for the office workers (figure 22) and in the points of communication with the adjacent buildings located on the other sides there are provided doors that may be blocked, the closing of said doors can hinder the circulation between the two sides (Figure 22).

The solution permits thus a total separation of the office workers' flow from the visitors and guests' flow. These bodies also have rooms with sanitary, service destination or with any other destination required for ensuring the basic hygiene and health norms in said assembly, and also offices for the office workers' performing the functions extant on said side.

It stands to reason that this solution with adjacent bodies for serving the circulation on the vertical between registers can be used irrespective of the number of sides of the polygon formed by the edifice. This may also be used in case the edifice has a round or oval shape. In the first case, theoretically, the adjacent bodies are located to the extension of the circle radius, and in the second case, on the perpendicular to the surface in a certain point of said oval.