Background of the invention It is known, that friction caused by relative movement of contacting bodies results in abrasion of the details which form pairs of friction. The abrasion is considered as a process of destruction and separation of material from a solid body surface and (or) accumulation of residual deformation of the solid body in the process of abrasion, which leads to gradual change of its sizes and (or) a shape. The quantitative characteristics of abrasion is a wear, which can be valued, for example, according to detail mass losses, decrease of detail geometrical parameters, rise of gaps in abrasion pairs, etc. during the operation.

The basic tribological characteristics (a wear rate and a friction coefficient kf) depend on a physical-chemical state of contacting materials and their operation conditions. At present the machine industry has all possibilities to control formation of a surface layer. The strengthening of a detail surface layer accompanied with improvement of surface roughness parameters, increase of strength and wear resistance ensures the given resource in the units (for example, abrasion ones) or even its magnification.

The general method of grasping wear decrease is creation of stable strong defensive films of the secondary patterns on the basis of interaction of solid components for lubricant oils.

One of the perspective directions is usage of natural minerals or a mixture of natural minerals belonging to a series of laminated silicates as a solid admixture.

It is known that there are not less than eight patents, in which serpentines are used as a solid component for the composition for treating friction surfaces with the purpose to modify friction surfaces of friction units [ (1) specification statement to the patent of Russian Federation No. 2001323, dated 06. 04. 92, Int. cl.. F 16 C 33/14 ; (2) specification statement to the patent of Russian Federation No. 2057257, dated 27. 01. 94,. Int. cl. F 16 C 33/14 ; (3) specification statement to the patent of Russian Federation No. 2035636, dated 07. 07. 93,. Int. cl F 16 C 33/14 ; (4) specification statement to the patent of Russian Federation No. 2006707, dated 03. 07. 92,. Int. cl F 16 C 33/14 ; (5) specification statement to the patent of Russian Federation No. 2059121, dated 03. 10. 93, Int. cl. F 16 C 33/14 ; (6) specification statement to the patent of Russian Federation No. 2006708, dated 22. 12. 92, Int. cl. C 10 M 125/10 ; (7) specification statement to the patent of Russian Federation No. 2135638, dated 26. 11. 98, Int. cl. C 10 M 125/10 ; (8) specification statement to the patent of Ukraine No. 24442, dated 22. 04. 97, Int. cl.

C 23 C 26/00, C 10 M 125/40]. Generalizing the essence of the specification statements of the inventions and claims, one could say, that the patents (1)- (6) are referred, according to the authors'opinion, to"Methods of forming servo-films on friction surfaces". They include such operations, as preliminary mechanical activation of a mixture of like abrasive powder with an organic connecting, its arrangement between friction surfaces and grinding in the friction surfaces. The usage of serpentine in the combination with different components is common for the engineering solutions mentioned above. Thus, the substance of the inventions, which has the title"A method...", consists in usage of different mixtures with obligatory inclusion of any serpentine. According to the specification statements analysis of the inventions (1)- (7), they have the following fact in common : usage of a natural mineral powder such as serpentine as a solid component for technological organic environment ensures some modification of friction surfaces, that results in increasing wear resistance and improving some technological characteristics of friction pairs. However, the substance of the modification, their nature and mechanism are not disclosed in any specification statement.

So, in the specification statement to the patent (1) it is reported about decrease of wear approximately in 10 times, comparing with usage of clean lubrication without any solid component. In (2) the coating is considered as"a mixture of minerals and connecting", that is the speech goes about lubricating composition with a solid component, and the result was determined by means of"scratching by a chisel with a welding made of a hard alloy". In (3) and (4) the compositions are proposed, but there are not any results of their usage. In the patents (5) and (6) the natural serpentine is mixed with technological environment called connecting, in an amount of 0, 5-40 mass %. The result has been marked in one case as 3 % increase of an efficiency coefficient of a reduction gearbox and in the other-as"formation of a servo-film with a thickness up to 0, 3 microns", that allowed to offer a method of worn surface repair and deposition of"a superstrong servo-film on contacting and rubbing surfaces of new goods." Approximately the same approach is seen in description of the obtained results in the specification statements to the patents (7) and (8). The title"Solid-film lubrication composition for metal friction units"would more correspond to all these patents. Such title would reflect the essence of the patents mentioned above, because, in fact, the specification statements to the patents from (1) to (8) propose different compositions of solid additives for lubrication oils.

However, the proposed engineering solutions don't give principally new results, comparing both with preceding engineering solutions, and with each other. Moreover, there are cases when usage of a solid component based on serpentines does not give any positive result.

Vice-versa, one can observe a considerable wear of a friction unite not only in the initial period, but at its further exploitation with the mentioned additives for technological environment.

According to the predestination, engineering essence and expected results, the solution closest to the proposed one is a composition for treating friction pairs, which includes an like abrasive powder based on natural hydrosilicate of magnesium, metal containing additives and a powder more solid than an like abrasive one made on the basis of magnesium hydrosilicate [see the specification statement to the patent of Russian Federation No. 2127299, Int. cl. C 10 M 125/10, from 18. 04. 97]. In this case, the oxides of metals with an affinity less to oxygen than to iron is used as metal containing components, and solid solutions of these oxides or synthesized garnets are used as an abrasive more solid than natural hydrosilicate. As it was pointed out by the authors, this engineering solution allows to receive a good positive result, that is decrease of a vibration level and petroleum expenditure on 25-30 %.

However, it is noted, that"more than 95 % increase of the ingredients of a like abrasive component can invoke an effect reverse to the expected one", that is, it can result in intensive wear ; that is why a component"with abrasive properties presented in greater extent than those of magnesium hydrosilicate"has been selected as a secondary basic component.

Such contradictory approach to like abrasive components of compositions can be explained by the fact, that in this case as well as in all cases mentioned above, the usage of compositions on the basis of natural hydrosilicates of magnesium as a solid component does not give a stable positive result.

It is also necessary to note, that quality of the composition for treating friction pairs and its performance depend essentially on a method of its preparation, although too little attention has been paid to this problem.

It is known a method of preparing natural serpentine, that includes dispersion of natural mineral, and which is activated mechanically before usage in a mixture with grease at the pressure oscillation 0, 01-1 MPa and at the temperature 40-100° C, thus an impurity level in the abrasive like powder lays within the limits 3-10 mass % [see the specification statement to the patent of Russian Federation No. 2006707, dated 03. 07. 92, Int. cl. F 16 C 33/14]. As it is noted in the specification statement, such an impurity level ensures a passivation properties of a servo-fil'm, which are received as a result of using natural serpentine as a solid additive to lubricant.

There is known also a method of preparing composition on the basis of a mixture of natural hydrates such as serpentine, talcum, pirrotine, estatite, faialite, including dispersion, treating in a centrifuge and an altitude chamber, in which the conditions of saturated steam with the temperature 110° C are created and the process of treating takes place for 20 min.

In the applicants'opinion, the treating of a powder by dry saturated steam at its simultaneous pulverization, dehydrates it effectively without caking, makes it aerial, and in addition stabilizes its dispersion ability.

As in both these cases there are not any particular results of usage of compositions made on the basis of the hydrates indicated above, it is possible to suppose, that the compositions, in this as well as in other cases, show not only positive, but negative affect, and the methods of preparation do not render essential influence on stabilizing a positive effect.

The solution closest to the proposed one according to the predestination, engineering essence and expected results at usage is the method of preparing a composition for treating friction pairs, which includes dispersion of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium, dehydration and magnetic separation [see the specification statement to the patent of Russian Federation No.

2059121, dated 03. 10. 93, Int. cl. F 16 C 33/14].

However, the result of this preparation is not absolutely clear, because the obtained in such a way composition has been used in the complex enough process of treating friction surfaces, and the achieved results aren't connected with the methods of preparing a composition and shows"3 % increase of boiler efficiency of a reduction gearbox and 7 % decrease of the temperature required in accordance with the scheme with the lubrication LITOL-24".

Thus, neither the proposed well-known compositions made on the basis of natural minerals, no the methods of their preparation have given no stable results on increasing wear resistance and a friction coefficient or improving technical characteristics of machines and mechanisms.

Disclosure of the invention Therefore the proposing solution aim is an achievement of stable positive results when using the composition for treating friction pairs made on the basis of natural hydrosilicate as a solid additive.

The main task of the invention is to improve the composition for treating friction pairs, that includes an like abrasive powder prepared on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium, in which forming a modified hardened surface layer of the given composition strongly connected with a friction surface is possible due to including into the composition an additional mixture of metal powders with abrasive more solid than natural mineral, or a mixture of a metal powder with metal containing admixture and of the same abrasive. This allows to achieve stable decrease of wear and friction coefficient as well as to improve engineering indexes of machines and mechanisms.

The main task of the invention is to improve the method of preparing the composition for treating friction pairs, in which due to a preliminary blending of a metal powder with a powder of more solid abrasive, then than natural mineral, or a blending of a metal powder with metal containing admixture having the same abrasive, and then the following blending of the obtained product with a natural hydrosilicate powder, a high level of composition homogenization and stable property to solid phase chemical reactions are ensured ; this stabilizes the results of treating friction surfaces with lubricating compositions, which contain solid components on the basis of natural hydrosilicates of magnesium made according to the proposed solution.

The given problem is solved so that in the known composition for treating friction pairs mentioned above, which includes a like abrasive powder made on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures and a powder of abrasive more solid, than the like abrasive powder on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures, according to the invention, the powder of abrasive more solid, than the like abrasive powder on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures, is taken in a mixture with a metal powder or a powder of a metal containing admixture at the following component ratio in mass % : a mixture of a metal powder with a powder of abrasive more solid, than the like abrasive powder prepared on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures, or a mixture of a powder containing metal admixtures with a powder of abrasive more solid, than the like abrasive powder prepared on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures,-5-7 a like abrasive powder prepared on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures,-the rest in this case, the ingredients of the powder with abrasive more solid, than the like abrasive powder prepared on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures, in a mixture with a metal powder or a powder of metal containing admixtures compounds-no more than 3-5.

In one embodiment of the invention, the composition contains, as a powder of metal containing admixtures, finely dispersed powders of such metals as iron, chrome, nickel, molybdenum, niobium, titanium and their alloys.

In other embodiment of the invention, the composition contains, as a powder of metal containing admixtures, finely dispersed oxides powders of such metals as chrome, nickel, molybdenum, niobium, titanium and their alloys.

In other embodiment of the invention, the composition contains, as a powder of metal containing admixtures, finely dispersed powders of halogenides of such metals as chrome, nickel, molybdenum, niobium, titanium and their alloys.

In other embodiment of the invention, the composition contains, as a powder of abrasive more solid than the like abrasive powder prepared on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures, an ultra dispersed powder of diamond.

In other embodiment of the invention, the composition contains, as a powder of abrasive more solid than the like abrasive powder prepared on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures, a finely dispersed powder of shungite.

In other embodiment of the invention, the composition contains, as a powder of abrasive more solid than the like abrasive powder prepared on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures, a synthesized serpentine or a synthesized serpentines mixture.

The given problem is solved so that in the known method of preparation of a composition for treating friction pairs mentioned above, which includes dispersion of a like abrasive powder prepared on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures, separation, dehydration and magnetic separation, according to the invention, a metal powder is blended preliminary with a powder of abrasive more solid, than the like abrasive powder prepared on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures, or a powder of metal containing admixture is blened with a powder of abrasive more solid, than the like abrasive powder prepared on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures, after that the obtained product is blended with a separated like abrasive powder prepared on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the method is characterized by cleaning a like abrasive powder prepared on the basis of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium with accompanying admixtures out of admixtures till to their ingredients not more than 1, 5- 2, 0 mass %.

The usage of finely dispersed powders of metals in combination with abrasive more solid than the natural mineral in the composition for treating friction pairs, probably ensures formation of cerametallic, wearproof phases, with a high level of adhesion to a base material and considerable wear resistance. The amount of a metal powder and a composition of metal containing phases is determined by the base material and a sort of treating (treating of new goods or recovery of worn surfaces).

The preliminary blending of metal powders or metal containing additives with abrasive more solid than natural hydrosilicate of magnesium, which is done in the same equipment of hyperfine grinding, allows to achieve not only even stirring, but also mechanical intrusion of grains of one matter into the near-surface strata of the other with better adhesion to the base material. The fulfillment of a high level cleaning of the natural mineral allows to reduce influence of these components on the final result of treating, and to increase repeatability of results at the expense of using properties of those metal containing components, which together with the base are capable to form stable, high-strength and wearproof phases.

As it is seen from the essence of the proposed solution, it differs from the prototype and, therefore, it is new.

The solution has also an inventor's level. It is known, that the effective method, aimed at increasing antifriction, antiscoring and antitwear properties, is usage of ultra dispersed powders of graphite and diamond in the compositions for treating friction surfaces. For example, lubricant oil contains a mixture of ultra dispersed powders of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon in amount of 0, 1-1, 0 mass % at a mass proportion of diamond and not diamond carbon from 30 : 70 up to 99 : 1 [see the specification statements to the patent of the USSR No. 1770350 dated 23. 10. 88, Int. cl. C 10 M 125/02].

However, a friction coefficient and total wear at usage of such a component are reduced not more than in 2, 5-3, 0 times.

There is also a well-known lubricating composition containing baseline oil and finely dispersed powders of diamond and metal ; in this case, an iron containing powder compounds 0, 05-4, 0 % of composition, ensuring plating properties of the composition. From the authors' point of view, 0, 03-0, 10 % of a finely dispersed diamond powder ensures formation of a diamond-metal plating layer with high density. The proposed composition has good sediment properties, though the wear of parts and a friction coefficient reduce only in 1, 22 times and remain not better than 0, 09, comparing to the prototype, in which soft metals and their alloys are included into technological environment in amount of 5-60 mass % [see the specification statements for the patent of Russian Federation No. 1730842, dated 14. 02. 90, Int. cl. C 10 M 125/04].

Therefore, large attention in the process of creating new methods of treating friction surfaces is probably paid to using, as solid components, natural minerals, particularly, such minerals as flaky silicates and serpentines, which sometimes ensure a lower friction coefficient, higher wear resistance and hardness of a friction surface after treating.

However, as it is mentioned above, these results can't be called stable.

The proposed engineering solution differs principally from the known ones, for the proposed composition uses the effect of activation of an intermediate composite product, which should correspond to friction pair materials and to the sort of treating (treating of new goods or repair-restoration operations during exploitation).

Industrial applicability Use of the invention The proposed engineering solution can find a broad application for a commercial production of lubricating compositions for friction units of different machines and mechanisms, both during their manufacture and at exploitation.

Modes for carrying out of the invention Example 1. The composition for treating bearings contains 95 g of cleaned natural serpentine and 5 g mixture of iron powder with ultra dispersed powder of diamond. This mixture contains 4, 85 g of iron powder and 0, 15 g of diamond powder.

Example 2. The composition for treating a compressor contains 93 g of cleaned natural serpentine and 7 g of powder mixture of a metal containing additive and ultra dispersed shungite. 7g of mixture contains 0, 35 g of finely dispersed powder of shungite and 6, 65 g of metal containing additive The latter, in turn, consists of 0, 665 g of chromium chloride and 6, 585 g of chromium powder.

The generalized information on investigated compositions is given in table 1.

Table 1 No Name of metal or Ingredients of Ingredients of Impurity % metal containing metal or metal abrasive (diamond, admixtures % containing graphite) % admixtures % I Fe, Fe-Al, Cr, Ni, 4, 8-5, 2 0, 30-0, 35 1, 4-1, 6 Mo, Nb, Ti Etc. 2 Fe203, Cr203, 6, 2-6, 7 0, 20-0, 30 0, 20-0, 30 Ni02, Ti02, MgO, Nb203 and mixture with metals 3 Chlorides, 5, 5-6, 2 0, 15-0, 20 1, 4-1, 9 phtorides, bromides and mixture with the same metals In the process of preparation of compositions for treating friction pairs dispersion of natural hydrosilicate of magnesium is fulfilled with the methods mentioned above, using a rotated ball mill M-3. At first the dispersion was fulfilled up to 150-200 microns. To separate the received powders an air-centrifugal separator was used. Dehydration took place in a camera at the temperature 50-100°C. After the dehydration the secondary dispersion was conducted up to not more than 5 microns, then the magnetic separation was fulfilled. As a result, a light powder of natural mineral with additives not more than 1, 5-2, 0 mass % was received.

The metal powder or another metal containing powder was blended separately with an ultra dispersed powder of diamond or shungite in the same ball mill for not less than 3 hours.

The mixture of a metal with more solid abrasive, or other mixtures with more solid abrasive, which are shown in table 1, were added into the light natural mineral or into the synthesized hydrosilicate of magnesium with 1, 5-2, 0 mass. % of impurities ; it was made on the basis of using repeatedly dispersed product, received in the process of magnetic separation.

In the same grinding mill after careful stirring during 1-2 hours the powder was extracted and packed into capacities with ground-in stoppers to be preserved for further usage.

The compositions for treating friction pairs prepared in such a way were used after their mixing with 5-40 mass % technological environment. Such organic matters as litol, grease, lubricant or technological environments made according to the special prescription were used as technological environment.

The results of using some compositions are given in table 2.

Table 2 Nameof Nameof group of technological tested environment and Technical-exploitation characteristics Ns of composition objects hardness, friction wear vibration HRc coefficient compensa decrease, tion, mm times 1 cornpressors oil M8TI1, NQ 2 2-3 2 bearing litol-24, Nu 3 1-2 2-5 3 reduction oil MC-20, 2-3 3-5 gearboxes Ns 3 4 crankshaft engine oil, 390-410 0, 006-0, 008 inset 10W30, No 1 5 friction oil H-20A, 390-410 0, 006-0, 008 1-3 pairs item 45 NQ 1, 2, 3 As it is seen in tables 1 and 2, the usage of compositions for treating friction pairs according to the proposed engineering solution ensures an essential increase of hardness and decrease of wear and friction coefficient, as well as compensation of the lost sizes. It gives grounds to propose these compositions for treating units of machines and mechanisms, both new and second-hand of different extent of wear.