SAHIN, Mehmet Metin (Atasehir Sedef Cd. Ata 4-2 A Blok D:1, Istanbul, 34750, TR)
CLAIMS
1. The invention relates to the conical eccentric breakers comprising the body (1) to which the material to be broken enters through the inlet opening (25), and the outer cone element (2) and the inner cone element (4) formed inside the body (1), wherein the necessary breaking operation is carried out by the movement of the inner cone element and the material in grinded state exits through the outlet opening (26), characterized in that in order to attain high size reduction ratios and to increase the capacity in a single machine instead of two machines, it comprises - at least one inner cone element (4), which is borne inside the body (1), is driven in an eccentric manner and therefore has freedom of movement about itself and provides the necessary breaking.
2. The conical eccentric breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises
- on the body (1), at least one outer cone element (2) with adjustable position.
3. The conical eccentric breaker according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises
- at least one shaft (5), which provides the freedom of movement for the inner cone element (4) and is connected with the inner cone element
(4),
- at least one eccentric (7), which is driven in connection with the shaft (5).
4. The conical eccentric breaker according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises
- at least one weight (21), which adjusts the centrifugal force formed by the motion transmitted to the eccentric (7), and is formed in connection with the eccentric (7).
5. The conical eccentric breaker according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises
- at least one drive transmission element (18), which transmits the motion to the eccentric (7).
6. The conical eccentric breaker according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises
- at least one shock absorber element (23) in connection with the body (1), which element is positioned on a certain surface of the body (1) to enable taking up the vibrations to form.
7. The conical eccentric breaker according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises
- at least one drive element (15) to generate the necessary motion, - the V-belt pulley (24) or at least one gear (13) to transmit the motion from the drive element (15) to the eccentric.
8. The conical eccentric breaker according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises - at least one radial bearing (10) and/or plain bearing (8) to bear the eccentric (7).
9. The conical eccentric breaker according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises - at least one spherical bearing (3) to bear the inner cone element (4).
10. The conical eccentric breaker according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises
- within the body (1), at least one base bearing (11) formed in connection with the plain bearing (8).
11. The invention relates to the method for the realization of the conical eccentric breakers comprising the body (1) to which the material to be broken enters through the inlet opening (25), and the outer cone element (2) and the inner cone element (4) formed inside the body (1), wherein the necessary breaking operation is carried out by the movement of the inner cone element and the material in grinded state exits through the outlet opening (26), characterized in that in order to attain high size reduction ratios and to increase the capacity in a single machine instead of two machines, it comprises the process steps of
- delivering the materials through the inlet opening (25) on the body (1), - breaking the materials by the movement of the inner cone (4) borne and driven in an eccentric manner with freedom of movement on the outer cone (2),
- delivering the broken materials reduced in size at a certain ratio through the outlet opening (26) via the discharge opening (20).
12. A method according to Claim 11 characterized in that
- the breaking force is adjusted with the weight (21) formed on the driven inner cone element (4).
13. A method according to Claim 11 characterized in that,
- the necessary eccentric oscillation movement is formed by the driven eccentric (7) connected with the inner cone element (4), and the shaft (5).
14. A method according to Claim 11 characterized in that,
- the clearance between the outer cone element (2) and the inner cone element (4) is adjusted by means of the weight (21) on the inner cone element (4), in order to enable the materials remaining in between to be cleaned while the breaker is operating.
15. A method according to Claim 11 characterized in that, - there are formed the plain bearing (8), where the eccentric (7) and the inner cone element (4) perform the oscillation movement within the body (1),
- at least one clearance (19) constituting the oscillation gap inside the plain bearing (8).
16. A method according to Claim 11 characterized in that
- the breaking gap (27) is formed between the inner cone element (4) and the outer cone element (2), by means of the free eccentric oscillation movement of the inner cone element (4).
17. A method according to Claim 11 characterized in that
- there is formed a spherical support element (9) that limits the movement of the inner cone element (4) within the plain bearing.
18. A method according to Claim 11 characterized in that
- the radial bearing (10) is formed in connection with the plain bearing (8). |
CONICAL ECCENTRIC BREAKER Technical Field
The present invention relates to the conical breakers used to break ores, building materials and various materials like metallic items.
The invention relates in particular to a new conical eccentric breaker for breaking various materials, which has a high size reduction ratio, has its capacity able to be increased, is safe and also enables intervention with the breaking operation when necessary.
State of the Art
For certain processes, the raw materials must be broken into the pieces of certain reduced size. It is difficult to break and grind the material to be broken. Therefore, various breakers and grinders are used according to the structure of the material to be grinded.
The breaking and grinding technologies currently in use necessitate the installation of the facilities comprising 4 to 6 machines positioned in a successive manner. Such machines are especially the conical breakers and the rod- or ball-grinders.
Breaker machines perform the basic part of the breaking operation with respect to the grinders. The reason is that the efficiency of the grinders may not exceed 1%. However, the efficiency is close to 20% for the breaker machines. Even though the size reduction ratio is not less than 30 in said machines, it is possible to increase the size reduction ratio from 4 to 7 for the conical breakers, which have been available for 150 years.
In the conical breakers, the breaking process is provided by means of compression deformation and displacement. Said ratio of deformation is determined according to the width of the inner cone. The inner cone has a constant measure equal to its eccentric counterpart. The rigid kinematical relation between the breaker cones
resembles the operation of the crankshaft in the steam locomotive. The material is effectively broken in the form of a thin layer. This leads to the reduction in capacity and the fracture of the breaker in cases of excessive loading. Since the cone width must be constant, the effort is made to increase the neck clearance between the cones. This in turn causes the drawbacks such as the small scale deformations in the layer structure of the material and the decreases in the size reduction ratio.
In the US patent application no. US3302896, "Symons" eccentric breaker has a body comprising an outer cone and an inner cone located on the spherical bearing. On the spherical bearing, there is located the shaft that receives its motion from the eccentric shaft. Said bearing is mounted to the plain bearing (liner bearing) on the body, and is connected with the motor via a gear couple. In this breaker known as Symons conical breaker, it is not possible to adjust the breaking force. Size reduction ratio may be increased only UP to 5. by way of rotation of the outer cone about a screw so that the neck clearance is decreased. This results in a reduction in the capacity.
In addition, when an increase is needed in the size reduction ratio, this leads to excessive material accumulation inside the breaker, without an overflow in the breaker cavity. Another problem with said breaker is that the start and stop may not be provided in a state when the breaker is filled with material. Otherwise, the deformations likely to form in the motion mechanism of the breaker cause high cost damages. Another drawback is the inability to keep constant the size reduction ratio in case of wear and tear of the breaking cones.
As a different solution, there is the US patent application no. US345889, which allows to vary the neck clearance by hydraulically adjusting the position of the inner cone.
Said breaker has a body comprising an inner cone and outer cone which are eccentric on a shaft, and the inner cone is mounted on the liner bearing (plain bearing) on the body. The inner cone is mounted towards the upper part of the shaft, at the support point of the body. The lower part is rested against the spherical
bearing located on a hydro-cylindrical piston, which converts its movement to vertical. In this way, it is also possible to intervene with the neck clearance between the cones. However, the breaker force may not be adjusted. Still, as the position of the inner cone may be adjusted hydraulically, it enables to provide stabilization for the neck clearance between the cones with worn linings. Breaker has a complex structure. Size reduction ratio may be increased up to 6.
In US patent application no. US4339087, the breaker body comprises an outer cone screw-adjusted from the top and an inner cone bearing, on which there is a shaft receiving its motion from the eccentric. Said bearing is mounted inside the liner bearing (plain bearing) on the body and is coupled with the motor. One of the problems here is the lack of a rigid kinematical connection between the inner and outer cones. Eccentric body is connected with the breaker body in a rigid manner. Thus, during the rotation of the eccentric shaft, the rotational movements are formed, which are suitable in extent, for the eccentricity of the inner eccentric cone. Consequently, the deformation in the broken material may not be higher than the extent of eccentricity. Here the size reduction ratio may not exceed 7.
Moreover, it is not possible to start and stop such a machine while under load, in order to prevent the deformations and fractures in the movement mechanism. When an unbreakable material penetrates the machine, the safety devices must intervene for action.
There is the need to eliminate the problems with the known practice. It is necessary to increase the size reduction ratio in the breaker machines, while preventing the capacity decrease. Generally, it is also required to prevent the time losses and expenses forming due to the inability to perform the start and stop operations while the material is loaded in the breaker machines.
Object of the Invention
Based on the state of the art, the object of the invention is to develop a new conical eccentric breaker, which eliminates the drawbacks in the existing structures, wherein it is possible to increase the size reduction ratio of the materials subjected to breaking process and at the same time to increase the production capacity.
Another object of the invention is to enable the increase of the size reduction ratio from 5 to 30 for the materials to be processed, while making it also possible to increase the capacity.
Another object of the invention is to provide the selective breaking conditions by managing the breaking force in such a manner to avoid self-breaking among the minerals.
Another object of the invention is to enable the formation of a structure which may be started and stopped while loaded with material.
Another object of the invention is to make it possible to adjust the wear and tear in the armor plate of the cone by means of the upwards rotation of the outer armor plate via screw using the breaking force.
Another object of the invention is to enable cleaning the breaker cavity without the need for using the safety equipment or stopping the breaker.
Still another object of the invention is to enable an outer cone with adjustable position, the inner cone with internal motion mounted inside the plain bearing that carries the shaft and eccentric and the eccentric that provides the radial motion to involve also the spherical bearing and liner bearing, to be freely positioned with respect to plain bearing inside the breaker body.
Still another object of the invention is to enable the plain bearing to provide the transmission of movement by balancing the angular and radial position of the eccentric, with the eccentric being hinged to the shaft.
Still another object of the invention is to place the breaker eccentric so that it can move freely with respect to plain bearing and thus, to enable the inner cone to freely move in the radial direction about the shaft thereof, and to enable the inner cone eccentric to provide the rotational movement on the spherical bearing downwards from the connection point of the cone armor plates where there is no breaking material under the centrifugal force.
Still another object of the invention is to enable the cones to perform a common movement and to enable the measurement of the breaking force and the layer deformation of the broken material, within a structure allowing the intervention with the inner cone width.
Yet another object of the invention is to enable the self-breaking of the materials.
Yet another object of the invention is to increase the size reduction ratio from 5 to 6, to 20 to 30, and thus to enable the performance of certain steps in the fine breaking process to pass onto the first step of grinding.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a structure with 2200 mm cone diameter having a special reservoir where the granite pieces with 85% below 120 mm may be contained, which has 350 ton/s capacity at 320 kW motor power, and to make it possible to accept the products 85% of which are finer than 5 mm and to enable the size reduction ratio to be 24 and the size average of the fed and input materials to be 32.
In order to achieve said objects, a new conical eccentric breaker is developed, which eliminates the problems with the existing structures and enables the performance of
the processes which would otherwise be carried out with two machines, using a single machine.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to attain high size reduction ratios and to increase the capacity in a single machine instead of two machines, at least one inner cone element (4) is formed, which is borne inside the body (1), is driven in an eccentric manner and therefore has freedom of movement about itself and provides the necessary breaking.
A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises, on the body (1), at least one outer cone element (2) with adjustable position.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are formed at least one shaft (5), which provides the freedom of movement for the inner cone element (4) and is connected with the inner cone element (4), and at least one eccentric (7), which is driven in connection with the shaft (5).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is formed at least one weight (21), which adjusts the centrifugal force formed by the motion transmitted to the eccentric (7), and is formed in connection with the eccentric (7).
A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises at least one drive transmission element (18), which transmits the motion to the eccentric (7).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is formed at least one shock absorber element (23) in connection with the body (1), which element is positioned on a certain surface of the body (1) to enable taking up the vibrations to form.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are formed at least one drive element (15) to generate the necessary motion, and the V-belt pulley (24) or at
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least one gear (13) to transmit the motion from the drive element (15) to the eccentric.
A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises at least one radial bearing (10) and/or plain bearing (8) to bear the eccentric (7).
A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises at least one spherical bearing (3) to bear the inner cone element (4).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is formed, within the body (1), at least one base bearing (11) in connection with the plain bearing (8).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to attain high size reduction ratios and to increase the capacity in a single machine instead of two machines, the method comprises the process steps of
- delivering the materials through the inlet opening (25) on the body (1),
- breaking the materials by the movement of the inner cone (4) borne and driven in an eccentric manner with freedom of movement on the outer cone (2) and delivering the broken materials reduced in size at a certain ratio through the outlet opening (26) via the discharge opening
(20).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the breaking force is adjusted with the weight (21) formed on the driven inner cone element (4).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the necessary eccentric oscillation movement is formed by the driven eccentric (7) connected with the inner cone element (4), and the shaft (5).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the clearance between the outer cone element (2) and the inner cone element (4) is adjusted by means of the
weight (21) on the inner cone element (4), in order to enable the materials remaining in between to be cleaned while the breaker is operating.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are formed the plain bearing (8) where the eccentric (7) and the inner cone element (4) perform the oscillation movement within the body (1), and at least one clearance (19) constituting the oscillation gap inside the plain bearing (8).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the breaking gap (27) is formed between the inner cone element (4) and the outer cone element (2), by means of the free eccentric oscillation movement of the inner cone element (4).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is formed a spherical support element (9) that limits the movement of the inner cone element (4) within the plain bearing.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the radial bearing (10) is formed in connection with the plain bearing (8).
Description of the Drawings
Figure- 1 is a sectional drawing illustrating a representative embodiment of the invention.
Figure-2 is a sectional drawing illustrating a different representative embodiment of the invention.
Figure-3 is a sectional drawing along A-A illustrating a representative embodiment of the invention.
Figure-4 is a half-sectional perspective drawing illustrating a representative embodiment of the invention.
Reference Numbers
1 Body 14 Connecting element (coupling, etc.) 2 Outer cone element 15 Drive element (motor etc.)
3 Spherical bearing 16 Gear shaft
4 Inner cone element 17 Shaft bearing
5 Main shaft 18 Drive transmission element (shaft etc. ) 6 Eccentric bearing 19 Clearance
7 Eccentric 20 Discharge opening
8 Plain bearing (liner) 21 Weight
9 Spherical support element 22 Connection means (screw etc.)
10 Radial bearing 23 Shock absorber element
11 Base bearing 24 V-belt pulley
12 Gear bearing 25 Inlet opening
13 Gear 26 Outlet opening
27 Breaking gap
Detailed Description of the Invention
Our invention relates to a new conical eccentric breaker, wherein the size reduction ratios of the materials may be adjusted, the capacity may be increased without being affected by such adjustment, and the breaker may be cleaned during its operation.
In general, the breaker comprises the inlet and outlet openings (25, 26) through which the material to be processed enters to and exits from the breaker, and the inner and outer cone elements (4, 2) where the grinding process is performed. The inner cone element (4) is borne such that it may perform oscillation about itself in an eccentric manner. By the free eccentric movement of the inner cone element (4), the breaking gap (27) is formed between the inner cone element (4) and the outer cone element (2). There is present the spherical bearing (3) that bears the inner cone element (4). The movement formed is transmitted via the drive transmission element
(18) to the eccentric (7), and from the eccentric (7) to the inner cone element (4) via
the main shaft (5). Eccentric (7) is borne on the eccentric bearing (6). The movement of the inner cone element (4) is enabled to form in a controlled manner by means of the plain bearing (8), radial bearing (10) and spherical bearing (3).
The plain bearing (8) is mounted on the body (1) by means of the base bearing (11) and radial bearing (10). Liner (8) is connected with the gear bearing (12) in a secure manner. Here its connection is made with the gear (13). It is connected with the motor (15) via an elastic connecting element (14). The gear's shaft (16) is located inside the bearing (17) in the body (1). Plain bearing (8) is connected by means of the eccentric (7) and the jointed drive transmission shaft (18). In order for the eccentric (7) to perform a free radial rotation within the plain bearing (8), the minimum clearance (19) between its surfaces on the horizontal plane is 1 ,5 times more than the maximum discharge opening (20) between the inner and outer cone elements (4, 2). Weights (21) are placed into the eccentric (7), to enable the static moment adjustment for the eccentric (7). The outer cone (2) is connected to the body (1) by means of a screw (22). The body (1) is mounted on a bearing, by means of elastic shock absorber elements (23).
The operation of the breaker may be described as follows:
First, the material is discharged from the bunker to the breaker. Upon providing that the initial material pressure inside the breaker reservoir is not less than 0,7 ton/m 2 , the breaker is started. The eccentric (7) transmits the rotational movement received from the motor (15) directly via V-belt pulley (24) or connecting element (14), gear bearing and gears (12, 13), plain bearing (8) and drive transmission shaft (18). The rotational movement of the eccentric (7) forms a centrifugal force, which forces the inner cone element (4) to perform a rotational movement on the spherical support element (9) and causes the material to roll and be deformed to an extent proportional to the centrifugal force value of the inner cone element (4) and the eccentric (7).
Thus, the proximity zone between the cones is shaped according to the material strength and the determined breaking force. The measure of deviation of the outer
cone element (2) from the breaker axis depends on the moment of inertia. The more are the moment of inertia and the weight, the more is the deformation of the material. The higher are the unbalanced weights (21) of the eccentric (7), meaning that the weight increasing masses (21) in the eccentric are high in number, the higher are the static moment, centrifugal force, the inner cone element's (4) width, material deformation and the size reduction ratio.
Said breaker may be described as follows, according to the Newton's law on the dynamic interaction between the free moving masses (Newton's 2. dynamic law): In this law shaped as MA = ma, M and m express the masses of the moving bodies (1) and A and a represent the accelerations of these bodies (1).
M and A are the characteristics of the body (1), while m and a are the characteristics of the inner cone element (4) along with the eccentric (7). The total centrifugal force of the inner cone element (4) is expressed with the formula
F = F C + F e = ω {mj c +mj e ) wherein F 0 is the centrifugal force of the inner cone element (4), and F 6 is the centrifugal force of the eccentric (7). ω is the angular rotational speed of the eccentric (7), m c is the mass of the inner cone element (4), m e is the mass of the unbalanced weights in the eccentric (7), / c is the width of the center of gravity of the inner cone element (4), and / e is the distance between the axis of the inner cone element (4) and the center of gravity of the eccentric (7). As seen from the above formula, a 2-fold increase per minute in the speed of the eccentric (7) corresponds to a quadruple increase in the breaking force. The increasing mass and width of the inner cone element (4) and unbalanced weights (21) of the eccentric also directly increase the breaking force.
The free movement of the eccentric inside the plain bearing (8) provides the conditions necessary for the free movement of the inner cone element (4) within the outer cone element (2). Accordingly, as the width of the inner cone element (4) gradually increases, the breaker is enabled to operate under the load. Similarly, the unbreakable material entering the discharge opening (20) of the inner cone element (4) will be displaced in the opposite direction and said unbreakable material will be able to pass without causing the fracture as the machine is operating.
In case the discharge opening (20) between the cone elements (2, 4) exceeds the opening (20) considered reasonable, the cone elements (2, 4) will not collide with one another. The reason is that in this case the eccentric (7) will contact the surface of the liner (8) and prevent any approach likely to form later between the cone elements (2, 4). The known conical breakers operating with such a system may have a size reduction ratio as low as 4 to 5. Thus, the distinguishing features provided in the formula provide the necessary technical explanation in respect of noticing all the tasks.
The invention may not be limited to the representative embodiments provided in this section. Alternative embodiments that may be realized by the persons skilled in the art based on the fundamental elements within the protective scope as set forth in the claims will mean the violation of the invention.