This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 USC 1 19(e) to United States Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/410,740, filed November 5, 2010, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments pertain to wireless communications. Some embodiments relate to coordinated multipoint communications. Some embodiments relate to 3GPP LTE Advanced networks. Some embodiments relate to WiMAX networks and networks configured in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.16 standards.

BACKGROUND

Coordinated multipoint (CoMP) communication networks coordinate and/or combine signals from multiple antennas or base stations to make it possible for mobile users to enjoy consistent performance and quality when they access and share videos, photos and other high-bandwidth services, whether they are close to the center of their serving cell or at its outer edges. One issue with CoMP networks is that conventional channel quality feedback schemes do not take into account a reduction in interference that can be achieved by coordination.

Thus, there are general needs for CoMP networks and methods for beamforming coordination that take into account the reduction in interference that results from the coordination of the base stations. There are also general needs for channel quality feedback schemes suitable for interference suppression in a CoMP network.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a CoMP communication network in accordance with some embodiments;

FIG. 2 illustrates a reporting scheme in accordance with some embodiments; and FIG. 3 is a procedure for beamforming coordination with interference suppression in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims.

FIG. 1 illustrates a CoMP communication network in accordance with some embodiments. CoMP communication network 100 includes a plurality of enhanced Node B's (eNBs) including a serving eNB 102 which provides communication services to user equipment (UE) 104, one or more cooperating eNBs 106, and one or more non- cooperating eNBs 1 10. In some embodiments, CoMP network 100 may be a wireless access network configured for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communications. In some embodiments, network 100 may be configured to operate in accordance with one of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP) Technical Specifications for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) (e.g., 3GPP LTE Release 10 or later, referred to as LTE advanced).

In accordance with embodiments, the one or more cooperating eNBs 106 are configured to suppress interference to the UE 104 during a beamformed transmission 103 from the serving eNB 102 to the UE 104. In these embodiments, the serving eNB 102 may receive a reference channel quality indicator (CQI) and one or more coordination CQIs from the UE 104. The UE 104 may also receive a reference precoding matrix indicator (PMI) associated with the reference CQI and a coordination PMI associated with each coordination CQI from the UE 104. The serving eNB 102 may calculate a modified CQI from the reference CQI and the coordination CQIs, and precode signals for transmission to the UE 104 using a precoding matrix that is selected based on the reference PMI for the beamformed transmission 103. A modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for the beamformed transmission 103 may be selected from the modified CQI. When operating in coordination mode, one or more cooperating eNBs 106 are configured to suppress interference to the UE 104 using the coordination PMIs during the scheduled beamformed transmission 103 from the serving eNB 102 to the UE 104. These embodiments are described in more detail below. The beamformed transmission may be configured in accordance with a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication technique, or a single-input single-output (SISO) communication technique.

In these embodiments, the coordination of beamforming across multiple eNBs allows interference from the cooperating eNBs 106 to be suppressed. This suppression of interference from other cells allows the serving eNB 102 to use a MCS associated with a greater throughput for the beamformed transmission 103 to the UE 104.

In some embodiments when two or more cooperating eNBs 106 are configured to suppress interference, the serving eNB 102 may receive two or more coordination CQIs from the UE 104 along with an associated two or more PMIs. When only one cooperating eNB 106 is configured to suppress interference, the serving eNB 102 may receive one coordination CQI from the UE 104 along with an associated PMI.

In accordance with embodiments, the reference CQI may be selected by the UE 104 based on direct channel information from the serving eNB 102 and each coordination CQI may be selected by the UE 104 based on both the direct channel information and interfering channel information for each of the cooperating eNBs 106. The MCS that is selected based on the modified CQI is configured to provide a greater data rate or throughput than an MCS that would be selected based solely on the reference CQI.

The serving eNB 102 does not use the precoding matrix to suppress interference, but the serving eNB 102 takes into account the fact that there will be less interferences since the cooperating eNBs 106 will be concurrently transmitting along with the serving eNB 102 to the UE 104. Thus, an MCS associated with a greater data rate than the reference CQI would indicate may be used. In these embodiments, a greater data rate or throughput is possible because the selected MCS takes into account the suppression of interference by the one or more cooperating eNBs 106. In these embodiments, the overhead associated with the transmission of CQI reports is reduced and possibly minimized because the UE 104 may feedback only the CQI corresponding to an uncoordinated scenario (e.g., based on the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR)) and scenarios with coordination of the serving eNB 102 (i.e., eNBi) with each individual cooperating eNB 106 (i.e., eNB _j (SINRj), j=2...N, where N is the total number of cooperating eNBs including the serving eNB 102). In these embodiments, the reported CQI set may include N reports which may be used by the serving eNB 102 to derive a modified CQI for almost any combination of one or more cooperating eNBs 106. In these embodiments, the modified CQI may be calculated based on an increase in SINR based on the cooperation of eNB _k i _v .eNB _km is provided below:

In some embodiments, the serving eNB 102 is configured to provide the coordination PMIs to the cooperating eNBs 106 over backhaul links 105 of a backhaul network. The serving eNB 102 may also provide resource block information to the cooperating eNBs 106 over the backhaul links 105. The resource block information may indicate the particular resource block (RB) in an OFDMA frame to be used by the cooperating eNBs 106 for interference suppression to the UE 104. The resource block information may, for example, indicate the set of subcarriers and OFDM symbols to be used by the cooperating eNBs 106 for interference suppression to the UE 104. The serving eNB 102 may allocate these resources (e.g., the set of subcarriers and OFDM symbols) as part of a resource allocation for the transmission of data to the UE 104 (i.e., as part of the beamformed transmission 103). Accordingly, the serving eNB 102 may provide the RB allocation to the cooperating eNBs 106 so that the cooperating eNBs 106 will be able to suppress interference to the UE 104 within the allocated RB (i.e., where the UE is scheduled).

In some embodiments when the cooperating eNBs 106 are operating in coordination mode, the cooperating eNBs 106 are configured to use the coordination PMIs to adjust their beamformed transmissions within nearby cells to other UEs 1 14 to suppress interference to the UE 104 by applying beamforming vectors that are at least partially orthogonal (i.e., orthogonal or semi-orthogonal) to eigenvectors reported by the UE 104 to the serving eNB 102 in the form of the coordination PMIs. In these embodiments, the cooperating eNBs 106 may only need to adjust their transmissions during indicated RB that is allocated by the serving eNB 102.

In some embodiments, the direct channel information used by the UE 104 to determine the reference CQI is based on a direct channel matrix (H) and a SINR derived from reference signals or pilots received from the serving eNB 102 over a direct channel between the serving eNB 102 and the UE 104. The interfering channel information used by the UE 104 to determine the coordination CQI associated with each of the cooperating eNBs 106 comprises an interfering channel matrix (G) of an interference channel derived from reference signals or pilots received from the cooperating eNBs 106. In these embodiments, the reference CQI may be derived from pilots or reference signals received from the serving eNB 102. The calculation of the reference CQI based on the direct channel matrix (H) assumes an uncoordinated scenario, while the calculation of each of the coordination CQIs based on an interfering channel matrix (G) assumes an interference-suppression model.

In these embodiments, the signal model used for CQI calculation by the UE 104 may be represented in the following form:

(eNB j - ►UE! )

r = Hv (eNB i→UEi ), x + ∑Gjvl + n

jeki ,...,k _m

(l a)

In the above equation (la), ^l '-'^m _s the set of eNBs participating in the beamforming coordination (including the one or more cooperating eNBs 106 but not including the serving eNB 102), H is a channel matrix from the serving eNBi to the UE

104 (i.e., UE|), G _j is interfering channel matrix from a cooperating eNB _j to the UEi, , n is additive noise plus interference from other cells which are not involved in the cooperation. It is seen from the equation (la) that UE 104 assumes that each cooperating eNB _j 106 applies beamforming vector(s) which are orthogonal to the eigen-vector(s) reported by the UE 104 to serving eNB 102 in the form of coordination PMI. Depending on the receiver type that is employed, the UE 104 calculates the effective postprocessing SINR form the equation (la) and encodes the SINR value to CQI. In these embodiments, the receiver types that may be employed may include zero-forcing (ZF), maximum-ratio combining (MRC) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) type receivers.

Perfect interference suppression from the cooperating eNBs 106 can be also considered as a special case of (la) with the signal model represented in the following form: r = Hv( ^eNB 1 ^→UE ' )x ₊ n . (lb) In equations (la) and (lb), the value of n may depend on the set ^k l '-' ^k m of cooperating eNBs 106. The information about the set ^k l '-' ^k m ₀ f cooperating eNBs 106 (i.e., that are participating in the beamforming coordination) may not be known at the UE 104. In this case the UE 104 would need to report multiple CQIs corresponding to all possible eNB combinations that may participate in the beamforming coordination. The number of combinations for N cooperating eNBs is equal to 2 ^N" ' and grows exponentially with N. For example, in case of two cooperating eNBs, the UE 104 would calculate four CQIs corresponding to the scenarios without coordination: (1), coordination of eNB) + eNB ₂ (2), coordination eNBi + eNB ₃ (3) and coordination of eNB) + _e NB ₂ + eNB ₃ (4). This direct reporting of multiple CQIs by UE| leads to a set of 2 ^N' ' CQIs that are fed back resulting in large overhead for N>2. Embodiments disclosed herein minimize the feedback of the CQI reports because the UE 104 may be configured to feedback only the CQIs corresponding to uncoordinated scenario (based on SINR with the serving eNB 102) and corresponding to scenarios with coordination of the serving eNBi 102 and with single eNBj (SINRj), for j=2...N, as discussed above. As a result, a set of CQIs for feedback will be equal to N.

In some embodiments, the CQI is an indication of the downlink mobile radio channel quality as experienced by the UE 104 and corresponds to an optimum MCS for a given radio link quality so that the resulting transport block error rate would not exceed a predetermined rate (e.g., 10%). In some LTE embodiments, sixteen combinations of MCS may be specified as possible CQI values, reported as a CQI. The PMI is an indication of the optimum precoding matrix to be used by an eNB for a given channel condition. The PMI may refer to a codebook or codebook table and may allow the network to configure a number of RBs that are represented by a PMI report. The RI may indicate the number of useful transmission layers when spatial multiplexing is used. In case of transmit diversity, rank may equal one.

FIG. 2 illustrates a reporting scheme in accordance with some embodiments. The reporting scheme may include a reference report 202 generated by the UE 104 (FIG. 1 ) that is fed back to the serving eNB 102 (FIG. 1). The reporting scheme may also include a coordination report for each cooperating eNB 106 (FIG. 1) generated by the UE 104 that is fed back to the serving eNB 102. The reference report 202 may be associated with the serving eNB 102 (eNBi), a coordination report 206 may be associated with a first cooperating eNB (eNB ₂ ), and a coordination report 208 may be associated with a second cooperating eNB (eNB ₃ ).

In accordance with embodiments, the reference CQI, a reference PMI and a reference rank indicator (RI) may be included in the reference report 202. The coordination CQI, the coordination PMI and a coordination RI may be included in the coordination reports 206 and 208 for each cooperating eNB. In LTE embodiments, for a rank two transmission, the PMIs would be selected from a rank two codebook, for example.

In some embodiments, the reference report 202 and the coordination reports 206 and 208 may be time-division multiplexed (TDM) for transmission on an uplink (UL) channel to the serving eNB 102 as illustrated in FIG. 2. In LTE embodiments, the uplink channel may be a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for periodic transmissions, or the uplink channel may be the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for aperiodic transmissions, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In other embodiments, the reference report 202 and the coordination reports 206 and 208 may be frequency-division multiplexed (FDM) and transmitted in the same UL frame (i.e., on different sets of subcarriers) of the uplink channel, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other feedback configurations may also be used.

In some embodiments, the reference report 202 and the coordination reports 206 and 208 may jointly encoded by the UE 104 into a single report for transmission on an uplink (UL) channel to the serving eNB 102. The UE 104 may also differentially encode the one or more coordination CQIs with respect to the reference CQI. The differentially encoded CQIs may be provided in the coordination reports 206 and 208 thereby reducing overhead for CQI feedback.

In some embodiments, the periodicity of the coordination reports 206, 208 may be different than the periodicity of the reference reports. In the example embodiment shown in FIG. 2, three reference reports 202 for each coordination report 206 or 208 are shown. The reduced periodicity of the coordination reports 206, 208 may be used, for example, when coordination mode is used less frequently than uncoordinated mode. The reference ΡΜΪ included in the reference report 202 may be a suggested PMI for use by the serving eNB 102 for transmitting the beamformed transmission 103 through the direct channel to the UE 104. The reference RI included in the reference report 202 may indicate a preferred transmission rank for the serving eNB 102 for use by the serving eNB 102 for transmitting the beamformed transmission 103 through the direct channel to the UE 104. Each coordination PMI included in a coordination report 206 may be for use by a cooperating eNB 106 for interference suppression with the UE 104 during the beamformed transmission 103 when operating in coordination mode. In some embodiments, the reference reports 202 and the coordination reports 206 and 208 may be CQI/PMI/PvI reports and may be configured in accordance with one of the 3 GPP LTE standards.

In joint transmission mode embodiments, the cooperating eNBs 106 may jointly transmit beamformed signals to the UE 104. In these embodiments, the serving eNB 102 may be configured to provide either the modified CQI or the selected MCS, and to provide the coordination PMIs (as well as the data for transmission) to the cooperating eNBs 106. The serving eNB 102 may also provide RB information to the cooperating eNBs 106. The cooperating eNBs 106 may to precode (using the coordination PMIs) and jointly transmit beamformed signals during the indicated RB to enable diversity reception by the UE 104. In these embodiments, each cooperating eNB 106 may simultaneously and synchronously transmit the same information by concurrent beamformed transmissions in accordance with the selected MCS thereby maximizing signal strength and signal quality. In these embodiments, the same RBs of an OFDMA frame may be used by the cooperating eNBs 106 for the joint transmission. In these embodiments, the RB information may be provided to the cooperating eNBs 106 over the backhaul links 105 (FIG. 1) to indicate the RBs to be used in the joint transmission to allow the cooperating eNBs 106 to coordinate transmissions.

In these joint transmission mode embodiments, the coordination PMI included in a coordination report 206 is for use by a cooperating eNB 106 for precoding joint transmissions to the UE 104 when operating in joint transmission mode. The coordination RI included in a coordination report 206 indicates a preferred transmission rank for use by a cooperating eNB 106 for precoding joint transmission to the UE 104 when operating in joint transmission mode. The coordination PMIs may be provided by the serving eNB 102 to the cooperating eNBs 106 over backhaul links 105 when operating in coordination mode and joint transmission mode. The selected MCS may also be provided by the serving eNB 102 to the cooperating eNBs 106 over the backhaul links 105 when operating in joint transmission mode.

FIG. 3 is a procedure for beamforming coordination with interference suppression in accordance with some embodiments. Procedure 300 may be performed by eNBs of a CoMP network, such as network 100 (FIG. 1) when operating in coordination mode. Operations 302 through 310 may be performed by a serving eNB, such as serving eNB 102 (FIG. 1), and operation 312 may be performed by one or more cooperating eNBs, such as cooperating eNBs 106 (FIG. 1).

Operation 302 comprises receiving a reference CQI and one or more coordination CQIs from a UE. The reference CQI may be selected by the UE based on direct channel information from the serving eNB. Each coordination CQI may be selected by the UE based on both the direct channel information and interfering channel information for each of the cooperating eNBs.

Operation 304 comprises receiving a reference PMI associated with the reference CQI and a coordination PMI associated with each coordination CQI from the UE. The serving eNB may provide the coordination PMIs to the cooperating eNBs over backhaul links. The serving eNB may also provide resource block information to the cooperating eNBs over the backhaul links. The resource block information may indicate the RB in an OFDMA frame to be used by the cooperating eNBs for interference suppression to the UE in operation 312 below.

Operation 306 comprises calculating a modified CQI from the reference CQI and the coordination CQIs.

Operation 308 comprises selecting a MCS based on the modified CQI and a precoding matrix based on the reference PMI. The MCS that is selected based on the modified CQI and may provide a greater data rate or throughput than an MCS that would be selected based solely on the reference CQI.

Operation 310 comprises precoding signals for transmission to the UE using the selected precoding matrix for a beamformed transmission in accordance with the selected MCS. Operation 312 comprises the one or more cooperating eNBs suppressing interference to the UE using the coordination PMIs during the allocated RB. In some embodiments, the cooperating eNBs use the coordination PMIs to adjust their beamformed transmissions within nearby cells to other UEs to suppress interference to the UE by applying beamforming vectors that are at least partially orthogonal to eigenvectors reported by the UE to the serving eNB in the form of the coordination PMIs.

Embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware and software. Embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer- readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein. A computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices and media. In some embodiments, eNBs 102 and 106, as well as UE 104 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer- readable storage device to perform the operations described herein.

The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. Section 1.72(b) requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to ascertain the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to limit or interpret the scope or meaning of the claims. The following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment.