CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATONS

[0001] The present application claims priority to and the benefit of United States patent application no. 62/240,083, “Corrugated Insulating Components” (filed September 2, 2021), the entirety of which application is incorporated herein by reference for any and all purposes.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of thermally insulating components.

BACKGROUND

[0003] To meet the need of transporting fluids in a temperature-controlled manner, existing approaches have utilized insulated tubing. Such tubing, however, can be rigid in nature, thereby limiting the ability of the tubing to accommodate fluid pathways that include curves and other non-linear portions. To the extent existing approaches employ curved tubing, such curved tubing does not always exhibit the necessary degree of insulating capability. Accordingly, there is a long-felt need in the art for insulating components that can accommodate curves and/or bends while also maintaining insulating capability.

SUMMARY

[0004] In meeting the described long-felt needs, the present disclosure first provides insulated conduits, comprising:

[0005] - an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end, [0006] the outer tube further comprising a corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the outer tube from the distal end of the outer tube toward the proximal end of the outer tube;

[0007] - an inner tube disposed within the outer tube, the inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen therein, [0008] the inner tube further comprising a corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the inner tube from the distal end of the inner tube toward the proximal end of the inner tube,

[0009] the outer tube and the inner tube defining a sealed insulating space therebetween,

[0010] at least one of the corrugated regions of the outer tube and the corrugated region of the inner tube comprising narrowed corrugations; and

[0011] (a) the inner tube and the outer tube being sealed to one another so as to at least partially define the sealed insulating space, or

[0012] (b) the insulated conduit further comprising a fitting, the fitting being sealed to at least one of the outer tube and the inner tube so as to at least partially define the sealed insulating space, or

[0013] (c) the insulated conduit further comprising a conduit stub (or conduit section), the conduit stub being sealed to at least one of the outer tube and the inner tube so as to at least partially define the sealed insulating space, or

[0014] (d) any two or more of (a), (b), and (c).

[0015] Also provided are methods, comprising communicating a fluid within an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure, e.g., according to any one of Aspects 1 to 27.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. Like numerals having different letter suffixes may represent different instances of similar components. The drawings illustrate generally, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, various aspects discussed in the present document. In the drawings:

[0017] FIGs. 1 A and IB provide an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG. 2 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 3 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure; [0020] FIG. 4 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0021] FIG. 5 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0022] FIG. 6 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0023] FIGs. 7A and 7B provide illustrative depictions of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0024] FIG. 8 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0025] FIG. 9 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0026] FIG. 10 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0027] FIG. 11 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0028] FIG. 12 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0029] FIG. 13 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0030] FIG. 14 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0031] FIG. 15 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0032] FIG. 16 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure;

[0033] FIG. 17 provides an illustrated depiction of a fitting according to the present disclosure;

[0034] FIG. 18 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure; and

[0035] FIG. 19 provides an illustrative depiction of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

[0036] The present disclosure may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of desired embodiments and the examples included therein.

[0037] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In case of conflict, the present document, including definitions, will control. Preferred methods and materials are described below, although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in practice or testing. All publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. The materials, methods, and examples disclosed herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

[0038] The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0039] As used in the specification and in the claims, the term "comprising" may include the embodiments "consisting of' and "consisting essentially of.” The terms “comprise(s),” “include(s),” “having,” “has,” “can,” “contain(s),” and variants thereof, as used herein, are intended to be open-ended transitional phrases, terms, or words that require the presence of the named ingredients/steps and permit the presence of other ingredients/steps. However, such description should be construed as also describing compositions or processes as "consisting of' and "consisting essentially of' the enumerated ingredients/steps, which allows the presence of only the named ingredients/steps, along with any impurities that might result therefrom, and excludes other ingredients/steps.

[0040] As used herein, the terms “about” and “at or about” mean that the amount or value in question can be the value designated some other value approximately or about the same. It is generally understood, as used herein, that it is the nominal value indicated ±10% variation unless otherwise indicated or inferred. The term is intended to convey that similar values promote equivalent results or effects recited in the claims. That is, it is understood that amounts, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are not and need not be exact, but can be approximate and/or larger or smaller, as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding off, measurement error and the like, and other factors known to those of skill in the art. In general, an amount, size, formulation, parameter or other quantity or characteristic is “about” or “approximate” whether or not expressly stated to be such. It is understood that where “about” is used before a quantitative value, the parameter

[0041] Unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical values should be understood to include numerical values which are the same when reduced to the same number of significant figures and numerical values which differ from the stated value by less than the experimental error of conventional measurement technique of the type described in the present application to determine the value.

[0042] All ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the recited endpoint and independently of the endpoints (e.g., "between 2 grams and 10 grams, and all the intermediate values includes 2 grams, 10 grams, and all intermediate values"). The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value; they are sufficiently imprecise to include values approximating these ranges and/or values. All ranges are combinable.

[0043] As used herein, approximating language may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that may vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about” and “substantially,” may not be limited to the precise value specified, in some cases. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. The modifier “about” should also be considered as disclosing the range defined by the absolute values of the two endpoints. For example, the expression “from about 2 to about 4” also discloses the range “from 2 to 4.” The term “about” may refer to plus or minus 10% of the indicated number. For example, “about 10%” may indicate a range of 9% to 11%, and “about 1” may mean from 0.9-1.1. Other meanings of “about” may be apparent from the context, such as rounding off, so, for example “about 1” may also mean from 0.5 to 1.4. Further, the term “comprising” should be understood as having its open-ended meaning of “including,” but the term also includes the closed meaning of the term “consisting.” For example, a composition that comprises components A and B may be a composition that includes A, B, and other components, but may also be a composition made of A and B only. Any documents cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entireties for any and all purposes.

[0044] As explained in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,681,299 and 7,374,063 (incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for any and all purposes), the geometry of an insulating space can be such that it guides gas molecules within the space toward a vent or other exit from the space. The width of the vacuum insulating space need not be uniform throughout the length of the space. The space can include an angled portion such that one surface that defines the space converges toward another surface that defines the space. An insulating space can include a material (e.g., a ceramic thread, a ceramic ribbon, or other material) that reduces or eliminates direct contact between the walls between which the insulating space is formed.

[0045] As a result, the distance separating the surfaces can vary adjacent the vent such the distance is at a minimum adjacent the location at which the vent communicates with the vacuum space. The interaction between gas molecules and the variable-distance portion during conditions of low molecule concentration serves to direct the gas molecules toward the vent.

[0046] The molecule-guiding geometry of the space provides for a deeper vacuum to be sealed within the space than that which is imposed on the exterior of the structure to evacuate the space. This somewhat counterintuitive result of deeper vacuum within the space is achieved because the geometry of the present invention significantly increases the probability that a gas molecule will leave the space rather than enter. In effect, the geometry of the insulating space functions like a check valve to facilitate free passage of gas molecules in one direction (via the exit pathway defined by vent) while blocking passage in the opposite direction.

[0047] Another benefit associated with the deeper vacuums provided by the geometry of insulating space is that it is achievable without the need for a getter material within the evacuated space. The ability to develop such deep vacuums without a getter material provides for deeper vacuums in devices of miniature scale and devices having insulating spaces of narrow width where space constraints would limit the use of a getter material.

[0048] Other vacuum-enhancing features can also be included, such as low- emissivity coatings on the surfaces that define the vacuum space. The reflective surfaces of such coatings, generally known in the art, tend to reflect heat-transferring rays of radiant energy. Limiting passage of the radiant energy through the coated surface enhances the insulating effect of the vacuum space.

[0049] In some embodiments, an article can comprise first and second walls spaced at a distance to define an insulating space therebetween and a vent communicating with the insulating space to provide an exit pathway for gas molecules from the insulating space. The vent is sealable for maintaining a vacuum within the insulating space following evacuation of gas molecules through the vent.

[0050] The distance between the first and second walls is variable in a portion of the insulating space adjacent the vent such that gas molecules within the insulating space are directed towards the vent during evacuation of the insulating space. The direction of the gas molecules towards the vent imparts to the gas molecules a greater probability of egress than ingress with respect to the insulating space, thereby providing a deeper vacuum without requiring a getter material in the insulating space.

[0051] The construction of structures having gas molecule guiding geometry according to the present invention is not limited to any particular category of materials. Suitable materials for forming structures incorporating insulating spaces according to the present invention include, for example, metals, ceramics, metalloids, or combinations thereof

[0052] The convergence of the space provides guidance of molecules in the following manner. When the gas molecule concentration becomes sufficiently low during evacuation of the space such that structure geometry becomes a first order effect, the converging walls of the variable distance portion of the space channel gas molecules in the space toward the vent.

[0053] The geometry of the converging wall portion of the vacuum space functions like a check valve or diode because the probability that a gas molecule will leave the space, rather than enter, is greatly increased.

[0054] The effect that the molecule-guiding geometry of structure has on the relative probabilities of molecule egress versus entry can be understood by analogizing the converging-wall portion of the vacuum space to a funnel that is confronting a flow of particles.

[0055] Depending on the orientation of the funnel with respect to the particle flow, the number of particles passing through the funnel would vary greatly. It is clear that a greater number of particles will pass through the funnel when the funnel is oriented such that the particle flow first contacts the converging surfaces of the funnel inlet rather than the funnel outlet.

[0056] Various examples of devices incorporating a converging wall exit geometry for an insulating space to guide gas particles from the space like a funnel are provided herein. It should be understood that the gas guiding geometry of the invention is not limited to a converging-wall funneling construction and may, instead, utilize other forms of gas molecule guiding geometries.

[0057] Some exemplary vacuum-insulated spaces (and related techniques for forming and using such spaces) can be found in, e.g., PCT/US2017/020651;

PCT/US2017/061529; PCT/US2017/061558; PCT/US2017/061540; and United States published patent applications 2017/0253416; 2017/0225276; 2017/0120362; 2017/0062774; 2017/0043938; 2016/0084425; 2015/0260332; 2015/0110548; 2014/0090737; 2012/0090817; 2011/0264084; 2008/0121642; and 2005/0211711, all incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for any and all purposes. Such a space can be termed an Insulon™ space. It should be understood, however, that the foregoing constructions are illustrative only and that the disclosed technology need not necessarily be made according to any of the foregoing constructions.

[0058] Figures

[0059] The attached figures are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure or the appended figures. For the reader’s convenience, the following is a listing of the elements in the figures

[0060] 100 = Narrowed corrugation

[0061] 102 = Upper portion

[0062] 104 = Lower portion

[0063] 104a = Lower flare portion (optional)

[0064] 106 = Transition region (between upper portion 102 and lower portion 104)

[0065] 108 = Linkage between adjacent narrowed corrugation

[0066] 108a, 108b = Uncorrugated sections of tube

[0067] 200 = Conduit segment (also termed a “conduit stub” or “pipe stub” in some instances)

[0068] 202 = Ferrule

[0069] 204 = Outer wall

[0070] 206 = Inner wall

[0071] 208 = Sealed insulating space (example sealed, evacuated insulating spaces and related techniques for forming and using such spaces can be found in, e.g., PCT/US2017/020651; PCT/US2017/061529; PCT/US2017/061558; PCT/US2017/061540; and United States published patent applications 2017/0253416; 2017/0225276; 2017/0120362; 2017/0062774; 2017/0043938; 2016/0084425; 2015/0260332; 2015/0110548; 2014/0090737; 2012/0090817; 2011/0264084; 2008/0121642; and 2005/0211711, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for any and all purposes).

[0072] 210 = Lumen (within inner wall)

[0073] 212 = Fitting

[0074] 214 = Metallic amalgamation

[0075] 216 = Braided sheath

[0076] 218 = Fitting

[0077] 218a = Cutaway region of fitting

[0078] 219 = Tapered edge of end fitting

[0079] FIG. 1 A provides a view of an example narrowed corrugation 100. As shown, narrowed corrugation 100 can include an upper portion 102 that is connected via transition portion 106 to a lower portion 104. The transition portion 106 can be curved, e.g., so as to confer a substantially omega-shaped cross-sectional profile on corrugation 100. The corrugation 100 can be shaped such that the corrugation defines a widest width D2, which is measured as the widest portion of the corrugation. Corrugation 100 can also optionally include a lower flare portion 104a (as shown), which lower flare portion can flare outwardly, toward the sides of the corrugation. Lower flare portion can, e.g., be perpendicular to lower portion 104. As shown in FIG. 1 A, transition portion 106 can be curved. Lower portion 104 can be substantially straight, but can also be curved. As shown in FIG. IB, linkage 108 can extend from lower portion 104; linkage 108 can also extend from lower flare portion 104a when present. Linkage 108 can be substantially straight; linkage 108 can also be curved.

[0080] A narrowed corrugation 100 can also define a smallest width DI, which can be measured at the narrowest (i.e., least wide) portion of the corrugation. DI can be smaller than D2, e.g., the ratio ofD2:Dl can be 10: 1, 9: 1, 8: 1, 7: 1, 6: 1, 5: 1, 4: 1, 3: 1, 2: 1, 1.9: 1, 1.8: 1, 1.7:1, 1.6: 1, 1.5: 1, 1.4: 1, 1.3: 1, 1.2: 1, 1.1 : 1, and even 1.05: 1, and all intermediate ranges. The ratio of D2:D1 can be, e.g., from about 3: 1 to about 1.05: 1, from about 2: l to about 1.5:1, or even about 1.25: 1.

[0081] As shown, the transition portion 106 can define an angle 0, which angle can be from about 0.5 degrees to about 89.5 degrees, as measured from the vertical (as shown). The angle 9 can be, e.g., from about 0.5 to about 89.5 degrees, from about 5 to about 85 degrees, from about 10 to about 80 degrees, from about 15 to about 80 degrees, from about 20 to about 75 degrees, from about 35 to about 70 degrees, from about 40 to about 65 degrees, from about 45 to about 60 degrees, or even from about 50 to 55 degrees.

[0082] As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of corrugations 100 can be arranged next to one another, with adjacent corrugations 100 being connected by a linkage 108. In this way, a tube comprising multiple corrugations can be formed. A tube can, however, include an uncorrugated region. For example, one or both ends of a tube can comprise an uncorrugated section, as shown by elements 108a and 108b in FIG. 2. An uncorrugated section can be used to join a tube to another element, such as a fitting or another tube.

[0083] As shown in FIG. 2, corrugations 100 can be part of a tube (not labeled) that defines a lumen 108c therein. Lumen 108c can define a central axis 108d therein. The lower portion 104 of a given corrugation can, in some cases, extend perpendicularly outward from central axis 108c, though this is not an absolute requirement.

[0084] As shown in FIG. 2, linkage 108 can, in some cases, be curved (e.g., concave toward lumen 108c or concave away from lumen 108c). Linkage 108 can also, in some cases, be substantially straight (as shown by 108e), e.g., parallel to central axis 108d. A given set of corrugations can include only curved linkages, only straight linkages, or a mixture of curved linkages and straight linkages.

[0085] FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which corrugations 100 are linked by other corrugations 100 that face the opposite direction. Without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment, such a configuration (i.e., having corrugations that face outwardly and also corrugations that face inwardly) can provide useful mechanical properties.

[0086] FIG. 4 illustrates a further embodiment in which a tube comprising narrowed corrugations 100 are brazed to conduit segment 200 (also termed a “pipe stub” in some instances.) In this way, a tube that comprises corrugations 100 can be mated to a conduit segment 200 such that material communicated through conduit segment 200 can then be enclosed within the tube that comprises narrowed corrugations 100. Although not shown in FIG. 4, a tube that comprises corrugations can also include an uncorrugated region (e.g., at the end of the tube), which uncorrugated region can be attached to the conduit segment, e.g., via brazing. [0087] FIG. 5 provides a view of an example insulated conduit according to the present disclosure. As shown, outer wall 204 (which can be a tube) comprises a plurality of narrowed corrugations 100. Similarly, inner wall 206 (which can be a tube) can comprises a plurality of narrowed corrugations 100. It should be understood, however, that the corrugations of outer wall 204 can differ from the corrugations of inner wall 206. For example, the corrugations of outer wall 204 can differ in pitch from the corrugations of inner wall 206. (Pitch can be measured from the center of the upper portion 102 of a first corrugation to the center of the upper portion of the adjacent corrugation.) A region of a component according to the present disclosure can include a portion having corrugations of one pitch, and a portion having corrugations of another, different pitch. The corrugations of outer wall 204 can differ in height from the corrugations of inner wall 206. The corrugations of outer wall 204 can differ in cross-sectional profile from the corrugations of inner wall 206.

[0088] As shown in FIG. 5, conduit segment 200 can have arranged thereabout a ferrule 202, which ferrule can also, in some instances, be considered a fitting. Inner wall 206 can be attached (e.g., via brazing) to conduit segment 200 and/or to ferrule 202; as shown, ferrule 202 can include a tapered portion (e.g., an edge), against which one or both of outer wall 204 and inner wall 206 can be attached. Without being bound to any particular theory, a tapered portion of the ferrule/fitting can aid in attachment to the inner/outer wall, as the tapered portion can be wedged into or against the wall to which the portion is being attached.

[0089] A further embodiment is provided in FIG. 6. As shown, fitting 212 can include a recessed portion (not labeled) into which an end of inner wall 206 is inserted. Also inserted into the recessed portion is a braided sheath 216. A metallic amalgamation 214 (which can include a metallic component and also a ceramic component) can be used to secure the inner wall 206 and the braided sheath 216 within the recessed portion. As shown, lumen 210 can be defined within inner wall 206. Also as shown, outer wall 204 can be secured (e.g., via brazing) to fitting 212, and sealed insulating space 208 can be defined between outer wall 204 and inner wall 206.

[0090] As shown, metallic amalgamation 214 can effectively secure an end of inner wall 206 to an end of braided sheath 216. Without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment, this can help to control thermally-induced expansion (e.g., lengthening) of inner wall 206, as the inner wall 206 cannot lengthen beyond the length of braided sheath 216. Similarly, braided sheath 216 can also reduce or even prevent thermally-driven radial expansion of inner wall 206. (Although not shown in FIG. 6, each end of braided sheath 216 can be secured to an end of inner wall 206.) It should also be understood that some of metallic amalgamation 214 can seep into braided sheath 216, which can in turn give rise to a stiffened region of braided sheath 216 that can act as a strain relief for the bendable conduit.

[0091] Without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment, braided sheath 216 can also improve pressure resistance. For example, if a pressurized fluid is present in lumen 210, braided sheath 216 can help to resist the effect on inner wall 206 of the outward pressure of that fluid.

[0092] Likewise, some of metallic amalgamation 214 can seep into inner wall 206, which can likewise give rise to insulating pockets (i.e., where the metallic amalgamation seals a corrugation) that act as insulators and/or a stiffened region of inner wall 206 that can act as a strain relief for the bendable conduit. Such a pocket can define an internal pressure at or about equal to the pressure of the sealed insulating space defined between the outer well and the inner wall. Such a pocket can also, as discussed, provide thermal insulation, as the space enclosed within the pocket interrupts the heat pathway across fitting 212, as shown in FIG. 6.

[0093] FIGs. 7A and 7B provide a further embodiment of the disclosed technology. As shown, a component can include a conduit segment 200, within which is defined lumen 210. Inner wall 206 can be joined to conduit segment 200, e.g., via brazing or other technique known to those of skill in the art. A component can further include fitting 218, which fitting 218 can also include tapered portion 219 (which can be an edge). Fitting 218 can be attached directly (e.g., via welding, via brazing, and/or by other methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art) to conduit segment 200. Alternatively, fitting 218 can be attached indirectly (e.g., via one or more intervening structures) to conduit segment 200.

[0094] Outer wall 204 can be joined to fitting 218 (as shown); by interference fitting the tapered portion 219 of fitting 218 against a corrugation (it should be understood that “corrugation” can also be termed “convolution”) of outer wall 204, one can effect a robust joint between the outer wall 204 and the fitting 218; outer wall 204 can be brazed to fitting 218. Also as shown, sealed insulating space 208 can be defined between outer wall 204 and inner wall 206. As shown, fitting 218 is engaged with a portion (270) of a corrugation, which portion can be curled. This is not a requirement, however. As shown in FIG. 7B (which is identical to FIG. 7A apart from the configuration of portion 270a), fitting 218 can be engaged with a substantially straight portion 270a of a corrugation. Without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment, the configuration shown in FIG. 7B (which utilizes substantially straight portion 270a as the contact surface between outer wall 204 and fitting 218) can allow for additional surface area contact between the outer wall 204 and fitting 218.

[0095] A further embodiment is shown in FIG. 8. As shown, fitting 218 can define a portion (219) that extends into sealed insulating space 208 that is defined between inner wall 206 and outer wall 204. Without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment, this can ease assembly of the components and/or can enhance the sealing between fitting 218 and one or both of inner wall 206 and outer wall 204. As shown, lumen 210 can be defined within conduit segment 200.

[0096] FIG. 9 provides an embodiment similar to FIG. 8, except that in FIG. 9, fitting 218 further defines cutaway portion 218a. Without being bound to any particular theory, cutaway portion 218a can reduce heat transfer across fitting 218, as the cutaway effectively lengthens the heat pathway across fitting 218, i.e., from the side of the fitting that faces lumen 210 to the side of the fitting that faces outer wall 204 and the environment exterior to outer wall 204.

[0097] FIG. 10 provides a further embodiment of the disclosed technology. As shown, conduit segment 210 can include a portion that flares outwardly (i.e., toward outer wall 204). As shown, both outer wall 204 and inner wall 206 can be attached to conduit segment 200. As with other embodiments described elsewhere herein, sealed insulating space 208 can be defined between outer wall 204 and inner wall 206. Likewise, lumen 210 can be defined within inner wall 206 and/or conduit segment 200.

[0098] FIG. 11 provides a further embodiment of the disclosed technology. As shown, inner wall 206 can be attached to conduit segment 200, e.g., via brazing. Lumen 210 can be defined within conduit segment 210 and/or inner wall 204. Fitting 218 (which can be attached to conduit segment 200) can define a tapered portion 219, against which outer wall 204 can be attached, e.g., via brazing. Sealed insulating space 208 can be defined between inner wall 206 and outer wall 204; as shown, tapered portion 219 can extend into sealed insulating space 208. [0099] FIG. 12 provides an alternative embodiment in which conduit segment 200 can itself include a flange or other projection that acts as a fitting to which one or both of inner wall 206 and outer wall 204 can be attached. As shown in FIG. 12, the flange (not labeled) that projects from conduit segment 200 can include a portion that extends into sealed insulating space 208 that is defined between outer wall 204 and inner wall 206. The flange can include a tapered portion, which can - without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment -can ease assembly of the components and/or can enhance the sealing between fitting 218 and one or both of inner wall 206 and outer wall 204. As shown, lumen 210 can be defined within conduit segment 200.

[00100] FIG. 13 provides an overhead view of a convolution according to the present disclosure. Without being bound to any particular theory, the transition portion between the upper portion of a convolution and the lower portion of the convolution can help to enhance the flexibility /bendability of the convolution.

[00101] FIG. 14 provides a cutaway view of an illustrative component according to the present disclosure. As shown, a corrugation 100 can include curved upper portion 102, with transition portion 106 (also curved) connected to substantially straight lower portion 104, which can - as discussed herein - be orthogonal to the major axis of the component lumen. Linkage 108 can be substantially straight, as shown.

[00102] An alternative component is shown in FIG. 15. As shown, upper portion 102 can be curved, transition portion 106 can be curved, lower portion 104 can be curved, and linkage 108 can also be curved.

[00103] FIG. 16 provides a further view of a component according to the present disclosure.

[00104] More specifically, heat can be applied from exterior to the component (e.g., in an oven or furnace) to effect excitation of the molecules within what will become the sealed insulating space 174 (which can be at a reduced pressure, as described herein), which heat can be applied in addition to a vacuum pump applied to the space outside of sealed insulating space 174, which sealed insulating space will be at reduced pressure relative to the exterior of the space. As shown, the disclosed configuration presents a comparatively large corrugation head 162 (outside of what will become the sealed insulating space) that allows for circulation of molecules, related to the application of heat 164. Inside what will become the sealed insulating space, a rotational flow of molecules 166 within a corrugation can arise due to the Venturi effect, which rotational flow can contribute to molecules exiting the space in the direction of molecular flow. As shown, a corrugation can include a reduced corrugation throat 170 to enhance the Venturi effect. A fitting (e.g., sealing ring 172) can be used to seal insulating space 174. The sealing ring can be angled as shown, e.g., having a wedge-shaped profile. The sealing ring can also be tubular or semi-tubular (e.g., a revolved semicircle) in profile; the sealing ring can have a portion that extends into insulating space 174.

[00105] FIG. 16 shows linkage 108 engaged with sealing ring 172. While linkage 108 in FIG. 16 is shown as curled/curved, it should be understood that linkage 108 can be substantially straight, e.g., to engage with sealing ring 172.

[00106] Thus - and without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment - the presence of corrugations can facilitate an improved sealed insulating space as well as improved evacuation of the space; evacuation can be accomplished by placing the part in a heated vessel so as to excite molecules within the space between the inner wall and outer wall and then sealing the space. The gap in the neck of the encourages molecules to exit (as shown in FIG. 16) due to centrifugal force. The circulation can in some cases be generally in a direction reverse from the flow of molecules being evacuated from the vacuum space; e.g., each end of the vacuum space will have an opposite rotation.

[00107] As shown, heat is applied to the corrugation to further excite the molecules; the Venturi effect can be greatest in the laminar flow phase of evacuation of the space. Again without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment, this effect can cause the vacuum space to be more quickly and more fully evacuated in the early stage of evacuations. The centrifugal force effect can continue from the laminar flow phase to the molecular flow phase of the evacuation of the space due to the shape of the corrugation, which corrugation can be omega-shaped. (See, e.g., FIG. 1 A and FIG. 2, which illustrate omega-shaped corrugations according to the present disclosure.) This effect can apply during the early stage of evacuation as well as the later stages of evacuation.

[00108] The narrower neck of the omega corrugation can encourage molecules to exit the head of the corrugation while limiting their entrance into the corrugation during evacuation, and the corrugation fully encloses the lumen thus encouraging a band of circulation around the lumen. By having corrugations present in series, one can increase the efficiency and/or effectiveness of the evacuation of the insulating space. Without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment, omega-configured corrugations can also confer useful (and improved) bending characteristics on the conduit.

[00109] FIG. 17 provides a view of a fitting according to the present disclosure. As shown, a fitting can include outer wall 171 and inner wall 175. As shown, outer wall can converge toward inner wall 5 along the length of outer wall along major axis 178; i.e., the outer wall and the inner wall need not be parallel to one another. (Outer wall 171 can be, as shown, sealed to inner wall 175. Inner wall 175 can define lumen 174a therein, and outer wall can enclose space 176 therein. As shown, inner wall 175 can include a portion 172 that extends into space 176 enclosed by outer wall 171. Space 176 can be sealed and maintained at a reduced pressure.

[00110] As shown, portion 172 can converge in a direction opposite the convergence of outer wall 171, as shown, i.e., outer wall 171 can converge in a direction along major axis 178, and portion 172 can converge in the opposite direction along major axis 178. Inner wall 175 can be straight along major axis 178; i.e., inner wall (not including portion 172) is substantially unchanged in inner diameter along major axis 8.

[00111] FIG. 18 provides a view of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure. As shown, outer wall 181 can be sealed to inner wall 186; inner wall 186 can define lumen 188 therein. Vent 1810 can be formed at the seal between outer wall 181 and inner wall 186; such a vent can be according to any one or more of PCT/US2017/020651; PCT/US2017/061529; PCT/US2017/061558; PCT/US2017/061540; and United States published patent applications 2017/0253416; 2017/0225276; 2017/0120362; 2017/0062774; 2017/0043938; 2016/0084425; 2015/0260332; 2015/0110548; 2014/0090737; 2012/0090817; 2011/0264084;

2008/0121642; and 2005/0211711, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. As shown, outer wall 181 can include bend 187 nearby to vent 1810; without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment, the presence of bend 187 within space 189 enclosed by outer wall 181 can encourage molecules within space 189 toward vent 187 when heat, vacuum, or both is applied.

[00112] Inner wall 186 can include portion 182 that extends into space 189 enclosed by outer wall 118. As shown, outer wall 181 can converge along a direction (e.g., along major axis 185 toward inner wall 186; portion 182 can converge in an opposite direction. [00113] Outer corrugated wall 4 can be sealed to outer wall 181. Such sealing can be accomplished by one or more sealing locations 1812. The insulating conduit can include one or more molecule traps 1814 that are formed between outer corrugated wall 184 and outer wall 181 - without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment, such molecule traps can improve the thermal insulating capabilities of the conduit. It should be understood that the corrugations can be, e.g., according to the present disclosure. As an example, corrugations can be omega-shaped in configuration. This is, however, not a requirement.

[00114] Inner corrugated wall 3 can be sealed to portion 182 of inner wall 186. As shown, such sealing can be accomplished by one or more sealing locations 1813. The insulating conduit can include one or more molecule traps 1813a that are formed between outer corrugated wall 184 and inner wall portion 182 - without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment, molecule traps can improve the thermal insulating capabilities of the conduit.

[00115] As shown, outer corrugated wall 184 and inner corrugated wall 183 can converge toward/away from one another, as measured along major axis 185. Without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment, such a configuration can enhance the exit of molecules from the evacuated insulating space 184a between outer corrugated wall 184 and inner corrugated wall 183. This can be particularly true in the case where the inner and outer wall narrow as they approach the end of the vacuum space. This narrowing increases the speed of the molecules as they approach the vents. This in turn increases the venturi effect, as described earlier, when evacuating the omega style corrugations. As space 189 is in fluid communication with space 184a, space 189 can also be evacuated and therefore insulating. Space 184a is suitably a sealed insulating space, and is also suitably at a reduced pressure; such pressures are described elsewhere herein.

[00116] FIG. 19 provides a further insulating conduit according to the present disclosure. As shown, fitting 199 can be engaged with wall 196, which wall defines a lumen 198 therein. Fitting 199 can include outer surface 191 as well as feature 197, which feature (e.g., a groove) can be used for engagement with other components and/or to facilitate assembly of the component. Fitting 199 can form a vent 197a with wall 196.

[00117] Wall 196 can include portion 192, which portion can vary in inner or outer diameter in a direction along major axis 195. Outer corrugated wall 194 and inner corrugated wall 1910 can define sealed insulated space 194a therebetween; suitable such sealed spaces are described elsewhere herein.

[00118] Outer corrugated wall 194 can be sealed to fitting 199; such sealing can be accomplished by brazing, and outer corrugated wall can be sealed at multiple locations (i.e., at multiple corrugations) to fitting 199. As shown, outer corrugated wall 194 can be sealed to fitting 199 so as to define a molecule trap 193, which is a sealed chamber. Without being bound to any particular theory, a molecule trap can be used to sequester molecules exiting a sealed insulating space being formed. Also without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment, molecule traps and/or multiple sealing locations (e.g., 1812 in FIG. 18) can increase the tensile strength of the component. Molecule traps and multiple sealing locations can also trap excess braze material and move braze material further away from the sealed insulating space. Braze can also be moved away from the inner wall of the sealed insulated space. This is advantageous because the inner wall of the evacuated space is typically the one that is exposed to the most extreme temperatures. Minimizing the presence of excess braze in this area can also reduce the heat paths available for the transfer of temperature from the inner wall of the vacuum space to the outer wall of the vacuum space. Additionally, multiple sealing locations (and their associated multiple corrugations) can act as a heat sink and/or lengthen the effective heat path along the corrugation, thereby improving the performance of the component.

[00119] Fitting 199 can include chamfer 1913; without being bound to any particular theory, chamfer 1913 can form a funnel (i.e., a variable-distance structure) with a portion of a corrugation of outer corrugated wall 194, which funnel can encourage molecules toward vent 193a where outer corrugated wall 194 is sealed to fitting 199.

[00120] Inner corrugated wall 1910 can be sealed to portion 192 of wall 196. As shown, inner corrugated wall 10 can be sealed at multiple locations (i.e., at multiple corrugations) to portion 192. Although not labeled, inner corrugated wall 1910 can be sealed to portion so as to define a molecule trap, which is a sealed chamber. Depending on the user’s needs, outer corrugated wall 4 and inner corrugated wall 1910 can be substantially parallel to one another as measured along major axis 195. This is not a requirement, however, as outer corrugated wall 194 and inner corrugated wall can also converge/diverge relative to one another as measured along major axis 195. [00121] As shown, sealed insulating space 194a can be defined between outer corrugated wall 194 and inner corrugated wall 10; space 4a is suitably at a reduced pressure.

[00122] Also as shown in FIG. 19, fitting 199 can include channel 1914, which channel can act as a passageway (and vent) to space 194a. As further shown in FIG. 19, fitting 199 can include a chamfer 1916, which chamber 1916 can form a region of variable distance that encourages molecules within space 4a toward channel 1914 and vent 197a. As shown, an end of inner corrugated tube 1910 can form an opening through which molecules exiting space 194a enter and are encouraged to enter channel 1914; as shown, space 1912 is available for this molecular movement. Without being bound by any particular theory or embodiment, such a configuration can facilitate the evacuation of molecules from space 194a.

[00123] Without being bound to any particular theory or embodiment, the disclosed technology allows for improved evacuation of insulating spaces. By reference to FIG. 18, the presence of vent 1810 along with sealing locations 1812 and 1813 (which sealing locations also function as vents) can enhance the removal of molecules and sealing of insulating space 184a. The sealing locations can be present in series or in parallel; as shown, sealing locations 1812 are present in series.

[00124] As shown, the multiple vents can cooperate to help evacuate space 184a, as molecules exiting space 184a are provided with multiple points of egress, which in turn facilitates the efficient removal of the molecules from space 184a. As described herein, the presence of multiple vents 1812 also gives rise to multiple molecule traps (similar to molecule traps 1813a). Such molecule traps sequester molecules that have left space 184a and prevent such molecules from re-entering space 184a. As shown in FIG. 18, the curvature of a corrugation of outer wall 184 can form a funnel where the apex of the corrugation is sealed to outer wall 181 (e.g., at location 1812). Such a funnel can encourage molecules from space 184a to egress space 184a.

[00125] The seal between inner wall 183 and portion 182 can also provide a vent through which molecules from space 184a and/or space 189 can egress. As shown, the curvature of a corrugation of inner wall 183 can form a funnel where the apex of the corrugation is sealed to portion 182 (e.g., at location 1813). Such a funnel can encourage molecules from space 184a to egress space 184a. In this way, molecules that are initially present in space 184a and/or space 189 have multiple egress options. [00126] FIG. 19 provides a further example of the disclosed technology. As shown, a first vent that allows molecular egress from space 194a is located proximate to chamfer 1916, which vent then encourages molecules toward channel 1914. As shown, section 1915 of a corrugation of inner wall 1910 can be located nearby to chamfer 1916 and the vent associated with that chamfer, and section 1915 can encourage molecules toward the chamfer and the vent. As shown in FIG. 19, inner wall 1910 can be sealed to portion 192 at multiple locations, e.g., at the apices of corrugations along the length of inner wall 1910. As discussed elsewhere herein, the presence of multiple sealing locations can enhance component performance. Further, the sealing of an apex of inner wall 1910 to portion 192 provides a further vent through which molecules located in space 194a can exit, thereby providing a further path (besides channel 1914) through which molecules can egress.

[00127] Outer wall 194 can be sealed to fitting 199 (as shown) at multiple locations, e.g., at an apex of a corrugation of outer wall 194 or at the apices of multiple corrugations of outer wall 194. As discussed herein (and as shown), the multiple sealing locations can enhance component performance, and can also provide molecular traps. The sealing of outer wall 194 to fitting 199 provides a further egress path for molecules in space 194a to use when exiting. In this way, a component according to the present disclosure provides multiple (e.g., three) egress pathways for molecules to use, which in turn can improve the evacuation of molecules from space 194a. (As discussed elsewhere herein, such evacuation can be effected by application of heat and/or vacuum.)

[00128] Aspects

[00129] The following Aspects are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure or the appended claims. It should be understood that any one or more parts of any Aspect or Aspects can be combined with any one or more parts of any other Aspect or Aspects.

[00130] Aspect 1. An insulated conduit, comprising:

[00131] - an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end, [00132] the outer tube further comprising a corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the outer tube from the distal end of the outer tube toward the proximal end of the outer tube;

[00133] - an inner tube disposed within the outer tube, the inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen therein, [00134] the inner tube further comprising a corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the inner tube from the distal end of the inner tube toward the proximal end of the inner tube,

[00135] the outer tube and the inner tube defining a sealed insulating space therebetween,

[00136] at least one of the corrugated region of the outer tube and the corrugated region of the inner tube comprising at least one narrowed corrugation; and

[00137] (a) the inner tube and the outer tube being sealed to one another so as to at least partially define the sealed insulating space, or

[00138] (b) the insulated conduit further comprising a fitting, the fitting being sealed to at least one of the outer tube and the inner tube so as to at least partially define the sealed insulating space, or

[00139] (c) the insulated conduit further comprising a conduit stub (or conduit section), the conduit stub being sealed to at least one of the outer tube and the inner tube so as to at least partially define the sealed insulating space, or

[00140] (d) any two or more of (a), (b), and (c).

[00141] A “narrowed corrugation” can be, e.g., a corrugation as shown and described in FIG. 1 A. A “conduit stub” or “conduit section” can be, e.g., a segment of pipe/tube that places the insulated conduit into fluid communication with another element. For example, a conduit stub can be a segment of pipe connected to a pump or other unit, which pump or other unit is then in fluid communication with the insulated conduit. It should also be understood that a conduit stub can be attached to the inner tube and/or outer tube in the same manner as a fitting. A fitting can in some cases be a dead-end (e.g., a cup), but this is not a requirement, as a fitting can be a ring or other component having a hole therein. Example fittings are found in, e.g., United States patent 11,204,127, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference for any and all purposes.

[00142] A sealed insulating space can be at a pressure of, e.g., from about 10' ¹ Torr to about 10' ⁹ Torr (and all intermediate values and ranges), or from about 10' ² Torr to about 10' ⁸ Torr, or from about 10' ³ Torr to about 10' ⁷ Torr, or from about 10' ⁴ Torr to about 10' ⁶ Torr, or even at about 10' ⁵ Torr.

[00143] It should be understood that an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure can defined therein a curved flow path for fluid. As an example, an insulated conduit can define a bend of, e.g., 5, 10, 15, 0, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, or even more degrees. The insulated conduit can be manufactured such that it is hand-bendable, although this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, the insulated conduit is not hand-bendable and is instead machine-bendable.

[00144] Aspect 2. The insulated conduit of Aspect 1, wherein the fitting is sealed to the outer tube.

[00145] Aspect 3. The insulated conduit of Aspect 1, wherein the fitting is sealed to the inner tube.

[00146] Aspect 4. The insulated conduit of any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the fitting defines a Morse taper.

[00147] Aspect 5. The insulated conduit of any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the fitting comprises a portion to which the outer tube is sealed or to which the inner tube is sealed, the portion optionally flaring in the direction of the outer tube.

[00148] Aspect 6. The insulated conduit of any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the fitting extends beyond the proximal end of the outer tube, wherein the fitting extends beyond the proximal end of the inner tube, or wherein the fitting extends beyond the proximal end of the outer tube and beyond the proximal end of the inner tube.

[00149] Aspect 7. The insulated conduit of Aspect 1, wherein the fitting comprises a flange, the flange extending into a space between the outer tube and the inner tube, and the flange optionally thinning in the direction of the flange’s extension into the space between the outer tube and the inner tube.

[00150] Aspect 8. The insulated conduit of Aspect 7, wherein the flange defines a cutaway formed therein such that a line drawn radially outward from the inner tube to the outer tube through the flange crosses the cutaway.

[00151] Aspect 9. The insulated conduit of any one of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein the fitting defines a groove, the groove configured to receive the proximal end of the inner tube.

[00152] Aspect 10. The insulated conduit of Aspect 9, wherein the proximal end of the inner tube is sealed to the groove.

[00153] Aspect 11. The insulated conduit of Aspect 10, wherein the proximal end of the inner tube is sealed to the groove with a metallic amalgamation.

[00154] An example of the foregoing is provided in FIG. 6, in which an end of inner tube (i.e., inner wall 206) is sealed to a recessed portion (groove) of fitting 212 via amalgamation 214. Without being bound to any particular theory, a ceramic portion of the amalgamation can act to reduce conductive heat flow across fitting 212. An amalgamation material (e.g., such a material that includes a metal portion and a ceramic portion) can be used to form some or all of any one or more of outer wall 204, inner wall 206, braided sheath 216, and fitting 212. Again without being bound to any particular theory, an amalgamation can be a material that has a lower thermal conductivity than a metallic component of the amalgamation.

[00155] It should be understood that (as shown in e.g., FIG. 6), a part of a corrugation can form part of the vent of a sealed insulating space. By illustrative reference to FIG. 6, outer wall 204 can include multiple corrugations (not labeled), which corrugations can be omega-shaped in profile. Linkage 220 can be sealed directly to fitting 212 so as to form the vent (not labeled) associated with insulating space 208. In other embodiments, outer wall 204 includes multiple corrugations but also includes an end portion that is free of corrugations, which end portion is sealed to the fitting.

[00156] In some embodiments, the braided sheath 216 comprises the same material as one or both of outer wall 204 and inner wall 206. This is, however, not a requirement.

[00157] Aspect 12. The insulated conduit of any one of Aspects 1 to 11, wherein the inner tube is sealed to a conduit segment and wherein the outer tube is sealed to the fitting.

[00158] Aspect 13. The insulated conduit of Aspect 12, wherein the conduit is sealed to an inner face of the inner tube.

[00159] Aspect 14. The insulated conduit of Aspect 12, wherein the conduit is sealed to an outer face of the inner tube.

[00160] Aspect 15. The insulated conduit of Aspect 12, wherein a plurality of corrugations of the inner tube are sealed to the conduit.

[00161] Aspect 16. The insulated conduit of any one of Aspects 1 to 15, further comprising a braided sheath disposed about the outer tube.

[00162] Aspect 17. The insulated conduit of any one of Aspects 1 to 16, further comprising a braided sheath disposed about the inner tube.

[00163] Aspect 18. The insulated conduit of Aspect 1, wherein the fitting extends from a conduit.

[00164] Aspect 19. The insulated conduit of any one of Aspects 1 to 18, wherein the corrugations of the outer tube are helical. [00165] Aspect 20. The insulated conduit of any one of Aspects 1 to 19, wherein the corrugations of the inner tube are helical.

[00166] Aspect 21. The insulated conduit of any one of Aspects 1 to 20, wherein a corrugation of the inner tube or the outer tube defines a sealed insulating space. (In the writeup this can be done to reduce the thermal mass of the fixture. It can also be done to allow a “radiation trap” that causes the radiation to heat up the wall of the corrugation and then conduction will take the heat back to the originating fixture.

[00167] Aspect 22. The insulated conduit of any one of Aspects 1 to 21, wherein at least one of the inner tube and the outer tube comprises an end portion that flares radially outward from the lumen defined within the inner tube.

[00168] Aspect 23. The insulated conduit of Aspect 21, wherein the sealed insulating space is located on two or more corrugations.

[00169] Aspect 24. The insulated conduit of Aspect 1, wherein the fitting has threads adapted to receive the corrugation.

[00170] Aspect 25. The insulated conduit of Aspect 24, wherein at least two threads are engaged with either the outer tube or the inner tube or both.

[00171] Aspect 26. The insulated conduit of Aspect 17 where the braid is attached to the end fitting used to seal the insulating space.

[00172] Aspect 27. The insulated conduit of Aspect 26, wherein the braided sheath is at least partially permeated by a metallic medium at an end of the braided sheath.

[00173] Aspect 28. A method, comprising communicating a fluid within an insulated conduit according to any one of Aspects 1 to 27. Such a fluid can be, e.g., a cooled fluid (i.e., a fluid below 23 deg. C), a cyrogenic fluid, or a heated fluid (e.g., a fluid above 23 deg. C). The fluid can be a liquid and/or a gas. Solid material (e.g., particulate material) can also be communicated through the disclosed insulated conduits.

[00174] Although not shown in the attached figures, a spacing material (e.g., a ceramic thread) can be present in the sealed insulating space of an insulated conduit according to the present disclosure. By reference to, e.g., FIG. 6, a spacing material can be placed in insulating space 208 between inner wall 206 and outer wall 204. Without being bound to any particular theory, the presence of such a spacing material can reduce or even eliminate physical contact between inner wall 206 and outer wall 204, thereby reducing the presence of likelihood of any thermal shorts between the inner wall and the outer wall.