01 - "Process for Cyclical Generation of Hydraulical Gravitational Energy by Free Fall", as mechanic or mechanic-electric power by cyclical conversion of hydraulically gravitational energy in mechanic or electric mechanic energy and, characterized by the fact that: in this document, a fluid or liquid or water can be referred just as active mass; and by the fact that a continuous flow of outflow Q of active mass in Free Fall, in Movement Uniformly Varied, M.U.V., constitutes a Volume of control of active mass in Free Fall since an upper point till a lower point, the upper point being in a height h above of the lower point; and by the fact that this flow of active mass presents an area S of cross-section in its lower point and obeys the equations 1.06, 1.07 e 1.08; and by the fact that this flow of active mass presents an area S _SU p of cross-section in its upper point and obeys the equation 1.05; and by the fact that each and every particle of this volume of control makes a trajectory in Movement

Uniformly Varied, M.U.V, in Free Fall, since its upper point to its lower point and obeys the equation of Torricelli, according to the state of the technique, equation 1.06; and by the fact that the time of Free Fall of this volume of control active mass since its upper point to its lower point is determined by the equation 1.13; and by the fact that the mass of this volume of control is determined by the equation 1.04; and by the fact that the force weight of this Volume of control of Active Mass is determined by the equation 1.09; and by the fact that the power generated by the active mass of this volume of control is determined by the equation 1.10; and by the fact that the force to raise the column of Active Mass of cross-section area S and height h, with constant velocity V of flow of Active Mass, according to the state of the technique is determined by equation 1.20; and by the fact that the power to raise the column of Active Mass of cross-section area S and height h, with constant velocity V of flow of Active Mass, according to the state of the technique is determined by equation 1.11; and by the fact that when the initial velocity Vo of Free Fall tends to zero, the mass, the force, and the power of generation of energy of the Volume of control in Free Fall of height h, determined respectively for equations 1.04, 1.09 and 1.10, respectively tend to be twice the value determined by the state of the technique, determined respectively by the equations 1.19, 1.20 and 1.11 , to raise the column of Active Mass of cross-section area S and height h, with flow of constant velocity V; and by the fact that

the stage of the flow in Free Fall from to upper point to lower point is called "stage of generation" or "cycle of generation" and the stage of the reverse way is called "stage of rise" or "cycle of rise", and the sum of these two stages is called "complete cycle of generation and rise", or just "complete cycle"; and by the fact that there is a surplus of force and power between the force and power generated and the force and power that are necessary to the continuous rise of this flow of Active Mass, supplying still the losses in such way that this surplus is of useful force and useful power, that can be used to feed a system of generation of mechanic or mechanic-electric power and its systems of distribution; and by the fact that the addition of the losses of the cycle of generation of energy with the losses of the rise cycle and with the final useful power must be equal or lower than the difference between the generated power in "stage of generation", according to the equation 1.10 and power of rise in "stage of rise", according to the equation 1.11, the project specifying Hydraulical Turbines (6) and Hydraulical Bombs of rise (7) with the lowest possible losses, to get the greatest possible useful power; and by the fact that the losses of the Electric Generator (5) are deducted from the final useful power; and by the fact that the center of the Hydraulic Turbine (6) must be preferably at the same height h below the upper point and, so, at the same level of the lower point so that the force and the power available in the flow of the active mass in Free Fall may have the greatest return; and by the fact that this process can be used in Existing or in new Systems of Hydroelectric of the state of the technique, only duplicating the power of the state of the technique, but being able or not to be a cyclical system, according to the project. 02 - "Process for Cyclical Generation of Hydraulical Gravitational Energy by Free Fall

With Effect Reservoir", in accordance with claim 01 , as mechanic or mechanic-electric power by cyclical conversion of hydraulically gravitational energy in mechanic or electric energy, characterized by the fact that the superior reservoir (21) of height h between its upper level and the center of the orifice of exit (3) of cross-section area S presents an output stream of Active Mass of outflow Q with the same characteristics of behavior in time of Free Fall, initial velocity Vo, final velocity V of Free Fall, mass, force and power defined in Claim 01 , determined by the same respective equations, this set of characteristics being called and referred in this document as "Effect of Reservoir" or "Effect Reservoir"; and by the fact that the center of the Orifice of exit (3) must be located preferably at the same level of height as the center of Adduction of the Hydraulic Turbine (22) and the center of the Hydraulic Turbine (6) or the closest possible of the interest in reducing the losses to the lowest values that are

necessary, as it was defined in the Claim 01 , making the system operational in a cyclic and continuous way, in "complete cycle"; and by the fact that a reservoir (21) can be used as a system in Free Fall of active mass, in Movement Uniformly Varied, M.U.V. with the same equations and the same characteristics of the Claim 01 , once the Claims 01 and 02 are obeyed; and by the fact that the flow of active mass in the center of the orifice exit of the superior reservoir (21) presents the "Effect reservoir" or "Effect of reservoir", and the system operates as if it has a "volume of control" inside the superior reservoir (21) made of an active mass in Free Fall, in Movement Uniformly Varied, M.U.V., with the same behavior characteristics presented in the Claim 01 and obeying the same equations of time of Free Fall, initial velocity V ₀ , final velocity V of Free Fall, mass, force and power for this volume of control; and by the fact that

Pelton Turbines can not be used in any of the systems presented in this document, so avoiding to obtain an income of only fifty percent of the values presented by the equations 1.09 and 1.10, respectively force and power, and as the Pelton Turbine works with half of the velocity of the spurt in its tangential velocity, half of the useful power of the spurt gets lost, missing power and force to raise the column of Active Mass or to supply the losses or to generate the final useful power; and by the fact that the system of reservoir (21) with orifice of exit (3) is defined as "a system of active mass in Free Fall", with constant flow of outflow Q when the center of the Hydraulic Turbine is the closest possible to the level of height of the orifice of exit (3) center of cross-section area S and in a way that the sum of losses in the adduction of the Hydraulic Turbine (22), in the Hydraulic Turbine (6) and in the whole rise, plus the final useful power, mechanic power in the axis (8) of the Hydraulic Turbine (6), are lower or equal to the difference between the hydraulic power generated as defined in the equation 1.10 and the rise power, defined in the equation 1.20; and by the fact that a reservoir (21) can operate with the "Effect of reservoir", according to this claim, in new or in existing systems of the state of the technique and according to the state of the technique, such as hydro electrics, generating till twice the power of the project of the state of the technique, when the initial velocity of adduction tends to zero, since the duct that feeds the Hydraulic Turbine of the state of the technique is a "Duct operating with Effect reservoir" and, so, with its project of cross-section area S _S up according to the equation 1.05 and its orifice of exit (3) for feeding the Hydraulic Turbine (6) of the state of the technique, calculated according the equations 1.06, 1.07 and 1.08, this duct presenting "Characteristics of reservoir" and operating with "Effect of reservoir"; and by the fact that the flux of adduction in the Orifice of exit (3), that can be of a superior reservoir (21) or of a duct of the state of the technique (21) can be transformed to operate as a "Duct operating with effect reservoir", the final velocity V of Free Fall being reduced to values that fit to the

characteristics of project of the hydraulical turbine (6) to be employed, making for that a "smooth widening" since the cross-section of strangulation of area S of the orifice of exit (3) to the Input of the Hydraulic Turbine (6) till reaching a cross-section area with the final velocity desired for the adduction of the Hydraulic Turbine, keeping the flow power constant, excepting little hydraulic losses, but allowing the utilization of standard turbines of the state of the technique; and by the fact that with a smooth widening it is possible to make options for Hydraulic Turbines (6) and faster electric generators (5), with greater tangential velocities, with low cost if compared to the respective slow equipments of the state of the technique. 03 - "Process for cyclic generation of hydraulic gravitational energy by Free Fall", in reservoir, according to the Claims 01 and 02, as mechanic power or mechanic-electrical power by cyclic conversion of hydraulic gravitational energy in mechanical energy or mechanic and electric energy, characterized by the fact that this system operates in a cyclic and continuous way with a flow of circulating mass of fluid or liquid or water named in this document "active mass" and so it can be referred; and by the fact that it generates energy in a cyclic way by hydraulically gravitational transformation using a cyclic and continuous flow of a mass of fluid or liquid or water with outflow Q constant circulating between two points of height h between the upper point and the lower point within the gravitational field, the movement of the flow between the upper and the lower point being called "cycle of generation of energy" and the movement from the lower to the upper point being called "rise cycle"; and by the fact that in the cycle of energy generation the flow of Active Mass follows since the superior level of the superior reservoir (21) until inferior reservoir (24), and in the cycle of rise this flow follows since the inferior reservoir (24) until superior reservoir (21); and by the fact that in the cycle of energy generation the Active Mass flows in Movement Uniformly Varied , M. U. V., in Free Fall, since the upper point until the lower point, with initial velocity Vo tending to zero and the greatest final velocity V of Free Fall, in accordance with the equation 1.06, "equation of Torricelli", transferring energy in form of power from the gravitational field to the Active Mass while this gains velocity and later, when in the end of this "cycle of energy generation" the velocity V reaches its maximum, equation 1.06, transfers energy in power form to the Hydraulical Turbine (6), being this power in accordance with the equation 1.10, this power tending to be of two times the power generated in the state of the technique when the initial Vo of Free Fall tends to zero, that is, for the power of "rise cycle" of a column of height h and cross-section area S; and by the fact that

in the "rise cycle" the velocity V of the flow of Active Mass is constant, consuming power of rise according to the state of the technique, for a column of height h and cross-section area S; and by the fact that the outflows Q of Active Mass are constant and equal between them, as in the "cycle of generation of energy" as well in the "cycle of rise", excepting small difference in the rise to supply small losses, some excess returning to the inferior reservoir (24) through a draining duct (27); and by the fact that the mass of the "volume of control" formed by the flow of Active Mass in the "cycle of generation in Free Fall", in Movement Uniformly Varied, M.U.V., tends to be twice the mass of the "rise cycle" when the initial velocity V ₀ of the flow in the generation cycle tends to zero, consequently tending to present two times the necessary force and the power to raise a column of cross-section area S and height h, even so in ideal systems outflow Q is same and constant in the rise and generation cycle; and by the fact that it presents a continuous and positively cyclical balance of force and generated power, deducted the forces and powers of hydraulical and mechanical losses and the necessary ones to the continuous and cyclical rise of the flow of Active Mass, allowing then that this excess of force and continuous and cyclical power can supply and feed other systems in a constant way, such as systems of generating mechanic or electric-mechanic energy and its systems of transmission and distribution of mechanic or electric-mechanic energy; and by the fact that the cycle of energy generation can be effected in Reservoir (21) with Exit of the continuous flow of Active Mass through the Orifice of exit (3) of cross-section area S, in lateral or inferior walls of this Reservoir, using the "Effect of Reservoir", the height h ranging from the center of this Orifice of exit (3) until the upper level of the superior reservoir (21), and presents the characteristics of Free Fall of this flow, with Movement Uniformly Varied, M.U.V., since the superior level of the superior reservoir (21) until the center of the Orifice of exit (3), that must be preferably in the same level of the adduction of Hydraulical turbine (22) and also of the Hydraulical Turbine (6), or because this flow of Active Mass is literally in Free Fall, since the superior point until the inferior point, constituting a spurt or a continuous flow that feeds a Hydraulical Turbine (6). 04 - "System of Cyclical Generation of Hydraulical Gravitational Energy by Free Fall", in accordance with Claim 01 , 02 and 03, system of generation of energy as mechanic or mechanic-electric power by cyclical conversion of hydraulical gravitational energy in mechanic or electric-mechanic energy and, characterized by the fact that this system composes an independent and autonomous system of generating mechanic or electric-mechanic energy and may be referred in this document as "Tower of Generation" or "Tower of Generation of Energy"; and by the fact that

this system uses the Towers of Generation of Energy without the use of rivers or dams or hydroelectric reservoirs of the state of the technique, for any power level, but with the use of proper reservoir (21) of fluid or liquid or water with circulating flow in the system, used to transfer energy in form of power from the terrestrial gravitationally field to the Hydraulical Turbine (6) and to the Electric Generator (5) and complementary systems according to the state of the technique; and by the fact that this system has the superior reservoir (21) operating as a duct that contains a flow of fluid or liquid or to water mass in Free Fall, in Movement Uniformly Varied, M.U.V. according to the gravitational factor of acceleration, this duct diameter depending on the initial velocity Vo of the flow, of its outflow Q, as well as the area S of the cross-section of this reservoir (21) orifice of exit (3), obeying the equations 1.05 to the 1.08, the height h and the outflow Q depending on the forces and the power to be generated according to equations 1.09 and 1.10; and by the fact that this system operates in at least "two cycles", being a "cycle of energy generation" and another "cycle of rise" of the flow of Active Mass, that is, "Cycle of Generation" and "Cycle of

Rise", with the "Active Mass" circulating constantly through the system between the "Cycle of

Generation of Energy" and the "Cycle of Rise", each one with the sub-cycles as it can be seen below: a) Cycle of generation: a. Acceleration or Free Fall of active mass, b. Adduction of active mass, c. Conversion of energy: i. Conversion of mechanic energy, ii. Conversion of electric energy and, d. Exit of active mass from the Hydraulic Turbine (6) to the inferior reservoir

(24), b) Cycle of rise: a. suction of active mass from the inferior reservoir, b. Pumping (7) of active mass, c. Rise (26) of active mass column and, d. Draining (27) of exceeding active mass; and by the fact that this system defines energy as being power, that is, Joules for second, or Watts, that are the quotient of the work by the time, differentiating then work from energy, that is, T = m -g - h (1.01) P = E = Ul^JL (1.02)

E - Energy, in Watts (W) or in Joules per second (J/s);

P - Power- it is the energy in Watts (W) or in Joules per second (J/s); T - Work in Joules (J); m - mass in Kg; g - factor of gravitational acceleration in m/s ² ; h - displacement - height in meters;

S - cross-section area in m ² ; Q - outflow in m ³ /s;

V - velocity of flow that passes through the cross-section area S ; V ₀ - initial velocity of fluid or liquid or water mass; t - time in seconds; and by the fact that this system is constituted of a primary reservoir (21) of superior area Ssup, in square meters, having an Orifice of exit (3) of cross-section area S, the height h in meters since the center of this orifice until superior level of this reservoir; and by the fact that this system is composed at least of: a) Primary Reservoir, or Superior Reservoir (21), b) Active mass formed by fluid or liquid or water, c) Orifice of exit (3) of the "active mass" of the Superior Reservoir (21), of cross- section area S or Floodgate do Superior Reservoir (21), d) Adduction of Hydraulic Turbine (22), e) Hydraulic Turbine (6), f) Exit of the Hydraulic Turbine (23), g) Inferior Reservoir (24) or Secondary Reservoir (24), h) Input of the hydraulic rise pump (25) of the active mass, i) Hydraulic rise pump (T) of the active mass from the inferior reservoir (24) to the superior reservoir(21), j) Ducts of rise (26) of the active mass interconnecting the inferior reservoir (24) and the superior reservoir (21), k) Duct of draining from the upper level of the superior reservoir (21) to the inferior reservoir (24), I) Synchronous machine (4) or Velocity regulator (4) of the Hydraulic Turbine

(6) and of the electric generator (5), m) Electric generator (5), n) System of Generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy (9) or, o) Electric load or, p) Mechanic load or, q) Mechanic and electric load or, r) Operating in emptiness,

s) Auxiliary and complementary systems according the state of the technique or that come to be discovered; and by the fact that this system presents "Active Mass" of fluid or liquid or water circulating through the system in a cyclic way and with constant outflow Q, thus circulating through the parts of the system: a) Primary reservoir (21), or superior reservoir (21), b) Orifice of exit (3) of the active mass from the superior reservoir (21), of cross- section area S, or Floodgate of the Superior Reservoir (3), c) Adduction of the Hydraulic Turbine (22), d) Hydraulic Turbine (6), e) Exit of the Hydraulic Turbine (23), f) Inferior reservoir (24) or Secondary reservoir (24), g) Input of the rise pump (25) of active mass, h) Hydraulic rise pump (7) of the active mass from do inferior reservoir (24) to the superior reservoir (21) and, i) Ducts of rise (26) of the active mass interconnecting the superior reservoir

(21) and the inferior reservoir (24), closing and completing the cycle of circulation of the active mass through the system, and any excess of active mass of the superior reservoir (21) is drained to the inferior reservoir (24) through the draining duct (27) and, j) Draining duct (27) from the upper level of the primary reservoir (21) to the inferior reservoir (24); and by the fact that this system operates better with the outflow of the rise pump (7) lightly greater than the outflow of adduction of the Hydraulical Turbine (22), to prevent losses in the level of the Superior Reservoir (21), since this difference may be lower than the capacity of outflow of the draining duct from the superior reservoir to the inferior reservoir, according to equation 1.03; and by the fact that this system operates with constant velocity V in the flow of rise pump (7) through cross- section area constant S of the Duct of Rise (26), with constant outflow Q and this velocity V being distinct of velocity V of the flow through the Orifice of exit (3) of the Superior Reservoir and depending on the outflow Q of rise of Active Mass and of cross-section area S of the rise duct (26), according to equation 1.07; and by the fact that this system operates possibly presenting the velocity V of the flow in the Duct of Rise

(26) and the cross-section area S distinct from those ones presented in the Orifice of exit (3) of the Superior Reservoir (21), obeying the equation 1.06, but with same outflow Q constant and preferably lightly superior outflow Q to that one sufficient enough to supply possible small

losses, but this difference being lower than the capacity of outflow of the draining duct (27) of the superior reservoir (21), in accordance with the equation 1.03 below; and by the fact that

^Q ger ^{= Q} e!e _V - ^Q dreno ( ^{1 03} > this system operates of such way that the "Active Mass" in the superior reservoir (21) circulates from top to bottom presenting the "Effect of Reservoir", behaving as if it has an

"Active Mass" forming a "Volume control" inside of the Superior Reservoir (21) that flows in

"Free Fall", that is, as if each particle of this "Volume of control", from the superior level until the

Orifice of exit (3) of this primary reservoir is in Movement Uniformly Varied, M.U.V., according to the gravitational factor of acceleration, obeying the equation of Torricelli, equation 1.06 below and in such way that the "Active Mass" of this "Volume of control" is given by the equation

_P -s-v _c m = 2 -p -S -h -- V _{o +} 2 -g .h -V _o (1.04)

the initial velocity Vo in the upper level of the primary reservoir is given by the equation V ₀ = Q/S _sup (1.05)

And the velocity of exit of the active mass from the superior reservoir (21) through the Orifice of exit (3) of the cross-section of area S is given by

V -V V^ +2 - g -h (1.06) as well as it presents a distinct velocity V in any point of height h', being able to be measured since the superior level of the Primary Reservoir until the center of the Orifice of exit (3), being outflow Q in m3/s given by Q = S - V (1.07) or

Q = S -Jv _o ² +2 -g -h (1.08) being:

V - final velocity of Free Fall in the orifice of exit (3) of the reservoir (21), or in a height 'h' measured from the upper level of the primary reservoir

(21), in m/s, V ₀ - initial velocity of Free Fall of the flow in the upper point of the reservoir

(21), p - density of fluid or liquid or water, in Kg/m ³ , of water being equal to 1000 Kg/m ³ ,

Q - outflow of the active mass, fluid or liquid or water mass, in m ³ /s, g - gravitational acceleration factor equal to 9,806m/s ² ,

h - height in meters, from the upper level of the primary reservoir to the center of the orifice of exit (3) of such reservoir, of cross-section area S, tqi - time of Free Fall, in seconds, in Movement Uniformly Varied, M.U.V. from the upper level of the primary reservoir or superior reservoir (21) to the center of the orifice of exit (3) of such reservoir, of cross-section area S, ,

S - cross-section area of the orifice of exit (3) of the primary reservoir (21) at h meters below the highest level of the reservoir, in m ² , S _sup - area of the primary reservoir in its upper level; and by the fact that this system presents outflow Q constant in the orifice of exit (3) of the superior reservoir (21) or primary reservoir (21); and by the fact that this system presents constant outflow Q in the rise pump (J), that can be preferable and lightly greater than the outflow Q of the Orifice of exit (3) of Primary Reservoir (21) and the difference of the outflow between the rise pump (7) and the exit of the Superior Reservoir through the Orifice of exit (3) must be lower than the capacity of outflow of the drain that interconnects the superior level of the Primary Reservoir (21) with the Inferior Reservoir (24) or Secondary Reservoir; and by the fact that this system generates force and hydraulical power in the center of the Orifice of exit (3) of the Primary Reservoir (21) or Superior Reservoir (21), according to the equations

F _g = 2 - p - S - h . g - p . S - V _o V +2 - g - h - V (1.09) o ^a o

Pg = 2 - p - Q- g -h - p - Q -V V _{o +} 2 -g - h -V _o (1.10)

m - mass in Kg,

F Fgg -- ffoorrccee ooff hhyyddri aulic generation, in Newtons (N), or in " Kg . m / s ²

Pg - power of hydraulic generation, energy in Watts (W), or In Joules per second (J/s), or in " Kg . m ² / s ^{3 "} , p - density of fluid or liquid or water, in Kg/m ³ , of water being equal to 1000 Kg/m ³ ,

S - cross-section area of the orifice of exit (3) of the primary reservoir (21), in m ² , the simboiogy being the same that is used to any cross-section area, h - height in meters, from the center of the orifice of exit (3) of the primary reservoir (21) to its highest level, g - gravitational acceleration factor with value of 9,806 m/s ² ,

V ₀ - initial velocity of Free Fall, in meters per second, of the flow in the upper level of the primary reservoir (21); and by the fact that this system must operate preferably with:

a) Adduction of the Hydraulic Turbine (22) and, b) Hydraulic Turbine (6),

Both operating in the same height and the closest possible of the center of the "Orifice of exit (3)" of the Primary Reservoir (21), as well as the unevenness between this level and the superior level of the

Secondary Reservoir (24) or Inferior Reservoir (24) being the lowest possible, to prevent losses of power when feeding the rise pump (7) with "Active Mass", having in mind that in project all and any unevenness must be considered in the calculations, trying always to reduce the losses to the minimum, for these characteristics are basic to generate energy as force and power with the trend to be up to twice the values of the state of the current technique, when the initial velocity Vo of the flow of Active Mass tends to zero; and by the fact that this system operates with the rise pump (7) consuming power in accordance with the state of the current technique, according to equation

Pr = p - Q - g - h (1.11) for ideal systems, considering the losses in the real projects; and by the fact that this system operates with the flow of rise pumping (7) in constant outflow Q and with velocity V of this flow also constant and given in relation cross-section area S of this Duct of Rise (26) , as the equation

V = Q/S (1.12) and being considered the equation 1.03, with preference for diameters of Ducts of Rise (26) that allow the lowest losses; and by the fact that this system operates with the mass of the "Volume of control" of the Primary Reservoir or Superior Reservoir (21), that transfers the force and the power in the Hydraulic Turbine (6), contained in a volume of control and calculated and operating in function of its time of Free Fall, in Movement Uniformly Varied, M.U.V., according to its equations

and m = p - Q - t , (1.14) that generates the equation 1.04 above; and by the fact that this system operates considering a particle that goes up in "a chain line" and in constant velocity of the flow of constant outflow Q, since the superior level of the Inferior Reservoir (24) until the superior level of the Primary Reservoir (21), in a passage of height h2 measured in

meters, since the superior level of the Inferior Reservoir (24) must meet the closest possible of level of the Orifice center of exit (3) of the Superior Reservoir (21) slightly below, and so h2 has to be as close as technically possible of the value of h, and this particle presents its time of passage calculated by the equations

or h t rec =— Q I- ( v1.16) ^/

IT or h ₉ - S t = -? (1.17) rec Q ^v ' that are equations of the time of rise of the "Active Mass" of a rise column of cross- section area S and height h2, in constant velocity V and constant outflow Q; and by the fact that this system operates with the mass of the "column of rise" calculated by m = p -Q -t (1.18) rec ^F rec ^v ' that is the same mass calculated by the equation being h ₂ - height in meters from the upper level of the inferior reservoir (24) to the upper level of the superior reservoir (21), h - height in meters from the center of the orifice of exit (3) to the upper level of the superior reservoir (21); m _rec - mass in Kg of the column of rise ' S . h ₂ ', t _re0 - time of rise of the column ' S . h ₂ ', S - cross-section area of the rise duct (26), Q - outflow in m ³ /s of the column of rise (26), differing the equation 1.19, of calculation of the column of rise mass in the "cycle of rise", from the equation 1.04, of calculation of the volume of control mass of the "cycle of energy generation", that defines the mass of the "Volume of control" of the Superior Reservoir (21) in Movement Uniformly Varied, M.U.V., in Free Fall, considering that in the "cycle of energy generation", when the initial velocity Vo tends to zero, the mass of the volume of control of the generation cycle, equation 1.04, tends to be twice the mass of the column of rise calculated by the equation 1.19, allowing then this system to generate a continuous and cyclical power that tends to be up to twice the value of the power to be spent in the rise pumping (7), of cyclical and

continuous form too, that is, to generate up to two times the power generated in the state of the technique for same height h and same outflow Q; and by the fact that this system operates, as equations 1.09 and 1.10, for initial velocity V ₀ tending to zero, generating force and power that tends to two times the necessary force and power to the rise pumping (7) of this constant flow Q, the power of rise pump (7) being given by the equation 1.11 and its force given by the equation

F = p - S - h - g (1.20) that tends to be half the force given in equation 1.09, when the initial velocity Vo tends to zero; and by the fact that this system operates better with bigger income, the lowest possible unevenness between the superior level of the Inferior Reservoir (24) or Secondary Reservoir (24) and the level of the center of the Orifice of exit (3) of the Primary Reservoir (21) or Superior Reservoir (21), so that the losses of rise are worthless or the most insignificant possible in the final balance of power of the system, but having to be this unevenness always considered in the calculations of real systems; and by the fact that this System operates having its balance of power between the generated power Pg of equation 1.10, the power of rise Pr of equation 1.11 , the losses and the useful electric power Pu resulting, defined by the equations:

Pmec = Pg - Pr - Pg . ( phidro + prec ) (1.21) Pu = Pmec . ( 1 - pger ) (1.22) and being:

Pg - total of hydraulically generated gross power in Watts, according to the equation 1.10;

Pmec - usefully mechanic power in the axis (8) of the Turbine in Watts; Pr - net power of the hydraulical rise pump (7) in Watts, according to equation

1.11;

Pu - usefully electric and net power in the exit of the electric generator (5); phidro - hydraulical losses in Pg percents; prec - losses in the rise of fluid, or liquid or water in Pg percents; pger - losses in the electric generator (5) in Pmec percents; and by the fact that this system operates in such way that, independently of height h, for initial velocity Vo equal to zero, for ideal systems, the mass calculated for the equation 1.04, mass of the "Volume of control" or "mass of the energy generation" is twice the "mass of the rise column" , given by equation 1.19, considering that in real systems the lower is the initial velocity Vo in the Main Reservoir (21), the more the mass of the Volume of generation control approaches to two times the mass of the rise column, that is, when the initial velocity Vo tends to zero the mass of the

Volume of control of Generation tends to be two times the mass of the rise column; and by the fact that this system can operate as an independent system of generating mechanic energy, without the use of Electric Generator (5) and auxiliary Systems, only generating mechanic energy in the axis (8) of the turbine, that goes to set in motion other mechanical loads; and by the fact that this system can operate as an independent system of electric energy generation, having an Electric Generator (5) and Systems Auxiliary (9 and 2), linked to the axis (8) of the

Hydraulical Turbine (6), transforming mechanic energy in electric energy, that can be used locally or can be distributed by a System of Distribution of Electric Energy (9) and

Complementary Systems Auxiliary (9 and 2); and by the fact that this system operates with velocity regulator (4) connected to the axis (8) of the Hydraulical Turbine (6), operating with its complementarϊly auxiliary Systems that are necessary and; and by the fact that this system operates with the Hydraulical Bomb of Rise (J) connected to the axis (8) of the Hydraulical Turbine (6), operating with its complementarily auxiliary Systems and; and by the fact that this system operates with all the mechanical or electromechanical loads connected to the axis (8) of the Hydraulical Turbine (6), operating with its complementarily auxiliary Systems and; and by the fact that this system can operate with a Synchronous Machine (4) connected to the axis (8) of the Hydraulical Turbine (6), working as velocity regulator, using each and every Complementarily Auxiliary System that can be necessary for that, known by the state of the technique or that comes to be known, such as: a) Electronic system of control of velocity of Synchronous Machine (4) and, b) Complementarily auxiliary systems and; and by the fact that this system can have the Machine Synchronous (4) operating as velocity regulator (4), and fed by Frequency Inverter (12), operating in fixed frequency, to keep the precision of the generated tension, or, using any method known or not by the state of the current technique or that comes to be discovered for this, also being able to be linked to the other Systems of Generation and Transmission of Electric Energy (9), in this case operating with the frequency of synchronism of the linked slide bars; and by the fact that this system can operate using the Synchronous Machine (4) as a velocity regulator as well as a starter of the system, with its necessary accessories and complementarily auxiliary Systems and, also being able to use Frequency Inverter with frequency and changeable tension in starting the generation system; and by the fact that

this system can operate with a Synchronous Machine (4) operating as velocity regulator, obeying the equations

Pg -Pc = (Fg -Fc) - V (1.23)

Pc ≤ Ps +Pg (1-24) Pg - Generated power - it is the Rude Hydraulical Power that sets in motion the

Hydraulical Turbine (6), in Watts, that is given by the hydraulical power in the Orifice of exit (3) of the Primary Reservoir (21), as equation 1.10,

Pc - total load power in Watts, , mirrored on the axis (8) of the Hydraulic Turbine (6), that is the sum of: power that is requested by the distribution system, power of rise pumping (7), power of hydraulical and mechanical losses in the rise and, power of hydraulical and mechanical losses in the generation,

Fg - Force of Generation - it is the Gross force of Hydraulical Generation that sets in motion the Hydraulical Turbine (6) in Newtons (n) or "kg. m/s2 ", in the center of the Orifice of exit (3) of the Primary Reservoir (21);

Fc - Force of total load in Watts, mirrored on the axis (8) of the Hydraulic Turbine (6), in Newtons (N) or in " Kg . m/s ² ;that is the sum of: force that is requested by the distribution system, force of rise pumping (7), force of hydraulical and mechanical losses in the rise and, force of hydraulical and mechanical losses in the generation,

Ps - extra power of synchronism supplied by the slide bars linked to other systems of generation of electric energy or by ' source auxiliary ' (11) or ' alternative source ' (11), in Watts; and by the fact that this system operates according to the equations 1.23 and 1.24 and can be linked to other systems, or to an alternative source (11), or auxiliary source (11), operated with power above of the hydraulical limit of the Superior Reservoir (21), but the difference above this limit is lower than Ps, without losing the synchronism, using Ps as the power that comes from the linked slide bars or an independent source, to supply the necessary power that exceeds the Pg, since the electric generator (5) and the Synchronous Machine (4) and the system of axis (8) are also quite dimensioned; and by the fact that this system operates with constant outflow Q, independently of the mechanic or mechanic-electric load in the axis (8) of the Hydraulical Turbine (6), since this load is inside of the limits of power specified in project, that is, lower than Pc, keeping the constant rotation of the axis (8) of the turbine, obeying equation 1.23, as well as equations 1.04 to the 1.10, since

Pc is lower than Pg, and when they are equal, the system will operate in the limit of its stability,

being able then to be disactivated by protection system, except if it can count on the power of Ps synchronism, of equation 1.24, by means of linked slide bars or by an independent and alternative source (11); and by the fact that it is possible to install the system of velocity regulator With Synchronous Machine (4) in updates of hydroelectrics of the state of the technique, new or not, as for simple operation as velocity regulator (4) or serving as protection of overloads with the use of power of the linked slide bars or auxiliary Source (11) or Alternative Source (11); and by the fact that equations 1.23 and 1.24 define the Synchronous Machine (4) that operates as velocity regulator (4) of the Hydraulical Turbine (6), of the Electric Generator (5) and the rise pump (7), or of any system of generation of mechanic or electric mechanic energy, including the hydroelectric system of the state of the technique; and by the fact that equation 1.24 defines the Synchronous Machine (4) operating as a system of complementary or main protection of a system of generation of electric energy linked to the other systems of generation of electric energy, allowing that the Electric Generator (5) continues operating even when the power needed is greater than its normal rated power from the hydraulical turbine (6), but foreseen for the Electric Generator (5) and system of axis (8), balancing its power generated with the available power in the slide bars, being able to be applied in such a way in this system as in any systems of the state of the technique, also operating as frequency and velocity regulator of the electric net with precision, mainly if it is fed with Frequency Inverter (12), operating with fixed frequency and, preferably, with start by changeable frequency in Synchronous Machine (4); and by the fact that this system uses a Hydrauϋcai Turbine (6) that operates in anguiar nominal velocity such that makes possible the adduction with total velocity of the fluid or liquid or water flow, with raised income, as for example the turbines type helix, or Kaplan, or Francis, or the Turbine proposed in this Order of Patent, the Turbine of Tangential Radial Flow, or any others of high income and that operates with the velocity of the flow of fluid or liquid or water with raised income, excepting the Turbine Pelton type, that operates in its tangential velocity with only 50% of the velocity of the liquid or fluid or water flow, and therefore, with 50% of the force and of the available total power for the reservoir according to equations 1.09 and 1.10, not allowing to have available power to keep the continuous flow between the flow of generation and the flow of the rise pump (7) of "Active Mass" and nor to keep continuous the "Cycle of Generation" and the "Cycle of Rise"; and by the fact that this system operates in a cyclical and continuous form between the "cycles of generation and of rise", generating energy in an ideal system, tending to be twice the energy to be spent for the rise of the "Active Mass" from the Inferior Reservoir (24) to the Superior Reservoir (21) when the initial velocity Vo tends to zero, having in mind that in a real system, inside of the sum of fifty percent of the generated total power, if they find in such a way the

useful power enclosed, that is the net mechanic power in the axis (8), according to equation 1.22, and the power of total losses of the system, of generation and of rise; and by the fact that

In this system, the Electric Generator (5), the Hydrauiicai Bomb of Rise (7), velocity regulator (4) and the possible mechanical loads are preferably connected directly to the axis (8) of Hydrauiicai Turbine (6); and by the fact that in this system the Synchronous Machine (4) operating with the velocity regulator can aiso make use of power enough to operate as starter of the system and to support overloads from variations in the level of the superior reservoir or from any nature, foreseen in the project of the system; and by the fact that this system can present subsystem of draining up the outflow from the Primary

Reservoir (21), as well as from the Hydrauiicai Bomb of Rise (7), respectively by means of floodgates (3) and registers in the duct of entrance of the bomb (25) or in the duct of rise (26), for maintenance of the system; and by the fact that this system can present a Reservoir of Maintenance, where the "Active Mass" is pumped to, totally or partially, so allowing stops and the maintenance of the system and this "active mass" can be pumped by another system in parallel, or with the use of an alternative source (11), that can be or not a "Tower of Generation"; and by the fact that this system operates preferably with its reservoirs linked to some hydrauiicai system, temporary or not, to supply possible smaϋ iosses of "Active Mass", or even for complete exchange of this "Active Mass" or for maintenance or stops and beginning or restart of operation of the system; and by the fact that this system can effect the pumping of all its Active Mass to an auxiliary elevated reservoir, kind of reservoir of maintenance, preferably sited above the primary reservoir (21), with the aid of an alternative source (11), for stops or maintenance, and the system can be started from the auxiliary reservoir, transferring then the operation to the main superior reservoir (21), when the operation will have reached permanent regimen and the level of the superior reservoir (21) reaches the level of regular and permanent operation; and by the fact that this system can operate with another system in parallel, or with an Alternative Source (11) of energy, temporary or not, for effect of maintenance, pumping the "Active Mass" for a Reservoir of Maintenance, preferably in raised level above the primary reservoir (21); and by the fact that this system can compose Independent Towers of Generation of Energy since some Watts till GigaWatts, being able then with full advantages to substitute any types of hydroelectrics of the state of the technique; and by the fact that this system of Towers of Generation of Energy can operate separated, or linked to the current systems of Transmission and Distribution of Electric Energy.

05 - "Process for Cyclical Generation of Hydraulical Gravitational Energy by Free Fall", as mechanic or mechanic-electric power by cyclical conversion of hydraulical gravitational energy in mechanic or electric-mechanic energy and using the "Effect Reservoir" or "Effect of Reservoir ¹¹ , characterized by the fact that a reservoir (21) containing a fluid or liquid or water mass and being fed with a constant outflow Q and, having an orifice of exit (3) of cross-section area S, with a constant height h since the center of the Orifice of exit (3) until the superior level of this reservoir (21), presents a continuous flow that passes through this orifice (3) with a set of characteristics, such as final velocity V of Free Fall, cross-section area S, constant outflow Q, Fg force and power of Pg generation, as well as presents inside of this reservoir a Volume of control with a set of characteristics such as initial velocity of Free Fall Vo, cross-section area SSUP of the reservoir, constant outflow Q, height of Free Fall h, time of Free Fall tql and mass of the Volume of control, set of characteristics, internal and external, defined by the equations numbered from 1.04 to 1.10 and 1.12 to the 1.14, and that define this "System", as being a System where the Volume of control literally falls free inside of this reservoir, that is, in relation to the reservoir (21) and its Orifice of exit (3) and its height h, and that each particle of this Volume of control literally falls free inside of the system, in Movement Uniformly Varied, M.U.V., independently of the total mass of fluid or liquid or water contained in this reservoir and that it is beyond the mass of the volume of control, and this set of characteristics is named "Effect of Reservoir" or "Effect Reservoir" in this document; and by the fact that the center of the Hydraulical Turbine and the center of the Orifice of exit (3) must be located preferably at the same level, or so next as possible, so that the power income is the maximum, according to equation 1.10; and by the fact that the inferior reservoir (24) has its level so next as possible to the center of the Hydraulical Turbine (6), such that the difference between height h and the height h2, height of generation and height of rise, may be the lowest possible, since it is a height of losses; and by the fact that it allows to this process that the more the initial velocity Vo tends to zero in the superior level of the Superior Reservoir (21), the more the force and the power to be supplied by the flow of mass through the Orifice of exit (3) tends to be twice the force and the power of the state of the technique for the rise of a column of cross-section area S and height h, according to the equations 1.20 and 1.11; and by the fact that the use of the Hydraulical Turbine (6) that presents a high real income, next technically to one hundred percent, as equations 1.09 and 1.10, allow that the power continuously generated is enough to supply the power of continuous rise of this flow, to supply mechanical and hydrauiicai losses to supply a useful mechanicai power in the axis of the Hydrauficai

Turbine to feed a mechanical system or an Electric Generator, that will feed an electrical system of transmission and distribution of energy; and by the fact that this system can be applied to units of only some Watts as to units of some GigaWatts; and by the fact that this system can be used only to generate power up to twice the current state of the technique in hydroeiectrics that exist or are under construction, no matter the size, or to effect Independent Systems of Generation of Energy, defined in this document as Tower of Generation of Energy, operating with two cycles, one of generation of energy and another one of rise of the flow of fluid or liquid or water for superior reservoir (21); and by the fact that the sum of all the losses of this system and the final usefully mechanic power in the axis

(8) of the Hydraulical Turbine (6), that will go to set in motion the electric generator (5) is lower or equal to the difference between the equations 1.10 and equation 1.11 , so that the system operates in cyclical and continuous way.

06 - "Process for Profit of Power with Reduction of the Area of Exit ", in accordance with Claim 05, as mechanic or mechanic-electric power for cyclical conversion of hydraulical gravitational energy in mechanic or electric-mechanic energy and characterized by the fact that it is a duct projected to get the maximum profit of force and power, according to equations 1.09 and 1.10, the superior level of this duct having its superior cross-section SSUP area calculated according to equation 1.05, presenting a Orifice of exit (3) of cross-section area S according to equations 1.06 to the 1.08 and according to necessary area to the adduction of the Hydraulical Turbine (6), the outflow Q depending on this area S, height h and the initial velocity Vo, in the entrance of this duct, in such way that the relation between the superior SSUP area of this duct and the area of Orifice of exit (3) allows the Volume of control inside of this duct, that has its mass determined by the equation a 1.04, to present continuous flow of fluid or liquid or water mass in Free Fall, in Movement Uniformly Varied, M.U.V., in the same way that in Claim 05, presenting then in the flow of the Orifice of exit (3) as in the internal volume all the characteristics that the mass contained in the Volume of control is literally in Free Fall inside of this duct, presenting this flow force and power according to equations 1.09 and 1.10, and when the initial velocity of the flow in the entrance of the duct tends to zero, these values of force and power tend to be two times the values of the state of the technique, for a column of cross-section area S and height h, according to equations 1.20 and 1.11 , presenting then this duct the same "Effect Reservoir" or "Effect of in agreement Reservoir" the Claim the 01 and its applications; and by the fact that this duct can be used in existing or in new installations of hydroeiectrics of the state of the technique, no matter the size, tending to duplicate the installed power, the lower that can be the value of the initial velocity Vo obtained in the duct of adduction projected in accordance to this claim.

07 - "Process for Reduction of Velocity of Spurts for adduction of turbines", characterized by the fact that in the present system of energy generation or in any another system of the state of the technique or that comes to be known of the state of the technique, the power of fluid or liquid or water spurts in the adduction of a Hydraulical Turbine is transformed into slower flows, without losing power, with only the soft widening of the cross-section area, since the area of strangulation, cross-section area S of the Orifice of exit (3), until the entrance of the Hydrauiical

Turbine (6), being diminished the velocity of the flow, increased its force and kept constant the power, therefore considering the equation 1.10 and the equation 1.07 it can be verified that, keeping outflow Q constant, it is possible to modify cross-section area S and velocity V linearly, keeping the outflow Q constant, the product between S and V being constant too, and also keeping the power constant; and by the fact that of this form it is possible to use since fast turbines until slower ones with continuous flows, but of high hydraulical and mechanical income, where it would be possible to work only with Turbines of water spurts, for example the Pelton type, because this kind of turbine works with high velocities of water spurts; and by the fact that in the cyclical system of hydraulically gravitational generation in Free Fall is not possible to use the Pelton Turbine of the state of the technique, since it works with a tangential velocity of 50% of the velocity of the spurt of water, losing therefore 50% of the useful power of the spurt, to be projected in the state of the technique or that may be discovered a turbine system that operates with spurt and that keeps the income of one hundred percent of the hydraulical power according to the equation 1.10; and by the fact that working with Hydraulical Turbines slower than the Pelton type, but of raised hydraulical and mechanical income, it is possible to work with Turbines Kaplan or Turbines Francis or any another one that presents high income, with slower flows that can be specified in projects; and by the fact that in systems of hydraulically gravitational generation in cyclic way, with same Kaplan Turbines or Francis Turbines, operating with 1800 RPM or 3600 RPM it is possible to have much more compact systems in Towers of Generation of Energy. 08 - "Process for Cyclical Generation of Hydraulical Gravitational Energy by Free Fall

For Profit of Force Weight ", as mechanic or mechanic-electric power for cyclical conversion of hydraulical gravitational energy in mechanic or electric-mechanic energy and characterized by the fact that it uses a reservoir with inclined walls, a dynamic flow of "Active Mass", allowing the existence of low angles between the vertical axis and the inclined walls in a way that the Orifice of exit (3) receives on itself the concentration of the forces weight from each particle from

"Active Mass" inside the reservoir that is on inclined walls, being the force weight of each one of these particles, or the mass consisting of all them, given by the equation

F = m - g -cos(α) (1.25)

F - force in Newtons (N), or in Kg . m/s ² , m - mass in kg, g - gravitational acceleration factor equal to 9,806m/s ² , V - final velocity of Free Fail in mis ² , a - angle between the perpendicular axis and the inclined walls of the primary reservoir.

And considering that the force weight of the particles that concentrate on area S of the Orifice of exit (3) present α = 0 and therefore, with cosO = 1 , and velocity V of exit for the

Orifice of exit (3) of area cross-section S defined by the equation of Torricelli, according to equation 1.06.

09 - "Process for Regulation of Velocity of Generation Using Synchronous Machine ", characterized by the fact that it uses a Synchronous Machine (4) connected to the axis (8) of the Hydraulical Turbine

(6), of the Electric Generator (5) and of the rise pump (7), operating as a velocity regulator of precision of the Hydraulical Turbine (6) and the Generator of Electric Energy (5), keeping therefore the frequency of the Net of Electric Energy with more raised precision, this precision being greater if it is fed by an Frequency Inverter (12), operating with fixed frequency; and by the fact that this Synchronous machine with frequency Inverter starts softly the system; and by the fact that this Synchronous Machine can also operate in the System of Cyclical Generation of Hydraulically Gravitational Energy as "starter of the system". 10 - "Process for Cyclical Generation of Hydraulically Gravitational Energy by Free

Fall", as mechanic or mechanic-electric power for conversion of hydraulical gravitational energy in mechanic or electric-mechanic energy and characterized by the fact that this system can operate without Hydraulical rise pump (7), but being the flow of "Active

Mass" raised by the surplus of force given by the difference of forces between the "cycle of energy generation" and the "cycle of rise", the force of the flow in the adduction of the

Hydraulical Turbine (6), being given by the equation 1.09 that it is of two times the value of the force of the rise column, given by the equation 1.11 ; and by the fact that started the system, by any of the presented methods or that come to be known by the state of the technique, being the Hydraulical Turbine (6) in Velocity of synchronism, the power consumed for the Synchronous Machine (4) is quite worthless, "power in emptiness", and the water or liquid or fluid flow starts to flow normally, being thus high in the superior level of the

Primary Reservoir (21), as it can be verified in the equation 1.23 with synchronism velocity, the

difference between the action force and the force of reaction in the axis (8) of the Hydraulical Turbine supplies the balance of existing power in the axis (8) with constant velocity V, being this velocity the tangential velocity of the axis (8) or of any of the linked machines.

11 - "Process for Cyclical Generation of Gravitationally Mechanic Energy by Free Fall ", as mechanic or mechanic-electric power for cyclical conversion of gravitationally mechanic energy in mechanic or electric-mechanic energy, characterized by the fact that it is possible to generate energy from a gravitationally mechanic system with a mass of a rigid body circulating between two cycles and between two points, superior point and inferior point, and of height h between them, inside of the gravitationally terrestrial field or any another field that attracts this mass, being the cycle between the superior level and the inferior level called "cycle of energy generation" and the cycle reverse "rise cycle", being the sum of the two cycles called "complete cycle" and, in the cycle of energy generation presenting Movement Uniformly Varied, M.U.V., movement in Free Fall, with initial velocity tending to zero and final velocity V, according to equation 1.06, "equation of Torricelli", and with constant velocity V in the rise cycle, for heights h lower than the ^' height of balance, allowing then an exceeding power between the cycles of energy generation and the cycle rise, sufficient to supply losses of generation and losses of rise and to feed other systems of mechanic or electric-mechanic energy generation and its systems of transmission and distribution of mechanic or electric- mechanic energy and, by methods, systems and known equipment of the state of the technique or that come to be discovered, assuming that the lower is height h in relation to the height of balance, the greater is the profit of power generated in relation to the rise power, and making the time of rise equal to its unitary value, it works with the equation of power in its unitary form, in Joules per second, or Watts, being this mechanical system managed by the equations:

Equation of the time of Free Fall

2 m -g -h

Pg = (1.27)

^V _o ² ₊ 2.g .h -V _o o Equation of the average power generated in Free Fall

P _n =JH-JLJL ₍₁ .28)

P = m - g - V (1.29)

g -t _r

(1.30)

^Pr fV _{o +} 2.g - h - V _o Equation of the relation P ₉ and P _r ^P g_inst ^{= m} - 9 - ^V < ^{1 '31} >

= m g g_inst V^ +2 -g - h (1.32)

_pg _ ^V ₀ ² ₊ 2- g- h

(1.33)

Pr V, or

the height of balances for mean power being numerically equal to half the numerical value of the gravitational factor of acceleration and of numerically twice the value of the gravitational factor of acceleration for the instantaneous power; and by the fact that in the cycle of power generation, any known or unknown methods of the state of the technique can be used to obtain mechanical energy that is cyclic and constant from mass in Free Fall, and this energy can be stored in any way by known or unknown means of the current state of the technique, and can be used afterwards to raise this mass in constant velocity, allowing the exceeding energy to be stored as power to be used for feeding other mechanical or mechanical-electrical systems, so generating mechanical or mechanical and electrical power; and by the fact that

This power can be used in a direct way, in whatever level of power, or can be interconnected to systems of energy transmission and distribution. 12 - "Device type Hydraulical Turbine of Tangential Flow to generate Hydraulical

Gravitational Energy ", characterized by the fact that this turbine presents a high hydraulic and mechanical profit; and by the fact that it presents its shovels perpendicular to the flow of fluid or liquid or water that enters in the Turbine of tangential form to the axis of the same one; and by the fact that its shovels are radially to its axis with its length directed to the axis and its height is directed to the imaginary rays of this axis; and by the fact that the height ' e ' of the shovels is given by the difference between the external ray and the internal ray of the shovels; and by the fact that

length ' c ' of the shovels is given in the direction of the length of the axis; and by the fact that the height ' e ' is as small in relation to the internal ray of the shovels as the hydraulical income that the project wants to use; and by the fact that cross-section area S _τ of the Hydraulical Turbine of Tangential Flow, THFT, is given by the equation

S _τ = e - c (1.35) being

S _τ - cross-section useful area of each shovel, in square meters, e - height of each shovel, in meters and, c - length of each shovel, in meters. the number of shovels of this machine is only 4, allowing that the water or liquid or fluid flow acts for more time in a direction the closest possible to ninety degrees, thus transferring a median mechanic conjugate the closest possible of the unit; and by the fact that for height ' e ' of one tenth the internal ray it is possible to obtain a transference of average power next to ninety eight comma five percent of the power specified in equation 1.10; and by the fact that this machine allows that the flow operates as a machine of piston for a long sector, next to the unitary value, in relation to the sector of ninety degrees between each shovel, therefore with unitary value for the cosine of the angle of attack of the flow in the shovel of the turbine, with maximum transference of mechanic conjugate to the axis of the machine; and by the fact that the flow reaches the shovels in the vertical direction, when the shovel is in the horizontal position in relation to the axis, the exit being in the horizontal position, and the passage of the flow of ninety degrees; and by the fact that this flow can be released a little more beyond the ninety degrees, preferably at a hundred and thirty five degrees, better using to advantage the continuous flow in piston form, for bigger time; and by the fact that this machine can be used also as an action machine, not only as just a reaction machine.

13 - System of Cyclic Generation of Gravitational Power in Free Fall, characterized by the fact that it uses a duct named "Inverted Exponentially Conical Duct" in this document for generating hydraulically gravitational energy in Free Fall; and by the fact that such duct operates as a Volume of Control of a continuous flow of outflow Q of fluid or liquid or water mass in Free Fall, from its upper level to its lower level; and by the fact that

such duct presents a constant and regressive variation in dimensioning its cross- section area S from the upper level to the lower level, with an unevenness of height h between the upper level and the lower level; and by the fact that the upper cross-section area S _S UP of the duct obeys the equation 1.05; and by the fact that the lower cross-section area S of the duct, its orifice of exit (3), and the final velocity of the flow in this point obey the equation 1.06, 1.07 and 1.08; and by the fact that as each point between the upper level of the duct to its lower level is named h _y , the cross-section area in each of these intermediate points is determined by S _γ = -£- (1.37)

and being

V _γ = ^V _o ² + 2 - g -h _γ (1.38) being:

SY - cross-section area in m ² , in each point of the perpendicular axis y of the duct, Q - constant outflow Q in m ³ /s,

V _γ - velocity in m/s, in each point of the perpendicular axis y, g -terrestrially gravitational acceleration factor equal to 9,806m/s ² , V ₀ - initial velocity of Free Fall in m/s in the upper section S _S UP, h _γ - height in meters, ranging from zero to h, from the upper level to an intermediate point in the axis y, being zero the referential for the axis y in the upper level, ranging from zero to h when it reaches the lower point in the center of the orifice of exit (3); and by the fact that this duct is operating as a reservoir of constant level and is being fed with constant flow of outflow Q and presents the force and the power in accordance with the equations 1.09 and 1.10 in its orifice of exit (3); and by the fact that this volume of control mass is determined by the equation 1.04; and by the fact that when the initial velocity V ₀ in the upper section SSUP tends to zero, this volume of control mass, the force and the power of the hydraulic flow in the orifice of exit (3) in its lower point of exit, cross-section area S tend to be twice the values presented in the state of the technique for a column of fluid or liquid or water of cross-section area S and of height h; and by the fact that if this duct presents its cross-sections in a circular shape, the view of the duct from a front plane looks like a figure with its edges at the left and at the right of its perpendicular axis line as two exponential curves, outlined by two points initially distant from each other in the upper level of the duct by a distance of diameter DSUP calculated by

Considering that the more y comes close to h, the more these points come close to each other till reaching the smallest distance of a diameter D, calculated with the same equation, for the cross-section area S of the orifice of exit (3) of the duct, with external concavity.