INHIBITORS OF 11β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE 1

RELATED APPLICATION This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.

61/065,890, filed on February 15, 2008, the entire teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to inhibitors of 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 β-HSD1 ), pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods of using the same.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Glucocorticoids, such as Cortisol (hydrocortisone), are steroid hormones that regulate fat metabolism, function and distribution, and play a role in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Glucocorticoids are also known to have physiological effects on development, neurobiology, inflammation, blood pressure, metabolism, and programmed cell death. Cortisol and other corticosteroids bind both the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and have been shown to mediate Cortisol function in vivo. These receptors directly modulate transcription via DNA-binding zinc finger domains and transcriptional activation domains.

Until recently, the major determinants of glucocorticoid action were attributed to three primary factors: (1 ) circulating levels of glucocorticoid (driven primarily by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis); (2) protein binding of glucocorticoids in circulation; and (3) intracellular receptor density inside target tissues. Recently, a fourth determinant of glucocorticoid function has been identified: tissue-specific pre- receptor metabolism by glucocorticoid-activating and -inactivating enzymes. These 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 β-HSD) pre-receptor control enzymes

modulate activation of GR and MR by regulation of glucocorticoid hormones To date, two distinct isozymes of 11-beta-HSD have been cloned and characterized 11 β-HSD1 (also known as 1 1 -beta-HSD type 1 , 11 betaHSDI , HSD1 1 B1 , HDL, and HSD1 1 L) and 11 β-HSD2 1 1β-HSD1 is a bi-directional oxidoreductase that regenerates active Cortisol from inactive 1 1-keto forms, whereas 11 β-HSD2 is a unidirectional dehydrogenase that inactivates biologically active Cortisol by converting it into cortisone

The two isoforms are expressed in a distinct tissue-specific fashion, consistent with the differences in their physiological roles 1 1 β-HSD1 is widely distributed in rat and human tissues, expression of the enzyme and corresponding mRNA have been detected in human liver, adipose tissue, lung, testis, bone and ciliary epithelium In adipose tissue, increased Cortisol concentrations stimulate adipocyte differentiation and may play a role in promoting visceral obesity In the eye, 1 1 β-HSD1 may regulate intraocular pressure and may contribute to glaucoma, some data suggest that inhibition of 11 β-HSD1 may cause a drop in intraocular pressure in patients with intraocular hypertension (Kotelevstev et al (1997), Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(26) 14924-9) Although 1 1 β-HSD1 catalyzes both 1 1-beta- dehydrogenation and the reverse 11-oxoreductιon reaction, 11β-HSD1 acts predominantly as a NADPH-dependent oxoreductase in intact cells and tissues, catalyzing the formation of active Cortisol from inert cortisone (Low et al (1994) J MoI Endocrin 13 167-174) In contradistinction, 11 β-HSD2 expression is found mainly in mineralocorticoid target tissues such as kidney (cortex and medulla), placenta, sigmoid and rectal colon, salivary gland and colonic epithelial cell lines 1 1 β-HSD2 acts as an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase catalyzing the inactivation of Cortisol to cortisone (Albiston et al (1994) MoI Cell Endocrin 105 R1 1-R17), and has been shown to protect the MR from glucocorticoid excess (e g , high levels of receptor-active Cortisol) (Blum, et al (2003) Prog Nucl Acid Res MoI Biol 75 173- 216)

Mutations in either the 11 β-HSD1 or the 1 1 β-HSD2 genes result in human pathology For example, individuals with mutations in 1 1 β-HSD2 are deficient in this cortisol-inactivation activity and, as a result, present with a syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (also referred to as ^' SAME ^' ) characterized by hypertension, hypokalemia, and sodium retention (Edwards et al (1988) Lancet 2 986-989, Wilson

et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. ScL 95: 10200-10205). Similarly, mutations in 1 1 β- HSD1 and in the gene encoding a co-localized NADPH-generating enzyme, hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD), can result in cortisone reductase deficiency (CRD); these individuals present with ACTH-mediated androgen excess (hirsutism, menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenism), a phenotype resembling polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (Draper et al. (2003) Nat. Genet. 34: 434-439).

Notably, disruption of homeostasis in the HPA axis by either deficient or excess secretion or action results in Cushing's syndrome or Addison's disease, respectively (Miller and Chrousos (2001) Endocrinology and Metabolism, eds. Felig and Frohman (McGraw-Hill, New York), 4 ^th Ed.: 387-524). Patients with Cushing's syndrome or receiving glucocorticoid therapy develop reversible visceral fat obesity. The phenotype of Cushing's syndrome patients closely resembles that of Reaven's metabolic syndrome (also known as Syndrome X or insulin resistance syndrome), the symptoms of which include visceral obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia (Reaven (1993) Ann. Rev. Med. 44: 121-131 ). Although the role of glucocorticoids in human obesity is not fully characterized, there is mounting evidence that 11 β-HSD1 activity plays an important role in obesity and metabolic syndrome (Bujalska et al. (1997) Lancet 349: 1210- 1213); (Livingstone et al. (2000) Endocrinology 131 : 560-563; Rask et al. (2001) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86: 1418-1421 ; Lindsay et al. (2003) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88: 2738-2744; Wake et al. (2003) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88: 3983- 3988).

Data from studies in mouse transgenic models supports the hypothesis that adipocyte 1 1 β-HSD1 activity plays a central role in visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome (Alberts et al. (2002) Diabetologia. 45(11 ): 1526-32). Over-expression in adipose tissue of 1 1 β-HSD1 under the control of the aP2 promoter in transgenic mice produced a phenotype remarkably similar to human metabolic syndrome (Masuzaki et al. (2001) Science 294: 2166-2170; Masuzaki et al. (2003) J. Clinical Invest. 112: 83-90). Moreover, the increased activity of 1 1β-HSD1 in these mice is very similar to that observed in human obesity (Rask et al. (2001 ) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86: 1418-1421 ). In addition, data from studies with 11 β-HSD1 -deficient mice produced by homologous recombination demonstrate that the loss of 1 1 β-HSD1 leads to an increase in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance due to a tissue-specific

deficiency in active glucocorticoid levels (Kotelevstev et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94: 14924-14929; Morton et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276: 41293-41300; Morton et al. (2004) Diabetes 53: 931-938).

The published data supports the hypothesis that increased expression of 11 β- HSD1 contributes to increased local conversion of cortisone to Cortisol in adipose tissue and hence that 11β-HSD1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of central obesity and the appearance of the metabolic syndrome in humans (Engeli, et al., (2004) Obes. Res. 12: 9-17). Therefore, 1 1β-HSD1 is a promising pharmaceutical target for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome (Masuzaki, et al., (2003) Curr. Drug Targets Immune Endocr. Metabol. Disord. 3: 255-62). Furthermore, inhibition of 11β-HSD1 activity may prove beneficial in treating numerous glucocorticoid-related disorders. For example, 1 1β-HSD1 inhibitors could be effective in combating obesity and/or aspects of the metabolic syndrome cluster, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and/or hyperlipidemia (Kotelevstev et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94: 14924-14929; Morton et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276: 41293-41300; Morton et al. (2004) Diabetes 53: 931-938). In addition, inhibition of 11β-HSD1 activity may have beneficial effects on the pancreas, including the enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin release (Billaudel and Sutter (1979) Horm. Metab. Res. 1 1 : 555-560; Ogawa et al. (1992) J. Clin. Invest. 90: 497-504; Davani et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275: 34841-34844).

Furthermore, given that inter-individual differences in general cognitive function have been linked to variability in the long-term exposure to glucocorticoids (Lupien et al. (1998) Nat. Neurosci. 1 : 69-73) and dysregulation of the HPA axis resulting in chronic exposure to glucocorticoid excess in certain brain subregions has been theorized to contribute to the decline of cognitive function (McEwen and

Sapolsky (1995) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 5: 205-216), one might predict that inhibition of 11β-HSD1 could reduce exposure to glucocorticoids in the brain and thereby protect against deleterious glucocorticoid effects on neuronal function, including cognitive impairment, dementia, and/or depression. Notably, it is known that stress and glucocorticoids influence cognitive function (de Quervain et al. (1998) Nature 394: 787-790); and it has been shown that 11 β-HSD1 , through its control of glucocorticoid action in the brain, may have effects on neurotoxicity (Rajan et al. (1996) Neuroscience 16: 65-70; Seckl (2000) Neuroendocrinol. 18:49-99).

There is also evidence that glucocorticoids and 11β-HSD1 play a role in regulation of in intra-ocular pressure (lOP) (Stokes et al. (2000) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41 : 1629-1683; Rauz et al. (2001) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 42: 2037- 2042); if left untreated, elevated IOP can lead to partial visual field loss and eventually blindness. Thus, inhibition of 11 β-HSD1 in the eye could reduce local glucocorticoid concentrations and IOP, and 1 1 β-HSD1 hence could potentially be used to treat glaucoma and other visual disorders.

Transgenic aP2-1 1βHSD1 mice exhibit high arterial blood pressure and have increased sensitivity to dietary salt. Moreover, plasma angiotensinogen levels are elevated in the transgenic mice, as are angiotensin Il and aldosterone; and treatment of the mice with an angiotensin Il antagonist alleviates the hypertension (Masuzaki et al. (2003) J. Clinical Invest. 1 12: 83-90). This suggests that hypertension may be caused or exacerbated by 11 β-HSD1 activity. Thus, 11β-HSD1 inhibitors may be useful for treatment of hypertension and hypertension-related cardiovascular disorders. Inhibition of 11 β-HSD1 in mature adipocytes is also expected to attenuate secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1 ), which is an independent cardiovascular risk factor (Halleux et al. (1999) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabl. 84: 4097- 4105).

Glucocorticoids can have adverse effects on skeletal tissues; and prolonged exposure to even moderate glucocorticoid doses can result in osteoporosis (Cannalis (1996) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81 : 3441-3447). In addition, 1 1 β-HSD1 has been shown to be present in cultures of human primary osteoblasts as well as cells from adult bone (Cooper et al. (2000) Bone 27: 375-381 ), and the 11 β-HSD1 inhibitor carbenoxolone has been shown to attenuate the negative effects of glucocorticoids on bone nodule formation (Bellows et al. (1998) Bone 23: 1 19-125). Thus, inhibition of 11β-HSD1 is predicted to decrease the local glucocorticoid concentration within osteoblasts and osteoclasts, thereby producing beneficial effects in various forms of bone disease, including osteoporosis.

11β-HSD1 inhibitors may also be useful for immunomodulation. Although glucocorticoids are perceived to suppress the immune system, in actuality, there is a complex, dynamic interaction between the HPA axis and the immune system (Rook (1999) Baillier's Clin. Endocrinol. Metabl. 13: 576-581). Glucocorticoids play a role in modulating the balance between cell-mediated and humoral immune response,

with high glucocorticoid activity normally associated with a humoral response. Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 therefore can be used a means of shifting the immune response towards a cell-mediated response. Certain disease states, such as tuberculosis, leprosy (Hansen's disease) and psoriasis, trigger immune responses that are biased towards a humoral response whereas the more effective immune response may be a cell-mediated response. Hence, 1 1β-HSD1 inhibitors may be useful for treating such diseases.

It has been reported that glucocorticoids inhibit wound healing, especially in diabetic patients with ulcers (Bitar et al. (1999) J. Surg. Res. 82: 234-243; Bitar et al. (1999) Surgery 125: 594-601 ; Bitar (2000) Surgery 127: 687-695; Bitar (1998) Am. J. Pathol. 152: 547-554). Patients that exhibit impaired glucose tolerance and/or type 2 diabetes often also have impaired wound healing. Glucocorticoids have been shown to increase the risk of infection and delay wound healing (Anstead (1998) Adv. Wound Care 11 :277-285). Moreover, there is a correlation between elevated levels of Cortisol in wound fluid and non-healing wounds (EP Patent App. No. 0 902 288). Recent published patent applications have suggested that certain 1 1 β-HSD1 inhibitors may be useful for promoting wound healing (PCT/US2006/043,951).

As evidenced herein, there is a continuing need for new and improved drugs that inhibit 11β-HSD1. The novel compounds of the instant invention are effective inhibitors of 1 1 β-HSD1.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It has now been found that compounds of Formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are effective inhibitors of 11 β-HSD1. Formula I and its constituent members are defined herein as follows:

R ¹ is (a) absent or (b) is selected from (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl or (C ₁ -C ₃ )alkoxy(CrC ₃ )alkyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with up to four groups independently selected from fluorine, cyano, oxo, R ⁴ , R ⁴ O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ N-, R ⁴ O ₂ C-, R ⁴ S, R ⁴ S(=O)-, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ -, R ⁴ C(=O)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OC(=O)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=NCN)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ O) ₂ P(=O)O-, (R ⁴ O) ₂ P(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)-, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)O-, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)-, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)O-, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ C(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ -, R ⁴ C(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ O-, R ⁴ C(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ -, R ⁴ OC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ O-, R ⁴ OC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, arylamino and heteroarylamino;

A ¹ is (a) a bond, or (b) (C ₁ -C ₃ )alkylene, CH ₂ CH ₂ O, wherein the oxygen is attached to Cy ¹ , or CH ₂ C(=O), wherein the carbonyl carbon is attached to Cy ¹ ;

Cy ¹ is aryl, heteroaryl, monocyclic cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (d-C ₆ )alkyl, hydroxy(Ci-C ₅ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, (C ₄ -

C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, halo(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, hydroxy(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl(C ₂ -C ₄ )alkynyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, halo(Ci-C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, halo(C ₄ -

C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, (CrCeJalkylthio, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, (C ₄ -

C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, halo(Ci-C ₆ )alkylthio, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, halo(C ₄ -

C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, (Ci-C ₆ )alkanesulfinyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, (C ₄ -

^■ C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, halo(CrC ₆ )alkane-sulfinyl, halo(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl,

(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfonyl, halo(C _r

C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cyclo- alkylalkanesulfonyl, (Ci-C ₆ )alkylamino, di(Ci-C ₆ )alkylamino, (CrC ₆ )alkoxy(Cr C ₆ )alkoxy, HaIo(C ₁ -C ₆ )BIkOXy(C ₁ -C ₆ )BIkOXy, (C _r C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl, H ₂ NCO ₁ H ₂ NSO ₂ , (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, (C ₁ - C ₃ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₃ )alkylaminocarbonyl _l heterocyclylcarbonyl, (C _r C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, heterocyclsulfonyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino, (Cr C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino(CrC ₆ )alkyl, (CrC ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino, (C ₁ -

C ₅ )alkylsulfonylamino(CrC ₆ )alkyl, (CrCe)alkoxycarbonyl(CrC ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkoxy(CrC ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, hydroxy(C _r C ₆ )alkoxy, heteroaryl, oxo, amino(CrC ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl ₎ di(d- C ₆ )alkylamino(CrC ₆ )alkyl amino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (CrC ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, di(Cr C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxyl; (CrC ₆ )alkylcarbonyl; (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkylcarbonyl, (C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, {(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl}{(CrC ₆ )alkyl}aminocarbonyl, di(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkylaminosulfonyl, {(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl}{(Cr C ₆ )alkyl}aminosulfonyl, di(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkylaminosulfonyl, cyano(CrC ₆ )alkyl, aminocarbonyl(CrC ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, CIi(C ₁ -

C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl(CrC ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkylaminocarbonyl(CrC ₆ )alkyl, ((C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkyl}{(CrC ₆ )alkyl}aminocarbonyl(CrC ₆ )alkyl and di(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkylaminocarbonyl(CrC ₆ )alkyl; provided that if (a) t is 2 and Q is O or CH ₂ or t is 1 and Q is O ₁ (b) A ¹ is CH ₂ optionally substituted with R ₁ and (c) A ² is a bond, then Cy ² is meta or para to the ring atom of Cy ¹ that is bonded to A ¹ and the aryl, heteroaryl, monocyclic cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, represented by Cy ¹ is not substituted with bromine, iodine, amino, halo(CrC ₆ )alkyl at a ring atom ortho to the carbon atom bounded to A ¹ ;

A ² is (a) a bond, O, S or NR"; or (b) (CrC ₃ )alkylene or (CrC ₂ )alkyleneoxy, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or oxo; Cy ² is (a) hydrogen or (b) aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (CrC ₆ )alkyl, hydroxy(CrC ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, (C ₄ -

C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, halo(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, hydroxy(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -

C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl(C ₂ -C ₄ )alkynyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C _r C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, (C ₄ -

C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, halo(C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylthio, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl- alkylthio, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylthio, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, halo(C ₄ -

C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, (d-C ₆ )alkanesulfinyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, halo(Ci-C ₆ )alkane-sulfinyl, halo(C ₃ -

C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, (C _r C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfonyl, halo(d- C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cyclo- alkylalkanesulfonyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino, di(d-C ₆ )alkylamino, (d-C ₆ )alkoxy(d- C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (Ci-C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl, H ₂ NCO, H ₂ NSO ₂ , (Ci-C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, di(CrC ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, (d- C ₃ )alkoxy(Ci-C ₃ )a!kylaminocarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, (Ci-C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, di(C _r C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, heterocyclsulfonyl, (Ci-C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino, (Ci- C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl _l (CrC ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino, (d-

C ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (d- C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(d-C ₆ )alkyl, hydroxy(C _r C ₆ )alkoxy, heteroaryl, oxo, amino(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, (Ci-C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, CIi(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylamino(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl amino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, di(Ci- C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxyl; (d-C ₆ )alkylcarbonyl; (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkylcarbonyl, (C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, {(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl}{(CrC ₆ )alkyl}aminocarbonyl, di(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkylaminosulfonyl, {(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl}{(d- C ₆ )alkyl}aminosulfonyl, di(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkylaminosulfonyl, cyano(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, aminocarbonyl(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, di(d-

C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkylaminocarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, ((C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkyl}{(CrC ₆ )alkyl}aminocarbonyl(d-C ₆ )alkyl and di(C ₃ -

C ₆ )cycloalkylaminocarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl; provided that if (a) t is 1 ; (b) Q is O, (c) A ¹ is CH ₂ optionally substituted with R ¹ and (d) Cy ¹ is phenyl then A ² Cy ² is not NHR ⁴ or optionally substituted heterocyclyl;

provided that if (a) A ¹ is CH ₂ CH ₂ O; (b) Cy ¹ is phenyl and (c) A ² is CH ₂ then Cy ² is not heterocyclyl substituted with oxo;

R ^1a and R ^1b are each independently selected from (a) hydrogen or (b) (Ci- C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl or (Ci-C ₃ )alkoxy(Ci-C ₃ )alkyl which are optionally substituted with up to three groups independently selected from fluorine, hydroxy, (C ₁ -C ₃ JaIkOXy and H ₂ NC(=O); A is straight or branched (CτC ₈ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₈ )alkenyl or (C ₂ -C ₈ )alkynyl, optionally substituted with up to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, cyano, oxo, R ⁴ , -OH R ⁴ O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ N-, R ⁴ O ₂ C-, R ⁴ S, R ⁴ S(=O)-, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ -, R ⁴ C(=O)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OC(=O)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) 2NC(=NCN)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ O) ₂ P(=O)O-, (R ⁴ O) ₂ P(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ SO ₂ NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)-, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)O-, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)-, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)O-, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ C(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ -, R ⁴ C(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ O-, R ⁴ C(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ -, R ⁴ OC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ O-, R ⁴ OC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ -,

(R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, heterocyclylamino (wherein the heterocyclyl portion is optionally substituted by alkyl, haloalkyl or oxo); heteroarylamino (wherein the heteroaryl portion is optionally substituted by alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, dialkylamino, nitro, cyano, CO ₂ H, CONH ₂ , N-monoalkyl-substituted amido, N,N-dialkyl-substituted amido, or oxo); arylamino (wherein the aryl portion is optionally substituted by alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, dialkylamino, nitro, cyano, CO ₂ H, CONH ₂ , N-monoalkyl-substituted amido, N,N-dialkyl-substituted amido, or oxo); and cycloalkylamino (wherein the cycloalkyl portion is optionally substituted by alkyl, haloalkyl or oxo); t is 1 , 2 or 3;

Y is (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl or halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl; n is O, 1 or 2;

E is (a) a bond or (b) (C _r C ₃ )alkylene or (C _r C ₂ )alkylenyloxy, wherein the O is attached to R ² , each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or oxo; provided that if Q is NH, then ER ² is not (d-CβJalkyl or benzyl;

R ² is (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with up to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine,

chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitro, hydroxy, (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, halo(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, hydroxy(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl(C ₂ -C ₄ )alkynyl, halo(C _r C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (CrCeJalkoxy, (C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, (Ci-C ₆ )alkylthio, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, halo(C _r C ₆ )alkylthio, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, halo(C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, (Ci-C ₆ )alkanesulfinyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkane-sulfinyl, halo(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfonyl, halo(C _r C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cyclo- alkylalkanesulfonyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino, di(CrC ₆ )alkylamino, (C ₁ -C ₆ )BIkOXy(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, H ₂ NCO, H ₂ NSO ₂ , (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, (C ₁ -C ₃ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₃ )alkyl- aminocarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, di(C _r C ₆ )alkyl- aminosulfonyl, heterocyclsulfonyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino, (CrC ₆ )alkylcarbonyl- amino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkyl, hydroxy(CrC ₆ )alkoxy, heteroaryl, oxo, amino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -

C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl amino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxyl; (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylcarbonyl; (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkylcarbonyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, {(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl}{(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkyl}aminocarbonyl, di(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, (C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkylaminosulfonyl, {(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl}{(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl}aminosulfonyl _l di(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkylaminosulfonyl, cyano(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, aminocarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl(CrC ₆ )alkyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkylaminocarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, {(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl}{(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkyl}aminocarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and di(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkylaminocarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl;

wherein the 1 to 4 substituents for the group represented by R ² are additionally selected from: amino, cyano, carboxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl and hydroxy(C _r C ₆ )alkyl, when E is bond or (d-C^alkylene, t is 1 and Q is O or CH ₂ , provided that ER ² is not CH ₂ CI, CH ₂ OH, CHO or CH _∑ Ophenyl;

provided that when (a) t is 2; (b) E is bond and (c) R ² is phenyl, then R ² is not substituted with (Ci-C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy; provided that when (a) A ¹ is bond; (b) R ¹ is absent; (c) Cy ¹ is phenyl; (d) A ² is bond (e) Cy ² is H and (f) E is bond, then R ² is not unsubstituted phenyl; provided that when (a) t is 1 ; (b) Q is NR ⁵ ; (c) A ¹ is bond; (d) R ¹ is absent; (e) Cy ¹ is optionally substituted phenyl; (f) A ² is bond; (g) Cy ² is H then ER ² is not unsubstituted (C1 -C6) alkyl;

Q is O, NR ⁵ Or CH ₂ ; each R ⁴ is independently selected from H, (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, amino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, hydroxy(d-C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl; and each R ⁵ is independently H, (d-C^alkyl, hakKCrC _f Oalkyl, or hydroxy^-

C ₆ )alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a pharmaceutical composition comprising: i) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent; and ii) compound of Formulas I, I ₁ -I _26, Ia _L3 , Ib _1-3 , Ic _1-3 , Id _1-3 , Ie _1-3 , lfi _-3 , Ig _L3 , Ih _1-3 , Ii _1-3 or IJ _L3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment of the invention is a method of inhibiting 1 1 β-HSD1 activity comprising the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of Formulas I, I ₁ -I ₂₆ , Ia _L3 , Ib _L3 , IC _L3 , Id _1-3 , Ie _1-3 , If ₁ . ₃ , Ig _1-3 , Ih _1-3 , N _L3 or IJ _L3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment of the invention is a method of treating a subject with a disease associated with the activity or expression of 11 β-HSD1 , comprising the step of administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formulas I ₁ I ₁ - I ₂₆ IaL ₃ , Ib _1-3 , ICL ₃ , Id _1-3 , Ie _1- S, lfi-3, lgi-3, Ih _1-3 , Ii _1-3 or Ij _1-3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment of the invention is the use of a compound of Formulas I, I ₁ -I ₂₆ . Ia _1-3 , Ib _1-3 , Ic _1-3 , Id _1-3 , Ie _1-3 , If _1-3 , Ig _1-3 , Ih _1-3 , Ii _1-3 Or Ij _1-3 or a pharmaceutically

acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting 1 1 β-HSD1 activity in a mammal in need of such treatment.

Another embodiment of the invention is the use of a compound of I Ii-I ₂ 6 Ia _1-3 , lbi. _3l Ic ₁ . ₃ , Id _1-3 , Ie _1-3 , If _1-3 , Ig _1-3 , Ih _1-3, Ii _1-3 or Ij _1-3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a subject with a disease associated with the activity or expression of 1 1 β-HSD1.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of Formulas I ₁ I ₁ -I ₂₆ Ia _1-3 , Ib _1-3 , Ic _1-3 , Id _1-3 , Ie _1-3 , If _1-3 , Ig _1-3 , Ih _1-3, Ii _1-3 or IJi _-3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof for use in inhibiting 1 1 β-HSD1 activity in a mammal in need of such treatment.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of Formulas I, Ii-I ₂₆ Ia _1-3 , Ibi _-3| Ic _1-3 , Id _1-3 , Ie _1-3 , If _1-3 , Ig _1-3 , Ih _1-3, Ii _1-3 or Ij _1-3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof for use in for treating a subject with a disease associated with the activity or expression of 1 1β-HSD1. The present invention further provides methods of inhibiting 11 β-HSD1 by contacting 11β-HSD1 with a compound of Formula I ₁ Irl ₂₆ Ia _1-3 , Ib _1-3 , Ic _1-3 , Id _1-3 , Ie _1-3 , lfi-3. lgi-3, Ih _1-3 , Ii _1-3 Or Ij _1-3 of the invention.

The present invention further provides methods of inhibiting or reducing the conversion of cortisone to Cortisol in a cell using a compound of Formula I ₁ Ii-I ₂₆ Ia _1-3 , Ib _1-3 , Ic _1-3 , Id _1-3 , Ie _1-3 , If _1-3 , Ig _1-3 , Ih _1-3, Ii _1-3 or Ij _1-3 of the invention.

The present invention further provides methods of inhibiting or reducing production of Cortisol in a cell using a compound of Formula I, Irl ₂₆ Ia _1-3 , Ib _1-3 , Ic _1-3 , Id _1-3 , Ie _1-3 , If _1-3 , Ig _1-3 , Ih _1-3 , Ii _1-3 or Ij _1-3 of the invention.

The present invention further provides methods of increasing insulin sensitivity in a subject in need thereof using a compound of Formula I, I ₁ -I ₂₆ Ia _1-3 , Ib _{1- 3} , Ic _1-3 , Id _1-3 , Ie _1-3 , If _1-3 , Ig _1-3 , Ih _1-3 , Ii _1-3 or Ij _1-3 of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provieds novel compounds that are effective inhibitors of 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (1 1 β-HSD1 ).

Values and alternative values for the variables in the above-described Structural Formula I are provided herein:

R ¹ is (a) absent or (b) is selected from (C _r C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl or (Ci-C ₃ )alkoxy(Ci-C ₃ )alkyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with up to four groups independently selected from fluorine, cyano, oxo, R ⁴ , R ⁴ O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ N-, R ⁴ O ₂ C-, R ⁴ S, R ⁴ S(=O)-, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ -, R ⁴ C(=O)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OC(=O)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=NCN)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ O) ₂ P(=O)O-, (R ⁴ O) ₂ P(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)-, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)O-, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)-, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)O-, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ C(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ -, R ⁴ C(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ O-, R ⁴ C(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -,

R ⁴ OC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ -, R ⁴ OC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ O-, R ⁴ OC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, arylamino and heteroarylamino. In another embodiment, R ¹ is (CrC^alkyl. In another embodiment, R ¹ is absent or is optionally substituted methyl or ethyl. Alternatively, R ¹ is an optionally substituted methyl or ethyl. In yet another embodiment R ¹ is unsubstituted.

A ¹ is (a) a bond, or (b) (C ₁ -C ₃ )alkylene, CH ₂ CH ₂ O, wherein the oxygen is attached to Cy ¹ , or CH ₂ C(=O), wherein the carbonyl carbon is attached to Cy ¹ . In another embodiment, A ¹ is (C ₁ -C ₃ )alkylene. Alternatively, A ¹ is (C ₂ -C ₃ )alkylene. In another embodiment, A ¹ is a bond. In yet another embodiment A ¹ is methylene. Alternatively, A ¹ is a bond.

Cy ¹ is aryl, heteroaryl, monocyclic cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, hydroxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, (C ₄ -

C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, halo(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, hydroxy(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl(C ₂ -C ₄ )alkynyl, halo(C _r C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C _r C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, halo(d-C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, halo(C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, (d-CeJalkylthio, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, (C ₄ -

C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylthio, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, halo(C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkanesulfinyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkane-sulfinyl, halo(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl,

(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfonyl, halo(C _r C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cyclo- alkylalkanesulfonyl, (Ci-C ₆ )alkylamino, di(Ci-C ₆ )alkylamino, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(Ci-C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl, H ₂ NCO, H ₂ NSO ₂ , di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, (C ₁ -

C ₃ )alkoxy(Ci-C ₃ )alkylaminocarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, heterocyclsulfonyl, (CrCeJalkylcarbonylamino, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (CrC ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, (d-CβJalkoxycarbonyKCrCβ^lkoxy, (C ₁ - C6)alkoxy(C _r C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, hydroxy(C,-C ₆ )alkoxy, heteroaryl, oxo, amino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (Ci-C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, di(Cr C6)alkylamino(CrC ₆ )alkyl amino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, CJi(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxyl and (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylcarbonyl; provided that if (a) t is 2 and Q is O or CH ₂ or t is 1 and Q is O, (b) A ¹ is CH ₂ optionally substituted with R ₁ and (c) A ₂ is a bond, then Cy ² is meta or para to the ring atom of Cy ¹ that is bonded to A ¹ and the aryl, heteroaryl, monocyclic cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, represented by Cy ¹ is not substituted with bromine, iodine, amino, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl at a ring atom ortho to the carbon atom bounded to A ₁ In another embodiment, Cy ¹ is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl. In another embodiment, Cy ¹ is optionally substituted phenyl, cyclohexyl, pyridyl, N-oxo-pyridyl, thiazolyl or pyrimidinyl optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from halo, methyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, methoxy, methoxycarbonyl, carboxy, ethoxycarbonylmethoxy and 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy. In another embodiment, Cy ¹ is optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted pyridyl. Alternatively, Cy ¹ is optionally substituted phenyl. In another embodiment, Cy ¹ is phenyl substituted with fluorine, or bromine.

A ² is (a) a bond, O ₁ S or NR ⁴ ; or (b) (d-C ₃ )alkylene or (C _r C ₂ )alkyleneoxy, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or oxo. In another embodiment, A ² is a bond, O or OCH ₂ CO. In another embodiment, A ² is a bond.

Cy ² is (a) hydrogen or (b) aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, hydroxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, (C ₄ -

C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₂ -C _β )alkβnyl, halo(C ₂ -C _β )alkenyl, hydroxy(C ₂ -C _β )alkenyl, (C ₂ - C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl(C ₂ -C ₄ )alkynyl, halo(C ₁ -C _β )alkyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )BIkOXy, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, HaIo(C ₁ -C ₆ )BIkOXy, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, halo(C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylthιo, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythιo, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl- alkylthio, halo(C _r C ₆ )alkylthιo, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythιo, halo(C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthιo, (d-C ₆ )alkanesulfιnyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfιnyl, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfιnyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkane-sulfιnyl, halo(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfιnyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfιnyl, (Ci-C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfonyl, halo(d- C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cyclo- alkylalkanesulfonyl, (CrC ₆ )alkylamιno, dι(d-C ₆ )alkylamιno, (C ₁ -C(OaIkOXy(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(Ci-C ₆ )alkoxy(d-C ₆ )alkoxy, (d-C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl, H ₂ NCO, H ₂ NSO ₂ , (d-C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, di(d-C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, (C ₁ - C ₃ )alkoxy(Ci-C ₃ )alkylamιnocarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, (d-C _f Oalkylaminosulfonyl, dι(d-C ₆ )alkylamιnosulfonyl, heterocyclsulfonyl, (d-C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamιno, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino(d-C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C ₆ )alkylsulfonylamιno, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylsulfonylamιno(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C^alkoxycarbonyKCrC^alkoxy, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkoxy(d-C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, hydroxy(Ci-C ₆ )alkoxy, heteroaryl, oxo, amιno(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamιno(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, dι(d-

C ₆ )alkylamino(d-C ₆ )alkyl amιno(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C _r C ₆ )alkylamιno(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, dι(d- C ₆ )alkylamιno(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxyl and (d-C ₆ )alkylcarbonyl, provided that if (a) t is 1 , (b) Q is O, (c) A ¹ is CH ₂ optionally substituted with R ₁ and (d) Cy ¹ is phenyl then A ₂ Cy ² is not NHR ⁴ and Cy ² is not optionally substituted heterocyclyl In another embodiment, Cy ² is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl In another embodiment, Cy ² is hydrogen, phenyl, thienyl, pyπdyl, N-oxo-pyridyl, cyclopropyl, piperidinyl or piperazinyl optionally substituted by 1 to 4 groups independently selected from halo, hydroxy, methoxy, hydroxymethyl, methoxycarbonyl, ammo, carbamoyl, methylcarbamoyl, dimethylcarbamoyl, (2-methoxyethyl)amιnocarbonyl, acetylaminomethyl, methylsulfonyl, methylsulfonylamino, methylaminosulfonyl, isopropylaminosulfonyl, dimethylaminosulfonyl, pyrrolιdιne-1-sulfonyl, methylsulfonyl- aminomethyl or tetrazolyl In yet another embodiment and Cy ² is optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted pyridyl Alternatively, Cy ² is optionally substituted phenyl In another embodiment, Cy ² is phenyl substituted with 1 to 4

groups independently selected from chlorine or fluorine. Alternatively, Cy ² is difluorophenyl. In another embodiment, Cy ² is hydrogen. In another embodiment, Cy ² is cyclopropyl.

R ^1a and R ^1b are each independently selected from (a) hydrogen or (b) (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl or (C ₁ -C ₃ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₃ )alkyl which are optionally substituted with up to three groups independently selected from fluorine, hydroxy, (C _r C ₃ )alkoxy and H ₂ NC(=O). In another embodiment, R ^1a and R ^1b are each independently H or (CrC ₆ )alkyl. In yet another embodiment R ^1a and R ^1b are each independently H, methyl, or ethyl. In another embodiment, R ^1a is methyl or ethyl. In yet another embodiment R ^1a is methyl, In another embodiment, R ^1b is methyl or hydrogen. Alternatively, R ^lb is hydrogen.

A is straight or branched (d-C ₈ )alkyl, (C ₂ -C ₈ )alkenyl or (C ₂ -C ₈ )alkynyl, optionally substituted with up to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, cyano, oxo, R ⁴ , -OH R ⁴ O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ N-, R ⁴ O ₂ C-, R ⁴ S, R ⁴ S(=O)-, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ -, R ⁴ C(=O)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OC(=O)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) 2NC(=NCN)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ O) ₂ P(=O)O-, (R ⁴ O) ₂ P(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ SO ₂ NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)-, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)O-, R ⁴ S(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)-, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)O-, R ⁴ OS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NS(=O) ₂ NHC(=O)NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ C(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ -, R ⁴ C(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ O-, R ⁴ C(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, R ⁴ OC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ -, R ⁴ OC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ O-, R ⁴ OC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ -, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ O-, (R ⁴ ) ₂ NC(=O)NHS(=O) ₂ NR ⁴ -, heterocyclylamino (wherein the heterocyclyl portion is optionally substituted by alkyl, haloalkyl or oxo); heteroarylamino (wherein the heteroaryl portion is optionally substituted by alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, dialkylamino, nitro, cyano, CO ₂ H, CONH ₂ , N-monoalkyl-substituted amido, N,N-dialkyl-substituted amido, or oxo); arylamino (wherein the aryl portion is optionally substituted by alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, dialkylamino, nitro, cyano, CO ₂ H, CONH ₂ , N-monoalkyl-substituted amido, N,N-dialkyl-substituted amido, or oxo); and cycloalkylamino (wherein the cycloalkyl portion is optionally substituted by alkyl, haloalkyl or oxo). In another embodiment, A is hydroxy(C _r C ₆ )alkyl or (C ₁ -C ₂ ) alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl. In another embodiment, , A is (C ₁ - C ₄ )alkylcarbonylamino(C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl. In yet another embodiment, A is mono(Cr

C ₂ )alky!aminocarbonyl(Ci-C ₄ )alkyl or di(C ₁ -C ₂ )alkylaminocarbonyl(Ci-C ₄ )alkyl. Alternatively, A is 2-pyrimidinyl-amino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl; 2-pyπdyl-amino(CrC ₆ )alkyl; mono(C ₁ -C ₂ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl or di(Ci-C ₂ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl, wherein the pyrimidinyl and pyridyl are each optionally substituted with methyl or ethyl. Alternatively, A is (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, optionally substituted with halogen. In another embodiment, A is (d-C ₄ )alkylsulfonyl(d-C ₄ )alkyl. In another embodiment,, A is (C ₁ - C ₄ )alkylsulfonylamino(C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl. In another embodiment, A is (C ₁ - C ₄ )alkoxyalkylamino(C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl. Alternatively, A is mono(d- C ₄ )alkylaminocarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl or di(C ₁ -C ₄ )alkylaminocarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl. Alternatively, A is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or t-butyl. Alternatively, A is methyl or t- butyl. t is 1 , 2 or 3. Alternatively, t is 1 or 2. Alternatively, t is 1. Alternatively, t is 2. Y is (d-C ₆ )alkyl or halo(d-C ₆ )alkyl. n is 0, 1 or 2. Alternatively, n is 0. E is (a) a bond or (b) (CrC ₃ )alkylene or (Ci-C ₂ )alkylenyloxy, wherein the O is attached to R ² , each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or oxo. Alternatively, E is a bond or (C ₁ -C ₃ )alkylene, optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or oxo. Alternatively, E is a bond or CH ₂ . Alternatively, E is a bond.

R ² is (Ci-Cβ)alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, wherein each is optionally substituted with up to 4 groups independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitro, hydroxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, halo(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, hydroxy(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl(C ₂ -C ₄ )alkynyl, halo(C,- C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C _r C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, halo(Ci-C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, (d-C ₆ )alkylthio, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, halo(C _r C ₆ )alkylthio, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, halo(C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, (d-C _e )alkanesulfinyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, halo(d-C ₆ )alkane-sulfinyl, halo(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, (d-C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfonyl, halo(d- C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cyclo-

alkylalkanesulfonyl, (Ci-C ₆ )alkylamino, di(Ci-C ₆ )alkylamino, (d-Cβ)alkoxy(Ci- C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, H ₂ NCO, H ₂ NSO ₂ , (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarboπyl, (C ₁ -C ₃ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₃ )alkyl- aminocarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, di(C _r C ₆ )alkyl- aminosulfonyl, heterocyclsulfonyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylcarbonyl- amino(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, (Ci-C ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino(CrC ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, halo(Ci-C ₆ )alkoxy(Ci- C ₆ )alkyl, hydroxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )a!koxy, heteroaryl, oxo, amino(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, (Ci- C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl amino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, di(Ci-C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxyl and (C ₁ -

C ₆ )alkylcarbonyl; wherein the 1 to 4 substituents for the group represented by R ² are additionally selected from: amino, cyano, carboxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl and hydroxy(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, when E is bond or (CrCsJalkylene, t is 1 and Q is O or CH ₂ , provided that ER ² is not CH ₂ CI, CH ₂ OH, CHO or CH ₂ Ophenyl In another embodiment, R ² is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl or optionally substituted cycloalkyl. In another embodiment, R ² is phenyl, thienyl or pyridyl each optionally substituted with halo or methyl. In another embodiment, R ² is optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted thienyl or optionally substituted pyridyl. In another embodiment, R ² is phenyl or pyridyl optionally substituted with one group selected from halo, methyl, methylthio or (4-morpholino)methyl. In yet another embodiment R ² is optionally substituted phenyl or 4-fluorophenyl. In yet another embodiment R ² is optionally substituted phenyl. Alternatively, R ² is fluorophenyl. In another alternative R ² is not alkyl, pyridinyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl; unsubstituted phenyl, phenyl substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, haloalkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, haloalkyl and haloalkoxy, phenylalkyl or pyridinylalkyl, wherein phenylalkyl and pyridinylalkyl are optionally subtituted with one to three substituents independently selected from alkyl, halogen, haloalkyl and hydroxy, oxetane or oxetane substituted with alkyl, phenylalkoxyalkyl or phenylalkoxyalkyl substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from alkyl and halogen, hydroxyalkyl, pyridinyloxyalkyl or pyridinyloxyalkyl substituted with cyano.

Q is O, NR ⁵ or CH ₂ . In another embodiment, Q is CH ₂ In another embodiment, Q is O. In yet another embodiment Q is NR ⁵ .

each R ⁴ is independently selected from H ₁ (CrC ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, amino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C _β )alkyl _l di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, hydroxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl and (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl; and each R ⁵ is independently H, (C _r C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C,-C ₆ )alkyl, or hydroxy(C _r C _β )alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E ₁ A ₁ R ^1a , R ^{1 b} , Y, n and t are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₂ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A, R ^1a , R ^1b , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₃ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A, R ^1a , R ^1b , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₄ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A, R ^1a , R ^1b , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₅ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A, R ^1a , R ^1b , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₆ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A, R ^1a , R ^1b , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₇ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A ₁ R ^1a , R ^1b , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₈ : b

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A, R ^1a , R ^1b , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₉ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A, R ^1a , R ^1t> , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₁₀ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A, R ^1a , R ^1b , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof. Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₁₁ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A ₁ R ^1a , R ^1b , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof. Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₁₂ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A, R ^1a , R ^1b , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula li ₃ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A, R ^1a , R ^1b , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₁₄ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y, n and t are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula li ₅ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₁₆ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₁₇ :

I 17 and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₁₈ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₁₉ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₂₀ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₂₁ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₂₂ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₂₃ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₂₄ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula \ ₂ i.

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula I ₂₆ :

and wherein values and alternative values for R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y and n are as defined for Formula I above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ia ₁ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, r is O, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and G is independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )BlKyI, hydroxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C ₃ -C ₃ )cycloalkyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, halo(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, hydroxy(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl(C ₂ -C ₄ )alkynyl, halo(C _r C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C _r C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, halo(CrC ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylthio, (C ₃ -C ₅ )cycloalkythio, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, halo(C _r C ₆ )alkylthio, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, halo(C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkanesulfinyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₁ -C6)alkane-sulfinyl, halo(C ₃ - Ce)cycloalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfonyl, halo(d- C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cyclo- alkylalkanesulfonyl, (CrC ₆ )alkylamino, di(C _r C ₆ )alkylamino, (C ₁ -C ₆ )BIkOXy(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (d-C^alkoxycarbonyl, H ₂ NCO, H ₂ NSO ₂ , (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, (C ₁ -

C ₃ )alkoxy(CrC ₃ )alkylaminocarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, (d-C^alkylaminosulfonyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, heterocyclsulfonyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C^alkylsulfonylamino, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylsulfonyl- amino(CrC ₆ )alkyl, (CrC^alkoxycarbonyKCrCeJalkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl,, hydroxy(C _r C ₆ )alkoxy, heteroaryl, amino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl amino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxyl or (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylcarbonyl;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof. Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ia ₂ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, G and r are as defined for Formula Ia ₁ above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ia ₃ :

Ia ₃ and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, G and r are as defined for Formula Ia ₁ above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ibi:

Ib ₁

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ib ₂ :

Ib ₂ and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ib ₃ :

Ib,

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ic ₁ :

Ic ₁

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ic ₂ :

Ic ₂ and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ic ₃ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Id ₁ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ¹ , A ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, m is O, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and X is independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, hydroxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, halo(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, hydroxy(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl(C ₂ -C ₄ )alkynyl, halo(C _r C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₃ -C _e )cycloalkyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ JaIkOXy, (C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylthio, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl- alkylthio, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylthio, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, halo(C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkanesulfinyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkane-sulfinyl, halo(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, (CrC ₆ )alkanesulfonyl,

(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfonyl, halo(Cr C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cyclo- alkylalkanesulfonyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino, di(Ci-C ₆ )alkylamino, (C ₁ -C ₆ )BIkOXy(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkoxy, (IaIo(C ₁ -C ₆ )BIkOXy(C ₁ -C ₆ )BIkOXy, (d-C^alkoxycarbonyl, H ₂ NCO, H ₂ NSO ₂ , (CrCeJalkylaminocarbonyl, dKd-C _f Oalkylaminocarbonyl, (C ₁ - C ₃ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₃ )alkylaminocarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, heterocyclsulfonyl, (d-C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C^alkylsulfonylamino, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, ₎ hydroxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, heteroaryl, amino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkyl amino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkoxyl and (d-C ₆ )alkylcarbonyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof. Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Id ₂ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ¹ , A ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, X and m are as defined for Formula Id ₁ above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof. Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Id ₃ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ¹ , A ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, X and m are as defined for Formula Id ₁ above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof. Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ie ₁ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, r is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and G is independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (CrC^alkyl, hydroxy(C,-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, halo(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, hydroxy(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl(C ₂ -C ₄ )alkynyl, halo(Ci- C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, halo(C,-C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C _r C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, halo(C _r C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylthio, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl- alkylthio, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylthio, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, halo(C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, (CrCeJalkanesulfinyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, halo(Ci-C ₆ )alkane-sulfinyl, halo(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, (Ci-C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfonyl, halo(C _r C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cyclo-

alkylalkanesulfonyl, (d-C ₆ )alkylamino, di(d-C ₆ )alkylannino, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(Ci-C ₆ )alkoxy(CrC ₆ )alkoxy, (d-C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl, H ₂ NCO, H ₂ NSO ₂ , (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, di(Ci-C6)alkylaminocarbonyl, (C ₁ - C ₃ )alkoxy(Ci-C ₃ )alkylaminocarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, di(Ci-C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, heterocyclsulfonyl, (Ci-C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino, (C ₁ - C6)alkylcarbonylamino(CrC ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (d-CεJalkoxycarbonyKd-C _δ Jalkoxy, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkoxy(d-C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, , hydroxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, heteroaryl, oxo, amino(d-C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, CJi(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl amino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, Cu(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxyl and (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylcarbonyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ie ₂ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, G and r are as defined for Formula Ie ₁ above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ie ₃ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q ₁ R ² , E, A ² and Cy ² are as defined for Formula I above, G and r are as defined for Formula Ie ₁ above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula If ₁ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² and E are as defined for Formula

I above, r and s are independently 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and

G ¹ and G ² are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, hydroxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, halo(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, hydroxy(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl(C ₂ -C ₄ )alkynyl, halo(C,- C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (CrCeJalkoxy, (C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylthio, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl- alkylthio, hak^d-Ce^lkylthio, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, halo(C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, (CrC^alkanesulfinyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, halo(Ci-C ₆ )alkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, (CrC ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfonyl, halo(C _r C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cyclo- alkylalkanesulfonyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino, di(Ci-C ₆ )alkylamino, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl, H ₂ NCO, H ₂ NSO ₂ , (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, (C ₁ - C ₃ )alkoxy(CrC ₃ )alkylaminocarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, heterocyclsulfonyl, (C^CeJalkylcarbonylamino, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino(CrC ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino, (C ₁ -

C ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (Ci-C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl(CrC ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkoxy(Ci-C _e )alkyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, _l hydroxy(C ₁ -C _β )alkoxy, heteroaryl, amino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C _r C ₆ )alkyl amino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (Ci-C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ - C ₆ )alkoxyl and (Ci-C ₆ )alkylcarbonyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula If ₂ :

If ₂ and wherein values and alternative values for Q ₁ R ² and E are as defined for Formula I above, G ¹ , G ² , r and s are as defined for Formula If ₁ above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula If ₃ :

If, and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² and E are as defined for Formula I above, G ¹ , G ² , r and s are as defined for Formula If ₁ above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ig ₁ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² and E are as defined for Formula I above, r is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and G is independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, carboxy, (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl, hydroxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, hydroxy(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, halo(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, hydroxy(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkynyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl(C ₂ -C ₄ )alkynyl, halo(C _r C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )BIkOXy, (C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkoxy, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkoxy, (CvCeJalkylthio, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkyl- alkylthio, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylthio, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkythio, halo(C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkylthio, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkanesulfinyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, (C ₄ - C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkanesulfιnyl, halo(C ₃ - C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfinyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfinyl, (Ci-C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, (C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, (C ₄ -C ₇ )cycloalkylalkanesulfonyl, halo(d- C ₆ )alkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₃ -C ₆ )cycloalkanesulfonyl, halo(C ₄ -C ₇ )cyclo- alkylalkanesulfonyl, (Ci-C ₆ )alkylamino, di(Ci-C ₆ )alkylamino, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkoxy, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C _r C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl, H ₂ NCO, H ₂ NSO ₂ , (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonyl, (Ci-

C ₃ )alkoxy(CrC ₃ )alkylaminocarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, (CrC ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, di(CrC ₆ )alkylaminosulfonyl, heterocyclsulfonyl, (d-CeJalkylcarbonylamino, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylcarbonylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (d-CeJalkylsulfonylamino, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylsulfonylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, (C _r C ₆ )alkoxycarbonyl(Ci-C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, halo(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl,, hydroxy(C _r C ₆ )alkoxy, heteroaryl, amino(C _r C ₆ )alkyl, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₁ - C ₆ )alkyl amino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkoxy, di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylamino(C ₂ -

C ₆ )alkoxyl and (Ci-C ₆ )alkylcarbonyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ig ₂ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² and E are as defined for Formula I above, G and r are as defined for Formula lgi above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ig ₃ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² and E are as defined for Formula I above, G and r are as defined for Formula Ig ₁ above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ih ₁ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y , n and t are as defined for Formula I above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ih ₂ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q ₁ R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y , n and t are as defined for Formula I above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ih ₃ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, A ¹ , R ¹ , Cy ¹ , A ² , Cy ² , Y , n and t are as defined for Formula I above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ii ₁ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, Y and n are as defined for Formula I above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ii ₂ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, Y and n are as defined for Formula I above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ii ₃ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ² , E, Y and n are as defined for Formula I above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ij ₁ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ^1a , R ^1b and A are as defined for Formula I above, X and m are as defined for Formula Id ₁ above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof. Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ij ₂ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ^1a , R ^1b and A are as defined for Formula I above, X and m are as defined for Formula Id ₁ above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof. Another embodiment is a compound of Structural Formula Ij ₃ :

and wherein values and alternative values for Q, R ^1a , R ^1b and A are as defined for Formula I above, X and m are as defined for Formula Id ₁ above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer or diastereomer thereof.

In another embodiment of the invention, values for variables in Structural Formula I or any of Structural Formulas I ₁₄ -I ₂₆ or Ia _L3 -Ih _L3 are:

R ¹ is absent or is methyl or ethyl;

A ¹ is a bond or CH ₂ ;

Cy ¹ is phenyl, cyclohexyl, pyridyl, N-oxo-pyridyl, thiazolyl or pyhmidinyl optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from halo, methyl,

trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, methoxy, methoxycarbonyl, carboxy, ethoxycarbonylmethoxy and 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy;

A ² is a bond, O or OCH ₂ CO;

Cy ² is (a) hydrogen or (b) phenyl, thienyl, pyridyl, N-oxo-pyridyl, cyclopropyl, piperidinyl or piperazinyl optionally substituted by 1 to 4 groups independently selected from halo, hydroxy, methoxy, hydroxymethyl, methoxycarbonyl, amino, carbamoyl, methylcarbamoyl, dimethylcarbamoyl, (2-methoxyethyl)aminocarbonyl, acetylaminomethyl, methylsulfonyl, methylsulfonylamino, methylaminosulfonyl, isopropylaminosulfonyl, dimethylaminosulfonyl, pyrrolidine-1 -sulfonyl, methylsulfonyl- aminomethyl or tetrazolyl; n is 0; t is 1 , 2 or 3;

Q is O, NR ⁵ or CH ₂ ;

E is a bond or CH ₂ ; R ² is phenyl or pyridyl optionally substituted with one group selected from halo, methyl, methylthio or (4-morpholino)methyl.

In another embodiment of the invention, values for variable in the Structural

Formula I or any of the formulas IH ₁₃ or IJv ₃ are: b

R is ; R ^1a is methyl or ethyl;

R ^1b is methyl or hydrogen;

A is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or t-butyl; n is 0; t is 1 , 2 or 3; Q iS O ₁ NR ⁵ Or CH ₂ ;

E is a bond or CH ₂ ; and

R ² is phenyl, thienyl or pyridyl each optionally substituted with halo or methyl.

DEFINITIONS The term "alkyl" means a straight or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1-

10 carbon atoms and includes, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-

butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n- decyl and the like

The term "cycloalkyl" means a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic, saturated hydrocarbon ring having 3-10 carbon atoms and includes, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, bιcyclo[2 2 2]octyl, bιcyclo[2 2 1]heptyl, spiro [4 4]nonane, adamantyl and the like

The term "aryl" means an aromatic radical which is a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an indanyl group or a tetrahydronaphthalene group An aryl group is optionally substituted with 1-4 substituents Exemplary substituents include alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, dialkylamino, nitro, cyano, CO ₂ H, CONH ₂ , N-monoalkyl-substituted amido and N,N-dιalkyl-substιtuted amido

The term "heteroaryl" means a 5- and 6-membered heteroaromatic radical which may optionally be fused to a saturated or unsaturated ring containing 0-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S and includes, for example, a heteroaromatic radical which is 2- or 3-thιenyl, 2- or 3-furanyl, 2- or 3- pyrrolyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyrιdyl, 2- pyrazinyl, 2-, 4-, or 5-pyπmιdιnyl, 3- or 4-pyrιdazιnyl, 1H-ιndol-6-yl, 1H-ιndol-5-yl, 1H- benzιmιdazol-6-yl, 1 H-benzιmιdazol-5-yl, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-quιnazolιnyl, 2-, 3-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-quιnoxalιnyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-quιnolιnyl, 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8- isoquinohnyl, 2-, A-, or 5-thιazolyl, 2-, 3-, A-, or 5-pyrazolyl, 2-, 3-, A-, or 5-ιmιdazolyl A heteroaryl is optionally substituted Exemplary substituents include alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, dialkylamino, nitro, cyano, CO ₂ H, CONH ₂ , N-monoalkyl-substituted amido and N,N-dιalkyl-substιtuted amido, or by oxo to form an N-oxide

The term "heterocyclyl" means a A-, 5-, 6- and 7-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S Exemplary heterocyclyls include pyrrolidine, pyrrolιdιn-2- one, 1-methylpyrrolιdιn-2-one, piperidine, pιpeπdιn-2-one, 2-pyrιdone, 4-pyπdone, piperazine, 1-(2,2,2-tπfluoroethyl)pιperazιne, pιperazιn-2-one, 5,6-dιhydropyπmιdιn-4- one, pyrιmιdιn-4-one, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiopyran, isoxazolidine, 1 ,3-dιoxolane, 1 ,3-dιthιolane, 1 ,3-dιoxane, 1 ,4- dioxane, 1 ,3-dιthιane, 1 ,4-dιthιane, oxazolιdιn-2-one, ιmιdazolιdιn-2-one, ιmιdazolιdιne-2,4-dιone, tetrahydropyrιmιdιn-2(1 H)-one, morpholine, N- methylmorpholine, morpholιn-3-one, 1 ,3-oxazιnan-2-one, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine 1 ,1 -dioxide, tetrahydro-1 ,2,5-thιaoxazole 1 ,1 -dioxide, tetrahydro-2H-

1 ,2-thiazine 1 , 1 -dioxide, hexahydro-1 ,2,6-thiadiazine 1 ,1 -dioxide, tetrahydro-1 ,2,5- thiadiazole 1 ,1 -dioxide and isothiazolidine 1 ,1 -dioxide. A heterocyclyl can be optionally substituted with 1 -4 susbtituents. Exemplary substituents include alkyl, haloalkyl and oxo. As used herein the terms "subject" and "patient" may be used interchangeably, and means a mammal in need of treatment, e.g., companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals (e.g., cows, pigs, horses, sheep, goats and the like) and laboratory animals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs and the like). Typically, the subject is a human in need of treatment. When a disclosed compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt is named or depicted by structure, it is to be understood that solvates or hydrates of the compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts are also included. "Solvates" refer to crystalline forms wherein solvent molecules are incorporated into the crystal lattice during crystallization. Solvate may include water or nonaqueous solvents such as ethanol, isopropanol, DMSO, acetic acid, ethanolamine, and EtOAc. Solvates, wherein water is the solvent molecule incorporated into the crystal lattice, are typically referred to as "hydrates." Hydrates include stoichiometric hydrates as well as compositions containing variable amounts of water.

Certain of the disclosed comopounds may exist in various stereoisomeric forms. Stereoisomers are compounds that differ only in their spatial arrangement. Enantiomers are pairs of stereoisomers whose mirror images are not superimposable, most commonly because they contain an asymmetrically substituted carbon atom that acts as a chiral center. "Enantiomer" means one of a pair of molecules that are mirror images of each other and are not superimposable. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not related as mirror images, most commonly because they contain two or more asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms. The symbol "*" in a structural formula represents the presence of a chiral carbon center. "R' and "S" represent the configuration of substituents around one or more chiral carbon atoms. Thus, "R ^* " and "S ^* " denote the relative configurations of substituents around one or more chiral carbon atoms..

"Racemate" or "racemic mixture" means a compound of equimolar quantities of two enantiomers, wherein such mixtures exhibit no optical activity; i.e., they do not rotate the plane of polarized light.

"Geometric isomer" means isomers that differ in the orientation of substituent atoms in relationship to a carbon-carbon double bond, to a cycloalkyl ring, or to a bridged bicyclic system Atoms (other than H) on each side of a carbon-carbon double bond may be in an E (substituents are on opposite sides of the carbon- carbon double bond) or Z (substituents are oriented on the same side) configuration

"R," "S," "S*," "R*," "E," "Z," "cis," and "trans," indicate configurations relative to the core molecule

The compounds of the invention may be prepared as individual isomers by either isomer-specific synthesis or resolved from an isomeric mixture Conventional resolution techniques include forming the salt of a free base of each isomer of an isomeric pair using an optically active acid (followed by fractional crystallization and regeneration of the free base), forming the salt of the acid form of each isomer of an isomeric pair using an optically active amine (followed by fractional crystallization and regeneration of the free acid), forming an ester or amide of each of the isomers of an isomeric pair using an optically pure acid, amine or alcohol (followed by chromatographic separation and removal of the chiral auxiliary), or resolving an isomeric mixture of either a starting material or a final product using various well known chromatographic methods

When the stereochemistry of a disclosed compound is named or depicted by structure, the named or depicted stereoisomer is at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99 9% by weight pure relative to the other stereoisomers When a single enantiomer is named or depicted by structure, the depicted or named enantiomer is at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99 9% by weight optically pure Percent optical purity by weight is the ratio of the weight of the enatiomer over the weight of the enantiomer plus the weight of its optical isomer

When a disclosed compound is named or depicted by structure without indicating the stereochemistry, and the compound has at least one chiral center, it is to be understood that the name or structure encompasses one enantiomer of compound free from the corresponding optical isomer, a racemic mixture of the compound and mixtures enriched in one enantiomer relative to its corresponding optical isomer

When a disclosed compound is named or depicted by structure without indicating the stereochemistry and has at least two chiral centers, it is to be understood that the name or structure encompasses a diastereomer free of other

diastereomers, a pair of diastereomers free from other diastereomeric pairs, mixtures of diastereomers, mixtures of diastereomeric pairs, mixtures of diastereomers in which one diastereomer is enriched relative to the other diastereomer(s) and mixtures of diastereomeric pairs in which one diastereomeric pair is enriched relative to the other diastereomeric pair(s).

The compounds of the invention may be present in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. For use in medicines, the salts of the compounds of the invention refer to non-toxic "pharmaceutically acceptable salts." Pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include pharmaceutically acceptable acidic/anionic or basic/cationic salts.

Pharmaceutically acceptable acidic/anionic salts include, the acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bitartrate, bromide, calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, citrate, dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, fumarate, glyceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, methylsulfate, mucate, napsylate, nitrate, pamoate, pantothenate, phosphate/diphospate, polygalacturonate, salicylate, stearate, subacetate, succinate, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, tannate, tartrate, teoclate, tosylate, and triethiodide salts.

Pharmaceutically acceptable basic/cationic salts include, the sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, diethanolamine, n-methyl-D-glucamine, L-lysine, L- arginine, ammonium, ethanolamine, piperazine and triethanolamine salts.

The following abbreviations have the indicated meanings:

Abbreviation Meaning

Boc te/t-butoxy carbonyl or f-butoxy carbonyl

(BoC) ₂ O di-terf-butyl dicarbonate

Cbz Benzyloxycarbonyl

CbzCI Benzyl chloroformate

DAST diethylaminosulfur trifluoride

DBU 1 ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene

DCC N.N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

DCU N.N'-dicyclohexylurea

DIAD diisopropyl azodicarboxylate

DIEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine

DMAP 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine

DMF N,N-dimethylformamide

DMPU 1 ,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1 H)-pyrimidinone

2,4-DNP 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

DPTBS Diphenyl-t-butylsilyl

1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide

EDCHCI ₁ EDCI hydrochloride

Equiv equivalents

EtOAc ethyl acetate

Fmoc 1-[[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]oxy]-

1-[[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]oxy]-2,5-

Fmoc-OSu pyrrolidinedione h, hr hour(s) HOBt 1 -hydroxybenzotriazole

2-(7-Aza-1 H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethyluronium

HATU hexafluorophosphate

2-(1 H-Benzotriazol-1-yl)-1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethyluronium

HBTU hexafluorophosphate

KHMDS potassium hexamethyldisilazane L-AH or LiAIH ₄ lithium aluminum hydride LC-MS liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy LHMDS lithium hexamethyldisilazane

m-CPBA 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid

Me methyl

MsCI methanesulfonyl chloride

Min minute

MS mass spectrum

NaH sodium hydride

NaHCO ₃ sodium bicarbonate

NaN ₃ sodium azide

NaOH sodium hydroxide

Na ₂ SO ₄ sodium sulfate

NMM N-methyimorpholine

NMP N-methylpyrrolidinone

Pd ₂ (dba) ₃ tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0)

PE petroleum ether

Quant quantitative yield rt room temperature

Satd saturated

SOCI ₂ thionyl chloride

SFC supercritical fluid chromatography

SPA scintillation proximity assay

SPE solid phase extraction

TBAF tetrabutylammonium fluoride

TBS t-butyldimethylsilyl

TBDPS t-butyldiphenylsilyl

TBSCI t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride

TBDPSCI t-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride

TEA triethylamine or Et ₃ N

TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical

Teoc 1 -[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyloxy]-

Teoc-OSu 1 -[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyloxy]pyrrolidin-2,5-dione

TFA trifluoroacetic acid

TIc, TLC thin layer chromatography

TMS trimethylsilyl

TMSCI chlorotrimethylsilane or trimethylsilyl chloride t _R retention time

TsOH p-toluenesulfonic acid

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SYNTHETIC METHODS

Compounds of Formula I can be prepared by several processes. In the discussion below, A, A ¹ , A ² , Cy ¹ , Cy ² , E, R ¹ , R ² , R ⁵ , R ^1a , R ^1b , Y, n and t have the meanings indicated above unless otherwise noted. In cases where the synthetic intermediates and final products of Formulas I described below contain potentially reactive functional groups, for example amino, hydroxyl, thiol and carboxylic acid groups, that may interfere with the desired reaction, it may be advantageous to employ protected forms of the intermediate. Methods for the selection, introduction and subsequent removal of protecting groups are well known to those skilled in the art. (T.W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis" John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York 1999). Such protecting group manipulations are assumed in the discussion below and not described explicitly. Generally, reagents in the reaction schemes are used in equimolar amounts; however, in certain cases it may be desirable to use an excess of one reagent to drive a reaction to completion. This is especially the case when the excess reagent can be readily removed by evaporation or extraction. Bases employed to neutralize HCI in reaction mixtures are generally used in slight to substantial excess (1.05 - 5 equivalents).

In a first process compounds of Formula I, wherein t is 2, n is 0 and Q is CH ₂ , are prepared by ring closure of intermediates of Formula Il wherein Z ^a is a leaving

group such as halide, alkanesulfonate, haloalkanesulfonate or arylsulfonate, using a base such as NaH.

Intermediates of Formula II, wherein Z ^a is alkanesulfonate, haloalkanesulfonate or arylsulfonate, can be prepared from alchols of Formula III and sulfonyl chlorides of Formula IV (Z ^a = Cl) or sulfonic anhydrides of Formula IV (Z ^a = R ³ SO ₂ O-), wherein R ^a is alkyl, haloalkyl or aryl.

Alcohols of Formula III can be prepared by reduction of carboxylic acids of Formula V using, for example, borane in THF.

Carboxylic acids of Formula V can be prepared by reaction of cyclic anhydrides of Formula Vl with amines of Formula VII.

Cyclic anhydrides of Formula Vl can be prepared from diacids of Formula VIII by treatment with acetic or trifluoroacetic anhydride.

Diacids of Formula VIII can be prepared from aldehydes of Formula IX and β- ketoesters of Formula X ₁ wherein R ^b is lower alkyl, by reaction with piperidine under Knoevenagel conditions, followed by treatment with NaOH and with HCI.

Amine intermediates of Formula VII, wherein A ¹ = CH ₂ and R ¹ is absent, can be prepared by reduction of amides of Formula Xl using a hydride reagent such as BH ₃ -THF solution, BH ₃ -Me ₂ S or LiAIH ₄ in an ethereal solvent such as THF or DME at 20 ⁰ C to 100 ⁰ C for between 1 h and 48 h:

Xl VII

Amine intermediates of Formula VII, wherein A ¹ is a bond, R ¹ is absent and Cy ¹ is not an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, can be prepared from ketones of formula XII via oximes of Formula XIII or by reductive amination of ketones of Formula XII with ammonia:

Methods for the conversion of ketones to oximes are described in Smith, M. B. and March, J. "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry" pp 1194-1 195, 5 ^lh Edition, Wiley, New York, NY, 2001. Methods for the reduction of oximes to primary amines are described in Smith, M. B. and March, J. "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry" p 1555, 5 ^th Edition, Wiley, New York, NY, 2001. Methods for the reductive amination of ketones are described in Baxter, E. W. and Reitz, A. B. "Organic Reactions" Volume 59, Ed. Overman, L. E., Wiley Interscience, 2002.

Amine intermediates of Formula VII, wherein A ¹ is CH, can be prepared from ketones of Formula XIV by reductive amination with ammonia.

Amine intermediates of Formula VII, wherein A ¹ is CH, can be prepared from alcohols of Formula XV via azides of Formula XVI. The conversion of alcohols of Formula XV to azides of Formula XVI can be accomplished with, for example, diphenylphosphoryl azide. Reduction of azides of Formula XVI to amines of Formula VII can be effected, for example, by hydrogenation in the presence of a palladium catalyst or by reaction with triphenylphosphine in wet THF.

Amine intermediates of Formula VII, wherein A ¹ is CH, can be prepared by reaction of sulfinyl imine intermediates of Formula XVII with organometallic reagents of Formula XVIII, wherein M is Li ₁ MgCI, MgBr or MgI, followed by treatment with acid to remove the t-butylsulfinyl group.

Sulfinyl imines of Formula XVII can be prepared by treatment of aldehyde intermediates of Formula XVIII with 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide.

XVlIl

In a second process, compounds of Formula I ₁ wherein Q is O or NR ⁵ , can be prepared by reaction of aminoalcohols or diamines intermediate of Formula XIX with reagents of Formula XX, wherein Z ¹ and Z ² are leaving groups such as chloride, 1- imidazolyl or aryloxide in an inert solvent such as THF ₁ CH ₂ CI ₂ , toluene or MeCN, usually in the presence of an organic or inorganic base such as triethylamine or NaHCO ₃ respectively, at -10 ⁰ C to 120 ⁰ C:

Certain instances of reagent XX are especially convenient because they are commercially available. For example when Z ¹ and Z ² are both chloride, XX is phosgene. When Z ¹ and Z ² are both 1-imidazolyl, XX is carbonyl diimidazole. When Z ¹ is chloride and Z ² is p-nitrophenoxide, XX is p-nitrophenyl chloroformate. When Z ¹ and Z ² are both OCCI ₃ , XX is triphosgene and as little as one third of molar equivalent can be used.

Aminoalcohol and diamine intermediates of Formula XIX, wherein n = 0, can be prepared by reduction of amides of Formula XXI using a hydride reagent such as BH ₃ THF solution, BH ₃ .Me ₂ S or LiAIH ₄ in an ethereal solvent such as THF or DME at 20 ⁰ C to 100 ⁰ C for between 1 h and 48 h:

Intermediates of Formula XXI can be prepared by coupling of α-, β- or γ- hydroxyacids (Q = O) and α-, β- or γ-aminoacids (Q = NR ⁵ ) of Formula XXII with amines of Formula VII using standard peptide coupling reagents such as EDC in the presence of HOBt and N,N-diisopropylethylamine in an inert solvent such as CH ₂ CI ₂ at 0 - 30 ⁰ C for between 1 h and 24 h:

In a third process, compounds of Formula I ₁ wherein Q is O and t is 1 or 2, can be prepared by reaction of hydroxycarbamates of Formula XXIII, wherein R ^c is an alkyl or arylalkyl group such as methyl, t-butyl or benzyl, with a strong base such as NaH.

Hydroxycarbamates of Formula XXIII can be prepared by reduction of ketocarbamates of Formula XXIV with, for example, NaBH ₄ in MeOH.

Ketocarbamates of Formula XXIV can be prepared by reaction of β- aminoketones of Formula XXV with reagents of Formula XXVI, wherein R ^d is a leaving group such as chloride, succinyloxy, imidazolyl or t-butoxycarboxycarbonyl:

β-Aminoketones of Formula XXV, wherein n = 0 and t is 2, can be prepared by reaction of α,β-unsaturated ketones of Formula XXVII or β-chloroketones of Formula XXVIII with amines of Formula VII:

XXVIII α-Aminoketones of Formula XXV, wherein n = 0 and t is 1 , can be prepared by reaction of α-haloketones of Formula XXIX, wherein Z ³ is Br or Cl, with amines of Formula VII:

Hydroxycarbamates of Formula XXIII can also be prepared by addition of organometallic reagents of Formula XXX, wherein M is Li, MgCI, MgBr or MgI, to aldehydes of Formula XXXI.

XXX XXXl XXIII

Aldehydes of Formula XXXI can be prepared by oxidation of alcohols of Formula XXXII with, for example, Dess-Martin periodinane. Alcohols of Formula XXXII can be prepared by reduction of esters of Formula XXXIII, wherein R ^d Is alkyl or arylalkyl using for example LiAIH ₄ , or by reduction of acids of Formula XXXI, wherein R ^d is hydrogen, using for example isobutyl chloroformate and NaBH ₄ .

XXXIII XXXII XXIX

Esters of Formula Formula XXXIII ₁ wherein n is 0 and t is 1 , can be prepared by alkylation of carbamates of Formula XXXIV with bromoacetic acid esters of Formula XXXV using a base such as NaH.

XXXV XXXIV XXXIII

In a fourth process compounds of Formula I ₁ wherein Q is O and t is 1 or 2, can be prepared by reaction of alcohols of Formula XXXVI, wherein Z ⁴ is halide, alkanesulfonate, haloalkanesulfonate or arylsulfonate, with isocyanates of Formula XXXVII in the presence of a base:

XXXVI XXXVII

lsocyanates of Formula XXXVII can be prepared from amines of Formula VII by treatment with phosgene, diphosgene or triphosgene.

Alcohols of Formula XXXVI, wherein Z ⁴ is chloride and t is 2, can be prepared by reduction of β-haloketones of Formula XXVIII with hydride reagents such as NaBH ₄ . Similarly, alcohols of Formula XXXVI, wherein Z ⁴ is chloride or bromide and t is 1 , can be prepared by reduction of α-haloketones of Formula XXIX, wherein Z ³ is chloride or bromide using a hydride reagent such as NaBH ₄ .

XXVIII XXXVI XXIX

In a fifth process compounds of Formula I, wherein A ¹ is CH ₂ and R ¹ is absent, can be prepared by reaction of compounds of Formula XXXVII, with alkylating agents of Formula XXXVIII, wherein Z ⁵ is a leaving group such as Br, I, OSO ₂ Me, OSO ₂ CF ₃ or OSO ₂ Ph, in the presence of a base such as NaH or K ₂ CO ₃ :

Compounds of Formula XXXVII, wherein Q = O or NR ⁵ , can be prepared by treatment of compounds of Formula XXXIX with various reagents of Formula XX,

wherein Z ¹ and Z ² are leaving groups such as chloride, 1-imidazolyl or aryloxide in an inert solvent such as THF, CH ₂ CI ₂ , toluene or MeCN, usually in the presence of an organic or inorganic base such as triethylamine or NaHCO ₃ respectively, at -10 ⁰ C to 12O ⁰ C:

XXXIX XX XXXVII

Compounds of Formula XXXVII, wherein Q is CH ₂ , can be prepared by ring expansion of ketones of Formula XL with hydrazoic acid under Schmidt reaction conditions.

XL XXXVII

In a sixth process compounds of Formula I, wherein A is a bond can be prepared by reaction of compounds of Formula XXXVII, with compounds of Formula XLI, wherein Z ⁶ is a leaving group such as chloro, bromo, iodo or OSO ₂ CF ₃ , in the presence of a base such as K ₂ CO ₃ and a copper or palladium catalyst in an inert solvent such as dioxane, DMF or NMP at elevated temperature:

XXXVII

In a seventh process, compounds of Formula I, wherein Q is CH ₂ and A ¹ is CH ₂ and R ¹ is absent, can be prepared by reaction of ketones of Formula XL with azides of Formula XLII in the presence of TiCI ₄ .

In an eighth process, compounds of Formula I, wherein Q is CH ₂ , are prepared by photolytic rearrangement of oxaziridines of Formula XLIII.

Oxaziridines of Formula XLIII can be prepared from ketones of Formula XL and amines of Formula VII to form imines of Formula XLIV, followed by oxidation with, for example, m-CPBA.

XLIII

In a ninth process, compounds of Formula I can be prepared from other compounds of Formula I. For example:

(1 ) a compound of Formula I wherein Cy ¹ is substituted with bromine or iodine, A ² is a bond and Cy ² is hydrogen can be reacted with an optionally substituted aryl or heteroarylboronic acid or ester in the presence of a palladium catalyst to give a compound of Formula I wherein A ² is a bond and Cy ² is optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl.

(2) a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is ω-hydroxy(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkyl can be oxidized to a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is ω-carboxy(CrC ₅ )alkyl using Jones reagent.

(3) a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is ω-carboxy(CrC ₆ )alkyl can be coupled with ammonia or a (Ci-C ₆ )alkylamine using a standard peptide coupling reagent such as EDC to afford a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is ω- H ₂ NC(=O)(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl or ω-{(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylNHC(=O)}(C,-C ₆ )alkyl .

(4) a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is ω-hydroxy(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl can be converted to its methanesulfonate or trifluoromethanesulfonate, treated with sodium azide and reduced to give a compound of Formula I, wherein R ¹ is ω-amino(C _r C ₆ )alkyl.

(5) a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is amino(d-C ₆ )alkyl can be reacted with acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride to give a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is {acetylamino}(C _r C ₆ )alkyl. (6) a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is amino(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl can be reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride to give a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is

{methanesulfonylamino}(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl.

(7) a compound of Formula I, wherein R ¹ is (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, is hydroborated to afford a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is hydroxy(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkyl,. (8) a compound of Formula I, wherein R ¹ is (C ₂ -C ₆ )alkenyl, can be reacted with osmium tetroxide and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide to afford a compound of

Formula I wherein R ¹ is vicinal dihydroxy(C ₂ -C ₆ )alkyl,.

(9) a compound of Formula I, wherein R ¹ is H ₂ C=CH(C ₀ -C ₄ )alkyl-, can be reacted with ozone followed by NaBH ₄ to give a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is ω-hydroxy(Ci-C ₅ )alkyl.

(10) a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is amino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl can be reacted with an (Ci-Cβ)alkyl isocyanate to give a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is (C ₁ - C ₆ )alkylaminocarbonylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl.

(1 1 ) a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is amino(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl can be reacted with an (d-C^alkyl chloroformate to give a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkoxycarbonylamino(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl.

(12) a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is amino(CrC ₆ )alkyl can be reacted with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate or sulfamide to give a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is aminosulfonylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl.

(13) a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is amino(C _r C ₆ )alkyl can be reacted with a (Ci-C ₆ )alkylsulfamoyl chloride to give a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is

(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkylaminosulfonylamino(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl.

(14) a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is hydroxy(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl can be reacted with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to give a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is aminosulfonyloxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl. (15) a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is hydroxy(CrC ₆ )alkyl can be reacted with p-nitrophenyl chloroformate, pentafluorophenyl chloroformate or carbonyl diimidazole, followed by ammonia, a (CrCeJalkylamine or a di(C _r C ₆ )alkylamine to give a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is aminocarboxy(C _r C ₆ )alkyl, (d-C ₆ )alkyl aminocarboxy(Ci-C ₆ )alkyl or di(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl aminocarboxy(Ci- C _β )alkyl.

(16) a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is hydroxy(C,-C ₆ )alkyl can be reacted with POCI ₃ to give a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is (HO) ₂ P(=O)O(C ₁ - C _β )alkyl.

(17) a compound of Formula I wherein Cy ¹ is substituted with bromine or iodine, A ² is a bond and Cy ² is hydrogen can be reacted with a cyclic amine in the presence of a palladium catalyst to give a compound of Formula I wherein A ² is a bond and Cy ² is a cyclic amino moiety attached through its nitrogen atom.

(18) a compound of Formula I wherein Q is NR ⁵ and R ⁵ is H can be reacted with an (C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl halide in the presence of a strong base such as sodium hydride to afford a compound of Formula I wherein Q is NR ⁵ and R ⁵ is (Ci-C ₆ )alkyl.

(19) a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ ω-H ₂ NCO(Ci-C ₅ )alkyl can be reacted with TFAA in the presence of pyridine to afford a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is ω-cyano(C ₁ -C ₅ )alkyl.

(20) a compound of Formula I, wherein R ¹ is ω-MeO ₂ C(C ₁ -C ₅ )alkyl can be reacted with at least 2 equivalents of MeMgBr to afford a compound of Formula I, wherein R ¹ or HOC(Me) ₂ (C ₁ -C ₅ )alkyl.

(21 ) a compound of Formula I wherein R ¹ is ω-hydroxy(C ₁ -C ₆ )alkyl can be converted to its methanesulfonate or trifluoromethanesulfonate and reacted with

morpholine to give a compound of Formula I, wherein R ¹ is ω-(4-morpholino)(Cr C _β )alkyl.

The synthetic methods described above are generally applicable when R is

PURIFICATION METHODS

Compounds of the invention can be purified by high pressure liquid chromatography (prep HPLC). Unless otherwise specified, prep HPLC refers to preparative reverse phase HPLC on a C-18 column eluted with a water/acetonitrile gradient containing 0.01% TFA run on a Gilson 215 system.

LC-MS METHODS Method 1 [LC-MS (3 min)]

Column: Chromolith SpeedRod, RP-18e, 50 x 4.6 mm; Mobil phase: A: 0.01%TFA/water, B: 0.01 %TFA/CH ₃ CN; Flow rate: 1 ml_/min; Gradient:

Method 2 (10-80)

Column YMC-PACK ODS-AQ , 50 ^χ 2.0mm 5μm

Mobile A: water (4 L) + TFA (1.5 mL) ) Phase

B: acetonitrile (4 L) + TFA (0.75 mL) )

EXAMPLE 1 (S)-6-phenyl-3-m-tolyl-1 ,3-oxazinan-2-one

K ₂ COyNaI

Step 1

To a solution of (S)-1-phenylpropane-1 ,3-diol (500 mg, 3.28 mmol) and triethylamine (399 mg, 3.94 mmol) in CH ₂ CI ₂ (5 mL) was added 4-methylbenzene-1- sulfonyl chloride (626 mg, 3.28 mol) slowly at 0 ⁰ C, and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction solution was dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC (3:1 Petroleum ether/EtOAc) to give (S)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (576 mg, 57%). ¹ H NMR (400MHz ₁ CDCI ₃ ): δ=1.91-2.00 (m, 3H), 2.48 (s, 2H) ₁ 4.00 (m, 1 H), 4.22 (m, 1 H), 4.75 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.30 (m, 7H), 7.75 (d, 2H).

Step 2

To a solution of the (S)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (100 mg, 0.33 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (2 mL) were added K ₂ CO ₃ (91 mg, 0.66mmol), NaI (12mg, 0.0825 mmol) and m-toluidine (42mg, 0.39mmol). The mixture was refluxed overnight. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc. The filtrate was concentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC (3:1 Petroleum ether/EtOAc) to give (S)-3-(m- tolylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol (45 mg, 57%). ¹ H NMR (400MHz, CDCI ₃ ): δ= 2.05 (m, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 3.40 (s, 2H), 4.90 (m, 1 H), 6.50 (m, 4H), 7.05(m, 1 H), 7.30 (m, 1 H), 7.40 (d, 3H).

Step 3

To a solution of (S)-3-(m-tolylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol (40 mg, 0.17 mmol) in dry CH ₂ CI ₂ (1 mL) was added triethylamine (50 mg, 0.51 mmol) and bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (20 mg, 0.067 mmol) at 0 ⁰ C, and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. When the reaction was over, the mixture was concentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC (3:1 Petroleum ether/EtOAc) to give (S)-6-phenyl-3-m-tolyl-1 ,3-oxazinan -2-one (12 mg, 26%). ¹ H NMR: (400MHz, CDCI ₃ ): δ= 2.24-2.37 (m, 5H), 3.52-3.63 (m, 1 H), 3.70-3.79 (m, 1 H), 5.42 (dd, 1 H) ₁ 7.01-7.10 (m, 3H), 7.18-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.39 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 2

(R)-6-phenyl-3-m-tolyl-1 ,3-oxazinan-2-one

To a solution of (R)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (100 mg, 0.327 mmol) and 1-isocyanato-3-methylbenzene (44 mg, 0.327 mmol) in CH ₂ CI ₂ (2 mL) was added DBU (149 mg, 0.981 mmol) and the reaction mixture was refluxed

overnight. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue was separated by preparative HPLC to give (f?)-6-phenyl-3-m-tolyl-1 ,3-oxazinan-2-one (5.34 mg, 6%:). LC-MS (10-80) t _R = 2.439 min, m/z = 268; ¹ H NMR (CDCI ₃ ): 2.30- 2.34 (m, 5H), 3.63-3.68 (m, 1 H), 3.80-3.86 (m, 1 H), 5.49 (dd, 1 H), 7.09-7.45 (m, 9H).

EXAMPLE 3 (R)-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)-6-phenyl-1 ,3-oxazinan-2-one

The title compound was prepared following a procedure analogous to that described in Example 2 using (f?)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl A- methylbenzenesulfonate and 1-isocyanatonaphthalene. LC-MS (10-80) t _R = 2.625 min, m/z = 304; ¹ H NMR (CDCI ₃ ) δ 2.44-2.55 (m, 3H), 3.64-3.69 (m, 1 H), 3.84-3.91 (m, 1 H), 5.62-5.72 (m, 1 H), 7.38-7.61 (m, 9H), 7.86-7.93 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 4 3-(3-bromophenyl)-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1 ,3-oxazinan-2-one

NH ₂

"Br EtOH/H2O reflux

Step 1

At O ⁰ C, concentrated HCI was added dropwise to Me ₂ NH (40% in water, 5.57mL, 1.1 equiv) to acidify the amine. After the addition, 1-(2- chlorophenyl)ethanone (6.18g, 0.04mol) and paraformaldehyde (1.68g, 1.4 equiv) were added. The mixture was dissolved in ethanol (2OmL) and heated to reflux for 30 h. LC-MS found the starting material was gone. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt. The volatiles were removed in vacuo. EtOAc (3OmL) was added and the

suspension was stirred for 15 min. The solid was collected by filtration and washed with EtOAc (2 xX 5 ml_). The white solid was dried under vacuum to afford 1-(2- chlorophenyl)-3-(dimethylamino)propan-1-one HCI salt (5.17g, 61 % yield). LC-MS (3min) t _R = 0.72 min, m/z 212, 214(M+1 ).

Step 2

A solution of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(dimethylamino)propan-1-one HCI salt (5.17g, 20.85mmol) and 3-bromoaniline (2.27mL, lequiv) in 1 :1 ethanol/water (21 ml_, 1.0M) was heated at reflux overnight. LC-MS found the starting material was gone. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt. The ethanol was removed in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed with 1 % aq HCI (2 x 30 mL), satd aq NaHCO ₃ solution (2OmL), brine (2OmL), and dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ . After filtration and concentration, the residue (6.08g) was purified by chromatography on a 120-g silica cartridge to afford 3-(3- bromophenylamino)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one (2.75g, 40% yield) as an orange oil. LC-MS (3 min) t _R = 2.03 min, m/z = 340, 341 (M+1 ); ¹ H NMR (CDCI ₃ ) δ 7.47(d, 1 H), 7.44-7.38(m, 2H), 7.33(td, 1 H), 7.00(m, 1 H), 6.84(m, 1 H), 6.77(s, 1 H), 6.56(m, 1 H).

Step 3

A solution of 3-(3-bromophenylamino)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one (50mg, 0.148 mmol) in 4:1 THF/methanol (5 mL) was cooled to 0 ⁰ C. NaBH ₄ (11 mg, 2equiv) was added. After 10 min, the mixture was warmed up to rt slowly and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated, diluted with EtOAc (7 mL), washed with 1 % aq HCI (1 mL), and dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ . Filtration and concentration afforded crude 3- (3-bromophenylamino)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)propan-1-ol which was used without further purification. LC-MS (3 min) t _R = 1.93 min, m/z = 342,343(M+1 ).

Step 4 Half of the crude 3-(3-bromophenylamino)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)propan-1-ol

(0.074 mmol) was mixed with triphosgene (7.5mg, 0.34 equiv), i-Pr ₂ NEt (26μL, 2equiv), pyridine (30μL, 5 equiv) and acetonitrile (5mL). The mixture was put in the microwave oven for 30 min at 1 10 ⁰ C. LC-MS found the reaction completed. The mixture was concentrated, redissolved in EtOAc (5mL), washed with 1 % aq HCI (2 x

2ml_), concentrated and purified by preparative HPLC to afford 3-(3-bromo-phenyl)-6- (2-chloro-phenyl)-[1 ,3]oxazinan-2-one (15.2 mg). LC-MS (3min) t _R = 1.86 min., m/z 368,369(M+1 ). ¹ H NMR (CDCI ₃ ) δ 7.63(d, 1 H), 7.56(s, 1 H), 7.43-7.26(m, 6H) ₁ 5.83(d, 1H), 3.88(q, 1 H), 3.67(m, 1 H), 2.55(d, 1 H), 2.17(m, 1 H).

EXAMPLE 5 1-((1 S)-1-(2',4'-difluorobiphenyl-4-yl)ethyl)-4-phenylpiperidin-2 -one

Step 1

3-Phenylglutaric anhydride (1.0 g, 5.26 mmol, 1.0 equiv) was dissolved in toluene (42 mL) and the solution cooled to -78 ⁰ C under an N ₂ atmosphere. In a separate flask triethylamine (0.75 mL, 542 mg, 5.35 mmol, 1.05 equiv) and (R)-1-(4- bromophenyl)ethanamine (1 163 mg, 5.79 mmol, 1.25 equiv) were dissolved in 21 mL of toluene and this solution added drop-wise via syringe over a 0.5 h period and the resulting solution was allowed to stir overnight while warming to rt. After this time 1.0 M aq HCI (~50 mL) was added and the mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. The layers were separated and the organic layer washed with brine, dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and evaporated. The resulting 5-((S)-1-(4- bromophenyl)ethylamino)-5-oxo-3-phenylpentanoic acid (1.92g, 93%) was of sufficient purity to use in the next step.

Step 2

5-((S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylamino)-5-oxo-3-phenylpentanoic acid (1.92 g, 4.92 mmol, 1.0 equiv) was dissolved in THF (30 mL) and the resulting solution cooled to 0 ⁰ C. Borane (1.0 M in THF ₁ 10.5 mL, 10.5 mmol, 2.1 equiv) was added via syringe. After 0.5 h LC-MS showed formation of the alcohol. The excess borane

was quenched by the drop-wise addition of 1.0 M aq HCI and the mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel. The layers were separated and the organic layer washed with brine, dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and evaporated. The resulting N-((S)- 1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)-5-hydroxy-3-phenylpentanamide (~1.9 g, >95% yield) was of sufficient purity to use in the next step.

Step 3

N-((S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)-5-hydroxy-3-phenylpentanamide (~1.9 g, 5 mmol, 1.0 equiv) was dissolved in CH ₂ CI ₂ (30 ml.) and cooled to 0 ⁰ C. Methanesulfonyl chloride (1.15 g, 10 mmol, 2.0 equiv) and triethylamine (2.1 g, 20 mmol, 4.0 equiv) were added sequentially and the resulting mixture stirred for 1 h.

After this time LC-MS analysis showed consumption of the starting alcohol. The mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and the organic layer was washed with 0.1 M aq HCI and brine, dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and evaporated. The mesylate was purified by flash chromatography on silica, eluting with 0-47% EtOAc in hexanes. This provided 5-((S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylamino)-5-oxo-3-phenylpentyl methanesulfonate (834 mg, 37%).

Step 4 Sodium hydride (60% in oil, 294 mg, 7.4 mmol, 4.0 equiv) was slurried in

DMF (10 mL) and cooled to 0 ⁰ C. 5-((S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylamino)-5-oxo-3- phenylpentyl methanesulfonate (834 mg, 1.8 mmol, 1.0 equiv) was dissolved in DMF (5 mL) and the solution added via syringe to the NaH slurry. The flask was rinsed with DMF and the mixture was stirred for 2 h. After this time the mesylate was consumed. The DMF was removed and the residue was taken up in EtOAc/H ₂ O. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and evaporated. The lactam was purified by flash chromatography to provide 1-((S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)-4-phenylpiperidin-2-one (291 mg, 81 %).

Step 5

1-((S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)-4-phenylpiperidin-2-one (291 mg, 0.813 mmol, 1.0 equiv), PdCI ₂ (dppf) (17 mg, 0.020 mmol, 2.5 mol%), Cs ₂ CO ₃ (530 mg, 1.63 mmol. 2.0 equiv), and 2,4-difluorophenylboronic acid (194 mg, 1.72 mmol, 1.5 equiv) were added to a flask which was evacuated and back-filled with nitrogen, This was

repeated twice. Dioxane (20 ml.) was added and the red mixture heated to 70 ⁰ C under nitrogen for 17 h. After this time LC-MS showed formation of the biaryl. The mixture diluted with EtOAc/H ₂ O and transferred to a separatory funnel. The organic layer washed with brine, dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ , filtered and evaporated. The biaryl was purified by flash chromatography. A small portion was purified by prep HPLC to provide the above biaryl-lactam as a mixture of epimers. LC-MS (3 min): t _R = 2.13 min, m/z = 392. ¹ H NMR (CD ₃ OD): δ 7.54-7.42 (m, 5H), 7.32-7.20 (m, 5H), 7.07-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.08 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.28 (m, 1 H), 3.07 (m, 1 H), 2.89 (m, 1 H), 2.75 (m, 1 H), 2.58 (m, 1 H), 2.0 (m, 2H), 1.56 (d, J = 7 Hz, 3H) ppm. The methyl group of the minor diastereomer, -10%, is observed at 1.61 ppm with a similar coupling constant. ¹⁹ F NMR (CD ₃ OD): δ -1 13.8 ("sept"), -115,8 ("q")-

EXAMPLE 6

4(-4-fluorophenyl)-1-((1 S)-1-(4-methoxylphenyl)ethyl)piperidin-2-one

The title compound was prepared following procedures analogous to those described in Example 5 Step 1-4 using 3-(4-fluorophenylglutaric anhydride and (S)- 1 -(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanamine in Step 1. LC-MS (3 min): t _R = 1.79 min, m/z = 350. ¹ H NMR (CD ₃ OD): 7.25 (m, 4H), 7.01 (m, 2H), 6.90 (m, 2), 5.99 (bt, 1 H), 3.76 (S, 3H), 3.1-2.2 (m, 2H), 2.74 (m, 1 H), 2.54 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.53 and 1.48 (d, J = 7Hz, 3H). The two diastereomers are observed in ~2:1 ratio. ¹⁹ F NMR (CD ₃ OD): δ -1 19.

EXAMPLE 7 3-((1 S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-1 ,3-oxazinan-2-one

Step 1

To a stirred solution of 3-chloro-1-(4-fluorophenyl)propan-1-one (789 mg, 4.23 mmol) and J-Pr ₂ NEt (0.91 mL, 5.1 mmol) in THF (10 ml_) was added (S)-1 -(4- bromophenyl)ethanamine (0.68 mL, 4.65 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight at rt and 10% aq K ₂ CO ₃ (10 mL) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.38 g, 6.35 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred overnight at rt and concentrated under reduced pressure. The aqueous residue was extracted with ether (100 mL). The ether extract was washed with 5% aq HCI (20 mL), satd aq NaHCO ₃ (20 mL) and brine (20 mL), and dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ . Removal of the solvent left an oil (3.77 g) which was purified by chromatography on a 40-g silica gel cartridge eluted with a 0-60% EtOAc in hexanes gradient to afford (S)-tert-butyl 1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl(3-(4-fluorophenyl)- 3-oxopropyl)carbamate (2.04 g, quant) as a waxy solid. LC-MS (3 min) t _R = 2.35 min, m/ ₂ = 474, 472, 452, 450, 352, 350.

Step 2

To a stirred solution of (S)-tert-butyl 1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl(3-(4- fluorophenyl)-3-oxopropyl)carbamate (500 mg, 1.1 1 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added an NaBH ₄ caplet (1 g, 26 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (80 mL) and water (20 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated to leave tert-butyl (S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl(3-(4- fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl)carbamate (474 mg, 94%) as an oil. LC-MS (3 min) t _R = 2.33 min, 454. 452, 380, 378.

Step 3

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl(3-(4- fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl)carbamate (474 mg, 1.05 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) was added 60% NaH in oil (250 mg, 10.4 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 3 h. The mixture was diluted with water (20 mL) and EtOAc (80 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with 5% aq HCI (20 mL), satd aq NaHCO ₃ (20 mL) and brine (20 mL), and dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ . Removal of the solvent left an oil (348 mg). A portion of the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC to afford 3-((1 S)-1-(4- bromophenyl)ethyl)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-1 ,3-oxazinan-2-one as a 2:1 mixture of diastereomers based on ¹ H NMR. LC-MS (3 min) t _R = 1.92 min, m/z = 380, 378. ¹ H NMR (CDCI ₃ ) δ [selected resonances of major and minor diastereomers] 1.52 (d, major), 1.59 (d, minor), 3.06 (m, major), 3.31 (m, minor), 5.20 (dd, major), 5.25 (dd, minor).

EXAMPLE 8 1 -((S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)-4-phenyl-1 ,3-diazepan-2-one

Step 1 To a stirred solution of benzoylpropionic acid (2.0O g, 11.2 mmol), (S)-1-(4- bromophenyl)ethanamine (2.25 g, 1 1.2 mmol), HOBt (1.72 g, 11.2 mmol) and i- Pr ₂ NEt (2.2 mL, 12.3 mmol) in CH ₂ CI ₂ (40 mL) was added EDCHCI (2.37 g, 12.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 4 h and diluted with EtOAc (140 mL) and 5% aq HCI (50 mL). The mixture was filtered and (S)-N-(I -(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)-4-oxo- 4-phenylbutanamide (3.80 g, 93%) was collected as a white solid. ¹ H NMR (d ₆ - DMSO) δ 1.28 (d, 3H), 2.50 (m, 2H), 3.19 (m, 2H), 4.82 (m, 1 H), 7.23 (d, 2H), 7.47 (4H), 7.59 (m, 1 H), 7.92 (d, 2H), 8.38 (d, 1 H).

Step 2

A 250-mL RBF equipped with a magnetic stirbar was charged with solid (S)- N-(1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)-4-oxo-4-phenylbutanamide (2.85 g, 7.9 mmol) and placed in an ice bath. To the stirred solid was added 1.0 M BH ₃ in THF (30 ml_, 30 mmol). The ice bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at rt for 2.5 h. The mixture was poured into 5% aq HCI (100 ml_) and concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the THF. The aqueous residue was basified to pH 14 by portionwise addition of NaOH pellets. The mixture was extracted with CH ₂ CI ₂ (2 x 100 mL). The combined CH ₂ CI ₂ extracts were dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ . Removal of the solvent afforded crude 4-((S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylamino)-1-phenylbutan-1-ol (2.58' g, 94%) as an oil. LC-MS Method 1 t _R = 1.20 min, m/z = 348, 350.

Step 3 To a stirred solution of crude 4-((S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethylamino)-1- phenylbutan-1-ol (2.46 g, 7.1 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was added 10% aq K ₂ CO ₃ (40 mL), followed by di-t-butyl dicarbonate (1.90 g, 8.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight at rt and concentrated to remove THF. The aqueous residue was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 80 mL). The combined EtOAc extracts were washed with brine (40 mL) and dried over MgSO ₄ . Removal of the solvent left tert-butyl (S)-1-(4- bromophenyl)ethyl(4-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl)carbamate (3.24 g, quant). LC-MS Method 1 t _R = 1.20 min, m/z = 472, 470, 350, 348.

Step 4 To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl(4-hydroxy-4- phenylbutyl)carbamate (3.24 g, 7.1 mmol) in CH ₂ CI ₂ (20 mL) at rt was added 15% Dess-Martin periodinane solution in CH ₂ CI ₂ (23 mL, 10.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight at rt. Satd aq NaHCO ₃ (50 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred for 10 min. Solid Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃ (5 g) was added and stirring was continued for 1 h. The mixture was extracted with CH ₂ CI ₂ (2 x 100 mL) and the combined organic layer was washed with brine (35 mL) and dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ . Removal of the solvent left an amber oil (3.19 g) which was purified by chromatography on a 40-g silica cartridge eluted with a 0-100% EtOAc in hexanes gradient to afford (S)-tert-butyl 1-(4-

bromophenyl)ethyl(4-oxo-4-phenylbutyl)carbamate (2.32 g, 72%) as a yellow oil. LC- MS Method 1 t _R = 2.40 min, m/z = 470, 468, 348, 346.

Step 5 To a stirred solution of (S)-tert-butyl 1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl(4-oxo-4- phenylbutyl)carbamate (193 mg, 0.43 mmol) and NH ₄ OAc (670 mg, 8.6 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) was added NaCNBH ₃ (270 mg, 4.3 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 22 h and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between 1 M aq NaOH (25 mL) and CH ₂ CI ₂ (2 x 50 mL). The combined CH ₂ CI ₂ layers were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over Na ₂ SO ₄ and concentrated to afford tert-butyl 4-amino-4-phenylbutyl((1 S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)carbamate (179 mg, 93%) as an oil which was used without further purification. LC-MS Method 1 t _R = 1.57 min, m/z = 449, 447.

Step 6

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-amino-4-phenylbutyl((1 S)-1-(4- bromophenyl)ethyl)carbamate (179 mg, 0.40 mmol) in CH ₂ CI ₂ (5 mL) at rt was added 4 M HCI in dioxane (5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1 h and concentrated to afford N ¹ -((1 S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)-4-phenylbutane-1 ,4-diamine dihydrochloride (162 mg, 96%). LC-MS Method 1 t _R = 0.92 min, m/z = 349, 347.

Step 7

A stirred solution of N ¹ -((1 S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)-4-phenylbutane-1 ,4- diamine dihydrochloride (19.5 mg, 0.046 mmol) and i-Pr ₂ NEt (0.10 mL, 0.56 mmol) in CH ₂ CI ₂ (8 mL) was cooled in an ice bath and solid triphosgene (4.6 mg, 0.015 mmol) was added. The ice bath was allowed to melt and the mixture was stirred overnight at rt. The mixture was diluted with ether (90 mL), washed with 5% aq HCI (20 mL) and satd aq NaHCO ₃ (20 mL), and dried over MgSO ₄ . Removal of the solvent left a residue (17.5 mg) which was purified by preparative HPLC to afford 1-((S)-1 -(4- bromophenyl)ethyl)-4-phenyl-1 ,3-diazepan-2-one (1.4 mg, 8%). LC-MS (3 min) t _R = 2.05 min, m/z = 375, 373.

BIOLOGICAL TEST EXAMPLE 1

The inhibition of microsomal preparation of 11 β-HSD1 by compounds of the invention was measured essentially as previously described (K. Solly, S. S. Mundt, H.J. Zokian, G.J. Ding, A. Hermanowski-Vosatka, B. Strulovici, and W. Zheng, High- Throughput Screening of 11-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 in Scintillation Proximity Assay Format. Assay Drug Dev Technol 3 (2005) 377-384). All reactions were carried out at rt in 96 well clear flexible PET Microbeta plates (PerkinElmer). The assay begins by dispensing 49 μl of substrate solution (5OmM HEPES, pH 7.4, 10OmM KCI, 5mM NaCI ₁ 2mM MgCI ₂ , 2 mM NADPH and 160 nM [ ³ H]cortisone (1 Ci/mmol)) and mixing in 1 μL of the test compounds in DMSO previously diluted in half-log increments (8 points) starting at 0.1 mM. After a 10 minute pre-incubation, 50 μL of enzyme solution containing microsomes isolated from CHO cells overexpressing human 1 1 β-HSD1 (10-20 μg/ml of total protein) was added, and the plates were incubated for 90 minutes at rt. The reaction was stopped by adding 50 μl of the SPA beads suspension containing 10 μM 1 δβ-glycyrrhetinic acid, 5 mg/ml protein A coated YSi SPA beads (GE Healthcare) and 3.3 μg/ml of anti-cortisol antibody (East Coast Biologies) in Superblock buffer (Bio-Rad). The plates were shaken for 120 minutes at rt, and the SPA signal corresponding to [ ³ H]cortisol was measured on a Microbeta plate reader.

BIOLOGICAL TEST EXAMPLE 2

The inhibition of 11β-HSD1 by compounds of this invention was measured in whole cells as follows. Cells for the assay were obtained from two sources: fully differentiated human omental adipocytes from Zen-Bio, Inc.; and human omental pre- adipocytes from Lonza Group Ltd. Pre-differentiated omental adipocytes from Zen- Bio Inc. were purchased in 96-well plates and were used in the assay at least two weeks after differentiation from precursor preadipocytes. Zen-Bio induced differentiation of pre-adipocytes by supplementing medium with adipogenic and lipogenic hormones (human insulin, dexamethasone, isobutylmethylxanthine and PPAR-gamma agonist). The cells were maintained in full adipocyte medium (DMEM/Ham's F-12 (1 :1 , v/v), HEPES pH 7.4, fetal bovine serum, penicillin, streptomycin and Amphotericin B, supplied by Zen-Bio, Inc.) at 37 ⁰ C, 5% CO ₂ .

Pre-adipocytes were purchased from Lonza Group Ltd. and placed in culture in Preadipocyte Growth Medium-2 supplemented with fetal bovine serum, penicillin, and streptomycin (supplied by Lonza) at 37 ⁰ C, 5% CO ₂ . Pre-adipocytes were

differentiated by the addition of insulin, dexamethasone, indomethacin and isobutyl- methylxanthine (supplied by Lonza) to the Preadipocyte Growth Medium-2. Cells were exposed to the differentiating factors for 7 days, at which point the cells were differentiated and ready for the assay. One day before running the assay, the differentiated omental adipocytes were transferred into serum- and phenol-red-free medium for overnight incubation. The assay was performed in a total volume of 200 μL. The cells were pre-incubated with serum-free, phenol-red-free medium containing 0.1% (v/v) of DMSO and various concentrations of the test compounds at least 1 h before [ ³ H] cortisone in ethanol (50Ci/mmol, ARC, Inc.) was added to achieve a final concentration of cortisone of 100 nM. The cells were incubated for 3- 4 hrs at 37 ⁰ C, 5% CO ₂ . Negative controls were incubated without radioactive substrate and received the same amount of [ ³ H] cortisone at the end of the incubation. Formation of [ ³ H] Cortisol was monitored by analyzing 25 μL of each supernatant in a scintillation proximity assay (SPA). (Solly, K.; Mundt, S. S.;Zokian, H.J.;Ding, G. J.; Hermanowski-Vosatka, A.; Strulovici, B.; Zheng, W. Assay Drug Dev. Technol. 2005, 3, 377-384). Many compounds of the invention showed significant activity in this assay.

TABLE OF BIOLOGICAL ASSAY RESULTS

Biological Test

Compound Example 1

Average %

Average %

IC ₅₀ Range ³ inhibition at 1 11.1 inhibition at 100 nM nM

EXAMPLE 1 + 13.7

EXAMPLE 2 + 27.2

EXAMPLE 3 + -5.9

EXAMPLE 4 + 22.5

EXAMPLE 5 ++ 94.5

EXAMPLE 6 ++ 89.4

EXAMPLE 7 ++ 90.1

EXAMPLE 8 ++ 100.3

^a ++ means IC ₅₀ = <100 nM, + means IC ₅₀ = 100 - 1000 nM, # means IC ₅₀ > 100 nM,

- means IC ₅₀ > 1000 nM.

PROPHETIC COMPOUNDS

R'

Compound _A ,. _{R1 Qyl}

A2 Cf R ²

1a CHMe Ph bond H bond Ph

2a CHMe 4-CI-Ph bond H bond ι-Pr

3a CHMe Ph bond H bond 2-Me-Ph

4a CHMe Ph bond H bond 4-Me-Ph

5a CHMe Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph

6a CHMe c-hex bond H bond 4-F-Ph

7a CHMe 3-MeO-Ph bond H bond Ph

δa CHMe 4-HOCH2-PH bond H bond Ph

9a CHMe 4-MeO-Ph bond H bond Ph

a CHMe 4-Me-Ph bond bond 4-F-Ph1a CHMe 4-CI-Ph bond bond Ph a CHMe 3-F-Ph bond bond 4-F-Ph a CHMe 2-F-Ph bond bond 4-F-Ph a CHMe 4-F-Ph bond bond 4-F-Ph a CHMe 4-HOCH2CH2-PI1 bond bond Pha CHMe 4-MeOCH ₂ -Ph bond H bond Pha CHMe 4-Br-Ph bond H bond ι-Pra CHMe Ph bond H bond 4-MeS-Pha CHMe 4-HOCH ₂ -Ph bond H bond 4-F-Pha CHMe 4-MeO-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Pha bond 1 ,3-CeH* bond Ph bond Pha bond 3-Br-Ph bond H bond Pha CHMe 4-CI-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Pha CHMe 1,4-CeH* bond c-Pr bond 4-F-Ph

1-(t-a bond BuOC=O)pyrrolιdin- bond H bond Ph 3-yl a bond 1,3-C ₆ H* bond 3-F-Ph bond Pha bond 1,3-C ₆ H* bond 4-F-Ph bond Pha bond 1 ,3-C ₆ H4 bond 2-F-Ph bond Pha CHMe Ph bond 3-pyrazolyl bond Pha bond 2,6-pyrιdy! bond 4-F-Ph bond Pha CHMe 4-(HOC(Me) ₂ CH ₂ -Ph bond H bond Ph

a bond 1 ,3-CeH ₄ bond 2-NC-Ph bond Pha CHMe 4-MeO ₂ C-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Pha CHMe 4-HOC(Me)2-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Pha CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 4-pyridyl bond Pha CHMe 1 ,4-CeH ₄ bond 3-pyridyl bond Pha CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond i-Pra bond 1 ,3-CeH ₄ bond 2-MeO-Ph bond Pha CHMe 4-Br-Ph bond H bond Pha CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 2-thienyl bond Pha bond 1,3-CeH ₄ bond 2-CI-Ph bond Pha bond 1,3-CeH4 bond 3-CI-Ph bond Pha bond 1,3-CeH ₄ bond Ph bond 3-CI-Pha CHMe 4-F2HCO-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Pha bond 1,3-C ₆ H4 bond 2,5-diF-Ph bond Pha bond 1,3-CeH ₄ bond 3,5-diF-Ph bond Pha bond 1,3-CeH- bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond Pha bond 1,3-C ₆ H ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond Pha CHMe 4-Br-Ph bond H bond 2-thienyla bond U-C6H4 bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond 2-pyridyla bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Pha bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Pha bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond Ph

54a CHMe 3-CF3-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph

55a CHMe 4-CF3-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph

56a CHEt 4-Br-Ph bond H bond Ph

57a CHMe 1,4-CeH-ι bond 2-oxo-5-(1 ,2-dιhydropyπdyl) bond Ph

58a CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 1 -oxo-3-pyπdyl bond Ph

59a CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond Ph

60a CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 3-pyrιdyl bond 4-F-Ph

61a CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 5-F-3-pyπdyl bond Ph

62a CHMe 4-Br-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph

63a CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-thιenyl

64a bond 1,3-CeH ₄ bond 2-CI-4-F-Ph bond Ph

65a bond 2,6-pyrιdyl bond 2-CI-4-F-Ph bond Ph

66a bond 1 ,3-(4-F)C6H3 bond 4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

67a bond 1,3-(4-F)C6H3 bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

68a bond 2,6-pyrιdyl bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

69a bond 2,6-pyrιdyl bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

70a CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-morpholιnyl bond 4-F-Ph

71a CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2-MeO-5-pyπdyl bond Ph

72a CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 1-Me-6-oxo-3-(1 ,6- dihydropyπdyl) bond Ph

73a CHEt 1 ,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond Ph

74a CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2-Me-4-pyrιdyl bond 4-F-Ph

75a CHEt 4-Br-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph

76a CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

77a CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond Ph

78a CHMe 1,4-CeKU bond 4-F-Ph bond 3-F-Ph

79a CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

80a CHMe 1,4-CeKU bond 5-F-3-pyrιdyl bond 4-F-Ph

81a CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 5-Me-1,3,4-thιadιazol-2-yl bond 4-F-Ph

82a bond 1,3-C ₆ H, bond 2,6-dιCI-Ph bond Ph

83a CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 2-thιenyl

84a bond 2,6-pyndyl bond 2-CI-4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

85a bond 2,6-pyrιdyl bond 2-CI-4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

86a bond 2,6-(5-CI)-pyrιdyl bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

87a bond 1,3-(4-F)CeH ₃ bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

88a bond 1,3-(4-F)CeH ₃ bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

89a CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 5-MeCO-2-thιenyl bond Ph

90a CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 5-MeO-3-pyrιdyl bond 4-F-Ph

91a CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 5-(H2NCHMe)-2-thιenyl bond Ph

92a CHEt 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond Ph

93a CHEt 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

94a CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 5-(HOCHMe)-2-thιenyl bond Ph

95a CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2,4-dιMe-5-thιazolyl bond 4-F-Ph

96a CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 5-CI-3-pyrιdyl bond 4-F-Ph

97a CHMe 1 ,4-CeH ₄ bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

98a bond 1,3-(4-F)C ₆ H ₃ bond 2-CM-F-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

99a bond 2,6-(5-F)-pyridyl bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

100a CHEt 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

101a CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 3-(CF3)-1-pyrazolyl bond 4-F-Ph

102a CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ 6-CF3-3-Dvridvl bond 4-F-Ph

Cy ,1 _ = 1 ,3-C ₆ H ₄ means Cy ¹ = 1 ,4-C ₆ H ₄ means

Cy ¹ = 1 ,3-(4-F)C ₆ H ₃ means Cy ¹ = 2,6-(5-CI)-pyridyl means

R ^{2 '}

Compound _A ,_ _R , _Cy1

A2 Cy ² R2

1b CHMe Ph bond H bond Ph

2b CHMe ^■ 4-CI-Ph bond H bond i-Pr

3b CHMe Ph bond H bond 2-Me-Ph

b CHMe Ph bond bond 4-Me-Ph b CHMe Ph bond bond 4-F-Phb CHMe c-hex bond bond 4-F-Ph b CHMe 3-MeO-Ph bond bond Ph b CHMe 4-HOCH ₂ -Ph bond bond Ph b CHMe 4-MeO-Ph bond bond Ph0b CHMe 4-Me-Ph bond bond 4-F-Ph1b CHMe 4-CI-Ph bond bond Ph2b CHMe 3-F-Ph bond bond 4-F-Ph3b CHMe 2-F-Ph bond bond 4-F-Ph4b CHMe 4-F-Ph bond bond 4-F-Ph5b CHMe 4-HOCH ₂ CH ₂ -Ph bond bond Ph6b CHMe 4-MeOCH ₂ -Ph bond H bond Ph7b CHMe 4-Br-Ph bond H bond i-Pr b CHMe Ph bond H bond 4-MeS-Ph b CHMe 4-HOCH ₂ -Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph b CHMe 4-MeO-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph1b bond 1,3-CβH, bond Ph bond Ph b bond 3-Br-Ph bond H bond Ph b CHMe 4-CI-Ph bond bond 4-F-Ph b CHMe 1 ,4-CeH ₄ bond c-Pr bond 4-F-Ph

1-(t-b bond BuOC=O)pyrrolidin- bond H bond Ph

3-yl

b bond 1,3-CeHU bond 3-F-Ph bond Phb bond 1,3-CeH4 bond 4-F-Ph bond Phb bond 1,3-C ₆ H-) bond 2-F-Ph bond Phb CHMe Ph bond 3-pyrazolyl bond Phb bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph bond Phb CHMe 4-(HOC(Me)2CH ₂ -Ph bond bond Phb bond 1,3-C ₆ H ₄ bond 2-NC-Ph bond Phb CHMe 4-Meθ2C-Ph bond bond 4-F-Phb CHMe 4-HOC(Me) ₂ -Ph bond bond 4-F-Phb CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 4-pyridyl bond Phb CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 3-pyridyl bond Phb CHMe 1,4-CeH4 bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond i-Prb bond 1,3-C ₆ H4 bond 2-MeO-Ph bond Phb CHMe 4-Br-Ph bond H bond Phb CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 2-thienyl bond Phb bond 1,3-CeH4 bond 2-CI-Ph bond Phb bond 1,3-C ₆ H4 bond 3-CI-Ph bond Phb bond 1,3-C ₆ H ₄ bond Ph bond 3-CI-Phb CHMe 4-F2HCO-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Phb bond 1,3-CeH ₄ bond 2,5-diF-Ph bond Phb bond 1,3-CeH ₄ bond 3,5-diF-Ph bond Phb bond 1,3-CeH ₄ bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond Ph

b bond 1 ,3-C ₆ H ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond Phb CHMe 4-Br-Ph bond H bond 2-thienylb bond 1.3-C6H4 bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond 2-pyridylb bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Phb bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Phb bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond Phb CHMe 3-CF3-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Phb CHMe 4-CF3-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Phb CHEt 4-Br-Ph bond H bond Phb CHMe 1 ,4-CeH, bond 2-oxo-5-(1 ,: Phb CHMe 1 ,4-CβH4 bond 1-oxo-3-pyr bond Phb CHMe 1 ,4-CβH, bond 4-F-Ph bond Phb CHMe 1 ,4-C ₆ H, bond 3-pyridyl bond 4-F-Phb CHMe 1 ,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 5-F-3-pyrid) bond Phb CHMe 4-Br-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Phb CHMe 1 ,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-thienylb bond 1 ,3-C ₆ H ₄ bond 2-CI-4-F-Ph bond Phb bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 2-CI-4-F-Ph bond Phb bond 1 ,3-(4-F)C6H3 bond 4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Phb bond 1 ,3-(4-F)C6H3 bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Phb bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond 4-F-Phb bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

70b CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-morpholinyl bond 4-F-Ph

71b CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2-MeO-5-pyridyl bond Ph

72b 1-Me-6-oxo-3-(1,6-

CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond bond Ph dihydropyridyl)

73b CHEt 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond Ph

74b CHMe 1 ,4-CeH ₄ bond 2-Me-4-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph

75b CHEt 4-Br-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph

76b CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

77b CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond Ph

78b CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond 3-F-Ph

79b CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

80b CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 5-F-3-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph

81b CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 5-Me-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl bond 4-F-Ph

82b bond 1 ,3-CeH ₄ bond 2,6-diCI-Ph bond Ph

83b CHMe 1 ,4-CeH ₄ bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond 2-thιenyl

84b bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 2-CI-4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

85b bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 2-CI-4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

86b bond 2,6-(5-CI)-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

87b bond 1,3-(4-F)CeH ₃ bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

88b bond 1,3-(4-F)CsHs bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

89b CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 5-MeCO-2-thienyl bond Ph

90b CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 5-MeO-3-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph

91b CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 5-(H ₂ NCHMe)-2-thienyl bond Ph

92b CHEt 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond Ph

93b CHEt 1 ,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

94b CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 5-(HOCHMe)-2-thιenyl bond Ph

95b CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 2,4-diMe-5-thiazolyl bond 4-F-Ph

96b CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 5-CI-3-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph

97b CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

98b bond 1,3-(4-F)CeH ₃ bond 2-CI-4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

99b bond 2,6-(5-F)-pyri( bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

100b CHEt 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

101b CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 3-(CF3)-1-pyrazolyl bond 4-F-Ph

102b CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 6-CF3-3-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph

Cy ¹ = 1 ,3-C ₆ H ₄ means Cy ¹ = 1 ,4-C ₆ H ₄ means )C ₆ H ₃ means 2,6-(5-CI)-pyridyl means

Compound _A ,. _{R1 Cyl}

A2 Cf R ²

1c CHMe Ph bond H bond Ph

2c CHMe 4-CI-Ph bond H bond i-Pr

3c CHMe Ph bond H bond 2-Me-Ph

4c CHMe Ph bond H bond 4-Me-Ph

5c CHMe Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph

6c CHMe c-hex bond H bond 4-F-Ph

7c CHMe 3-MeO-Ph bond H bond Ph

8c CHMe 4-HOCH ₂ -Ph bond H bond Ph

9c CHMe 4-MeO-Ph bond H bond Ph

10c CHMe 4-Me-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph

11c CHMe 4-CI-Ph bond H bond Ph

12c CHMe 3-F-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph

13c CHMe 2-F-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph

14c CHMe 4-F-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph

15c CHMe 4-HOCH ₂ CH ₂ -Ph bond H bond Ph

16c CHMe 4-MeOCH ₂ -Ph bond H bond Ph

c CHMe 4-Br-Ph bond bond i-Pr c CHMe Ph bond bond 4-MeS-Ph c CHMe 4-HOCH2-Ph bond bond 4-F-Ph c CHMe 4-MeO-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph c bond 1,3-C ₆ H ₄ bond Ph bond Ph c bond 3-Br-Ph bond H bond Ph c CHMe 4-CI-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph c CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond c-Pr bond 4-F-Ph

1-(t-c bond BuOC=O)pyrrolidin- bond H bond Ph 3-yl c bond 1,3-C ₆ H ₄ bond 3-F-Ph bond Ph c bond 1,3-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond Ph c bond 1.3-CeH ₄ bond 2-F-Ph bond Ph c CHMe Ph bond 3-pyrazolyl bond Ph c bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph bond Ph c CHMe 4-(HOC(Me)2CH ₂ -Ph bond bond Ph c bond 1 ,3-C ₆ H ₄ bond 2-NC-Ph bond Ph c CHMe 4-Meθ2C-Ph bond bond 4-F-Ph c CHMe 4-HOC(Me)2-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Phc CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-pyπdyl bond Phc CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 3-pyridyl bond Phc CHMe 1,4-CeH4 bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond i-Prc bond 1,3-C ₆ H ₄ bond 2-MeO-Ph bond Ph

c CHMe 4-Br-Ph bond H bond Phc CHMe 1 ,4-CeH ₄ bond 2-thienyl bond Phc bond 1,3-CeH ₄ bond 2-CI-Ph bond Phc bond 1,3-C ₆ H ₄ bond 3-CI-Ph bond Phc bond 1,3-CeH ₄ bond Ph bond 3-CI-Phc CHMe 4-F2HCO-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Phc bond 1,3-CeH ₄ bond 2,5-diF-Ph bond Phc bond 1,3-CeH ₄ bond 3,5-diF-Ph bond Phc bond 1,3-C ₆ H ₄ bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond Phc bond 1,3-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond Phc CHMe 4-Br-Ph bond bond 2-thienylc bond 1.3-C6H4 bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond 2-pyridylc bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Phc bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Phc bond 2,6-pyridyl bond 2,4-diF-Ph bond Phc CHMe 3-CF3-Ph bond bond 4-F-Phc CHMe 4-CF3-Ph bond bond 4-F-Phc CHEt 4-Br-Ph bond bond Phc CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2-oxo-5-(1,2-dihydropyridyl) bond Phc CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 1-oxo-3-pyridyl bond Phc CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond Phc CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 3-pyridyl bond 4-F-Ph

61c CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H, bond 5-F-3-pyrιdyl bond Ph

62c CHMe 4-Br-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph

63c CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-thιenyl

64c bond 1,3-CeH, bond 2-C!-4-F-Ph bond Ph

65c bond 2,6-pyrιdyl bond 2-CI-4-F-Ph bond Ph

66c bond 1,3-(4-F)C6H3 bond 4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

67c bond 1,3-(4-F)C6H3 bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

68c bond 2,6-pyrιdyl bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

69c bond 2,6-pyrιdy! bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

70c CHMe 1,4-CeH4 bond 4-morpholιnyl bond 4-F-Ph

71c CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2-MeO-5-pyrιdyl bond Ph

72c 1-Me-6-oxo-3-(1

CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond bond Ph dihydropyridyl)

73c CHEt 1,4-CeH4 bond 4-F-Ph bond Ph

74c CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2-Me-4-pyrιdyl bond 4-F-Ph

75c CHEt 4-Br-Ph bond H bond 4-F-Ph

76c CHMe 1 ,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

77c CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond Ph

78c CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond 3-F-Ph

79c CHMe 1 ,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

80c CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 5-F-3-pyπdyl bond 4-F-Ph

81c CHMe 1 ,4-CeH ₄ bond 5-Me-1,3,4-thιad bond 4-F-Ph

82c bond 1 ,3-CeH ₄ bond 2.6-dιCI-Ph bond Ph

83c CHMe 1 ,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 2-thιenyl

84c bond 2,6-pyrιdyl bond 2-CI-4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

85c bond 2,6-pyrιdyl bond 2-CI-4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

86c bond 2,6-(5-CI)-pyrιdyl bond 4-F-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

87c bond 1,3-(4-F)C ₆ H ₃ bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

88c bond 1,3-(4-F)C ₆ H ₃ bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

89c CHMe 1,4-CeH-ι bond 5-MeCO-2-thιenyl bond Ph

90c CHMe 1,4-C ₅ H ₄ bond 5-MeO-3-pyrιdyl bond 4-F-Ph

91c CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H4 bond 5-(H ₂ NCHMe)-2-thιenyl bond Ph

92c CHEt 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond Ph

93c CHEt 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

94c CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 5-(HOCHMe)-2-thιenyl bond Ph

95c CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2,4-dιMe-5-thιazolyl bond 4-F-Ph

96c CHMe 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 5-CI-3-pyrιdyl bond 4-F-Ph

97c CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

98c bond 1,3-(4-F)C ₆ H ₃ bond 2-CI-4-F-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

99c bond 2,6-(5-F)-pyrιdyl bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 2-F-Ph

100c CHEt 1,4-C ₆ H ₄ bond 2,4-dιF-Ph bond 4-F-Ph

101c CHMe 1 ,4-CeH ₄ bond 3-(CF ₃ )-1-pyrazolyl bond 4-F-Ph

102c CHMe 1,4-CeH ₄ bond 6-CF ₃ -3-pyrιdyl bond 4-F-Ph

Cy ¹ = 1 ,3-C ₆ H ₄ means Cy = 1 ,4-C ₆ H ₄ means

Cy ¹ = 1 ,3-(4-F)C ₆ H ₃ means Cy ¹ = 2,6-(5-CI)-pyridyl means

The compounds of the invention are useful for ameliorating or treating disorders or diseases in which decreasing the level of Cortisol is effective in treating a disease state. Thus, the compounds of the invention can be used in the treatment or prevention of diabetes mellitus, obesity, symptoms of metabolic syndrome, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemica, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, lipodystrophy, osteoporosis, glaucoma, Cushing's syndrome, Addison's Disease, visceral fat obesity associated with glucocorticoid therapy, depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, cognitive decline (including age-related cognitive decline), polycystic ovarian syndrome, infertility and hypergonadism. In addition, the compounds modulate the function of B and T cells of the immune system and can therefore be used to treat diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy and psoriasis. They can also be used to promote wound healing, particularly in diabetic patients.

The disclosed compounds can be used alone (i.e. as a monotherapy) or in combination with another therapeutic agent effective for treating any of the above indications. The pharmaceutical compositions can comprise the disclosed compounds alone as the the only pharmaceutically active agent or can comprise one or more additional pharmaceutically active agents.

A pharmaceutical composition of the invention may, alternatively or in addition to a compound of Formula I, I ₁ -I ₂ S, Ia _n-3 -IJi _-3 . comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of Formula I, IH ₂ 6, Ia _1-3 -IJL ₃ Or a prodrug or pharmaceutically active metabolite of such a compound or salt and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers therefore. Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the invention may comprise a compound of Formula I, I ₁ -I _2S , Ia _1-3 -Ij _{1-3 ,} or a pharmaceutical salt thereof as the only pharmaceutically active agent in the pharmaceutical composition.

A pharmaceutical composition of the invention may, alternatively or in addition to a compound of Formula I, Ii-I ₂₆ , Ia _L3 -Ij ₁ - _S , comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of Formula I or a prodrug or pharmaceutically active metabolite of such a compound or salt and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers therefore

The compositions of the invention are 11 β-HSD1 inhibitors Said compositions contain compounds having a mean inhibition constant (IC ₅₀ ) against 11 β-HSD1 of below about 1 ,000 nM, preferably below about 100 nM, more preferably below about 50 nM, even more preferably below about 5 nM, and most preferably below about 1 nM

The invention includes a therapeutic method for treating or ameliorating an 11 β-HSD1 mediated disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, I ₁ -I ₂₆ , Ia _{1 3} - Ij _L3 , or an enantiomer, diastereomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of composition thereof As used herein, "treating" or "treatment" includes both therpaeutic and prophylactic treatment Therapeutic treatment includes reducing the symptoms associated with a disease or condition and/or increasing the longevity of a subject with the disease or condition Prophylactic treatment includes delaying the onset of a disease or condition in a subject at risk of developing the disease or condition or reducing the hklihood that a subject will then develop the disease or condition in a subject that is at risk for developing the disease or condition

An embodiment of the invention includes administering an 11β-HSD1 inhibiting compound of Formula I, I ₁ -I ₂₆ , Ia ₁ 3-Ij _{1 3} or composition thereof in a combination therapy with one or more additional agents for the treatment of diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, cancer or glaucoma Agents for the treatment of diabetes include insulins, such as Humuhn® (EIi Lilly), Lantus® (Sanofi Aventis), Novohn (Novo Nordisk), and Exubera® (Pfizer), PPAR gamma agonists, such as Avandia® (rosiglitizone maleate, GSK) and Actos® (pioghtazone hydrochloride, Takeda/Eli Lilly), sulfonylureas, such as Amaryl® (glimepiπde, Sanofi Aventis), Diabeta® (glyburide, Sanofi Aventis),

Mιcronase®/Glynase® (glyburide, Pfizer), and Glucotrol®/Glucotrol XL® and (glipizide, Pfizer), meglitinides, such as Prandιn®/NovoNorm® (repaglinide, Novo Nordisk), Starlix® (nateghnide, Novartis), and Glufast® (mitiglinide, Takeda), biguanides, such as Glucophase®/Glucophase XR® (metformin HCI, Bristol Myers

Squibb) and Glumetza (metformin HCI, Depomed); thiazolidinediones; amylin analogs, GLP-1 analogs; DPP-IV inhibitors; PTB-1 B inhibitors; protein kinase inhibitors (including AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitors); glucagon antagonists, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors; glucose-6-phoshatase inhibitors; glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors; sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitors, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, such as Precose®/Glucobay®/Prandase®/Glucor® (acarbose, Bayer) and Glyset® (miglitol, Pfizer). Agents for the treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease include statins, fibrates, and ezetimbe. Agents for the treatment of hypertension include alpha-blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, dual ACE and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), aldosterone synthase inhibitor, aldosterone-receptor antagonists, or endothelin receptor antagonist. Agents for the treatment of obesity include orlistat, phentermine, sibutramine and rimonabant. An embodiment of the invention includes administering an 1 1 β-HSD1 inhibiting compound of Formula I, Ii-I ₂₆ , Ia _L3 -IJv ₃ Or composition thereof in a combination therapy with one or more other 11β-HSD1 inhibitors (whether such inhibitors are also compounds of Formula I or are compounds of a different class/genus), or with combination products, such as Avandamet® (metformin HCI and rosiglitazone maleate, GSK); Avandaryl® (glimepihde and rosiglitazone maleate, GSK); Metaglip® (glipizide and metformin HCI, Bristol Myers Squibb); and Glucovance® (glyburide and metformin HCI, Bristol Myers Squibb).

The compounds of the present invention can be prepared and administered in a wide variety of oral and parenteral dosage forms. Thus, the compounds of the present invention can be administered by injection, that is, intravenously, intramuscularly, intracutaneously, subcutaneously, intraduodenally, or intraperitoneal^. Additionally, the compounds of the present invention can be administered intranasally or transdermally. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the following dosage forms may comprise as the active ingredient, either compounds or a corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of the present invention.

For preparing pharmaceutical compositions from the compounds of the present invention, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can either be solid or liquid. Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, pills, capsules, cachets,

suppositories, and dispersible granules A solid carrier can be one or more substances which may also act as diluents, flavoring agents, solubihzers, lubricants, suspending agents, binders, preservatives, tablet disintegrating agents, or an encapsulating material In powders, the carrier is a finely divided solid which is in a mixture with the finely divided active ingredient

In tablets, the active ingredient is mixed with the carrier having the necessary binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired

The powders and tablets preferably contain from about one to about seventy percent of the active ingredient Suitable carriers are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium caboxymethylcellulose, a low-melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like Tablets, powders, cachets, lozenges, fast-melt strips, capsules and pills can be used as solid dosage forms containing the active ingredient suitable for oral administration

For preparing suppositories, a low-melting wax, such as a mixture of fatty acid glyceπdes or cocoa butter, is first-melted and the active ingredient is dispersed homogeneously therein, as by stirring The molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool, and thereby to solidify Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions, retention enemas, and emulsions, for example, water or water propylene glycol solutions For parenteral injection, liquid preparations can be formulated in solution in aqueous polyethylene glycol solution

Aqueous solutions suitable for oral administration can be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in water and adding suitable colorants, flavors, stabilizing, and thickening agents as desired Aqueous suspensions for oral administration can be prepared by dispersing the finely divided active ingredient in water with viscous material, such as natural or synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and other well-known suspending agents

The pharmaceutical composition is preferably in unit dosage form In such form, the composition is subdivided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active ingredient The unit dosage form can be a packaged preparation, the package containing discrete quantities of, for example, tablets, powders, and

capsules in vials or ampules. Also, the unit dosage form can be a tablet, cachet, capsule, or lozenge itself, or it can be the appropriate amount of any of these in packaged form.

The quantity of active ingredient in a unit dose preparation may be varied or adjusted from about 0.1 mg to about 1000.0 mg, preferably from about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg. The dosages, however, may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient, the severity of the condition being treated, and the compound being employed. Determination of the proper dosage for a particular situation is within the skill in the art. Also, the pharmaceutical composition may contain, if desired, other compatible therapeutic agents.

In therapeutic treatment or as a method-of-use as an inhibitor of 1 1 β-HSD1 or an inhibitor in the production of Cortisol in the cell, the active ingredient is preferably administered orally in a solid dosage form as disclosed above in an amount of about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg per daily dose where the dose is administered once or more than once daily.

All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually designated as having been incorporated by reference. It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only, and it will be appreciated that the invention is susceptible to modification, variation and change without departing from the proper scope or fair meaning of the appended claims.