FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Present invention particularly relates to improved dental implant system for enhancing secondary stability. Particularly, present invention relates to improved dental implant system; specifically, orthodontic and prosthodontic system providing primary as well as enhanced secondary stability and anchorage while orthodontic treatment and dental implantations for prosthetic rehabilitation purposes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Dental implant systems have helped restorative patients to great extent in gaining their desired solutions. It has helped patients with lost tooth to misaligned ones; with better and varied solutions. Continuous research and technology enhancements have aided to ease in operation and adaptability.

Conventionally, the common amongst dental patients was restoring the lost tooth or teeth. They had an option of either a fixed bridge or partial or complete removable dentures to fill the missing gap. The fixed bridges come with the cost of cutting the adjacent healthy teeth on both sides of the missing space whereas the removable dentures lack stability. Dental implants are the newest, most reliable, long-lasting, and best possible option to replace the missing tooth or teeth these days!

In the last 25 years, dental implants have been used successfully in combined management of orthodontic restorative patients. Today’s dental implant restorations are virtually indistinguishable from other teeth. This is partly because of the structural and functional connection between the implant and the living bone and modern technology that makes the teeth match perfectly.

Endosteal and basal implant are the common dental implant systems used by the dentists today to replace or restore the tooth.

Endosteal implants are embedded in the jaw bone. They are usually made up of titanium material and are shaped like screws. The screw-like design provides excellent and firm support to the entire prosthesis. An abutment is then attached to this screw which projects above the gum level to receive the final crown or cap. In simple terms, an abutment serves as a connector between the embedded screw or implant and the cap.

Basal implants differ from the rest of the implant systems in terms of their location, manner of placing, shape, and design, and the way they distribute forces evenly. Basal implants are placed in the lower part of the jaw bone called as basal bone which is considered as the strongest bone. The basal bone is least susceptible to any oral infections and weakening or resorption and hence is considered the ideal site for implant placement. The basal implant placement surgery is generally minimally invasive and gives minimum post-operative swelling or any complaints and hence has the fastest recovery. As the traditional implants are fixed in the soft jaw bone (trabecular bone), any patient who is deficient in the soft jaw bone or has undergone extreme attrition of jaw bone is best suited for basal implants.

Another dental implant system is Mini-implants that are literally the miniature version of standard implants that support the main implant and provide stability. They are somewhat of the size of a toothpick since the diameter is less than even 3mm and the height is also small. Mini-implants are also made up of titanium and are less expensive as compared to standard implants. As the name suggests, mini-implants are suitable for patients with small teeth, or where conventional implants cannot be placed. Also, long-term denture-wearing patients where the jaw bone has undergone considerable attrition are ideal for mini-implants.

Also known as Orthodontic Mini-screws they are small metal screw which is inserted through the gum into the jaw bone to act as an anchor to help move poorly positioned teeth. Some people also call them micro-screws, mini-implants or temporary anchorage devices (TADs).

While we discuss about these dental implant systems, it is important to note that since 1969, when Branemark et al introduced dental implants for tooth replacement and prosthetic rehabilitation, osseointegration has remained the singular goal. Osseointegrated dental implants are used for orthodontic anchorage and then later serve as abutments for tooth replacement. Every patient wishes that their dental implants may remain in place for a lifetime. However, most of the time osseointegration, anchorage and stability are a challenge.

Inventor of the present invention has identified and focused upon the prime requirement of these systems I.e. osseointegration, anchorage and stability of the systems for strength and longer steadiness of the inserted dental implant system into patient’s mouth. For the same, when mini-screws are anchorage devices that are very small, still requires strength to hold system that can move the teeth in desired position for correction; inventor has chosen mini-screws or mini-implants for embodying the present invention. Having a closer look; mini-screws or mini-implants are the dental implant systems that have been used for tooth movement, space opening/closing, and generally as a means to achieve better functional, biologic, and aesthetic results in multidisciplinary treatment.

The incorporation of mini-implants (or mini-screws) into orthodontic treatment planning has allowed for predictable anchorage control and has increased the ability to correct severe skeletal and dental discrepancies. Various mini-screws systems are now available for clinical use. More than 30 different terms for skeletal temporary anchorage screws are in use in the international literature. The most common of these are mini-implant, mini-pin, miniscrew, or TADs (temporary anchorage device)

During orthodontic treatment, areas of tooth movement and regions that resist orthodontic force are frequently encountered. Teeth can be moved in a predicable manner only when an anchorage is sufficiently strong to resist orthodontic force. Titanium screw-type mini-implants have been used in orthodontic treatment to strengthen the anchorage. These mini-implants are small enough to be placed on any surface of alveolar process or even in interdental area. It helps to achieve tooth movement like, retraction, intrusion of over erupted tooth without undesirable reciprocal movements.

Structurally, a Mini-implant has basically three components - a core, helix (the threaded portion), and a head. Head of a miniimplant has slot, cross slot or recessed hex for applying twisting torque to the core and head and act as an application point for force a core is basically support of the screw. It is cylindrical, is attached to the head and is wrapped in the helical thread. Cross sectional area of the core determines the strength of the mini implant. Torsional strength is proportional to the cube of the core diameter so if you enhance core diameter than greatly increases strength of the mini implant. The structure of the tip of the implant decides the amount of force required to be applied to insert the mini-implant while implantation. Thus, the tip shape is essential to consider in a mini-implant. Further, the threads and the distance between the threads known as pitch, also plays an important role in the geometry of the mini-implant and its implications while implanting.

While selecting a mini-implant for a particular treatment, diameter of the it is considered as an important factor for stability. In this case, “diameter” is the outside diameter of the threads. For safe and secure primary mechanical stabilization, a minimum amount of bone is required around the shank of the mini-implant. Typically, the length of the mini-implant refers only to the shaft or shank (the threaded section). As with the diameter, the selection of the length of a mini-implant is dependent upon the amount of bone available.

Further, available mini-implants have a special head variation for every potential orthodontic application including:

• Hook Tops;

• Ball-Shaped Heads;

• Eyelets;

• Simple Slots;

• Cross-Shaped Slots; and

• Universal Heads. Mini-implants are color-coded for different lengths or diameters which helps to facilitate the selection process. This color-coding is accomplished by an anodized surface coating; wherein the oxide layer also appears to enhance retention of the mini-implant.

Mini-implants might be used in different steps of orthodontic treatment and in different dental and occlusal situations. Although their use cannot be theoretically limited, typical applications include the following:

A. Anchorage control in space closure

Whether closing space is present from extracted or missing teeth or created as a result of molar distalization, the use of miniscrew anchorage provides a good control.

B. Intrusion of over-erupted teeth

In the past, intrusion of such teeth was virtually impossible. The use of miniscrew anchorage allows troublefree intrusion of these problematic teeth.

C. Traction of impacted teeth

In many instances, the precarious position of impacted teeth, especially canines, can limit the ability to safelyand effectively bring them on dental arch. Miniscrew anchorage allows force vectors that are otherwise hardly attainable.

D. Uprighting of mesially tipped molars

E. Correction of canted occlusal planes

These cases have conventionally been accepted, ignored, or referred for correction with orthognathic surgery. Miniscrew anchorage can now be effectively used to correct asymmetries and canting of occlusal plane.

Having such wider applicability, mini-implants have been used and technically upgraded with requirement and time. Earlier miniimplants lacked primary stability as they were cylindrical in shape and therefore had less tight contact between the mini-implant and bone tissue. Also, the insertion of implants was difficult and painful because of the shape. The insertion required pre-drilling. Developments lead to inventions that eased insertion of implants with screw-type mini-implants and eliminated the requirement of pre-drilling; threads and diameter of mini-implant provided primary stability (mechanical locking).

However, despite continuous practice in the field, challenges pertaining to stability of implants and practical research being done, very few inventors have worked on providing secondary stability to the mini-implants; rather hardly anyone has identified it as a requirement or lacking aspect of the current system and almost none has mentioned about the osseointegration of the same while describing their inventions. Thus, there is no theoretical or practical discussion on ways and means to enhance primary as well as secondary stability. Moreover, primary stability with the available implants is not enough to meet the goal of long term stability. Further, lack of such mechanisms render requirement of frequent replacement of implants in certain cases and makes it troublesome with pain and risks of infections.. This also renders anchorage systems i.e. mini-implants with no secondary stability, leading them to fail due to lack of stable anchorage.

Many of the existing mini-implants require pre-drilling and traumatic painful procedures to insert them in the maxilla and the mandible regions of the patients gums. The narrower core region imparts risks of fracture, threads, pitch and other geometrical structure result in shaking while placement because it requires force to be applied to insert the same. After perforation of cortical bone, the mini-implant should be inserted up to about two-third of the full length according to the planned angle of insertion. During this stage minimal vertical force is be applied as long as insertion angle is maintained, and a palm rest should be used to provide a firm basis for securing path.

Usually, in three weeks time, after implant placement, relatively immature new bone forms rapidly at the implant interface; this bone is later replaced by a more complex but stronger bone along the interface. In general, there are four types of bone established during normal healing and remodeling phases: woven bone, lamellar bone, composite bone, and bundle bone. Practically, woven bone formation occurs around the mini-implants within three weeks. This is a highly cellular poorly organized osseous tissue that forms rapidly (30-50 um/day or more). Usually after six weeks of placement of mini-implants the bone implant contact in upper third area and decreases in middle and lower third area because of decrease in implant osseous tissue in lower region and increases in upper region and near mini-implants.

Also, when mini-implants are placed in mandible, lesser amount of bone formation is observed surrounding the mini-implants; leading to failures With this stability issues, there is no question of early loading possible. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop improved dental implant system that enhances primary as well as secondary stability and anchorage while orthodontic treatment and dental implantations for prosthetic rehabilitation purposes.

PRIOR ARTS

Conventional Dental implants or Endosteal implants are embedded in the jaw bone. They are usually made up of titanium material and are shaped like screws. The screw-like design provides support to the entire prosthesis. An abutment is then attached to this screw which projects above the gum level to receive the final crown or cap. During the implantation of conventional dental implants, in most cases it takes months before the fixation of the permanent replacement. The reason is the osseointegrational process, which has to take place in order for the implants to be strong enough to bear the load of the new tooth/ teeth/ denture and the pressure of biting and chewing.

Basal implants are placed in the lower part of the jaw bone called as basal bone which is considered as the strongest bone. As the traditional implants are fixed in the soft jaw bone (trabecular bone), any patient who is deficient in the soft jaw bone or has undergone extreme attrition of jaw bone is best suited for basal implants. Basal implants, unlike other types, do not connect to the bone in any way. The smooth, polished surface does not allow bone cells to grow on the surface, i.e. there is no process of osseointegration. This means that at any time the basal implant can be displaced or developed quite easily. The lack of osseointegration, in addition to creating a weaker base, is a prerequisite for easier penetration of bacteria between the implant and the bone. This is the main cause of complications in basal implants - inflammation (peri implantitis) .

DE 102013111842 discloses mini screw for orthopedic reconstruction; which is a cylindrical shaped implant with a frustoconical shaped screw tip; that renders the implant with less primary stability because of less tight contact between the miniimplant and bone tissue as a result of cylindrical shape and the implants are difficult to insert with said tip shape. In addition, fewer threads (the invention described has three threads) in coronal part renders weak mechanical locking; further decreasing the extent of primary stability. Further, the implantation requires pre-drilling, painful and making the implantation of described implant prone to infection. Moreover, the invention fails to provide sufficient head size for elastic thread or elastic chain engagement for anchorage and retraction procedure; and lacks provision at neck area to engage ligature wire.

US 2002/0182560 Al and US 2007/0184673 Al disclose “Implant for teeth orthodontics” and “Bone screw for medical treatments” respectively. The disclosed inventions describe typical cylindrical implants used earlier. Said Cylindrical shaped mini implants could provide less tight contact between the mini-implant and bone tissue. Thus this mini-implant has less primary stability. Also, fewer threads (the invention described in US 2007/0184673 Alhas three threads) in coronal part renders weak mechanical locking; further decreasing the extent of primary stability. In addition, none of the constructional feature of the mini-implant described therein provides secondary stability. It does not have proper thread pattern which distribute the stress.

US20110033813A1 discloses an Anchor apparatus and method for orthodontic appliances; wherein the invention is claimed to insure adequate bone contact and retention with the help of anchor screws that has a threaded portion and a washer portion at the outer end of the threaded portion which is of sufficient width to engage the adjacent exterior bone surface when the threaded portion is installed in the bone to provide lateral support for the threaded portion. The disclosure also mentions the use of threads of different sizes and the washer portion is provided with an exterior thread for cutting through gum tissue to enable the washer portion to engage the underlying adjacent exterior bone surface when the threaded portion is installed in the bone. Each anchor screw is provided with a lateral bore at the outer end thereof for receiving a ligature or the like therethrough to prevent the anchor screw from falling in the mouth. However, the invention disclosed and claimed fails to provide any clue over the secondary stability or any feature of the miniscrew to ensure it.

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRIOR ARTS

Available prior arts suffer from one or more of the following problems.

1. Existing dental implant systems fail to impart enhanced primary as well as secondary stability.

2. Earlier implants had blunt tips or frustoconical shaped screw tip; making it difficult to insert. Insertion of said implants required pre-drilling; which is painful. In addition, infection of the insertion site is associated with repeated drilling during placement.

3. Many of them have cylindrical shape that provides less tight contact between the mini-implant and bone tissue. Thus, said mini-implant has less primary stability. Nor they have any means for secondary stability. Thus, the implants are overall less stable.

4. Many of them have failed to come up with the impact and requisites of threads, types, number of threads, pitch, etc; and hence have failed to discuss about the same. Lack of such geometrically impactful defined structure renders them with normal mechanical locking without enhanced stability.

5. Many of them require frequent replacements because they lack even the primary stability.

6. None of the existing mini-implants were able to provide primary and secondary stability to an extent that can enable early loading.

7. Till now most of the inventions are focused on osteocunductivity and have failed to work on and provide any feature for osseointegration and secondary stability.

Thus, there is an unmet need to develop dental implant system that enhances primary as well as secondary stability and anchorage while orthodontic treatment and dental implantations for prosthetic rehabilitation purposes.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

Principal object of the present invention is to provide improved dental implant system that enhances primary as well as secondary stability and anchorage while orthodontic treatment and dental implantations for prosthetic rehabilitation purposes.

Another object of the present invention is to provide improved dental implant system for enhancing secondary stability that is easy to insert while implantation.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide improved dental implant system for enhancing secondary stability that eliminates the requirement of pre-drilling for implantation and associated risks including surgical trauma and intervention.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide improved dental implant system for enhancing secondary stability that eliminates requirement of frequent replacement of implants.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide improved dental implant system for enhancing secondary stability that provides enhanced osseointegration of said system unlike that of existing systems.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide improved dental implant system for enhancing secondary stability that eliminates vibration and shaking while placement.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide improved dental implant system for enhancing secondary stability that provides strength and eliminates the risk of fracture.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide improved dental implant system for enhancing secondary stability that provides strength to enable early loading. BREIF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The present invention is explained in the present document with reference to following drawings: References for the parts of the invention:

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Present invention provides improved dental implant system (P) that enhances primary as well as secondary stability and anchorage while orthodontic treatment and dental implantations for prosthetic rehabilitation purposes. Main embodiment or Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides improvements that are possible in all different forms of dental implants; to enhance the primary as well as secondary stability. The improved dental implants are referred as PD. The improvement mainly comprises of providing means for enhancing stability in the insertion means (I) to form improved insertion means (II).

Another embodiment, referred as embodiment 2; shows additional Implant specific improvements include improvements in mechanical locking of the implant into the gums and ease of insertion of the implant in the gums is also achieved. The miniimplants described and illustrated under the embodiment 2 is referred as PM.

Detailed description of both the embodiments is provided herein below with illustrations and reference to the drawings.

EMBODIMENT 1

The embodiment of the present invention is to provide an Improved Dental implant system (P) for enhancing secondary stability. The improved dental implant (PD) according to present embodiment is improved dental implant (PD) used for tooth restorations including improved Conventional dental implant or Endosteal implant or Basal implant or mini-implant; or is a dental implant (PD) for teeth alignment including mini-implant or mini-screw.

Improved Dental implant system (P) for enhancing secondary stability, comprising:

• Tip (T) for facilitating insertion of the dental implant (P);

• Insertion means (I) having threaded portion, which is inserted in the gums and acts as fixture and provides mechanical locking of the implant (P) to the tissue providing primary stability to the implant;

• Head (H) receives the cap in case of tooth restorations and facilitates anchorage in case of teeth alignment;

• Neck region (N) connects head to insertion means (I), supports the cap in case of tooth restorations and supports elastic thread or chain engagement for anchorage where required;

Wherein improvement comprises of improved insertion means (II) having at least one means for enhancing secondary stability; Said means for enhancing secondary stability is preferably at least one traversing means (TM) in the improved insertion means (II); for allowing the traverse of regenerative tissues through the same and thereby enhancing osseointegration and secondary stability of the present dental implant (P). Wherein said traversing means (TM) is circular hole or hexagonal or square or alike that allows traversing to regenerative tissues; thereby enhancing secondary stability. A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a circular hole having 1.2 mm to 1.5 mm diameter as said traversing means (TM).

A further improvement in the present dental implant system (P) for enhancing secondary stability comprises of bone inducing means (BM) layered inside said traversing means (TM) for inducing and enhancing the bone generation inside said traversing means; thereby enhancing secondary stability. Said bone inducing means (BM) inside said traversing means (TM) is preferably selected from Demineralised Freezed Dried Bone Allograft (DFDBA) or growth factors like Transforming Growth Factor - Beta (TGF- B), Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMPs).

For the purpose of describing the practical use of present improved dental implant system (PD); we hereby illustrate improvements in the basal implant; so herein after same is referred as improved Basal implant (PB). Said improved basal implant (PB) has 3.5 mm to 4.5mm of diameter and 16 to 30 mm in length. Wherein we further illustrate the same with two traversing means (TM); wherein further a first traversing means (TM 1) has 0.8mm diameter and is in the first segment (FS) towards the head of the present improved basal implant (PB) and a second traversing means (TM2) has 1.2 to 1.5 mm diameter and is in the second segment (SS); which is in mid part of the improved basal implant (PB). Both the traversing means (TM 1 and TM2) are layered with bone inducing means (BM) to facilitate the traverse of regenerative tissues and bone; thereby enhancing the secondary stability of the implant (PB).

EMBODIMENT 2

According to another embodiment, improved dental implant system (P) for enhancing secondary stability is improved mini-implant (PM) used for anchorage during teeth alignment.

Present embodiment provides improvements pertaining to enhancement of secondary stability as well as improvements that lead to enhanced mechanical locking as well as ease in insertion of present improved mini-implant (PM). The improvements are specifically illustrated with respect to miniimplants or mini-screws. Not restricting the scope of the present embodiment to the mini-implants; any derivations from the teachings of these improvements by present applicant shall be considered within the scope of present invention.

Where a typical mini-implant comprises of:

• Tip (T) for facilitating insertion of the dental implant (P);

• Insertion means (I) having a threaded portion, which is inserted in the gums and it acts as fixture and provides mechanical locking of the implant (P) to the tissue providing primary stability to the implant;

• Head (H) facilitates anchorage in case of teeth alignment;

• Neck region (N) connects head to insertion means (I) and supports elastic thread or chain engagement for anchorage where required, in case of teeth alignment;

• Attachment means (A) for attachment of said elastic thread or chain engagement for anchorage where required, in case of teeth alignment.

The improvements according to the present embodiment comprises of:

• self-drilling sharp corkscrew like tip (CT),

• improved insertion means (II),

• Improved Head (IH),

• cylindrical neck (CN). Said self-drilling sharp corkscrew like tip (CT) enables easy insertion without any pre-drilling or tapping procedure and reduces surgical trauma while insertion;

Improved insertion means (II) have following improvements: o It has distinct segments of different diameters across its length; wherein first segment (SI), which is adjacent to the neck region (N) and extends upto the mid part of the implant, has a diameter D I which is 2.2mm whereas second segment (S2); which structurally follows the first segment (SI) and connects the mid part to the tip (CT) has a reduced diameter D2 i.e. 1.9mm; which then gradually decreases till apex to form a sharp cork screw like tip (CT) .

Thus, it has wider core diameter of 1.9mm which provides it ideal torsional strength, better stress distribution and considerably decreases the risk of fracture, unlike conventional mini-implants lacking the strength and therefore longer stability leading to failure.

The diameter of the improved insertion means (II) of the present improved dental implant system (P) has significant effect on stress distribution within the bone. The thicker diameter of mini-implant provides favorable stress distribution and less von - mises stress in cortical bone. The mini-implant diameter is more or less there is no significant difference found in von-mises stress of trabecular bone. Further, this reduces the vibration and shaking of miniimplant while placement; decreasing the risks of cortical bone damage thereby enhancing primary stability. Further said insertion means (II) has trapezoidal threads (TT) with tapered core and the diameter of said trapezoidal threads (TT) is wider at the neck (CN) region, which gets narrower towards the tip (CT). Distinct diameter of threads and tapered core increases bone condensing and reduces vibration and shaking of present implant. Also, due to this feature orthodontic force is distributed well and minimizes stress. In addition, the pitch length between said tapered threads (TT) is different in said segments (SI and S2). Pitch length (Pl) in the first segment (SI) (coronal part) is 0.5mm and the pitch length (P2) in the second segment is 1mm (apical part) results in better biting of the bone or mechanical locking is good as compared to conventional mini-implant pitch design. Present pitch dimensions specifically allow achieving good stability in cortical bone which comes in contact with the first segment (SI) of the improved miniimplant, after the placement. The stability is achieved by providing 0.5 mm pitch only in first segment (SI) (coronal part) i.e. pitch length is small and there is enhanced mechanical locking because of the same. Applicant has chosen not to provide shorter pitch length to make sure the insertion is easy, there is less friction and if an implant with so many threads is inserted, it would affect the grip and the stability of the implanted mini-implant. o at least one means for enhancing secondary stability in the improved insertion means (II);

Said means for enhancing secondary stability is preferably at least one traversing means (TM) in the improved insertion means (II); for allowing the traverse of regenerative tissues through the same. Said traversing means (TM) is circular hole or hexagonal or square or alike that allows traversing to regenerative tissues; thereby enhancing osseointegration and secondary stability of the present dental implant (P). This also enables early loading. Said traversing means (TM) according to a preferred embodiment is a circular hole having diameter 0.8mm.

Improved Head (IH) has half round shape with smooth surface, for preventing soft tissue overlap that arises from epithelial creeping.

Said cylindrical neck (CN) for better soft tissue attachment and maintaining good oral hygiene.

Further improvement comprises of layering a bone inducing means (BM) inside said traversing means (TM) for inducing and enhancing the bone generation inside said traversing means; thereby enhancing secondary stability. Wherein said bone inducing means (BM) inside said traversing means (TM) is preferably selected from Demineralised Freezed Dried Bone Allograft (DFDBA) or growth factors like Transforming Growth Factor - Beta (TGF- B), Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMPs). Present improved dental implant system (P) which is a miniimplant according to the embodiment 2; has a conical geometry. Being conical in shape, apart from providing good primary stability, it also provides less micro damage and ischemia of the surrounding bone.

The Improved Dental implant system (P) for enhancing secondary stability is made of high grade type V titanium alloy providing it high mechanical strength. It can further be made from alloys developed in future that become medically more relevant; if any. The high grade type V titanium alloy allows development of osseo tissues enhancing the stability and therefore success of the present dental implant system (P). This is because as soon as we place present improved implant (P) on host material, the primary chemical interaction occurs between present improved implant (P) surface and host tissue. At this moment mini-implant surface texture decides which type of interface is developed. Fibrous tissue interface leads to loosening of mini implant and osseous tissue interface is stable enhances success ratio of mini implant. Therefore, mini implant bio-compatibility is related to characteristic of its surface. Hence, the materials should be alloplastic in nature and it has its own biocompatibility, mechanical strength and machinability and elasticity. Whereby, the present improved dental implant (P) is made up of pure titanium with machined surface (Grade V). This is more susceptible to form osseous tissue interface between bone and mini implant surface. Unlike prior arts, present system provides high and absolute secondary stability; in addition to better primary stability. The primary stability is obtained from geometrical improvements of the present invention and the secondary stability is enhanced by the biologic interactions at bone-improved implant interface. The mechanical retention and biological reaction of mini implant to bone surface is the key factor of stability of mini implant described herein above. The improvements provided herein; considerably increases primary as well as secondary stability of the improved dental implant system (P).

Aforementioned technicalities embody dental implant systems with described geometrical technicalities to improve osseointegration and enhanced secondary stability, in addition to primary stability. Said technical disclosure, however do not restrict applicant’s claim to implants illustrated in drawings and description. Application of teachings of this disclosure and applying the geometrical technicalities to other orthodontic implants for improving osseointegration and enhancing secondary stability shall be considered to be within the scope of present invention. Not limiting the application of inventiveness of the present invention to orthodontics; the inventive technicalities can be applied to orthopedic when achieving osseointegration and secondary stability is the goal.

WORKING, ILLUSTRATION AND ANALYSIS

EMBODIMENT 1

Present improved dental implant system for enhancing secondary stability (P) according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, which is used for tooth restorations mainly; is inserted in the gums of the patient, For the purpose of describing the present embodiment; we consider same illustration as given under the description of the embodiment 1 i.e. improved basal implant (PB). After the placement of the present improved basal implant (PB), along with the bone-implant interface; the traversing means (TM 1 and TM2) layered with bone inducing means (BM) shall also allow growth and traverse of the primary woven bone within three weeks. The primary woven bone is highly cellular poorly organised osseous tissue that forms rapidly (30-50um /day or more). Same helps to enhance the stability of the present improved implant (PB). Thereafter, within nearly six weeks after the placement, a bridging callus is formed a few millimetres away from the implant and a lattice structure of woven bone reaches directly to the implant surface and the primary woven bone matures to secondary osteons within said traversing means (TM 1 and TM2) [layered with bone inducing means (BM)]. This affirms higher secondary stability of the implant. It is essential to achieve lamellar compaction of woven bone for the implant to resist loading. For example, when present improved basal implant (PB) is placed in maxilla (upper jaw), immature woven bone is formed underneath the lamellar bone and the first traversing means (TM 1); which increases after three weeks. Unlike the conventional basal implants, where after six weeks bone -implant contact develops in upper third area decreases in middle and lower third area; in the present improved basal implant (PB), due to the mechanism of bone-implant contact through traversing means (TM 1 and TM2) at segments (FS and SS); there is higher bone-implant contact in the upper as well as middle part of the present improved basal implant (PB); thereby the primary as well as secondary stability is enhanced. In addition, present improved basal implant (PB) is placed in tilted manner by passing major anatomical limiting structures and engaging the basal cortical bone, thereby achieving predictable primary stability which allows us to immediately load the implants.

EMBODIMENT 2

Present improved dental implant system for enhancing secondary stability (P) according to embodiment 2 of the present invention; which is used for anchorage purpose in teeth alignment (orthodontic) treatment; is generally a mini-implant or a miniscrew. Having said self-drilling sharp corkscrew like tip (CT) enables easy insertion without any pre-drilling or tapping procedure and reduces surgical trauma while insertion; after perforation of cortical bone, present improved mini-implant (PM) should be inserted up to about two-third of the full length according to the planned angle of insertion. During this stage minimal vertical force is be applied as long as insertion angle is maintained, and a palm rest should be used to provide a firm basis for securing path. The sharp tip enables easy insertion. Further, the wider core diameter of 1.9mm provides it ideal torsional strength, better stress distribution and considerably decreased risk of fracture. The wider diameter of present improved mini-implant (PM) provides favorable stress distribution and less von - mises stress in cortical bone. The mini-implant diameter is more or less there is no significant difference found in von-mises stress of trabecular bone. This reduces the vibration and shaking of present improved mini-implant (PM) while placement; decreasing the risks of cortical bone damage thereby enhancing primary stability. The improved insertion means (II) with distinct segments of different diameters across the length further reduces vibration and shaking of present improved mini-implant (PM) while placement; decreasing the risks of cortical bone damage thereby enhancing primary stability. Distinct diameter of threads and tapered core increases bone condensing and reduces vibration and shaking of present implant. Also, due to this feature orthodontic force is distributed well and minimizes stress. Also, the reduced pitch length towards the head in the first segment (SI) enables enhanced mechanical locking and thereby enhanced primary stability. Having at least one means for enhancing secondary stability in the improved insertion means (II) which is at least one traversing means (TM) in the improved insertion means (II) in the form of a circular hole having diameter 0.8mm in a preferred embodiment; layered with bone inducing means (BM) allows the traverse of regenerative tissues through the same; thereby enhancing osseointegration and secondary stability of the present dental implant (P) .

After implant placement, relatively immature new bone forms rapidly at the implant interface; this bone is later replaced by a more complex but stronger bone along the interface. In general, there are four types of bone established during normal healing and remodeling phases: woven bone, lamellar bone, composite bone, and bundle bone. Practically, woven bone formation occurs around the mini-implants within three weeks. This is a highly cellular poorly organized osseous tissue that forms rapidly (30-50 um/day or more). Where a traversing means (TM) is provided in present improved insertion means (II) of the present improved mini-implant (PM), the woven bone also traverses through the provided traversing means (TM) enhancing secondary stability to the improved mini-implant (P). Also, a bridging callus is formed a few millimeters away from the implant which adds to primary stability.

After six weeks of placement, whereby ideally loading is advised; lattice structure of woven bone reaches directly to the implant surface. The traversing means (TM) layered with bone inducing means (BM) induces and accelerates the woven bone formation inside the traversing means (TM) which adds up in primary (secondary stability) stability. Technically, after 6- 18weeks of placement, woven bone generally matures to secondary osteons and the adaption is also higher. The bone-implant contact is then higher in the upper area like any other implant; but is also higher in the middle part, unlike the conventional mini-implants because said traversing means (TM) allows traversing of the woven bone since the early stage soon after the placement thereby ensuring higher primary stability of the improved mini-implant (PM) unlike that of the conventional ones. This can enable early loading unlike that of the conventional mini-implants. This also solves the problem of failures occurring in the mini-implant stability in the mandible.

The present improved mini-implant is stable and because of the half round shaped improved Head (IH) with smooth surface, it prevents soft tissue overlap that arising from epithelial creeping. Further, cylindrical neck (CN) provides better soft tissue attachment and maintains good oral hygiene.

Orthodontic loading should be within the physiological limit to stimulate bone formation. According to standard loading time after 4-6 weeks, which is required for healing can be utilised to allow the healing process and then orthodontic force can be applied within physiologic range. Anyway there is lag time for tooth movement immediately after loading so this lag time can be used as healing period for implant.

Present improved mini-implant (PM) gives good result in infra zygotic region and buccal shelf region also. It is also recommended in edentulous region. It gives stable result on palatal region as well.

ADVANTAGES OF PRESENT INVENTION

Present improved dental implant system for enhancing secondary stability (P) provides improved dental implant system that enhances primary as well as secondary stability and anchorage while orthodontic treatment and dental implantations for prosthetic rehabilitation purposes while imparting following advantages:

1. Presence of traversing means (TM) enables traversing of regerative tissues and bone through the same; enhancing the primary as well as secondary stability of present improved dental implant (PD) including improved basal implants (PB) and improved mini-implants (PM). It further provides enhanced osseointegration of said system unlike that of existing systems.

2. Higher primary and secondary stability eliminates requirement of frequent replacement of implants and provides enough strength for early loading.

3. Self-drilling sharp corkscrew like tip (CT) provides easy insertion of improved mini-implants (PM) while implantation. It further eliminates the requirement of pre-drilling for implantation and associated risks including surgical trauma and intervention.

4. Having distinct segments of different diameters across the length of improved insertion means (II) with wider diameter of 2.2mm of the first segment (SI) and 1.9mm of the second segment; gradually decrease towards apex; provides good primary stability.

5. Also, the wider diameter of the core part; i.e. 1.9mm provides good torsional strength and less chances of failure.

6. Trapezoidal thread (TT) provides more primary stability.

7. Cylindrical neck (CN) of improved mini-implant (PM) allows better soft tissue attachment and wider diameter at neck area (CN) of improved mini-implant (PM) 2.2mm so less chances of fracture.

8. The half round shape smooth surfaced head (IH) of the improved mini-implant (PM) prevents soft tissue overlap from epithelial creeping.

9. Pitch length is 0.5mm at the first segment (SI) (coronal part) and 1mm at second segment (S2) (apical part) results in better biting of the bone or mechanical locking is good as compared to conventional mini-implant pitch design. Present pitch dimensions specifically allows to achieve good stability in cortical bone by providing 0.5mm pitch only in first segment (si) (coronal part).