DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS

Technical Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to detergent compositions, for use in cleaning processes comprising alkyl alkoxylated sulphates and essentially no alkyl benzene sulphonate.

Background of the Invention

One of the most common surfactants currently incorporated in detergent compositions is alkyl benzene sulphonate, particularly linear benzene sulphonate, herein referred to as LAS. The use of alkyl benzene sulphonate usually in combination with other anionic or nonionic surfactants has been found to give particularly effective cleaning performance, especially on greasy and oily stains over a wide range of temperatures and conditions.

/06149

The detergent industry is however continually seeking surfactant systems with improved environmental profiles. Low LAS detergent compositions have been described in the art, for example in EP-A 544 490 and US 4 260 529. However, such detergent compositions generally have a low overall level of anionic surfactant which may result in a lower soil suspension capacity and less effective whiteness and colour brightness maintenance in the presence of high level of soils and cationic fabric conditioner residues.

The art also describes the use of anionic surfactant based detergent compositions, preferably alkyl sulphate, comprising low levels of LAS. For example GB 1 399966 discloses detergent compositions comprising primary alcohol sulphate (PAS) and nonionic surfactants. EP-A 342 917 discloses detergent compositions comprising PAS having a range of chain lengths to improve the cleaning performance at lower temperatures. However, it has been observed that such detergent compositions do not exhibit the same cleaning performance as the corresponding LAS compositions.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to replace the alkyl benzene sulphonate in surfactant systems with an anionic surfactant system which provides similar overall performance over a range of temperatures compared with the alkyl benzene sulphonate surfactant systems. In addition, another object of the present invention is to develop a surfactant system which is readily biodegradable.

It has now been found that these objectives can be reached by the use of a anionic surfactant system comprising an alkyl alkoxylated sulphate having an average alkoxylation degree of from 0.1 to 10, having certain ratios of alkyl monoalkoxylated sulphate, alkyl dialkoxylated sulphate and alkyl alkoxylated sulphates with 3 or more alkoxyl groups per alkyl group.

It has been found that said alkyl alkoxylated sulphates in combination with other surfactants provide excellent cleaning benefits over a wide range of temperatures. Indeed, it has been found that specific combinations of ratios of the alkyl alkoxylated sulphates of the present

invention have been found to give superior cleaning performance in comparison with alkyl alkoxylated sulphates having a similar average alkoxylation degree but having different ratios of mono-, di- and trialkoxylated sulphates, which are derived from mixtures of alkyl sulphates and alkyl alkoxylated sulphates.

An additional advantage of the surfactant system of the present invention is that it exhibits increased solubility over alkyl sulphates, which are the currently preferred substitutes for alkyl benzene sulphonate.

Another advantage of the surfactant system of the present invention is the excellent wetting properties, which is a highly desirable property in detergent compositions.

Furthermore, the surfactant system of the present invention is particularly efficient in the removal of sebum, a major constituent of body soils.

Alkyl ethoxy sulphates (referred to herein as AES) have been described in various contexts in the art. For example WO 92/06158 discloses detergent compositions comprising AES with an ethoxylation degree greater than 0, preferably from 0.5 to 3. U.S. patent application number 92 05659 discloses detergent compositions comprising AES with a preferred average ethoxylation of from 0.5 to 2. EP-A 4671894 discloses liquid detergent compositions comprising LAS and AES with a preferred average degree of ethoxylation of 0.8 to 2. European Patent Application number 907159.3 discloses granular detergent compositions comprising AES with an ethoxylation degree of 1 to 7. WO 93/18124 discloses granular detergent compositions comprising alkyl sulphates and alkyl ethoxy sulphates having an average of 1 to 7 ethoxy groups per mole.

However, none of the identified art recognises the performance benefits associated with anionic surfactant systems comprising alkyl alkoxylated sulphates having specific ratios of mono-, di- and trialkoxylated sulphates having specific ratios as in the present invention.

Summary of the Invention

The present invention is a detergent composition comprising from 1 % to 90% of an anionic surfactant system said system comprising at least 30% of an alkyl alkoxylated sulphate having an average degree of alkoxylation of from 0.1 to 10, characterised in that

the ratio of the combined weight of alkyl monoalkoxylated sulphates and alkyl dialkoxylated sulphates to the total weight of anionic surfactant is at least 0.2 to 1 and

the ratio of the combined weight of alkyl monoalkoxy sulphates and alkyl diethoxy sulphates to the total weight of alkyl alkoxylated sulphates having 3 or more alkoxy groups per alkyl group is 1 or greater.

All weights, ratios and percentages are given as a % weight of the total composition unless otherwise stated.

Detailed Description of the Invention

The present invention is a detergent composition comprising from 1 % to 90% of an anionic surfactant system said system comprising at least 30% of an alkyl alkoxylated sulphate. Said surfactant system delivers excellent cleaning performance on greasy and oily soils over a broad temperature range.

Thus an essential component of the present invention is an alkyl alkoxylated sulphate. According to the present invention said alkyl alkoxylated sulphates are represented by the formula Rl(C _m H2mO)nSθ3M _> wherein Rj is a C10-C24, preferably a Ci2-Cι g, more preferably a C 14 15 linear or branched hydrocarbyl, m is from 1 to 4, preferably 2 to 4, most preferably 2, n is from 0.1 to 10, most preferably from 1 to 3 and M is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, alkanol amine or ammonium and mixtures thereof.

According to the present invention the alkyl alkoxylated sulphates have an average degree of alkoxylation of from 0.1 to 10, preferably from

0.5 to 3, more preferably from 0.5 to 2, most preferably from 0.5 to 1. The ratio of the combined weight of alkyl monoalkoxy sulphates and alkyl dialkoxy sulphates to the total weight of anionic surfactant is at least 0.2 to 1, preferably 0.25 to 1, most preferably 0.3 to 1. The ratio of the combined weight of alkyl monoalkoxy sulphates and alkyl dialkoxy sulphates to total alkyl alkoxy sulphates having 3 or more alkoxy groups per alkyl group is 1 or greater, preferably 2 to 8, more preferably 4 to 6.

The present invention comprises more than 30%, preferably more than 50%, more preferably more than 70% of said alkyl alkoxylated sulphates by weight of the total anionic surfactant system.

Anionic surfactant system

According to the present invention the anionic surfactant system may comprise any other anionic surfactants. Suitable anionic surfactants include anionic sulphate, sulphonate, carboxylate surfactant or acyl-N- (alkyl) glucamine sulphate. The detergent compositions of the present invention comprise from 1 % to 90%, preferably from 1 to 70%, most preferably from 5% to 60% of said anionic surfactant system.

Anionic sulphate surfactants

The anionic sulphate surfactant may be any organic sulphate surfactant other than the alkoxylated sulphates of the present invention, preferably a Cjo-Ci6 alkyl sulphate. The counterion for the anionic sulphate surfactant component is preferably selected from calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, or alkanol-ammonium, and mixtures thereof.

Anionic sulphate surfactants suitable for use herein include C9-C17 acyl-N-(Cl-C4 alkyl) glucamine sulphates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulphates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulphates, N-acyl C6-20 sarcosinates, sulphates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulphates of Ci0-20 alkylpolyglucoside

Anionic sulphonate surfactant

Anionic sulphonate surfactants suitable for use herein include, for example, the salts (e.g. alkali metal salts) of C9-C20 linear alkylbenzene sulphonates, Cg-C22 primary or secondary alkane sulphonates, Cg-C24 olefin sulphonates, sulphonated polycarboxylic acids, alkyl glycerol sulphonates, fatty acyl glycerol sulphonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulphonates, paraffin sulphonates, and any mixtures thereof. According to the present invention the anionic surfactant system preferably comprises less than 40% , more preferably less than 20% , more preferably less than 10% linear alkyl benzene sulphonate. Most preferably the anionic surfactant system of the present invention is free of alkyl benzene sulphonates.

Anionic alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactant

Alkyl ethoxy carboxylates suitable for use herein include those with the formula RO(CH2CH2θ)x CH2COO-M+ wherein R is a C12 to Ci6 alkyl group, x ranges from O to 10, and the ethoxy late distribution is such that, on a weight basis, the amount of material where x is 0 is less than 20% , preferably less than 15% , most preferably less than 10% , and the amount of material where x is greater than 7, is less than 25%, preferably less than 15% , most preferably less than 10% , the average x is from 2 to 4 when the average R is C13 or less, and the average x is from 3 to 6 when the average R is greater than C 3, and M is a cation, preferably chosen from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium _j mono., di-, and tri-ethanol-ammonium, most preferably from sodium, potassium, ammonium and mixtures thereof with magnesium ions. The preferred alkyl ethoxy carboxylates are those where R is a C 2 to C14 alkyl group.

Anionic alkyl polyethoxy polycarboxylate surfactant

Alkyl polyethoxy polycarboxylate surfactants suitable for use herein include those having the formula:

R-0-(CH-CH-0) _χ -R3 R ₁ R ₂

wherein R is a C to Cjg alkyl group, x is from 1 to 25, Ri and R2 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl acid radical, succinic acid radical, hydroxysuccinic acid radical, and mixtures thereof, wherein at least one Ri or R2 is a succinic acid radical or hydroxysuccinic acid radical, and R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.

Anionic secondary soap surfactant

Secondary soap surfactants (aka "alkyl carboxyl surfactants") useful herein are those which contain a carboxyl unit connected to a secondary carbon. It is to be understood herein that the secondary carbon can be in a ring structure, e.g. as in p-octyl benzoic acid, or as in alkyl-substituted cyclohexyl carboxylates. The secondary soap surfactants should contain no ether linkages, no ester linkages and no hydroxyl groups. There should be no nitrogen atoms in the head-group (amphiphilic portion). The secondary soap surfactants usually contain 11-15 total carbon atoms, although slightly more (e.g., up to 16) can be tolerated, e.g. p-octyl benzoic acid.

The following general structures further illustrate some of the secondary soap surfactants (or their precursor acids) useful herein.

A. A highly preferred class of secondary soaps useful herein comprises the secondary carboxyl materials of the formula R3 CH(R4)COOM, wherein R is CH3(CH2)x and R ⁴ is CH3(CH2)y, wherein y can be O or an integer from 1 to 4, x is an integer from 4 to 10 and the sum of (x -I- y) is 6-14, preferably 7-13, most preferably 12.

B. Another class of secondary soaps useful herein comprises those carboxyl compounds wherein the carboxyl substituent is on a ring hydrocarbyl unit, i.e., secondary soaps of the formula R5-R6-COOM, wherein R«5 is C^-ClO, preferably C^-C^, alkyl or alkenyl and R6 is a ring structure, such as benzene, cyclopentane and cyclohexane. (Note: R-5 can be in the ortho, meta or para position relative to the carboxyl on the ring.)

C. Still another class of secondary soaps comprises secondary carboxyl compounds of the formula CH3(CHR)ι _c -(CH2) _m -(CHR) _n - CH(COOM)(CHR) ₀ -(CH2)p-(CHR) _q -CH3, wherein each R is C1-C4 alkyl, wherein k, n, o, q are integers in the range of 0-8, provided that the total number of carbon atoms (including the carboxylate) is in the range of 10 to 18.

In each of the above formulas A, B and C, the species M can be any suitable, especially water-solubilizing, counterion, e.g., H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkanolammonium, di- and tri- alkanolammonium, and C1-C5 alkyl substituted ammonium. Sodium is convenient, as is diethanolammonium.

Preferred secondary soap surfactants for use herein are water- soluble members selected from the group consisting of the water-soluble salts of 2-methyl-l-undecanoic acid, 2-ethyl-l-decanoic acid, 2-propyl-l- nonanoic acid, 2-butyl-l-octanoic acid, 2-pentyl-l-heptanoic acid and isopentadecanoic acid.

Other anionic surfactants

Other anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can also be included in the compositions hereof. These can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of soap, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, acyl alkyl taurines, fatty acid amides of methyl tauride, alkyl succinates and sulphosuccinates, monoesters of sulphosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated Ci2-Cι monoesters) diesters of sulphosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated C6-C14 diesters). Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tall oil. Further examples are given in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch).

According to the present invention the compositions may additionally comprise as optional ingredients from 1 % to 20% of other surfactants such cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants.

Nonionic surfactant

Suitable nonionic detergent surfactants for use herein include nonionic condensates of alkyl phenols, nonionic ethoxylated alcohols, nonionic alkylpolysaccharides and nonionic fatty acid amides. According to the present invention the compositions comprise from 1 % to 20% , preferably from 2% to 15% of said nonionic surfactants.

Nonionic condensates of alkyl phenols

The polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols are suitable for use herein. In general, the polyethylene oxide condensates are preferred. These compounds include the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration with the alkylene oxide.

Nonionic ethoxylated alcohol surfactant

The alkyl ethoxylate condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide are suitable for use herein. The alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol can either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from 6 to 22 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms with from about 2 to about 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Most preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from 8 to 14 carbon atoms with from about 6 to about 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Examples of commercially available nonionic surfactants of this type include Tergitol™ 15-S-9 (the condensation product of C11-C15 linear alcohol with 9 moles ethylene oxide), Tergitol™ 24-L-6 NMW (the

condensation product of C 2-C14 primary alcohol with 6 moles ethylene oxide with a narrow molecular weight distribution), both marketed by Union Carbide Corporation; NeodolTM 45.9 (t e condensation product of C14-C15 linear alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide), NeodofTM 23- 6.5 (the condensation product of C12-C13 linear alcohol with 6.54 moles of ethylene oxide), Neodo. 45-7 (the condensation product of C 4- C15 linear alcohol with 7 moles of ethylene oxide), Neodo.TM 45.4 (t e condensation product of C14-C15 linear alcohol with 4 moles of ethylene oxide), Neodo.TM23-3 (the condensation product of C12-C 3 linear alcohol with 3 moles of ethyene oxide) marketed by Shell Chemical Company, KyroTM EOBN (the condensation product of C13-C15 alcohol with 9 moles ethylene oxide), marketed by The Procter & Gamble Company, Dobanol 91 marketed by the Shell Chemical Company and Lial 111 marketed by Enichem.

Nonionic EO/PO condensates with propylene glycol

The condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol are suitable for use herein. Examples of compounds of this type include certain of the commercially-available PluronicTM surfactants, marketed by BASF.

Nonionic EO condensation products with propylene oxide/ethylene diamine adducts

The condensation products of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine are suitable for use herein. Examples of this type of nonionic surfactant include certain of the commercially available TetronicTM compounds, marketed by BASF.

Nonionic alkylpolysaccharide surfactant

Suitable alkylpolysaccharides for use herein are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,565,647, Llenado, issued January 21 , 1986, having a hydrophobic group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms,

preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide, e.g., a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group containing from about 1.3 to about 10, preferably from about 1.3 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7 saccharide units. Any reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms can be used, e.g. , glucose, galactose and galactosyl moieties can be substituted for the glucosyl moieties. (Optionally the hydrophobic group is attached at the 2-, 3-, 4-, etc. positions thus giving a glucose or galactose as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside.) The intersaccharide bonds can be, e.g. , between the one position of the additional saccharide units and the 2-, 3-, 4-, and/or 6- positions on the preceding saccharide units. The preferred alkylpolyglycosides have the formula

R2θ(C _n H ₂ nO)t(glycosyl) _x

wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which the alkyl groups contain from 10 to 18, preferably from 12 to 14, carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3, x is from 0 to 10 preferably from about 1.3 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7 and t is from 0 to 10. The glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose.

Nonionic fatty acid amide surfactant

Fatty acid amide surfactants suitable for use herein are those having the formula:

O R ¹

₉ II I

R ² -C-N-Z

wherein Ri is H or a C1-C4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl and R2 is a C5-C31 hydrocarbyl and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxy groups directly connected to the chain or an alkoxylated derivative thereof. Preferably R is a methyl, R is a straight chain Cl l- C15 alkyl or alkenyl such as cocnut alkyl or mixtures thereof and Z is

derived from a reducing sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose in a reductive amination reaction

Other polyhydroxy fatty acid amides suitable for use herein are gemini polyhydroxy fatty acid amides having the formula:

Z Z

I I N-X-N

I I

0=C C=O

I I

R R"

wherein: X is a bridging group having from about 2 to about 200 atoms; Z and Z' are the same or different alcohol-containing moieties having two or more hydroxyl groups (e.g., glycerol, and units derived from reducing sugars such as glucose, maltose and the like), or either one (but not both) of Z or Z' is hydrogen; and R and R' are the same or different hydrocarbyl moieties having from about 1 to about 21 carbon atoms and can be saturated, branched or unsaturated (e.g., oleoyl) and mixtures thereof.

Preferred X groups are selected from substituted or unsubstituted, branched or linear alkyl, ether alkyl, amino alkyl, or amido alkyl moieties having from about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms. Preferred alkyl moieties are unsubstituted, linear alkyl moieties having the formula -(CH2)n-, wherein n is an integer from 2 to about 15, preferably from 2 to about 10, and most preferably from 2 to about 6; and also unsubstituted, branched alkyl moieties having from 3 to about 15 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, and most preferably from 3 to about 6 carbon atoms. Most preferred are ethylene and propylene (branched or linear) alkyl moieties. Also preferred are unsubstituted, branched or linear ether alkyl moieties having the formula -R2-(0-R2) _m -, wherein each R^ is independently selected from C2-Cg branched or linear alkyl and/or aryl moieties (preferably ethyl, propyl or combinations thereof) and m is an integer from 1 to about 5. X may also be unsubstituted, branched or linear amino and/or amido alkyl moieties having the formula -R2-(N(R3)-R2) _m -, wherein each R2 is independently selected from C2-C branched or linear alkyl and/or aryl moieties (preferably ethyl, propyl or combinations

thereof), m is an integer from 1 to about 5, and R^ is selected from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl, and -C(0)R ⁴ -, wherein R ⁴ is C1-C21 alkyl, including -C(0)R. The X moiety may be derived from commercially available amine compounds such as, for example, Jeffamines*^ (supplied by Texaco) such as JED600, JEDR148, JEDR192, JED230, JED2000, J-D230 and J-D400.

Preferred X moieties therefore include: -(CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-, - (CH ₂ ) -, -(CH ₂ )5-, -(CH ₂ )6-, -CH ₂ CH(CH ₃ )(CH2)3-, -(CH ₂ )2-0-(CH ₂ )2- , -(CH ₂ )3-0-(CH ₂ )3-, -(CH ₂ )2-0-(CH ₂ ) ₃ -, -(CH ₂ )2-0-(CH ₂ )2-0-(CH ₂ )2-, -(CH ₂ )3-0-(CH ₂ )2-0-(CH ₂ )3-, -(CH ₂ )2-0-(CH ₂ )3-0-(CH ₂ )2-, -(CH ₂ ) ₂ - NH-(CH ₂ )2-, -(CH ₂ )3-NH-(CH ₂ )3-, -(CH ₂ )2-NH-(CH ₂ )3-, -(CH ₂ )2- N(C(0)R)-(CH ₂ )2-, -(CH ₂ )3-N(C(0)R)-(CH ₂ )3-, -(CH ₂ )2-N(C(0)R)- (CH ₂ )3-, -(CH2)2-NH(C ₆ H ₄ )NH-(CH2)2-, -(CH ₂ )3-NH(C ₆ H ₄ )NH- (CH ₂ )3-, -(CH2)2-NHCH2(C ₆ H4)CH ₂ NH-(CH2)2-, -(CH ₂ )3-

NHCH2(C6H )CH2NH-(CH2)3-, etc.

Preferred Z and Z' groups are independently selected from polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl moieties having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 2 hydroxyls (in the case of glycerol) or at least 3 hydroxyls ( in the case of other sugars) directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof. Z and Z' preferably will be derived from a reducing sugar, more preferably Z and/or Z ¹ is a glycityl moiety. Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose, as well as glyceraldehyde. As raw materials, high dextrose corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup can be utilized as well as the individual sugars listed above. These corn syrups may yield a mix of sugar components for Z and Z' . It should be understood that it is by no means intended to exclude other suitable raw materials. Z and/or Z' preferably will be selected from the group consisting of -CH2-(CHOH)-p-CH2θH, - CH(CH2θH)-(CHOH) _p _ι-CH2θH, -CH2-(CHOH)2(CHORl)(CHOH)- CH2OH, where p is an integer from 1 to 5, inclusive, and Rl is H or a cyclic mono- or poly saccharide, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof. Most preferred are glycityls wherein p is 4, particularly -CH2-(CHOH)4- CH2OH.

Preferred R and R' groups are independently selected from C3-C21 hydrocarbyl moieties, preferably straight or branched chain C3-C13 alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight chain C5-C11 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably straight chain C5-C9 alkyl or alkenyl, or mixtures thereof. R- CO-N < and/or R'-CO-N < can be, for example, cocamide, stearamide, oleamide, lauramide, myristamide, capricamide, palmitamide, tallowamide, etc.

Examples of such compounds therefore include, but are not limited to: CH3(CH ₂ )6C(0)N[CH2(CHOH)4CH ₂ OH]-(CH2)2-

[CH2(CHOH) ₄ CH2θH]NC(0)(CH2)6CH3;

CH3(CH2)8C(0)N[CH ₂ (CHOH)4CH2θH]-(CH ₂ )2- [CH ₂ (CHOH) ₄ CH2θH]NC(0)(CH2)gCH3;

CH3(CH2)lθC(0)N[CH2(CHOH) ₄ CH ₂ OH]-(CH2)2- [CH2(CHOH) ₄ CH ₂ OH]NC(0)(CH2)iθCH3;

CH3(CH ₂ )gC(0)N[CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]-(CH2)2-0-(CH2)2-0-(CH ₂ )2- [CH2(CHOH) ₄ CH2θH]NC(0)(CH2)8CH3;

CH3(CH2)gC(0)N[CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]-CH2CH(CH3)(CH2)3- [CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]NC(0)(CH2)gCH3;

CH ₃ (CH2)gC(0)N[CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]-(CH2)3-0-(CH2)2-0-(CH ₂ )3- [CH2(CHOH) ₄ CH2θH]NC(0)(CH2)gCH3;

CH3(CH2)3CH(CH2CH3)C(0)N[CH2(CHOH) CH2θH]-(CH2)2- [CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]NC(0)CH(CH2CH3)(CH2)3CH3;

CH ₃ (CH2)6C(0)N[CH2(CHOH) ₄ CH2θH]-(CH2)3-0-(CH2)2-0-(CH2)3- [CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]NC(0)(CH2)6CH3;

CH ₃ (CH2)4C(0)N[CH2(CHOH) ₄ CH2θH]-(CH2)3-0-(CH2)2-0-(CH2)3- [CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]NC(0)(CH2)gCH3;

C ₆ H5C(0)N[CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]-(CH ₂ )3-0-(CH2)2-0-(CH2)3- [CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]NC(0)C6H5;

CH3(CH2)4C(0)N[CH2(CHOH) CH2θH]-(CH2)2- [CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]NC(0)(CH2)gCH3.

These compounds can be readily synthesized from the following disugar diamines: HN[CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]-(CH2)2-

[CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]NH; HN[CH2(CHOH) ₄ CH2θH]-

CH2CH(CH3)(CH2)3-[CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]NH; HN[CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]-(CH2)2-0-(CH ₂ )2-0-(CH ₂ )2-

[CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]NH; HN[CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]-(CH2)3-0-

(CH2)2-0-(CH2)3-[CH2(CHOH) CH2θH]NH; and

HN[CH2(CHOH) ₄ CH2θH]-(CH2)3-[CH2(CHOH)4CH2θH]NH.

Amphoteric surfactant

Suitable amphoteric surfactants for use herein include the alkyl amphocarboxylic acids of the formula:

6/

16

O

I I

RC-NHCH2CH2Ri

wherein R is a Cg-Cig alkyl group, and Rj is of the general formula:

M

wherein R ¹ is a (CH2) _x COOM or CH2CH2OH, and x is 1 or 2 and M is preferably chosen from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, mono-, di-, and tri-ethanolammonium, most preferably from sodium, potassium, ammonium and mixtures thereof with magnesium ions. The preferred R alkyl chain length is a C 10 to C14 alkyl group. A preferred amphocarboxylic acid is produced from fatty imidazolines wherein the dicarboxylic acid functionality of the amphodicarboxylic acid is diacetic acid and/or dipropionic acid. A suitable example of an alkyl amphodicarboxylic acid for use herein in the amphoteric surfactant Miranol(TM) C2M Cone, manufactured by Miranol, Inc., Dayton, NJ.

Amine oxide surfactant

According to the present invention amine oxides useful as amphoteric surfactants may be used herein. Such optional but highly preferred amine oxides suitable for use have the formula:

O

R ₆ R ₇ NR ₈

wherein R6 is selected from an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, acylamidopropoyl and alkyl phenyl group, or mixtures thereof, containing from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms; and R7 and Rg are independently C1.3 alkyl or C2-3 hydyroxyalkyl groups, or a

polyethylene oxide group containing from 1 to 3, preferable 1 , ethylene oxide groups. These amine oxide surfactants in particular include Cio- C14 alkyl dimethyl amine oxides and C6-C12 alkoxy ethyl dihydroxyethyl amine oxides. Examples of such materials include dimethyloctylamine oxide, diethyldecylamine oxide, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecylamine oxide, dimethyldodecylamine oxide, dipropyltetradecylamine oxide and dodecylamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide. Preferred are C12-C14 alkyl dimethylamine oxides and mixtures thereof.

Zwitterionic surfactant

Zwitterionic surfactants can also be incorporated into the detergent compositions herein.

Betaine surfactant

According to the present invention the compositions may thus comprise betaines. The betaines useful as zwitterionic surfactants, in the present invention are those compounds having the formula R(R ¹ )2N+R2COO" wherein R is a C6-Cιg hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C10-C16 alkyl group or CiO-16 acylamido alkyl group, each Rl is typically C1-C3 alkyl, preferably methyl, and R2 is a C1-C5 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkylene group, more preferably a C1-C2 alkylene group. Examples of suitable betaines include coconut acylamidopropyldimethyl betaine; hexadecyl dimethyl betaine; Cj2-14 acylamidopropylbetaine; Cg.14 acylamidohexyldiethyl betaine; 4[Cj4_i6 acylmethylamidodiethylammonio]-l -carboxy butane; C i6_ι g acylamidodimethy Ibetaine ; Cj2-16 acylamidopentanediethyl-betaine; [C 2- 16 acylmethylamidodimethylbetaine. Preferred betaines are Ci2-lg dimethyl-ammonio hexanoate and the CiO-lg acylamidopropane (or ethane) dimethyl (or diethyl) betaines.

The complex betaines suitable for use herein have the formula:

R - (A) _n [N - (CHRι) _x ] _y N - Q (I)

I I

B B

wherein R is a hydrocarbon group having from 7 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, A is the group (C(O)), n is 0 or 1 , Rj is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, x is 2 or 3, y is an integer of 0 to 4, Q is the group -R2COOM wherein R2 is an alkylene group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and M is hydrogen or an ion from the groups alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonium and substituted ammonium and B is hydrogen or a group Q as defined.

According to the present invention the composition may comprise from 0% to 10% , preferably from 0% to 5% of said betaines.

Sultaines

The sultaines useful in the present invention are those compounds having the formula (R(R ¹ )2N ⁺ R ² S03" wherein R is a C6-C18 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C10-C16 alkyl group, more preferably a C 2-C 3 alkyl group, each Rl is typically C1-C3 alkyl, preferably methyl, and R^ is a C1-C6 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkylene or, preferably, hydroxyalkylene group. The zwitterionics herein above may also be present in small quantities so as to deliver suds enhancing benefits to the compositions.

Cationic surfactant

Cationic detersive surfactants suitable for use herein are those having one long chain hydrocarbyl group. Examples of such cationic surfactants include the ammonium surfactants such as alkyldimethylammonium halogenides and surfactants having the formula:

[R2(OR3) _y ] [R ⁴ (OR3) _y ] ₂ R ⁵ N + X"

wherein R^ is an alkyl or alkyl benzyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, each R3 is selected from the group consisting of CH2CH2-, -CH2CH(CH3)-, -CH2CH(CH2θH)-, - CH2CH2CH2-, and mixtures thereof; each R ⁴ is selcted from the group consisting of C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, benzyl ring structures

19

formed by joining the two R ⁴ groups, -CH2CHOH- CHOHCOR ⁶ CHOHCH2θH wherein R ⁶ is any hexose or hexose polymer having a molecular weight less than about 1000 and hydrogen when y is not 0; R5 is the same as R ⁴ or is an alkyl chain wherein the total number of carbon atoms of R2 plus R-5 is not more than about 18; each y is from about 0 to about 10 and the sum of the y values is from 0 to about 15; and X is any compatible anion.

Preferred cationic surfactants are the water soluble quaternary amonium compounds useful in the present composition have the formula:

R1R2R3R4N+X- wherein Ri is a C -Ci6 alkyl, each of R2, R3 and R4 is independently C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxy alkyl, benzyl and (C2H4θ) _x H where x has a value of from 1 to 5 and X is an anion. Not more than one of the R2, R3 or R4 should be benzyl.

The preferred alkyl chain length for Ri is from C12-C15, particularly where the alkyl group is a mixture of chain lengths derived from coconut or palm kernel fat or is derived from synthetically by olefm build up or OXO alcohols synthesis. Preferred groups for the R2R3 and R4 are methyl and hydroxyethyl groups and the anion X may be selected from halide, methosulphate, acetate and phosphate ions.

Examples of suitable quaternary ammonium compounds for use herein are: coconut trimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; coconut methyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; decyl trimethyl ammonium chloride; decyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; C12-C15 dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or broimde; coconut dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; myristyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulphate; lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride or bromide; lauryl dimethyl (ethoxy )4 ammonium chloride or bromide and choline esters.

Other cationic surfactants useful herein are also described in U.S. patent 4 228 044. When included therein the laundry detergent

/06149

20

compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.5% to about 5% by weight of said cationic surfactants.

According to the present invention the compositions may also comprise optional ingredients such as builders, antiredeposition agents, polymeric soil release agents, chelating agents, dispersing agents and suds supressors or enhancers. Preferably the detergent composition of the present invention comprises from 15% to 50% of a detergent adjunct selected from builders, chelants and mixtures thereof.

Builders

Detergent builders can optionally be included in the compositions herein to assist in controlling mineral hardness. Inorganic as well as organic builders can be used. Builders are typically used in fabric laundering compositions to assist in the removal of paniculate soils.

The level of builder can vary widely depending upon the end use of the composition and its desired physical form. When present, the compositions will typically comprise at least about 1 % builder. Liquid formulations typically comprise from about 5% to about 50% , more typically about 5 % to about 30%, by weight, of detergent builder. Granular formulations typically comprise from about 10% to about 80% , more typically from about 15% to about 50% by weight, of the detergent builder. Lower or higher levels of builder, however, are not meant to be excluded.

Inorganic or P-containing detergent builders include, but are not limited to, the alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphates (exemplified by the tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and glassy polymeric meta-phosphates), phosphonates, phytic acid, silicates, carbonates (including bicarbonates and sesquicarbonates), sulphates, and aluminosilicates. However, non-phosphate builders are required in some locales. Importantly, the compositions herein function surprisingly well even in the presence of the so-called "weak" builders (as compared with phosphates) such as citrate, or in the so-called

"underbuilt" situation that may occur with zeolite or layered silicate builders.

Examples of silicate builders are the alkali metal silicates, particularly those having a Siθ2:Na2θ ratio in the range 1.6:1 to 3.2:1 and layered silicates, such as the layered sodium silicates described in U.S. Patent 4,664,839, issued May 12, 1987 to H. P. Rieck. NaSKS-6 is the trademark for a crystalline layered silicate marketed by Hoechst (commonly abbreviated herein as "SKS-6"). Unlike zeolite builders, the Na SKS-6 silicate builder does not contain aluminum. NaSKS-6 has the delta-Na2Si2θ5 morphology form of layered silicate. It can be prepared by methods such as those described in German DE-A-3, 417,649 and DE- A-3, 742,043. SKS-6 is a highly preferred layered silicate for use herein, but other such layered silicates, such as those having the general formula NaMSi _x θ2 _x + i *yH2θ wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4, preferably 2, and y is a number from 0 to 20, preferably 0 can be used herein. Various other layered silicates from Hoechst include NaSKS-5, NaSKS-7 and NaSKS-11 , as the alpha, beta and gamma forms. As noted above, the delta-Na2Si2θ5 (NaSKS-6 form) is most preferred for use herein. Other silicates may also be useful such as for example magnesium silicate, which can serve as a crispening agent in granular formulations, as a stabilizing agent for oxygen bleaches, and as a component of suds control systems.

Examples of carbonate builders are the alkaline earth and alkali metal carbonates as disclosed in German Patent Application No. 2,321 ,001 published on November 15, 1973.

Aluminosilicate builders are useful in the present invention. Aluminosilicate builders are of great importance in most currently marketed heavy duty granular detergent compositions, and can also be a significant builder ingredient in liquid detergent formulations. Aluminosilicate builders include those having the empirical formula:

M _z (zA10 ₂ )y]*xH ₂ 0 wherein z and y are integers of at least 6, the molar ratio of z to y is in the range from 1.0 to about 0.5, and x is an integer from about 15 to about 264.

Useful aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are commercially available. These aluminosilicates can be crystalline or amorphous in structure and can .be naturally-occurring aluminosilicates or synthetically derived. A method for producing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,985,669, Krummel, et al, issued October 12, 1976. Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful herein are available under the designations Zeolite A, Zeolite P (B), Zeolite MAP and Zeolite X. In an especially preferred embodiment, the crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange material has the formula:

Nai2[(A102)i2(Si0 ₂ )i2]-xH ₂ 0 wherein x is from about 20 to about 30, especially about 27. This material is known as Zeolite A. Dehydrated zeolites (x = 0 - 10) may also be used herein. Preferably, the aluminosilicate has a particle size of about 0.1-10 microns in diameter.

Organic detergent builders suitable for the purposes of the present invention include, but are not restricted to, a wide variety of polycarboxylate compounds. As used herein, "polycarboxylate" refers to compounds having a plurality of carboxylate groups, preferably at least 3 carboxylates. Polycarboxylate builder can generally be added to the composition in acid form, but can also be added in the form of a neutralized salt. When utilized in salt form, alkali metals, such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, or alkanolammonium salts are preferred.

Included among the polycarboxylate builders are a variety of categories of useful materials. One important category of polycarboxylate builders encompasses the ether poly carboxylates, including oxydisuccinate, as disclosed in Berg, U.S. Patent 3,128,287, issued April 7, 1964, and Lamberti et al, U.S. Patent 3,635,830, issued January 18, 1972. See also "TMS/TDS" builders of U.S. Patent 4,663,071 , issued to Bush et al, on May 5, 1987. Suitable ether polycarboxylates also include cyclic compounds, particularly alicyclic compounds, such as those described in U.S. Patents 3,923,679; 3,835,163; 4, 158,635; 4,120,874 and 4, 102,903.

Other useful detergency builders include the ether hydro xypolycarboxylates, copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, 1 , 3, 5-trihydroxy benzene-2, 4, 6-trisulphonic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, the various alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of polyacetic acids such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid, as well as polycarboxylates such as mellitic acid, succinic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1 ,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and soluble salts thereof.

Citrate builders, e.g., citric acid and soluble salts thereof (particularly sodium salt), are polycarboxylate builders of particular importance for heavy duty liquid detergent formulations due to their availability from renewable resources and their biodegradability. Citrates can also be used in granular compositions, especially in combination with aeolite and/or layered silicate builders. Oxydisuccinates are also especially useful in such compositions and combinations.

Also suitable in the detergent compositions of the present invention are the 3,3-dicarboxy-4-oxa-l ,6-hexanedioates and the related compounds disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,566,984, Bush, issued January 28, 1986. Useful succinic acid builders include the C5-C20 alkyl and alkenyl succinic acids and salts thereof. A particularly preferred compound of this type is dodecenylsuccinic acid. Specific examples of succinate builders include: laurylsuccinate, myristylsuccinate, palmitylsuccinate, 2- dodecenylsuccinate (preferred), 2-pentadecenylsuccinate, and the like. Laurylsuccinates are the preferred builders of this group, and are described in European Patent Application 86200690.5/0,200,263, published November 5, 1986.

Other suitable polycarboxylates are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,144,226, Crutchfield et al, issued March 13, 1979 and in U.S. Patent 3,308,067, Diehl, issued March 7, 1967. See also Diehl U.S. Patent 3,723,322.

Fatty acids, e.g., C12-C18 monocarboxylic acids, can also be incorporated into the compositions alone, or in combination with the aforesaid builders, especially citrate and/or the succinate builders, to provide additional builder activity. Such use of fatty acids will generally result in a diminution of sudsing, which should be taken into account by the formulator.

In situations where phosphorus-based builders can be used, and especially in the formulation of bars used for hand-laundering operations, the various alkali metal phosphates such as the well-known sodium tripolyphosphates, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium orthophosphate can be used. Phosphonate builders such as ethane- 1-hydroxy- 1 , 1- diphosphonate and other known phosphonates (see, for example, U.S. Patents 3,159,581 ; 3,213,030; 3,422,021 ; 3,400,148 and 3,422,137) can also be used.

Chelating Agents

The compositions of the present invention may optionally contain one or more chelating agents selected from the group consisting of amino carboxylates, amino phosphonates, polyfunctionally-subsituted aromatic chelating agents and mixtures thereof. It is believed that the benefit of these materials is due in part to their exceptional ability to remove iron and manganese ions from washing solutions by the formation of soluble chelates.

Amino carboxylates useful as chelating agents include ethylenediaminetetraacetates , N-hydroxy ethylenediaminetriacetates , nitrilo- acetates, ethylenediamine tetraproprionates, triethylene- tetraaminehexaacetates, diethylenetriaminepentaacetates and ethanoldiglycines, alkali metal ammonium and substitute ammonium salts therein and mixtures therein.

Amino phosphonates are also suitable for use as chelating agents in the compositions of the present invention, preferably in the presence of low levels of total phosphorus in the detergent compositions. Suitable

phosphonates include ethylenediaminetetrakis (methylenephosphonates), nitrilotris (methylenephosphonates) and diethylenetriaminepentakis (methylenephosphonates) as DEQUEST ("DTPMP"). Preferably these amino phosphonates do not contain alkyl or alkenyl groups with more than about 6 carbon atoms. HEDP, 1-hydroxyethane diphosphonate is also suitable and preferably combined with aminophosphonates or amino carboxylates for use herein.

Polyfunctionally-subsituted aromatic chelating agents are also useful in the compositions herein. See U.S. patent 3 812 044. Preferred compounds of this type in acid form are dihydroxydisuphobenzenes such as 1 ,2-dihydroxy-3,5-disulphobenzene.

A preferred biodegradable chelator for use herein is ethylenediamine disuccinate ("EDDS") especially the s,s form as described in U.S. patent 4 704 233.

Polymeric Soil Release Agent

According to the present invention the detergent compositions may comprise a polymeric soil release agent. Polymeric soil release agents are characterised by having a hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments.

Polymeric soil release agents for use herein have a) 1 or more nonionic hydrophile components consisting of (i) polyoxyethylene segments with a degree of polymerisation of at least 2, or (ii) oxypropylene or polyoxypropylene segments with a polymerisation degree of 2 to 10, wherein said hydrophile segment does not encompass any oxypropylene unit unless bonded to adjacent moieties at each end by ether linkages, or (iii) a mixture of oxyalkylene units comprising oxyethylene and from 1 to 30 oxyoxypropylene units, or b) 1 or more hydrophobe components comprising (i) C3 oxyalkylene terephthalate segments, wherein, if said hydrophobe components also comprise oxyethylene terephthalate, the ratio of oxyethylene terethphalate:C3 oxyalkylene terephthalate units is about 2:1 or lower, (ii) C4-C6 alkylene or oxy C4-C6 alkylene segments, or mixtures therein, (iii) poly (vinyl ester segments, preferably poly (vinyl acetate), having a

degree of polymerisation of at least 2, or (iv) C1-C4 alkyl ether or C4 hydroxyalkyl ether substituents or mixtures thereof, wherein said subsituents are present in the form of C1-C4 alkyl ether or C4 hydroxyalkyl ether cellulose derivatives, or mixtures thereof and such cellulose derivatives are amphiphilic, whereby they have a sufficient level of C1-C4 alkyl ether and/or C4 hydroxyalkyl ether units to deposit upon conventional polyester synthetic fibre surfaces and retain a sufficient level of hydroxyls to increase fibre surface hydrophihcity, or a combination of (a) and (b).

Typically the polyoxyethylene segments of (a)(i) have a degree of polymerisation of 2 to 200, preferably 3 to 150, most preferably 6 to 100. Suitable oxy C4-C6 alkylene hydrophobe segments include end caps of polymeric soil release agents such as Mθ3S(CH) _n OCH2CH2θ-, where M is sodium and n is an integer from 4 to 6.

Soil release agents characterised by poly(vinyl ester) hydrophobe segments include graft copolymers of poly(vinyl ester), e.g. C1-C6 vinyl esters, preferably poly vinyl acetate) grafted onto polyalkylene oxide backbones, such as polyethylene oxide backbones. Commercially available materials of this kind include Sokalan marketed by BASF.

Polymeric Dispersing Agents

Polymeric dispersing agents are suitable optional ingredients in the detergent compositions of the present invention. Suitable polymeric dispersing agents include for example polymeric polycarboxylates and polyethylene glycols. It is believed that the polymeric dispersing agents enhance overall detergent builder performance when used in combination with other builders by crystal growth inhibition, paniculate soil release peptitization and anti-redeposition.

Polymeric polycarboxylate materials can be prepared by polymerising or copolymerising suitable unsaturated monomers, preferably in their acid form. Unsaturated monomeric acids that can be polymerised to form suitable polymeric polycarboxylates include acrylic acid aconitic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid and methylenemalonic

acid. The presence in the polymeric polycarboxylates herein of monomeric segments containing no carboxylate radicals such as vinylmethyl ether styrene, ethylene etc. is suitable provided that such segments do not constitute more than about 40% by weight.

Particularly suitable polymeric polycarboxylates can be derived from acrylic acid. Such acrylic acid-based polymers which are useful herein are the water soluble salts of polymerised acrylic acid. The average molecular weight of such polymers in the acid form preferably ranges from about 2000 to 10 000, more preferably from about 4000 to 7000 and most preferably from about 4000 to 5000. Water soluble salts of such acrylic acid polymers can include for example the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts. Use of polyacrylates of this type in detergent compositions has been described for example in U.S. patent 3 308 067.

Acrylic maleic based copolymers may also be used as a preferred component of the dispersing/antiredeposition agent. Such materials include the water soluble salts of copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid. The average molecular weight of such copolymers in the acid form preferably ranges from about 2000 to 100 000, more preferably from 5000 to 75 000, most preferably from 7000 to 70 000. The ratio of acrylate to maleate segments in such copolymers will generally range from about 10:1 to 2: 1. water soluble salts such of such acrylic acid/maleic acid copolymers can include for example the alkali metal, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts. Suitable acrylate/maleate copolymers of this type are known materials described in European Patent Application Number 66915.

Another polymeric material which can be included is polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG can exhibit dispersing agent performance as well as act as a clay soil removal/antireposition agent. Typical molecular weight ranges for these purposes range from about 500 to 100 000, preferably from about 1000 to 50 000, more preferably from about 1500 to 10 000.

Polyaspartate and polyglutamate dispersing agents (mol. wt. about 10000) may also be used especially in conjunction with zeolite builders.

Suds suppressor

Compounds for reducing or suppressing the formation of suds can be incorporated into the compositions of the present invention. Suds suppression can be of particular importance in the so-called "high concentration cleaning process" and in front-loading European-style washing machines.

A wide variety of materials may be used as suds suppressors, and suds suppressors are well known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third Edition, Volume 7, pages 430-447 (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1979). One category of suds suppressor of particular interest encompasses monocarboxylic fatty acid and soluble salts therein. See U.S. Patent 2,954,347, issued September 27, 1960 to Wayne St. John. The monocarboxylic fatty acids and salts thereof used as suds suppressor typically have hydrocarbyl chains of 10 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Suitable salts include the alkali metal salts such as sodium, potassium, and lithium salts, and ammonium and alkanolammonium salts.

The detergent compositions herein may also contain non-surfactant suds suppressors. These include, for example: high molecular weight hydrocarbons such as paraffin, fatty acid esters (e.g., fatty acid triglycerides), fatty acid esters of monovalent alcohols, aliphatic Cιg-C40 ketones (e.g., stearone), etc. Other suds inhibitors include N-alkylated amino triazines such as tri- to hexa-alkylmelamines or di- to tetra- alkyldiamine chlortriazines formed as products of cyanuric chloride with two or three moles of a primary or secondary amine containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, propylene oxide, and monostearyl phosphates such as monostearyl alcohol phosphate ester and monostearyl di-alkali metal (e.g., K, Na, and Li) phosphates and phosphate esters. The hydrocarbons such as paraffin and haloparaffin can be utilized in liquid form. The liquid hydrocarbons will be liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and will have a pour point in the range of about -40 °C and about 50°C, and a minimum boiling point not less than about 110°C

(atmospheric pressure). It is also known to utilize waxy hydrocarbons, preferably having a melting point below about 100°C. The hydrocarbons constitute a preferred category of suds suppressor for detergent compositions. Hydrocarbon suds suppressors are described, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,265,779, issued May 5, 1981 to Gandolfo et al. The hydrocarbons, thus, include aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, and heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons having from about 12 to about 70 carbon atoms. The term "paraffin," as used in this suds suppressor discussion, is intended to include mixtures of true paraffins and cyclic hydrocarbons.

Another preferred category of non-surfactant suds suppressors comprises silicone suds suppressors. This category includes the use of polyorganosiloxane oils, such as polydimethylsiloxane, dispersions or emulsions of polyorganosiloxane oils or resins, and combinations of polyorganosiloxane with silica particles wherein the polyorganosiloxane is chemisorbed or fused onto the silica. Silicone suds suppressors are well known in the art and are, for example, disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,265,779, issued May 5, 1981 to Gandolfo et al and European Patent Application No. 89307851.9, published February 7, 1990, by Starch, M. S.

Other silicone suds suppressors are disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,455,839 which relates to compositions and processes for defoaming aqueous solutions by incorporating therein small amounts of polydimethylsiloxane fluids.

Mixtures of silicone and silanated silica are described, for instance, in German Patent Application DOS 2,124,526. Silicone defoamers and suds controlling agents in granular detergent compositions are disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,933,672, Bartolotta et al, and in U.S. Patent 4,652,392, Baginski et al, issued March 24, 1987.

An exemplary silicone based suds suppressor for use herein is a suds suppressing amount of a suds controlling agent consisting essentially of:

6/06149

30

(i) polydimethylsiloxane fluid having a viscosity of from about 20 cs. to about 1 ,500 cs. at 25 °C; (ii) from about 5 to about 50 parts per 100 parts by weight of (i) of siloxane resin composed of (CH3)3SiOι/2 units of Siθ2 units in a ratio of from (CH3)3 SiOι/2 units and to Siθ2 units of from about 0.6: 1 to about 1.2:1 ; and (iii) from about 1 to about 20 parts per 100 parts by weight of (i) of a solid silica gel.

In the preferred silicone suds suppressor used herein, the solvent for a continuous phase is made up of certain polyethylene glycols or polyethylene-polypropylene glycol copolymers or mixtures thereof (preferred), or polypropylene glycol. The primary silicone suds suppressor is branched/crosslinked and preferably not linear.

To illustrate this point further, typical liquid laundry detergent compositions with controlled suds will optionally comprise from about 0.001 to about 1 , preferably from about 0.01 to about 0.7, most preferably from about 0.05 to about 0.5, weight % of said silicone suds suppressor, which comprises (1) a nonaqueous emulsion of a primary antifoam agent which is a mixture of (a) a polyorganosiloxane, (b) a resinous siloxane or a silicone resin-producing silicone compound, (c) a finely divided filler material, and (d) a catalyst to promote the reaction of mixture components (a), (b) and (c), to form silanolates; (2) at least one nonionic silicone surfactant; and (3) polyethylene glycol or a copolymer of polyethylene-polypropylene glycol having a solubility in water at room temperature of more than about 2 weight % ; and without polypropylene glycol. Similar amounts can be used in granular compositions, gels, etc. See also U.S. Patents 4,978,471 , Starch, issued December 18, 1990, and 4,983,316, Starch, issued January 8, 1991 , 5,288,431 , Huber et al., issued February 22, 1994, and U.S. Patents 4,639,489 and 4,749,740, Aizawa et al at column 1 , line 46 through column 4, line 35.

The silicone suds suppressor herein preferably comprises polyethylene glycol and a copolymer of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol, all having an average molecular weight of less than about 1 ,000, preferably between about 100 and 800. The

polyethylene glycol and polyethylene/polypropylene copolymers herein have a solubility in water at room temperature of more than about 2 weight % , preferably more than about 5 weight % .

The preferred solvent herein is polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of less than about 1 ,000, more preferably between about 100 and 800, most preferably between 200 and 400, and a copolymer of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol, preferably PPG 200/PEG 300. Preferred is a weight ratio of between about 1:1 and 1:10, most preferably between 1 :3 and 1 :6, of polyethylene glycol opolymer of polyethylene-polypropylene glycol.

The preferred silicone suds suppressors used herein do not contain polypropylene glycol, particularly of 4,000 molecular weight. They also preferably do not contain block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, like PLURONIC L101.

Other suds suppressors useful herein comprise the secondary alcohols (e.g., 2-alkyl alkanols) and mixtures of such alcohols with silicone oils, such as the silicones disclosed in U.S. 4,798,679, 4,075,118 and EP 150,872. The secondary alcohols include the C6-C16 alkyl alcohols having a C1-C16 chain. A preferred alcohol is 2-butyl octanol, which is available from Condea under the trademark ISOFOL 12. Mixtures of secondary alcohols are available under the trademark ISALCHEM 123 from Enichem. Mixed suds suppressors typically comprise mixtures of alcohol + silicone at a weight ratio of 1 :5 to 5: 1.

For any detergent compositions to be used in automatic laundry washing machines, suds should not form to the extent that they overflow the washing machine. Suds suppressors, when utilized, are preferably present in a "suds suppressing amount". By "suds suppressing amount" is meant that the formulator of the composition can select an amount of this suds controlling agent that will sufficiently control the suds to result in a low-sudsing laundry detergent for use in automatic laundry washing machines.

The compositions herein will generally comprise from 0% to about 5% of suds suppressor. When utilized as suds suppressors, monocarboxylic fatty acids, and salts therein, will be present typically in amounts up to about 5 % , by weight, of the detergent composition. Preferably, from about 0.5% to about 3% of fatty monocarboxylate suds suppressor is utilized. Silicone suds suppressors are typically utilized in amounts up to about 2.0% , by weight, of the detergent composition, although higher amounts may be used. This upper limit is practical in nature, due primarily to concern with keeping costs minimized and effectiveness of lower amounts for effectively controlling sudsing. Preferably from about 0.01 % to about 1 % of silicone suds suppressor is used, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 0.5 % . As used herein, these weight percentage values include any silica that may be utilized in combination with polyorganosiloxane, as well as any adjunct materials that may be utilized. Monostearyl phosphate suds suppressors are generally utilized in amounts ranging from about 0.1 % to about 2% , by weight, of the composition. Hydrocarbon suds suppressors are typically utilized in amounts ranging from about 0.01 % to about 5.0% , although higher levels can be used. The alcohol suds suppressors are typically used at 0.2%-3% by weight of the finished compositions.

Bleaching agents

The detergent compositions herein may optionally contain bleaching agents or bleaching compositions containing a bleaching agent and one or more bleach activators. When present, bleaching agents will typically be at levels of from about 1 % to about 30% , more typically from about 5% to about 20% , of the detergent composition, especially for fabric laundering. If present, the amount of bleach activators will typically be from about 0.1 % to about 60% , more typically from about 0.5% to about 40% of the bleaching composition comprising the bleaching agent-plus- bleach activator.

The bleaching agents used herein can be any of the bleaching agents useful for detergent compositions in textile cleaning, hard surface cleaning, or other cleaning purposes that are now known or become known. These include oxygen bleaches as well as other bleaching agents.

Perborate bleaches, e.g., sodium perborate (e.g., mono- or tetra-hydrate) can be used herein.

Another category of bleaching agent that can be used without restriction encompasses percarboxylic acid bleaching agents and salts thereof. Suitable examples of this class of agents include magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate, the magnesium salt of metachloro perbenzoic acid, 4-nonylamino-4-oxoperoxybutyric acid and diperoxydodecanedioic acid. Such bleaching agents are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,483,781 , Hartman, issued November 20, 1984, U.S. Patent Application 740,446, Burns et al, filed June 3, 1985, European Patent Application 0,133,354, Banks et al, published February 20, 1985, and U.S. Patent 4,412,934, Chung et al, issued November 1 , 1983. Highly preferred bleaching agents also include 6-nonylamino-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid as described in U.S. Patent 4,634,551, issued January 6, 1987 to Burns et al.

Peroxygen bleaching agents can also be used. Suitable peroxygen bleaching compounds include sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate and equivalent "percarbonate" bleaches, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, and sodium peroxide. Persulfate bleach (e.g., OXONE, manufactured commercially by DuPont) can also be used.

A preferred percarbonate bleach comprises dry particles having an average particle size in the range from about 500 micrometers to about 1,000 micrometers, not more than about 10% by weight of said particles being smaller than about 200 micrometers and not more than about 10% by weight of said particles being larger than about 1 ,250 micrometers. Optionally, the percarbonate can be coated with silicate, borate or water- soluble surfactants. Percarbonate is available from various commercial sources such as FMC, Solvay and Tokai Denka.

Mixtures of bleaching agents can also be used. Peroxygen bleaching agents, the perborates, the percarbonates, etc., are preferably combined with bleach activators, which lead to the in situ production in aqueous solution (i.e., during the washing process) of the peroxy acid

corresponding to the bleach activator. Various nonlimiting examples of activators are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,915,854, issued April 10, 1990 to Mao et al, and U.S. Patent 4,412,934. The nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (NOBS) and tetraacetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) activators are typical, and mixtures thereof can also be used. See also U.S. 4,634,551 for other typical bleaches and activators useful herein.

Highly preferred amido-derived bleach activators are those of the formulae:

RlN(R5)C(0)R2C(0)L or R1C(0)N(R5)R2C(0)L wherein Rl is an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, R2 is an alkylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R*5 is H or alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and L is any suitable leaving group. A leaving group is any group that is displaced from the bleach activator as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the bleach activator by the perhydrolysis anion. A preferred leaving group is phenyl sulfonate.

Preferred examples of bleach activators of the above formulae include (6-octanamido-caproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate, (6- nonanamidocaproyl)- oxybenzenesulfonate, (6-decanamido- caproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate, and mixtures thereof as described in U.S. Patent 4,634,551 , incorporated herein by reference.

Another class of bleach activators comprises the benzoxazin-type activators disclosed by Hodge et al in U.S. Patent 4,966,723, issued

October 30, 1990, incorporated herein by reference. A highly preferred activator of the benzoxazin-type is:

Still another class of preferred bleach activators includes the acyl lactam activators, especially acyl caprolactams and acyl valerolactams of the formulae:

wherein R6 is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms. Highly preferred lactam activators include benzoyl caprolactam, octanoyl caprolactam, 3,5,5- trimethylhexanoyl caprolactam, nonanoyl caprolactam, decanoyl caprolactam, undecenoyl caprolactam, benzoyl valerolactam, octanoyl valerolactam, decanoyl valerolactam, undecenoyl valerolactam, nonanoyl valerolactam, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl valerolactam and mixtures thereof. See also U.S. Patent 4,545,784, issued to Sanderson, October 8, 1985, incorporated herein by reference, which discloses acyl caprolactams, including benzoyl caprolactam, adsorbed into sodium perborate.

Bleaching agents other than oxygen bleaching agents are also known in the art and can be utilized herein. One type of non-oxygen bleaching agent of particular interest includes photoactivated bleaching agents such as the sulfonated zinc and/or aluminum phthalocyanines. See U.S. Patent 4,033,718, issued July 5, 1977 to Holcombe et al. If used, detergent compositions will typically contain from about 0.025% to about 1.25%, by weight, of such bleaches, especially sulfonate zinc phthalocyanine.

If desired, the bleaching compounds can be catalyzed by means of a manganese compound. Such compounds are well known in the art and include, for example, the manganese-based catalysts disclosed in U.S. Pat. 5,246,621 , U.S. Pat. 5,244,594; U.S. Pat. 5, 194,416; U.S. Pat. 5,114,606; and European Pat. App. Pub. Nos. 549,271 Al , 549,272A1 , 544.440A2, and 544,490A1 ; Preferred examples of these catalysts include Mn- u-O O ,4,7-trimethyl-l ,4,7-triazacyclononane)2(PF6)2, Mn-Η2( ^u "0)l (u-OAc)2(l ,4,7-trimethyl-l ,4,7-triazacyclononane)2- (Clθ4)2, Mn ^IV 4(u-0)6(l ,4,7-triazacyclononane)4(Clθ4)4, MnH-lMn ¹ ^ (u-O)ι (u-OAc)2-(l ,4,7-trimethyl-l ,4, 7-triazacyclononane)2(Clθ4)3, Mn ^IV (l ,4,7-trimethyl-l ,4,7-triazacyclononane)- (OCH3)3(PF6), and mixtures thereof. Other metal-based bleach catalysts include those

disclosed in U.S. Pat. 4,430,243 and U.S. Pat. 5,114,611. The use of manganese with various complex ligands to enhance bleaching is also reported in the following United States Patents: 4,728,455; 5,284,944; 5,246,612; 5,256,779; 5,280,117; 5,274,147; 5,153,161 ; 5,227,084;

In its broadest aspect the present invention relates to detergent compositions. These compositions may be in any form such as powder, granules, liquid, paste, gel or solid bar. Each particular embodiment of the present invention may additionally comprise optional ingredients such as soil suspending agents, abrasives, bactericides, tarnish inhibitors, colouring agents, corrosion inhibitors and perfumes, which are known in the art and are required to formulate the particular composition.

The detergent compositions described herein are for use in cleaning purposes, principally for fabric treatment. However, the compositions may also find utility for both manual and automatic dishwashing purposes.

Examples

The invention will now be described in more detail in the following non- limiting examples.

Examples lto 5

Examples 1 to 5 illustrate the soil removal performance of the alkyl alkoxylated sulphates of the present invention.

Soil removal testing, using an Atlas launder-Ometer, was carried out in a wash solution containing lOOOppm anionic surfactant, 500ppm zeolite, 500ppm SKS-6, 500ppm carbonate, lOOppm suds-suppressor. The water hardness of the wash solution was either 5dH (Clark) or 25 dH (Clark). The temperature of the wash solution was either 20°C or 60°C. The wash cycle time was 45 minutes. The stain was on WFK sebum stain on cotton fabric. Differences in greasy soil removal performance are recorded in panel score units (psu), positive having a better performance than the reference product. The following grading scale (psu grading) was used:

0 = equal

1 = I think this one is better

2 = 1 know this one is a little better

3 = This one is a lot better

4 = This one is a whole lot better

Grading is done under controlled light conditions by expert graders. The number of replicates used in this test was eight.

- Example 1 : wash solution A contains an alkyl ethoxylated sulphonate with a C14-C15 chain-length, an average of 0.6 moles ethylene oxide per mole of surfactant, containing 23% AEiS, 10% AE2S and 6% AE _X S (with x > 3.0).

- Example 2: wash solution B contains an alkyl ethoxylated sulphate with a C14-C15 chain-length, an average of 3 moles ethylene oxide per mole of surfactant.

- Example 3: wash solution C contains an alkyl ethoxylated sulphate with a C 4-C15 chain-length, an average of 0.6 moles ethylene oxide per mole of surfactants, containing 2% AEiS, 3% AE2S and 12% AE _X S, (with x> 3.0).

- Example 4: wash solution D contains an alkyl sulphate with a wide chain-length distribution (ie Ci2-Cl4 Ci6-Cιg).

- Example 5: wash solution E contains an C14-C15 alkyl sulphate.

The wash solution in example 1 contains a detergent composition covered by the invention.

Soil removal performance of A versus B, C, D, E (psu):

B C D E

20°C, 5dH +2.88 + 1.63 +3.38 + 1.25

20°C, 25dH +2.88 -0.88 + 1.25 +0.75

60°C, 5dH +2.88 + 1.13 +2.63 +2.75

60°C, 25dH +2.50 +0.38 +2.50 +0.75

The detergent compositions described in example 1 has an excellent greasy soil removal performance across a wide range of temperatures and water hardness.

Examples 6 to 1 1

Soil removal testing as described in examples 1 to 5 was carried out with a wash solution containing 700ppm anionic surfactant, 300ppm nonionic surfactant (either C12-C15 AE3 or C14-C15 AE7), 500ppm zeolite, 500pρm SK5-6, 500ppm carbonate, lOOppm suds-suppressor. The temperature of the wash solution was either 20 °C or 60 °C. The water hardness was 5dH (Clark).

Example 6: as example 1 and with C12-C15 AE3 nonionic: wash solution F Example 7: as example 1 and with C14-C15 AE7 nonionic: wash solution G Example 8: as example 2 and with C12-C 5 AE3 nonionic: wash solution H Example 9: as example 2 and with C14-C 5 AE7 nonionic: wash solution I Example 10: as example 3 and with C12-C15 AE3 nonionic: wash solution J Example 11 : as example 3 and with C14-C15 AE7 nonionic: wash solution K

The wash solutions in Examples 6 & 7 comprise a detergent composition of the invention.

Soil removal performance of F versus H and J (psu).

H J

20°C + 1.63 +0.5 60°C +2.06 +0.5

Soil removal performance of G versus I and K (psu)

I

20°C +2.25 +0.5

60°C + 1.38 +0.13

Examples 12 to 13

The examples 12 to 13 illustrate the wetting properties of the present invention.

Wash solutions A, B, C, D, E were prepared as in examples 1 to 5.

6/06149

40

Example 12

The wetting time of untreated wool by solution A-E was measured

A B £ D E

Wetting time (sec) 6.5 11.5 12.5 8.0 7.0

Example 13

The wetting time of wool pretreated with fabric conditioners.

A B __ D E

W W * C-rltLiinπgσ time (sec) 3.5 6.0 4.0 4.3 4.3

Wash solution A which comprises specific alkyl ethoxylated sulphates of the present invention has improved wetting properties.

Examples 14-17

The following granular detergent compositions were prepared by mixing the listed ingredients in the amounts specified.

Detergent composition: 14 15 16 17

Linear Alkyl Sulphate - 3.6

Alkyl Ethoxylated Sulphate AExS with x = 0 6.6 0.5 5.4 7.2 with x = 1 2.5 3.8 2.1 2.8 with x = 2 1.1 0.5 1.8 1.2 with x = 3 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 Alkyl Ethoxy late 5 6 4 4 Alkyl-N-methyl Glucosamide 2 3 - _ Alkyl tri-methyl ammonium chloride Perborate

Percarbonate 22 - 17 -

N,N,N,N-tetra acetyl ethylene 6 - 5 2 diamine

S.S-Ethylene diamine-di-succinic acid 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.2

Enzymes (e.g. lipase, cellulase, protease, amylase) 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.4

Aluminosilicate (zeolite A) 14 15 10 8

Layered silicate/citric acid 12 - - -

Sodium citrate 5 - - - sodium carbonate 8 8 6 6 sodium silicate - - - - sulphate - - - 1 1 sodium maleic <£ acrylic acid 5 4 3 3 copolymer sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Soil release polymer 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 polyvinyl-N-oxide 0.03 0.2 - -

PEG - 0.5 - - brighteners, suds suppressors 0.3 - 0.2 0.2

Example 18

A liquid detergent composition according to the present invention was prepared containing the following ingredients:

% by weight of the detergent composition

AExS with x = 0 15.6 x = 1 6.0 x = 2 2.6 x = 3 1.8

C i2-C i4 N-methyl glucamide 6.5

C 2-Ci4 fatty alcohol ethoxylate 6.5

Cj2-C 16 fatty acid 7

Citric acid anhydrous 6.0

Diethylene triamine penta methylene phosphonic acid 1.0

Monoethanolamine 13.2

Propanediol 12.7

Ethanol 1.8

Enzymes (e.g. lipase, protease, cellulase, amylase) 0.9

Terephthalate-based polymer 0.5

Boric acid 2.4 Minors and water