KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES: "AoA Direction Search for RRM Setups", vol. RAN WG5, no. Ljubljana, Slovenia ;20190826 - 20190830, 30 September 2019 (2019-09-30), XP051805576, Retrieved from the Internet
ANRITSU: "On FR2 Blocker Test with Offset Antenna", vol. RAN WG5, no. Online; 20201109 - 20201120, 31 October 2020 (2020-10-31), XP051949419, Retrieved from the Internet
CLAIMS 1. A user equipment (UE), comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to: receive communications from a set of transmission and reception points (TRPs) concurrently at a first panel and a second panel, wherein the set of TRPs comprises a first TRP and a second TRP; identify a requirement for a minimum angular separation between the first TRP and the second TRP; and determine a complementary cumulative distribution function for effective isotropic sensitivity (EIS) based on the requirement for the minimum angular separation between the first TRP and the second TRP. 2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the complementary cumulative distribution function is a conditional complementary cumulative distribution function. 3. The UE of claim 2, wherein the conditional complementary cumulative distribution function is used to set an EIS requirement, and the EIS requirement is less than a threshold value. 4. The UE of claim 2, wherein the conditional complementary cumulative distribution function comprises a maximum interference requirement for the set of TRPs. 5. The UE of claim 1, wherein the complementary cumulative distribution function is based on an exclusion zone. 6. The UE of claim 5, wherein the exclusion zone is determined by an exclusion angle. 7. The UE of claim 6, wherein the exclusion angle is signaled by the UE. 8. The UE of claim 6, wherein a size of exclusion zone increases as the exclusion angle increases. 9. The UE of claim 5, wherein the exclusion zone indicates a set of directions for which an angle between any direction in the set of directions and a direction of a first TRP is less than an exclusion angle and from which the second TRP is excluded. 10. The UE of claim 1, wherein the EIS is expressed in dB. 11. The UE of claim 1, wherein the EIS is determined for a best beam of the first panel and for a best beam of the second panel. 12. A method performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving communications from a set of transmission and reception points (TRPs) concurrently at a first panel and a second panel, wherein the set of TRPs comprises a first TRP and a second TRP; identifying a requirement for a minimum angular separation between the first TRP and the second TRP; and determining a complementary cumulative distribution function for effective isotropic sensitivity (EIS) based on the requirement for the minimum angular separation between the first TRP and the second TRP. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the complementary cumulative distribution function is a conditional complementary cumulative distribution function. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the conditional complementary cumulative distribution function is used to set an EIS requirement, and the EIS requirement is less than a threshold value. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the conditional complementary cumulative distribution function comprises a maximum interference requirement for the set of TRPs. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the cumulative distribution function is based on an exclusion zone. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the exclusion zone is determined by an exclusion angle. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the exclusion angle is signaled by the UE. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein a size of the exclusion zone increases as the exclusion angle increases. 20. A processor for wireless communication, comprising: at least one controller coupled with at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to: receive communications from a set of transmission and reception points (TRPs) concurrently at a first panel and a second panel, wherein the set of TRPs comprises a first TRP and a second TRP; identify a requirement for a minimum angular separation between the first TRP and the second TRP; and determine a complementary cumulative distribution function for effective isotropic sensitivity (EIS) based on the requirement for the minimum angular separation between the first TRP and the second TRP. |
Operating band at 50 %-tile CDF (dBm) n257 11.5 [0038] Table T4: UE Spherical Coverage for Power Class 4 Operating band Min EIRP at 20 %-tile CDF (dBm) 257 25 [0039] Table T5: UE Spherical Coverage for Power Class 5 Operating band Min EIRP at 85 %-tile CDF (dBm) [0040] The EIS spherical coverage for the different power classes are shown in the tables T6-T10 below: [0041] Table T6: EIS Spherical Coverage for Power Class 1 EIS at 85 th %-tile CCDF (dBm) / Channel bandwidth Operating band 50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 400 MHz [0042] Table T7: EIS Spherical Coverage for Power Class 2 Operating EIS at 60 th %-tile CCDF (dBm) / Channel bandwidth [0043] Table T8: EIS Spherical Coverage for Power Class 3
Operating EIS at 50 th %- CCDF (dBm) / Channel bandwidth [0044] Table T9: EIS Spherical Coverage for Power Class 4 Operating EIS at 20 th %-tile CCDF (dBm) / Channel bandwidth [0045] Table T10: EIS Spherical Coverage for Power Class 5
Operating EIS at 85 th %- CCDF (dBm) / Channel bandwidth [0046] Figure 2 illustrates one embodiment 200 of a communication device (e.g., a UE 104) with four antenna panels, as related to multi-antenna panel transmission and reception. Each antenna panel of the device is comprised of multiple antenna elements which can be dipole antennas, patch antennas, or other types of antenna elements. Each antenna element can have a single polarization or dual polarizations. The antenna elements comprising an antenna array can have uniform spacing, such as half wavelength spacing. The antenna elements can be configured as a linear array, such as in a 1 x 8 array with eight antenna elements in a single dimension, or as a rectangular array, such as a 2 x 4 array with two antenna elements in a first dimension and four antenna elements in a second dimension for a total of eight antenna elements. [0047] For handheld devices (e.g., a UE), it can be assumed that each device will have at least two antenna panels. In order to evaluate the coverage reliability and redundancy for the device, the cumulative distribution of the second-best beam is considered for each azimuth and elevation, where the second-best beam must be from an antenna panel that is different than the antenna panel that is used to source the best beam. The cumulative distribution of the second-best beam indicates the coverage that is achievable when the best beam is either blocked or cannot be used due to MPE or SAR regulations. It should be noted that the panel used for the best beam and the panel used for the second-best beam will depend on the direction of measurement (azimuth and elevation) relative to the device. [0048] A test and measurement mode of operation can be defined for a communication device (e.g., a UE) for measurement of the EIRP with the following designated characteristics. The UE scans for the synchronization system block (SSB) or other reference signal using each of its antenna panels. Depending on the UE capability, the UE may scan for the SSB on the antenna panels sequentially or in parallel. If the UE scans for the SSB on the antenna panels sequentially, the UE scans all of the beams on the first prior to scanning any of the beams on the second panel. If the UE has the capability to scan for the SSB on the antenna panels simultaneously, then the UE can scan beams for each antenna panel independently. Additionally, the UE indicates to the test equipment which antenna panels have a beam that can be used to demodulate the PBCH independently of the other panels. [0049] Further, for each antenna panel that can demodulate the PBCH, the UE transmits a known reference signal using the best beam from that antenna panel. The reference signal is transmitted at maximum power. It can be noted that separate power amplifiers are used for each antenna panel, so that the single beam from each panel can be transmitted at full power. The test equipment measures the power of the received reference signal to determine the EIRP for the given azimuth and elevation (relative to the UE) for each antenna panel. The UE can be assigned different frequency resources (resource blocks) for each antenna panel’s transmission so that the test equipment can measure the EIRP for the best beam from each antenna panel independently without the transmissions interfering with each other. If receiver blocking is a concern so that a weak signal adjacent in frequency to a strong signal may be lost due to dynamic range limitations, then the test equipment can instruct the UE to transmit on the best beams of the antenna panels sequentially using the same frequency resources. [0050] Figure 3 illustrates one embodiment 300 of a spherical coordinate system associated with testing a communication device (e.g., a UE 104), as related to multi-antenna panel transmission and reception. With reference to test setups, a transmit/receive test probe may be rotated in azimuth and elevation about a device that is being tested. Alternatively, the transmit/receive test probe may be fixed in position, and the device that is being tested is rotated in azimuth and elevation about the test probe. In either case, the testing integrates over the unit sphere with a radius equal to one (1). [0051] During the EIRP test and measurement, the test equipment records the EIRP, EIRP ^ ^^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ for each panel i, 1 ≤ ^ ≤ ^, where P is the number of antenna panels on the device, and for a set of azimuth and elevation angles ^^ ^ , ^ ^ ^, 0 ≤ ^ ^ < 2^, 0 ≤ ^ ^ < ^ that cover the unit sphere. The measurements are taken over a set of points on a sphere centered on the device under test (e.g., the UE) with sufficient granularity to achieve the required measurement accuracy and uncertainty. The measurement points are defined with respect to their azimuth and elevation relative to the UE. The measurement points may be uniformly spaced or not, but the weight applied to each measurement when determining the cumulative distribution function or the complementary cumulative distribution function should the area on the sphere that is closer to the measurement point than to any other measurement point as measured in steradians. [0052] While taking the EIRP measurements as described above, the test equipment collects the following statistics: 1) The cumulative distribution of the best beam power received from the first antenna panel. 2) The cumulative distribution of the best beam power received from the second antenna panel. 3) The cumulative distribution of the best beam power received from the n-th antenna panel. 4) The peak power received from the first antenna panel taken over all beams and all azimuths and elevations. 5) The peak power received from the second antenna panel taken over all beams and all azimuths and elevations. 6) The peak power received from the n-th antenna panel taken over all beams and all azimuths and elevations. 7) The azimuth and elevation of the peak power of the first antenna panel. 8) The azimuth and elevation of the peak power of the second antenna panel. 9) The azimuth and elevation of the peak power of the n-th antenna panel. 10) The cumulative distribution of the power received from the best beam taken over all of the UE antenna panels. 11) The cumulative distribution of the power received from the second-best beam, where the second-best beam is the best beam taken over all of the antenna panels excluding the antenna panel of the best beam. 12) The cumulative distribution of the power received from the n-th best beam, where the n-th best beam is the best beam taken over all of the antenna panels excluding the antenna panels corresponding to the best beams up to and including the n-1-st best beam. 13) The cumulative distribution of the sum of the power received from the best beam taken over all of the antenna panels second-best beam, where the second-best beam is the best beam taken over all antenna panels excluding the antenna panel of the best beam and the combined power is given by: EIRP ^ ^^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ = EIRP ^ ^^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ + EIRP ^ ^^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ 14) The cumulative distribution of the sum of the power received on the best n beams where the j-th best beam is the best beam taken over all of the antenna panels excluding panels corresponding to the beams up to and including the j-1-st best beam and the combined power is given by: EIRP ^ ^^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ = EIRP ^ ^^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ + EIRP ^ ^^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ + ⋯ + EIRP ^ ^^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ [0053] A test and measurement mode of operation can be defined for a communication device (e.g., a UE) for determining the EIS with the following designated characteristics. The UE scans for the SSB or other reference signal using each of its antenna panels. Depending on the UE capability, the UE may scan for the SSB on the antenna panels sequentially or in parallel. If the UE scans for the SSB on the antenna panels sequentially, the UE scans all of the beams on the first panel prior to scanning any of the beams on the second panel. If the UE has the capability to scan for the SSB on the antenna panels simultaneously, then the UE can scan beams for each antenna panel independently. Additionally, the UE indicates to the test equipment which antenna panels have a beam that can be used to demodulate the PBCH independently of the other panels. The test equipment transmits a reference signal to the UE at a first power level. [0054] Using the best beam at each antenna panel, the UE attempts to demodulate the reference signal. The beams are not combined prior to demodulation. Depending on the UE capability, the UE may demodulate the reference signal on the best beams of the UE antenna panels sequentially or in parallel. The UE determines the error rate for the demodulated test signal. Further, the UE indicates for each antenna panel whether or not the error rate exceeded the threshold defined for reference sensitivity. If the error rate was not exceeded for at least one antenna panel, the test equipment transmits the reference signal to the UE at a power level that is less than the first power level. The reference sensitivity for each antenna panel is the minimum power for which the reference signal is demodulated with an error rate less than the threshold defined for reference sensitivity. [0055] During the EIS test and measurement, the test equipment records the EIS, EIS ^ ^^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ for each panel i, 1 ≤ ^ ≤ ^, where P is the number of antenna panels on the device, and for a set of azimuth and elevation ^ ^ ^, 0 ≤ ^ ^ < 2^, 0 ≤ ^ ^ < ^ that cover the unit sphere. The measurements are taken over a set of points on a sphere centered on the device under test (e.g., the UE) with sufficient achieve the required measurement accuracy and uncertainty. The measurement points are defined with respect to their azimuth and elevation relative to the UE. The measurement points may be uniformly spaced or not, but the weight applied to each measurement when determining the cumulative distribution function or the complementary cumulative distribution function should reflect the area on the sphere that is closer to the measurement point than to any other measurement point as measured in steradians. [0056] While taking the EIS measurements as described above, the test equipment collects the following statistics: 1) The complementary cumulative distribution of the best beam EIS for the first antenna panel. 2) The complementary cumulative distribution of the best beam EIS for the second antenna panel. 3) The complementary cumulative distribution of the best beam EIS for the n-th antenna panel. 4) The minimum EIS for the first antenna panel taken over all beams and all azimuths and elevations. 5) The minimum EIS for the second antenna panel taken over all azimuths and elevations. 6) The minimum EIS for the n-th antenna panel taken over all azimuths and elevation. 7) The azimuth and elevation of the minimum EIS of the first antenna panel. 8) The azimuth and elevation of the minimum EIS of the second antenna panel. 9) The azimuth and elevation of the minimum EIS of the n-th antenna panel. 10) The complementary cumulative distribution of best beam EIS taken over all of the antenna panels. 11) The complementary cumulative distribution of the EIS of the second-best beam where the second-best beam is the best beam taken over all of the antenna panels excluding the antenna panel of the best beam. 12) The complementary cumulative distribution of the EIS of the n-th best beam where the n-th best beam is the best over all of the antenna panels excluding the antenna panels corresponding to the best beams up to and including the n-1-st best beam. 13) The cumulative distribution of the combined EIS of the best beam taken over all of the antenna panels and the second-best beam where the second-best beam is the best beam taken over all of the antenna panels excluding the panels corresponding to the best beam, where the combined EIS is given by: ^^ 1 1 E IS^^^^ , ^^^ = ^^^ + ^^^ ^ 14) The cumulative distribution of the combined EIS of the n best beams taken over all of the antenna panels, where the j-th best beam is the best beam taken over all of the antenna panels excluding panels corresponding to the beams up to and including the j-1-st best beam, and where the combined EIS is given by: ^^ 1 1 1 E IS^^^^, ^^^ = + + ⋯ + [0057] In order to address reducing the typical measurement time required to take the EIRP and EIS measurements for a communication device (e.g., a UE) that has multiple antenna panels, innovative test modes are described in this disclosure. For the EIRP measurement, after determining the best beam for each panel for a given azimuth and elevation from the SSB, the UE transmits a reference signal with maximum power on the best beam for each antenna panel. The UE can be assigned different frequency resources (resource blocks) for each antenna panel’s transmission so that the test equipment can measure the EIRP for the best beam from each antenna panel independently without the transmissions interfering with each other. For the EIS measurement, after determining the best beam for each panel for a given azimuth and elevation using the received SSB, the UE receives a reference signal from the test equipment and demodulates the reference signal independently for each antenna panel using the best beam. The UE indicates for each power level and each antenna panel whether or not the error rate exceeded the threshold defined for reference sensitivity. [0058] When defining coverage requirements with multi-panel transmission and reception, there are primarily two cases that are taken into consideration. Notably, multi-panel requirements for a single transmission/reception point (TRP), and multi-panel requirements for two or more TRPs. In the case of the multi-panel for two or more TRPs, each antenna panel transmits to and receives from a single transmission point, which is different from the TRPs from which the other antenna panels transmit and receive. Coverage requirements are considered for each of these two cases. [0059] With respect to multi-panel, single-TRP coverage requirements, the combined EIRP, EIRP C (θ, ϕ), and the combined EIS, EIS C (θ, ϕ), described above in the respective steps 13 for the EIRP and EIS measurements, reflect the combined EIRP and EIS when a communication device (e.g., a UE) is using the two best panels to transmit to and receive from a single TRP. It should be noted that the two best panels will depend on the direction (θ, ϕ) of the TRP relative to the UE. [0060] Figure 4 illustrates one embodiment of a signaling diagram that supports multi-antenna panel transmission and reception. A communication device (e.g., a UE 104) includes at least a transceiver and a set of antenna panels. The UE 104 transmits (at step 1) a first signal from the transceiver via a first antenna panel to a first TRP 402 in a first transmission direction. The UE also transmits (at step 2) a second signal from the transceiver via a second antenna panel to a second TRP 402 in a second transmission direction. A testing device 404 receives (at 406) the first and second signals transmitted from the UE 104 to the TRPs 402, and measures (at step 3) the EIRP. The UE 104 limits interference (at step 4) between the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel. The interference by the first antenna panel is limited based on the EIRP from the first antenna panel in the second transmission direction toward the second TRP. Similarly, the interference by the second antenna panel is limited based on the EIRP from the second antenna panel in the first transmission direction toward the first TRP. Although the UE 104 and the testing device 402 are illustrated and described as separate devices and/or components, the testing device or comparable logic may be integrated with the UE. [0061] Figure 5 illustrates one embodiment of a signaling diagram that supports multi-antenna panel transmission and reception. A communication device (e.g., a UE 104) includes at least a transceiver and a set of antenna panels. The UE 104 receives (at step 1) a first signal from a first TRP 502 in a first reception direction via a first antenna panel. The UE also receives (at step 2) a second signal from a second TRP 502 in a second reception direction via a second antenna panel. A testing device 504 controls (at 506) the first and second signals transmitted from the TRPs 502 to the UE 104, and based on the EIRP of the TRPs in the direction of the UE, determines (at step 3) the EIS. The UE 104 limits interference (at step 4) between the first antenna panel and the second antenna panel. The interference by the first antenna panel is limited based on the EIS of the first antenna panel in the second reception direction of the second TRP. Similarly, the interference by the second antenna panel is based on the EIS of the second antenna panel in the first reception direction of the first TRP. Although the UE 104 and the testing device 502 are illustrated and described as separate devices and/or components, the testing device or comparable logic may be integrated with the UE. [0062] Figure 6 illustrates one embodiment of a block diagram 600 of a device 602 that supports multi-antenna panel transmission and reception. The device 602 may be an example of a UE 104 as described herein. The device 602 may support wireless communication and/or network signaling with one or more base stations 102, other UEs 104, network entities and devices, or any combination thereof. The device 602 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 604, a processor 606, a memory 608, a receiver 610, a transmitter 612, and an I/O controller 614. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses). [0063] The communications manager 604, the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the communications manager 604, the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the functions described herein. [0064] In some implementations, the communications manager 604, the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 606 and the memory 608 coupled with the processor 606 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing, by the processor 606, instructions stored in the memory 608). [0065] Additionally, or alternatively, in some implementations, the communications manager 604, the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by the processor 606. If implemented in code executed by the processor 606, the functions of the communications manager 604, the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or various combinations or components thereof may be by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU), an ASIC, an FPGA, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure). [0066] In some implementations, the communications manager 604 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or both. For example, the communications manager 604 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 612, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 612, or both to receive information, transmit information, or perform various other operations as described herein. Although the communications manager 604 is illustrated as a separate component, in some implementations, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 604 may be supported by or performed by the processor 606, the memory 608, or any combination thereof. For example, the memory 608 may store code, which may include instructions executable by the processor 606 to cause the device 602 to perform various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein, or the processor 606 and the memory 608 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations. [0067] For example, the communications manager 604 may support wireless communication and/or network signaling at a device (e.g., the device 602, a UE) in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The communications manager 604 and/or other device components may be configured as or otherwise support an apparatus, such as a UE. [0068] The communications manager 604 and/or other device components may be configured as or otherwise support a means for wireless communication and/or network signaling at a UE. [0069] The processor 606 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some implementations, the processor 606 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 606. The processor 606 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 608) to cause the device 602 to perform various functions of the present disclosure. [0070] The memory 608 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 608 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed processor 606 cause the device 602 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 606 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 608 may include, among other things, a basic I/O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. [0071] The I/O controller 614 may manage input and output signals for the device 602. The I/O controller 614 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 602. In some implementations, the I/O controller 614 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I/O controller 614 may utilize an operating system such as iOS®, ANDROID®, MS-DOS®, MS-WINDOWS®, OS/2®, UNIX®, LINUX®, or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I/O controller 614 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 606. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 602 via the I/O controller 614 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 614. [0072] In some implementations, the device 602 may include a single antenna 616. However, in some other implementations, the device 602 may have more than one antenna 616, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The receiver 610 and the transmitter 612 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 616, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the receiver 610 and the transmitter 612 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 616 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 616. [0073] It should be noted that one or more embodiments described herein may be combined into a single embodiment. [0074] In certain embodiments, such as for NR frequency range 2 (FR2) multi-RX chain, DL reception may have the following objectives: 1) have requirements for enhanced FR2 UEs with simultaneous DL reception with two different QCL TypeD RSs on single component carrier with up to 4 layer DL MIMO; 2) have enhanced RF requirements: specify RF requirements, mainly spherical coverage requirements, for devices with simultaneous reception from different directions with different QCL TypeD RSs. [0075] In some embodiments, it determined how to define spherical coverage requirements with simultaneous reception from different directions. Additionally, given the difficulty of placing two probes at all pairs of directions relative to the UE as well as the time required to take measurements over a sufficiently large number of direction pairs to accurately determine coverage, it may be possible to estimate multi-Rx spherical coverage using a single measurement probe. Multiple probes may then be used to verify the ability of the UE to receive simultaneously over a small number of direction pairs within the coverage region. [0076] In various embodiments, a single direction spherical coverage is defined in terms of the complementary distribution function of the effective isotropic sensitivity (EIS). Let EIS ^,^ ^ ^, ^ denote the EIS (in dB) of the j-th beam of the i-th antenna panel in the direction ^ ^, ^ where the number of antenna panels is P and the number of beams per panel is B. Let EIS ^ ^ ^, ^ denote the EIS of the best beam from the i-th antenna panel so that: EIS ^ ^^, ^ = ^ m $^i$ n % EIS ^,^ ^^, ^ . [0077] For a given EIS of directions ^ ^, ^ such that: )^( = *^^, ^ : ^ m $^i$ n , EIS ^ ^^, ^ ≤ (- . [0078] With this distribution function of the EIS for single panel reception can be expressed as: ^9 9 1 ^ [0079] 67^8 ^^, ^ = * 1 ^^, ^ ∈ )^( . [0080] For signals from different directions, let: EIS ^ ^^^ ^ , ^ ^ , ^^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ ^ [0081] denote the EIS measured for directions ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ and ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ , respectively, when equal power is transmitted from these directions. Let ) DEFGHI ^( denote the set for which both EIS ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ and EIS ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ are both less than or equal to ( so that: ^ ^ ^ , ^^ ^ , ^ ^ : EIS^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ ≤ ( a nd EIS ^ ^^^^, ^^ , ^^^ , ^^ ^ ≤ ( M . [0082] With this definition, the cumulative distribution function for simultaneous reception of signals from two directions can be expressed as: CCDF DEFGHI ^( ^9 9 ^9 9 6 7OPQRST^8 ^^^, ^^ , ^^, ^^ = , ∈ 0 ABCA . [0084] function for simultaneous can be expressed as: CCDF DEFGHI ^ ( ^9 9 ^9 9 . relative to the UE as well as the time required to take measurements over a sufficiently large number of direction pairs to accurately determine coverage, we consider whether it is possible to estimate multi-Rx spherical coverage for simultaneous reception from two directions using a single measurement probe. [0086] For simultaneous reception from two different directions, it may be initially considered a case in which there are at least two Rx chains per panel. Independently modulated signals are considered from a pair of directions ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ and ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ . To determine the EIS for each signal when these signals are received simultaneously, the interference between them is considered. If the first signal is received on the j-th beam of the i-th panel, let t denote the interference from the second signal which is given by: EIS ^,^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ − EIS ^,^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ = W . [0087] If the signal-to-noise ratio required to meet reference sensitivity is given by SNR YZ[ , and if the EIS without interference is given by ( so that: EIS ^,^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ = (, [0088] then it can be shown that the EIS with interference from the second direction is given by ( − \^W (note that \^W is negative), where: \^W = 10 log ^< ^1 − 10 ^`abcde^f ⁄ ^< ^ . [0089] Thus, for the EIS with to be equal to (, the EIS without interference must be equal to ( + \^W . It can be noted that to achieve reference sensitivity, it must be that: W > SNR YZ[ . [0090] Furthermore, the maximum achievable SNR is also equal to t, so it may be important to choose t large enough to enable the use of higher order modulations. [0091] Moreover, it follows that signals from directions ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ and ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ can be received simultaneously, each with Refsens ≤ ( (including interference between the signals), if there exist indices i, j, k, and l and threshold W > SNR YZ[ the following four conditions: 1) EIS ^,^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ≤ ( + \ ^ W for 1 ≤ ^ ≤ ^, and 1 ≤ i ≤ j 2) EIS k,l ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ≤ ( + \ ^ W for m ≠ ^ or B ≠ i where 1 ≤ m ≤ ^ and 1 ≤ B ≤ j 4) EIS k,l ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ − EIS k,l ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ≥ W [0092] It can be noted that for conditions 3) and 4) it is assumed that the powers transmitted from the directions ^^ ^ , ^ ^ and ^^ ^ , ^ ^ are equal. [0093] Let the set p ^12/r8^ ^ (, W denote the set of direction pairs ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ and ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ meeting these four conditions so that: p ^12/r8^ ^ (, W = * ^^^, ^^, ^^, ^^ such that there exist indices ^, i, m, B and threshold W > SNRYZ[ f or which conditions 1 − 4 are met - . [0094] The cumulative distribution function for simultaneous reception from two different directions can then be expressed as: CDF ^12/r8^ ^ (, W , ^ 1 ^^^, ^^ , ^^ , ^^ ∈ p^12/r8^^(, W . defined as: CCDF ^12/r8^ ^(, W = 1 − CDF ^12/r8^ ^(, W . [0097] To function of EIS with simultaneous reception, the UE must report the indices of the panel and the beam that are used for reception of the test signal. To enable the test equipment to correctly apply this definition using single probe measurements, the UE must that it has multiple Rx chains per panel. If only some panels have multiple Rx chains, then the UE must indicate which panels have multiple Rx chains and which do not. Additionally, it may be beneficial for the UE to indicate the threshold t to that the UE applies, or which the test equipment should apply, when determining the condition for simultaneous reception. [0098] In various embodiments, to compute CCDF ^12/r8^ ^ (, W , it is necessary for the measurement equipment to measure EIS ^,^ ^^, ^ for panel i and beam j over a range of ^ and ^ that is larger than the range for which this beam is the best beam. To determine the region p ^12/r8^ ^ (, W in which the threshold t is met between the two beams so that: EIS ^,^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ − EIS ^,^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ≥ W. the best beam measurement for j-th beam of the i-th panel must also be taken over the region ^^, ^ for which it is not the best beam but for which EIS ^,^ ^^, ^ is less than W + EIS F^^ where EIS F^^ is the largest EIS value of interest. For this reason, it may be beneficial for the UE to support a test mode of operation in which it reports EIS for any beam for which EIS is less than W + EIS F^^ . [0099] For a single Rx chain per panel, the definition is the same as for multiple Rx chains with the exception that the two beams cannot be received by the same panel. Independently modulated signals are considered from a pair of directions ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ and ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ . Signals from directions ^^ ^ , ^ ^ and ^^ ^ , ^ ^ can be received simultaneously, each with Refsens ≤ ( (including interference between the signals), if there exist indices i, j, k, and l and threshold W > SNR YZ[ which satisfy the following four conditions: 1) EIS ^,^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ≤ ( + \ ^ W for 1 ≤ ^ ≤ ^, and 1 ≤ i ≤ j 2a) EIS k,l ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ≤ ( + \ ^ W for m ≠ ^ where 1 ≤ m ≤ ^ and 1 ≤ B ≤ j 3) EIS ^,^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ − EIS ^,^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ≥ W 4) EIS k,l ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ − EIS k,l ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ≥ W [0100] where the only difference between condition 2) above and condition 2a) here is that m ≠ ^ since the same panel cannot be used for the second beam when each panel has only a single Rx chain. [0101] If the set p ^12/r8^ ^(, W is defined as the set of direction pairs ^^ ^ , ^ ^ and ^^ ^ , ^ ^ meeting these conditions so that: p ^12/r8^ ^(, W = ^ ^^^, ^^, ^^ , ^^ such that there exist indices ^, i, m, B and threshold W > SNRYZ[ f or which conditions 1, 2a, 3, and 4 are met ^ [0102] then the cumulative function for simultaneous reception from two different directions can be expressed as: CDF ^12/r8^ ^(, W ^9 9 ^9 9 = 1 1 6^^ 5 5 5 5 6 ^V|}/~^^^8,f ^^ ^ , ^ ^ , ^ ^ , ^ ^ sin ^ ^ sin ^ ^ ?^ ^ ?^ ^ ?^ ^ ?^ ^ = V ;< : V ;< = U ;< : U ;< [0103] where 6 ^V|}/~^^^8,f ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ , ^ ^ , ^ ^ is the indicator function given by: 6 ^V|}/~^^^8,f ^^^, ^^, ^^ , ^^ = ^ 1 ^^^, ^^, ^^ , ^^ ∈ p^12/r8^^(, W . 0 ABCA as: = − . [0105] To function of EIS with simultaneous reception, must report the beam that are used for reception of the test signal. In addition, to enable the test equipment to correctly apply this definition, the UE must indicate that it has only a single Rx chain per panel. If some panels have multiple Rx chains, then the UE must indicate which panels have multiple Rx chains and which do not. [0106] If the antenna panels have non-overlapping coverage so that a signal from direction ^^, ^ can only be received on at most one panel, then the cumulative distribution function of the EIS when receiving from two directions simultaneously can be determined from the cumulative distribution function of the EIS for each panel when receiving from a single direction. [0107] For a device with two antenna panels with non-overlapping coverage, let CDF ^,^12/r8^ ^ ( and CDF ^,^12/r8^ ^ ( denote the cumulative distribution function of the EIS for In this case, the cumulative distribution function of the EIS when receiving from two directions simultaneously is given by: p^^ ^12/r8^ ^(, W = p^^ ^12/r8^ ^( = 2 ∗ p^^ ^,^12/r8^ ^( ∗ p^^ ^,^12/r8^ ^( . [0108] For the case of a single Rx chain per panel, it is generally not possible for the UE to receive from two TRP’s which are closely adjacent in angle with respect to the UE. For this reason, it seems reasonable to consider the complementary cumulative distribution of the multi- panel multi-TRP coverage conditioned on a minimum angular separation of the two TRP’s. [0109] For two TRP’s in directions ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ and ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ , rays originating from the UE in in the direction of these two TRP’s intersect the unit sphere with coordinates: ^^ ^ , ^ ^ , ^ ^ = ^sin ^ ^ cos ^ ^ , sin ^ ^ sin ^ ^ , cos ^ ^ ^^ ^ , ^ ^ , ^ ^ = ^sin ^ ^ cos ^ ^ , sin ^ ^ sin ^ ^ , cos ^ ^ [0110] The angle ^ between these can be computed as the inverse cosine of the inner product, so that: ^ = cos ^^^ sin ^ ^ cos ^ ^ sin ^ ^ cos ^ ^ + sin ^ ^ sin ^ ^ sin ^ ^ sin ^ ^ + cos ^ ^ cos ^ ^ = cos ^^^ sin ^ ^ sin ^ ^ cos ^ ^ ^ − ^ ^ + cos ^ ^ cos ^ ^ [0111] As Figure 7, ^ denote the exclusion zone of angle ^ around the direction ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ . The area zone on the unit sphere (measured in steradians) is given by: 2^ ^ 1 − cos ^ , [0112] for which the corresponding fraction of the sphere which is excluded is given by: 2^^1 − cos ^ 1 − cos ^ 4 ^ = 2 . [0113] Let ^ ^ ^^, ^ ^, ^ ^ denote the complement of the exclusion zone, and note that the fraction of the sphere which is not excluded is given by: 4^ − 2^ ^ 1 − cos ^ 1 + cos ^ 4 ^ = 2 [0114] In the case of from directions ^^ ^ , ^ ^ and ^^ ^ , ^ ^ can be received simultaneously, each with Refsens ≤ ( (including interference between the signals), if there exist indices i, j, k, and l and threshold W > SNR YZ[ such that conditions 1, 2a, 3, and 4 are met. As before, the set is defined as: p ^12/r8^ ^(, W = ^ ^^^ , ^^ , ^^, ^^ such that i, m, B and threshold W > SNRYZ[ f or which a nd 4 are met ^. [0115] With the above definitions, the conditional cumulative distribution function of simultaneous reception from two different directions can be expressed as: CDF ^12/r8^ ^ (, W, ^ defined as: CCDF ^12/r8^ ^(, W, ^ = 1 − CDF ^12/r8^ ^(, W, ^ [0117] It can be noted that this complementary cumulative distribution function is a function of both the size of the exclusion zone (determined by ^) and the threshold t. As the angle ^ is increased, the size of the exclusion zone is increased. In some cases, it may be beneficial for the UE to signal a minimum angular separation ^ FE^ which indicates the minimum angular separation between TRP’s for which simultaneous reception by the UE is possible. [0118] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of a system 700 corresponding to embodiments described herein. Figure 7 illustrates a region ^^^, ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ from which the second TRP is excluded when determining conditional spherical coverage for a minimum separation angle ^. The system 700 includes a UE showing a sphere 702 reception area around the UE. Moreover, the system includes a TRP 1 ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ 704 and a TRP 2 ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ 706. A portion 708 of the sphere 702 is an exclusion zone, and a distance 710 where Ω ≥ ^ is between the TRP 1704 and the TRP 2706. Moreover, ^^^, ^^, ^ ^ denotes the exclusion zone of angle ^ around the direction ^ ^, ^ . The area of this exclusion zone on the unit sphere (measured in steradians) is given by: 2^ ^ 1 − cos ^ , [0119] for which the corresponding fraction of the sphere 702 that is excluded is given by: 2^^1 − cos ^ 1 − cos ^ 4 ^ = 2 . [0120] Let ^ ^ ^^, ^ ^, ^ ^ denote the complement of the exclusion zone, and note that the fraction of the sphere 702 which is not excluded is given by: 4^ − 2^^1 − cos ^ 1 + cos ^ = [0121] In certain an coverage requirement may be defined when receiving from multiple directions simultaneously. Given the extreme difficulty of measuring the cumulative distribution of the EIS when receiving from multiple directions simultaneously, there may be methods for estimating the cumulative distribution function based on measurements taken using a single probe. Based on embodiments found herein, the following may be used: [0122] 1) use single probe measurements to estimate spherical coverage for multi-Rx reception from multiple directions simultaneously using single probe measurements; [0123] 2) To enable the test estimate the distribution function of the EIS with simultaneous reception from single probe measurements, the UE must report the indices of the panel and the beam that are used for reception of the test signal [0124] 3) the UE may indicate the threshold t which is used by the UE, or which should be used by the test equipment when estimating coverage, when determining whether or not simultaneous reception is used by the UE [0125] 4) the UE may support a test mode of operation in which it reports EIS for any beam for which EIS is less than W + EIS F^^ . [0126] 5) verify simultaneous reception using multiple probes for a set of points within the estimated coverage region; [0127] 6) adopt the definition for the cumulative distribution function of the EIS when receiving from multiple directions simultaneously given by: CCDF DEFGHI ^( = 1 − ^ ^9 9 ^9 9 ^ ^9U ^ =V;< ^ :V;< ^ =U;< ^ :U;< 6 7OPQRST^8 ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ , ^ ^ , ^ ^ sin ^ ^ sin ^ ^ ?^ ^ ?^ ^ ?^ ^ ?^ ^ ; to receive from multiple directions simultaneously; and [0129] 8) in the case of a single RX chain per panel, define the cumulative distribution function for receiving from two directions simultaneously conditioned on a minimum angular separation of the two directions. [0130] 9) in the case of a single Rx chain per panel, it may be beneficial for the UE to signal a minimum angular separation ^ FE^ which indicates the minimum angular separation between TRP’s for which simultaneous reception by the UE is possible. [0131] Figure 8 is a flow chart diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method 800 for determining an EIS for multiple TRPs. In some embodiments, the method 800 is performed by an apparatus, such as the remote unit 102. In certain embodiments, the method 800 may be performed by a processor executing program code, for example, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, a CPU, a GPU, an auxiliary processing unit, a FPGA, or the like. [0132] In various embodiments, the method 800 includes receiving 802, at a device, communications from a set of TRPs concurrently at a first panel and a second panel. The set of TRPs includes a first TRP and a second TRP. In some embodiments, the method 800 includes identifying 804 a requirement for a minimum angular separation between the first TRP and the second TRP. In certain embodiments, the method 800 includes determining 806 a complementary cumulative distribution function for EIS on the requirement for the minimum angular separation between the first TRP and the second TRP. [0133] In certain embodiments, the complementary cumulative distribution function is a conditional complementary cumulative distribution function. In some embodiments, the conditional complementary cumulative distribution function is used to set an EIS requirement, and the EIS requirement is less than a threshold value. In various embodiments, the conditional complementary cumulative distribution function comprises a maximum interference requirement for the set of TRPs. [0134] In one embodiment, the complementary cumulative distribution function is based on an exclusion zone. In certain embodiments, the exclusion zone is determined by an exclusion angle. In some embodiments, a size of the exclusion zone increases as the exclusion angle increases. [0135] In various embodiments, the exclusion zone indicates a set of directions for which an angle between any direction in the set of directions and a direction of a first TRP is less than an exclusion angle and from which the second TRP is excluded. In one embodiment, the EIS is expressed in dB. In certain embodiments, the EIS is determined for a best beam of the first panel and for a best beam of the second panel. [0136] In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises: a receiver to receive communications from a set of TRPs concurrently at a first panel and a second panel, wherein the set of TRPs comprises a first TRP and a second TRP; and a processor to: identify a requirement for a minimum angular separation between the first TRP and the second TRP; and determine a complementary cumulative distribution function for EIS based on the requirement for the minimum angular separation between the first TRP and the second TRP. [0137] In certain embodiments, the complementary cumulative distribution function is a conditional complementary cumulative distribution function. [0138] In some embodiments, the conditional complementary cumulative distribution function is used to set an EIS requirement, and the EIS requirement is less than a threshold value. [0139] In various embodiments, the conditional complementary cumulative distribution function comprises a maximum interference requirement for the set of TRPs. [0140] In one embodiment, the complementary cumulative distribution function is based on an exclusion zone. [0141] In certain embodiments, the exclusion zone is determined by an exclusion angle. [0142] In some embodiments, a size of the exclusion zone increases as the exclusion angle increases. [0143] In various embodiments, the zone indicates a set of directions for which an angle between any direction in the set of directions and a direction of a first TRP is less than an exclusion angle and from which the second TRP is excluded. [0144] In one embodiment, the EIS is expressed in dB. [0145] In certain embodiments, the EIS is determined for a best beam of the first panel and for a best beam of the second panel. [0146] In one embodiment, a method at a device, the method comprises: receiving communications from a set of TRPs concurrently at a first panel and a second panel, wherein the set of TRPs comprises a first TRP and a second TRP; identifying a requirement for a minimum angular separation between the first TRP and the second TRP; and determining a complementary cumulative distribution function for EIS based on the requirement for the minimum angular separation between the first TRP and the second TRP. [0147] In certain embodiments, the complementary cumulative distribution function is a conditional complementary cumulative distribution function. [0148] In some embodiments, the conditional complementary cumulative distribution function is used to set an EIS requirement, and the EIS requirement is less than a threshold value. [0149] In various embodiments, the conditional complementary cumulative distribution function comprises a maximum interference requirement for the set of TRPs. [0150] In one embodiment, the complementary cumulative distribution function is based on an exclusion zone. [0151] In certain embodiments, the exclusion zone is determined by an exclusion angle. [0152] In some embodiments, a size of the exclusion zone increases as the exclusion angle increases. [0153] In various embodiments, the exclusion zone indicates a set of directions for which an angle between any direction in the set of directions and a direction of a first TRP is less than an exclusion angle and from which the second TRP is excluded. [0154] In one embodiment, the EIS is expressed in dB. [0155] In certain embodiments, the EIS is determined for a best beam of the first panel and for a best beam of the second panel. [0156] Embodiments may be practiced in other specific forms. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.