| US4932263A | 1990-06-12 | |||
| EP0798650A2 | 1997-10-01 | |||
| US4235113A | 1980-11-25 | |||
| US5437186A | 1995-08-01 | |||
| US5995260A | 1999-11-30 |
| 1. | A device for detecting pressure fluctuations, the device comprising a substrate or partial substrate of an optically transparent, deformable material with sides transverse to a first surface, at least one of which has an entrance face for light, while light from a light source can be coupled in on said side, and an exit portion for light in a plane transverse to the first surface, and a photosensitive element. |
| 2. | A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light source is situated within or along a further part of the substrate or the partial substrate. |
| 3. | A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photosensitive element is situated within or along a further part of the substrate or the partial substrate. |
| 4. | A device as claimed in claim 1, comprising an optical waveguide having a plurality of end faces, at least one of which is the entrance face for light, while light from the light source can be coupled in on said end face of the optical waveguide. |
| 5. | A device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the photosensitive element is situated at the area of a further end face opposite the end face of the optical waveguide. |
| 6. | A device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the optical waveguide has a thickness of at most 1 mm. |
| 7. | A device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the optical waveguide has a thickness of at most 0.2 mm 8. |
| 8. | A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photosensitive element comprises a semiconductor element. |
| 9. | A display device comprising an illumination element having at least one pixel and a further optical waveguide for illuminating the pixel, and a device for detecting pressure fluctuations as claimed in claim 1. |
| 10. | A display device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the optical waveguide and the further waveguide belong to one substrate. |
| 11. | A recording device for recording pressure fluctuations, having at least a memory function and comprising a device as claimed in claim 1. |
| 12. | A sound reproduction system comprising at least an amplifier, a loudspeaker and a device as claimed in claim 1. |
It is an object of the invention to solve this problem by means of a method in which integration of said components, or at least parts thereof, is realized as much as possible and, to this end, provides a device for detecting pressure fluctuations, the device comprising an optical waveguide of an optically transparent, deformable material, and a light source along a part of the edge of the optical waveguide, and a photosensitive element. More generally, the optical waveguide comprises a substrate or partial substrate of an optically transparent, deformable material with sides transverse to a first surface, at least one of which has an entrance face for light, while light from a light source can be coupled in on said side, and an exit portion for light in a plane transverse to the first surface.
The invention is based on the recognition that the elastic material is deformed due to pressure fluctuations (for example, sound waves). The deformation is dependent on the pressure fluctuations (sound waves) and, with this deformation, the extent to which the light is coupled out of the optical waveguide also changes. The variation of exiting light is detected by means of the photosensitive element, for example, a photodiode. This photosensitive element (and also the light source) is located, for example, along a further part of the edge of the optical waveguide or within or along a further part of the substrate or partial substrate.
The optical waveguide preferably has a plurality of end faces, at least one of which is an entrance face for light, while light from the light source can be coupled in on this end face of the optical waveguide. The photosensitive element is then advantageously located at the area of a further end face opposite said end face.
Said optical waveguide may form part of a larger assembly, for example, a substrate which is also provided with further operating elements for the relevant apparatus (for example, a mobile telephone). For example, a second optical waveguide functioning as a waveguide for an illumination source (backlight or front light) of, for example, a liquid crystal display device may be arranged at other locations on the substrate.
For optimum functioning as a microphone, the optical waveguide has a thickness of preferably less than 1 mm.
The microphone may of course also be integrated in other apparatus.
These and other aspects of the invention are apparent from and will be elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.
In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a plan view of a mobile phone comprising a microphone according to the invention, Fig. 2 is a cross-section taken on the line II-II in Fig. 1, while Fig. 3 is a plan view of a part of a substrate in which the microphone has been realized, and Fig. 4 shows an enlarged part of Fig. 3, while Fig. 5 shows the deflection of a membrane as a function of its length and the sound pressure.
The drawings are diagrammatic and not drawn to scale. Corresponding components are generally denoted by the same reference numerals.
Fig. 1 shows a device 1 according to the invention, in this case a mobile phone comprising the customary keys 2, a display 3 and a microphone 4 in a housing 5. In this example, the display is a liquid crystal display device with a layer of liquid crystal material (not shown) between two substrates 6,7 (see Fig. 2). The display 3 may be of the active (AMLCD) or the passive type.
The display 3 is fixed in this example on a transparent support (substrate) 8 having recesses 9 at the area of the keys 2. If desired, means for detecting pressure on the keys are present at the area of the recesses 9.
The substrate 8 (the support) is made of, for example, a synthetic material and has an aperture 10 in which a microphone has been realized. To this end, the aperture 10 (see Figs. 3,4) accommodates a first optical waveguide 11,16,18 of an optically transparent material having a first surface 12 and an entrance portion for light 13 along a first part of an edge of the optical waveguide in a plane transverse to the first surface. Although light does not immediately need to be generated near this entrance portion 13, this plane (and more generally a plane perpendicular to a main surface through which light enters a part of the optical waveguide) is considered to be the entrance portion in the further description. In this example, the light is generated by a LED 14 in a further recess 15 in the substrate 8. The light may also be generated at other areas and then be guided towards the entrance portion (face) 13 by means of mirrors or other optical elements. In the relevant example, the portion 11 of the optical waveguide has a smaller thickness than a tapered in-coupling part 13 and a tapered out-coupling part 18. The part 11 functions as a membrane for the microphone.
Light from the LED 14 is coupled into the optical waveguide 11 at the area of the face 13 and coupled into the membrane 11 with a thickness h and a length L via the tapered part 16. After passage through the membrane 11, the light is coupled out at the area of the face 19 via the tapered out-coupling part 18. To detect the exiting light, an aperture 21 accommodates a photodiode 20 or another photosensitive element in the present invention.
For a satisfactory operation, the thickness h is as small as possible because the excursion is then greater so that the light variations in the membrane 11 are maximal. When used in a mold, it will be about 0.8 mm, but thicknesses of up to 0.2 mm are certainly possible.
When, due to pressure fluctuations (for example, sound waves), the membrane 11 of elastic material is deformed, the extent to which the light within the optical waveguide is reflected also changes with this deformation. The variation of exiting light is detected by means of the photosensitive element, in this example the photodiode 25.
Since the optical waveguides 11,16,18 are formed as one assembly, a simpler construction is provided which, moreover, can be obtained in a very efficient manner, for example, by means of molding. Since the membrane has an open structure, it will deform to only a small extent when the sound comes from two opposite directions, and the microphone is less sensitive to ambient sound than existing microphone structures.
The variation of exiting light is detected by means of the photosensitive element, in this example the photodiode 25. The light may also be detected at other locations after it has been guided from the face 19 to a suitable location by means of mirrors or other optical elements. If the display device is formed with amorphous (or polycrystalline) TFT
transistors in a matrix configuration, the matrix can be extended by extra TFT transistors which are specially arranged for detection and, if necessary, optimized for this purpose. This notably applies when the substrate 6 is omitted and the substrate 8 is also used as an LCD substrate.
For detection of the variation generated by variation of exiting light in the photocurrent of the photodiode, there are various possibilities such as amplification by means of a suitable amplifier. The LED 14 may emit light pulse-wise at a frequency which strongly deviates from the frequency of the (sound) waves to be recorded so that detection is possible through frequency separation.
Fig. 6 shows the extent of deflection of a membrane as a function of its length and the sound pressure at a membrane thickness of 0.8 mm. The indicated values for the sound pressure (0.00002 Pa, 0.0002 pA,..., 0.2 pA, 2 pA) correspond to silence, whispering, normal conversation, street noise, a symphony orchestra and aircraft noise, respectively.
The invention is of course not limited to the examples described hereinbefore.
For example, light sources other than LEDs may be used. Instead of a liquid crystal display device, other display devices may be used alternatively such as those that are based on electrophoresis, electroluminescence, P (O) LEDs and, for example, mechanical mirrors.
Moreover, the device for detecting pressure fluctuations (microphone) is also applicable in completely different fields, for example, in dictation apparatus or other recording apparatus in which such a recording device has, for example, a memory function (for example, as tape recording apparatus, semiconductor memories or a recording function for writable ROMs).
More generally, the microphone is applicable in a sound reproduction system comprising at least an amplifier and a loudspeaker.
The protective scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments described hereinbefore.
The invention resides in each and every novel characteristic feature and each and every combination of characteristic features. Reference numerals in the claims do not limit their protective scope. Use of the verb"comprise"and its conjugations does not exclude the presence of elements other than those stated in the claims. Use of the article"a"or"an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.