The invention relates to the heat power engineering field, namely, to the devices of treatment and incineration of waste, including municipal solid waste (MSW) by the method of pyrolysis and incineration with afterburning of wastes and unburnt combustibles and can be used at garbage recycling plants for obtaining a heat carrier which can be used for heat energy production by the objects of the heat power engineering, for example, for water heating, air heating, steam production, etc.

As is well-known, municipal solid waste (MSW) composes the main part of all the consumption residue. Annually the amount of municipal solid waste increases by 3% worldwide. 100 million tones of municipal solid waste are released per year in the CIS countries. That is why presently the problem of MSW treatment becomes very important.

The MSW treatment by incineration and burial of the remaining ashes on the landfills is the most widespread. As a result of incineration the variety of poisons is created which must be also utilized. At that, the large amount of heat is generated at MSW incineration which could be used purposefully, for example, as a heat carrier for water heating, etc.

Besides, more attention should be given to emission reduction at the waste treatment and to decreasing of environment pollution.

With this aim the various devices for incineration of waste are developed which solve certain problems. The device for incineration of waste (composite fuel of hard materials and condensed substances) is known [ 1 ], comprising the casing with the recuperative heat exchanger, charging hopper, combustion chamber which is formed in the free space of the casing and formed by the outer wall from the set of the rings disposed with partial overlapping and splits for air supply and combustion pressure venting and with the diameters decrescent till the top. The inner wall is formed by the set of disc plates having different diameter mounted with the split between each other and having the peripheral annulus in the base.

The device provides incineration of the lump composite fuel.

However, this device does not have high efficiency and heat power from incineration as in the process of incineration sticking of the fuel takes place on the intrachamber structural members of the combustion chamber that leads to the fuel combustion process upset that is conditioned by the construction complexity and the presence of the large amount of the intrachamber structural members.

The device for incineration of all kinds of solid fuel, domestic and industrial waste [2] by gas-generating combustion is known, comprising loading chamber having cylindrical form and heat-resistant cone-shaped bottom between which the circumferential channel for primary fuel oxidation is formed, furnace grates which are disposed between the fuel and the bottom, and the central vertically directed downwards channel-chamber with the batching channel. The ashy chamber is disposed under the loading chamber into which the ash is transferred along the angled walls of the cone- shaped bottom of the backstone and the channel of combustion pressure venting.

This device does not provide the completeness of waste incineration due to insufficient degree of mixing of the pyrolysis gas with the oxidant that is conditioned by the design features and the loading chamber form. In this device only outer layers of the gas flow coming into the afterburn chamber mix actively with the oxidant and which are closer to the casing of the device and to the air blast channels.

Besides, this device does not provide high processibillity as it does not allow to additionally load it with wastes safely without the reactor shutdown as well as to clean it from ash residuals.

The nearest analogue to the applied technical solution is the device for incineration of municipal solid waste [3] comprising the loading chamber with the opening for waste feeding installed in the upper part of the reactor, perforated heat-resistant backstone executed in the form of flattened cone directed downward with its smaller base and included in the housing, at that the end-to-end channel for transferring the gasifying agent to the reactor is executed in the wall of the housing, as well as the furnace bar executed cone-shaped and installed in the lower part of the backstone with the possibility of vertical movement, ashy chamber disposed behind the reactor under the furnace bar, afterburn chamber executed in the view of self-contained unit and disposed between the ashy chamber and combustion pressure venting channel. This device provides uniform transfer of the gasifying agent to the fuel mass, removal of the ash into the ashy chamber, and the gaseous products of bake, pyrolysis and combustion into the combustion chamber where their active mixing with air takes place.

The disadvantages of this device are insufficient productivity and completeness of waste combustion, that is conditioned in that the device construction does not provide uniform thermal treatment of the waste that decreases completeness of combustion of the fuel mass.

Besides, this device does not provide high processibility of the waste combustion that is conditioned in that in the process of the device performance it is not possible to do safely additional loading of the fuel and cleaning of the ashy chamber without the power loss and without the device shutdown.

Besides, this device does not provide the quality of the final product as the gases at the outlet of the device have high emission of the harmful agents and additional devices are required for their advanced treatment.

The objective of the invention is creation of such the device for waste incineration in which improvement of productivity and providing the quality of the final products is achieved by construction improvement at increasing of processibility of combustion and decreasing of power consumption. The indicated objective is achieved by that in the known device for incineration of waste consisting of the reactor comprising the loading chamber with the opening for waste feeding disposed in the upper part of the reactor, perforated heat-resistant backstone executed in the view of flattened cone directed downward with its smaller base and included into the housing, at that the end-to-end channel for transferring the gasifying agent to the reactor is executed in the wall of the housing, as well as the furnace bar executed cone-shaped and installed in the lower part of the backstone with the possibility of vertical movement, ashy chamber disposed behind the reactor under the furnace bar, afterburn chamber executed in the view of self-contained unit and disposed between the ashy chamber and combustion pressure venting channel, according to the invention the opening for feeding the wastes of the loading chamber is executed in the view of the transfer chamber and in the housing wall at least two channels for transferring of the gasifying agent are executed, at that on the indicated channels adjustable registers of distribution of the gasifying agent are disposed and the channels for supplying and removal of the cooling agent are executed in the furnace bar, at that the inner cavity of the indicated channels of the furnace bar does not have intercommunication with the channels of supplying of the gasifying agent and the reactor, in the afterburn chamber the ba fles with the recesses are executed forming aerodynamic channel, and at least one worm for the ash removal is disposed in the ashy chamber.

It is desirable when two channels are executed in the housing wall which are disposed symmetrically in relation to the vertical axis of the furnace bar.

It is preferable when three channels are executed in the housing wall which are disposed at an angle of 120° in relation to the vertical axis of the furnace bar.

Besides, the walls of the loading chamber are executed hollow and filled with the cooling agent.

It is desirable when the tilt angle of the lateral face of the furnace bar to its base is 50-60°.

Besides, the baffles in the afterburn chamber are installed vertically. Due to that the opening for the waste feeding of the loading chamber is executed in the view of the transfer chamber additional loading of the waste is provided at continuity of the device operation process and stability of the temperature factors is provided in the reactor at the maintenance of its power level.

Execution in the housing wall of at least two channels for transferring of the gasifying agent in which the adjustable registers of gasifying agent distribution are disposed provides the possibility of adjusting of the device power level and distribution of the air flows of the gasifying agent that influences the productivity of the device operation and completeness of the waste combustion.

At that, depending on the waste morphology two channels which are executed symmetrically in relation to the furnace bar vertical axis or three channels which are executed at an angle of 120° in relation to the vertical axis of the furnace bar are installed that increases the completeness of the fuel combustion.

Due to that in the furnace bar the channels for supplying and removal of the cooling agent are executed and at that the inner cavities of the indicated channels do not have intercommunication with the channels of supplying of the gasifying agent and the reactor the cooling of the furnace bar is provided that prevents its damage caused by the influence of the high temperatures and increases its endurance. As a result of it processibility of the device operation improves as continuity of its operation is provided and the shutdown for the damaged furnace bar change is not required. Due to execution of the vertical baffles with recesses forming an aerodynamic channel in the afterburn chamber destruction of the residual persistent organic pollutants contained in the gases is provided due to which the gases have such the quality at the outlet that any additional devices for their advanced treatment are not required. Experimental evidences showed the high quality of the final product.

Execution of at least one worm for the ash removal in the ashy chamber allows to clean the chamber from ash residuals without appliance of the hand work and provides safe continuous process of the device operation that increases processibility. Execution of the loading chamber walls hollow and filled with the cooling agent also improves the productivity of the device operation that is conditioned in that the gasification products with the higher temperature rise up where they get cool due to the heat carrying off by the heat carrier in the hollow walls and while returning downward they act as pyrolysis gases which while going again through the combustion zone participate in the gasification process being enriched with the pyrolysis products and burn down in the afterburn chamber that increases the completeness of the waste combustion.

The tilt angle of the lateral face of the furnace bar to its base of 50-60° is the angle of the natural grade for the ash descent and is chosen by means of experiments. As the experiments show this range provides the optimal conditions for the descent of the burnt mass into the ashy chamber and provides the optimal behavior of the combustion process that increases the productivity of the device operation. The invention essence is described by the drawings where:

- Fig. 1 shows the general view of the device for incineration of waste;

- Fig. 2 shows the longitudinal section of the device for incineration of waste;

- Fig. 3 shows the top view of the backstone housing with two end-to-end channels for transferring of the gasifying agent;

- Fig. 4 shows the top view of the backstone housing with three end-to-end channels for transferring of the gasifying agent;

- Fig. 5 shows the longitudinal section of the furnace bar with the rod.

The device for incineration of waste consists of the reactor which contains the loading chamber 1 with the opening for the waste feeding disposed in the upper part of the reactor and executed in the view of the transfer chamber 2 provided with the upper 3 and lower 4 covers. At that, the walls of the loading chamber 1 can be executed hollow and filled with the cooling agent. Heat resistant perforated backstone 5 is disposed in the lower part of the reactor and is executed in the form of flattened cone directed downward with its smaller base and included into the housing 6. At least two end-to-end channels 7 for transferring the gasifying agent to the reactor are executed in the housing 6 as well as the burners 8 are disposed there. At that, in the wall of the housing 6 two channels can be executed which are disposed symmetrically in relation to the vertical axis of the furnace bar 10 or, for example, three channels which are disposed at an angle of 120° in relation to the vertical axis of the furnace bar 10 depending on the waste morphology.

At that, the adjustable registers 9 of gasifying agent distribution are disposed on the channels 7. The furnace bar 10 is disposed in the smaller base of the backstone 5 and executed cone-shaped, at that it has the 50-60° tilt angle of the lateral face of the furnace bar 10 to its base. The furnace bar 10 is installed on the rod 11 in the lower part of the backstone 5 with the possibility of the vertical movement with the help of the lifting mechanism 12. In the furnace bar 10 the supplying 13 and removing 14 channels for transferring the cooking agent are executed, at that the inner cavity of the indicated channels of the furnace bar does not have intercommunication with the channels 7 of transferring of the gasifying agent and the reactor. The ashy chamber 15 has at least one worm 16 for the ash removal and is disposed behind the reactor under the furnace bar 10. The afterburn chamber 17 executed in the view of the self-contained unit is disposed between the ashy chamber 15 and the combustion pressure venting channel 18. In the afterburn chamber 17 the baffles with the recesses 19 are executed forming aerodynamic channel.

The device operates the following way.

Incombustible components (glass, stone, metal) are preliminary removed from the wastes and then they are mixed for homogenization of their content and briquetted. For the initial loading of the wastes into the loading chamber 1 the covers 3 and 4 of the transfer chamber 2 are opened with the help of the electric driver (not shown) and the wastes are loaded into the loading chamber 1 through the transfer chamber 2. Then the covers 3 and 4 of the transfer chamber 2 are closed. The demountable burners 8 for the reactor ignition are installed and switched on and the exhauster fan (not shown) is switched on for creation of rarefaction in the area of the heat resistant backstone 5. The diesel oil or mazout is used for ignition of the burners 8. The wastes are parched till the temperature of exit gases (700-800°), after that the burners 8 are switched off and removed. Then the boost of the gasifying agent is turned on which comes to the perforated heat resistant backstone 5 through the end-to-end channels 7 executed in the wall of the housing 6. The optimization of the combustion process which is estimated according to the maximum temperature is effected by means of turning on or off of the adjustable registers 9 disposed on the end-to-end channels 7. At the execution of the walls of the loading chamber 1 hollow and filled with the cooling agent the gasification products with the higher temperature rise up where they get cool due to the heat carrying off by the heat carrier in the hollow walls of the loading chamber 1, and then the gases return downward and they act as pyro lysis gases which while going again through the combustion zone participate in the gasification process being enriched with the pyrolysis products and burn down in the afterburn chamber 17 that increases the completeness of the waste combustion.

The combustion products are removed from the reactor into the ashy chamber 15 through the annulus between the perforated heat resistant backstone 5 and the furnace bar 10. The size of this annulus is adjusted by means of the vertical movement of the rod (bearer) 11 with the help of the lifting mechanism 12. The movement of the furnace bar 10 vertically changes the passage area for the combustion gases and adjusts the slag disposal mode and influences the uniformity of the air supply and formation of the combustion source. At that in the process of the device operation the furnace bar 10 is cooled by means of supplying of the cooling agent through the supplying channel 13 and the removing channel 14 the inner cavity of which does not have intercommunication with the channels of supplying of the gasifying agent 7 and the reactor that prevents the damage of the furnace bar 10 caused by the influence of the high temperatures in the reactor.

The removal of the ash residuals from the ashy chamber 15 is effected with the help of one or more worms 16 that allows to clean the ashy chamber 15 without the appliance of the hand work and without shutdown of the device operation process. Ash free combustion products enter into the afterburn chamber 17 in which the baffles with recesses 19 are executed forming the aerodynamic channel while passing along which 2-second retention of gases in the sufficient amount of oxygen takes place as a result of which destruction of the residual persistent organic pollutants contained in the gases is provided due to which the gases have such the quality at the outlet that any additional devices for their advanced treatment are not required. Then the combustion products are removed through the combustion pressure venting channel 18. The correspondence of the exhauster productivity and the amount of the supplied gasifying agent is estimated according to the factors of rarefaction in the zones throughout the height of the reactor. If needed the speed of rotation of the exhauster fan is increased. In the process of the device operation the additional loading of the reactor is effected according to the waste combustion that is fixed by the strain indicators (not shown). For that the additional loading of the wastes is effected through the transfer chamber 2 without the shutdown of the reactor operation and of the combustion process. For that the cover 3 of the transfer chamber 2 is opened and the additional loading of the wastes is effected into the transfer chamber.

Then the cover 3 is closed hermetically and the cover 4 is opened and then the wastes enter into the loading chamber 1 of the reactor and after that the cover 4 is closed. At that the stability of the temperature factors in the reactor is provided and its power loss does not take place and the safe continuous process of the device operation is provided that increases processibility.

The obtained combustion product does not contain harmful contaminants and can be further used as a heat carrier which can be used for the heat energy generation by the objects of the heat power engineering, for example, for water heating, air heating, maturing of wood, etc.

This device has been tested at the pilot plant PU-250/350 at the pilot production of NEXUS-2F Scientific Production LLC.

The comparative indices of the concentration of the main contaminants in the exit gases are shown in the Table 1. Table 1

in the steady state mode CO and NO tend to 0. As it can be seen from the Table 1, the content of the main contaminants is utmost minimized in the obtained combustion product (exit gases) that shows high processibillity and ecological compatibility of the proposed device and the very low level of content of harmful substances. Example 1.

Incombustible components (glass, stone, metal) are preliminary removed from the wastes and then they are mixed for homogenization of their content and briquetted. For the initial loading of the wastes into the loading chamber 1 the covers 3 and 4 of the transfer chamber 2 are opened with the help of the electric driver (not shown) and the wastes are loaded into the loading chamber 1 through the transfer chamber 2 in the amount of 2/3 of the reactor volume. Then the covers 3 and 4 of the transfer chamber 2 are closed. The demountable burners 8 for the reactor ignition are installed and switched on and the exhauster fan (not shown) is switched on for creation of rarefaction in the area of the heat resistant backstone 5. The diesel oil or mazout is used for ignition of the burners. Reactor ignition lasts for 20-30 minutes. The wastes are parched till the temperature of exit gases (700-800°), after that the burners 8 are switched off and removed. Then the boost of the gasifying agent is turned on which comes to the perforated heat resistant backstone 5 through two end-to-end channels 7 executed in the wall of the housing 6. At that the end-to-end channels 7 are disposed symmetrically in relation to the vertical axis of the furnace bar 10. The optimization of the combustion process which is estimated according to the maximum temperature is effected by means of turning on or off of the adjustable registers (not shown) disposed in the end-to-end channels 7. The combustion products are removed from the reactor into the ashy chamber 15 through the annulus between the perforated heat resistant backstone 5 and the furnace bar 10, the tilt angle of the lateral face of which to its base is 50° that provides the natural grade for the ash descent. The size of the annulus between the furnace bar 10 and the perforated heat resistant backstone 5 is adjusted by means of the vertical movement of the rod (bearer) 1 1 with the help of the lifting mechanism 12. The movement of the furnace bar 10 vertically changes the passage area for the combustion gases and adjusts the slag disposal mode and influences the uniformity of the air supply and formation of the combustion source. At that in the process of the device operation the furnace bar 10 is cooled by means of supplying of the cooling agent through the supplying channel 13 and the removing channel 14 the inner cavity of which does not have intercommunication with the channels of supplying of the gasifying agent 7 and the reactor that prevents the damage of the furnace bar 10 caused by the influence of the high temperatures in the reactor.

The removal of the ash residuals from the ashy chamber 15 is effected with the help of the worm 16 that allows to clean the ashy chamber 15 without the appliance of the hand work and without shutdown of the device operation process.

Ash free combustion products enter into the afterburn chamber 17 in which the baffles with recesses 19 are executed forming the aerodynamic channel while passing along which 2-second retention of gases in the sufficient amount of oxygen takes place as a result of which destruction of the residual persistent organic pollutants contained in the gases is provided due to which the gases have such the quality at the outlet that any additional devices for their advanced treatment are not required. Then the combustion products (combustion gases) are removed through the combustion pressure venting channels 18 and supplied to the object of the heat power engineering where the heat abstraction takes place and enters into the gas outlet tube (not shown) through the Hue assembly (not shown).

In the process of the device operation the additional loading of the reactor is effected according to the waste combustion that is fixed by the strain indicators (not shown). For that the additional loading of the wastes is effected through the transfer chamber 2 without the shutdown of the reactor operation and of the combustion process. For that the cover 3 of the transfer chamber 2 is opened and the additional loading of the wastes is effected into the transfer chamber. Then the cover 3 is closed hermetically and the cover 4 is opened and then the wastes enter into the loading chamber 1 of the reactor and after that the cover 4 is closed. At that the stability of the temperature factors in the reactor is provided and its power loss does not take place and the safe continuous process of the device operation is provided that increases processibility.

The obtained combustion gases contain harmful contaminants in the permissible limits and can be further used as a heat carrier which can be used for the heat energy generation by the objects of the heat power engineering, for example, for water heating, air heating, steam generation, and then are removed into the chimney flue (combustion pressure venting channel).

Example 2.

Incombustible components (glass, stone, metal) are preliminary removed from the wastes and then they are mixed for homogenization of their content and briquetted. For the initial loading of the wastes into the loading chamber 1 the covers 3 and 4 of the transfer chamber 2 are opened with the help of the electric driver (not shown) and the wastes are loaded into the loading chamber 1 through the transfer chamber 2 in the amount of 2/3 of the reactor volume. Then the covers 3 and 4 of the transfer chamber 2 are closed. The demountable burners 8 for reactor ignition are installed and switched on and the exhauster fan (not shown) is switched on for creation of rarefaction in the area of the heat resistant backstone 5. The diesel oil or mazout is used for ignition of the burners. Reactor ignition lasts for 20-30 min. The wastes are parched till the temperature of exit gases (700-800°), after that the burners 8 are switched off and removed.

Then the boost of the gasifying agent is turned on which comes to the perforated heat resistant backstone 5 through three end-to-end channels 7 executed in the wall of the housing 6. At that the end-to-end channels 7 are disposed at an angle of 120° in relation to the vertical axis of the furnace bar 10 that increases optimization of the gasifying agent supply and completeness of the fuel combustion. The optimization of the combustion process which is estimated according to the maximum temperature is effected by means of turning on or off of the adjustable registers (not shown) disposed in the end-to-end channels 7.

The walls of the loading chamber 1 are executed hollow and filled with the cooling agent. The gasification products with the higher temperature rise up where they get cool due to the heat carrying off by the heat carrier in the hollow walls of the loading chamber 1 , and then the gases return downward and they act as pyrolysis gases which while going again through the combustion zone participate in the gasification process being enriched with the pyrolysis products and burn down in the afterburn chamber 17 that increases the completeness of the waste combustion.

The combustion products are removed from the reactor into the ashy chamber 15 through the annulus between the perforated heat resistant backstone 5 and the furnace bar 10 the tilt angle of the lateral face of which to its base is 60° that provides the natural grade for the ash descent. The size of the annulus between the furnace bar 10 and the perforated heat resistant backstone 5 is adjusted by means of the vertical movement of the rod (bearer) 11 with the help of the lifting mechanism 12. The movement of the furnace bar 10 vertically changes the passage area for the combustion gases and adjusts the slag disposal mode and influences the uniformity of the air supply and formation of the combustion source. At that in the process of the device operation the furnace bar 10 is cooled by means of supplying of the cooling agent through the supplying channel 13 and the removing channel 14 the inner cavity of which does not have intercommunication with the channels of supplying of the gasifying agent 7 and the reactor that prevents the damage of the furnace bar 10 caused by the influence of the high temperatures in the reactor.

The removal of the ash residuals from the ashy chamber 15 is effected with the help of two worms 16 that allows to clean effectively the ashy chamber without the appliance of the hand work and without shutdown of the device operation process.

Ash free combustion products enter into the afterburn chamber 17 in which the baffles with recesses 19 are executed forming the aerodynamic channel while passing along which 2-second retention of gases in the sufficient amount of oxygen takes place as a result of which destruction of the residual persistent organic pollutants contained in the gases is provided due to which the gases have such the quality at the outlet that any additional devices for their advanced treatment are not required. Then the combustion products (combustion gases) are removed through the combustion pressure venting channels 18 and supplied to the object of the heat power engineering where the heat abstraction takes place and enters into the gas outlet tube (not shown) through the flue assembly (not shown).

In the process of the device operation the additional loading of the reactor is effected according to the waste combustion that is fixed by the strain indicators (not shown). For that the additional loading of the wastes is effected through the transfer chamber 2 without the shutdown of the reactor operation and of the combustion process. For that the cover 3 of the transfer chamber 2 is opened and the additional loading of the wastes is effected into the transfer chamber. Then the cover 3 is closed hermetically and the cover 4 is opened and then the wastes enter into the loading chamber 1 of the reactor and after that the cover 4 is closed. At that the stability of the temperature factors in the reactor is provided and its power loss does not take place and the safe continuous process of the device operation is provided that increases processibility. The obtained combustion product does not contain harmful contaminants and can be further used as a heat carrier which can be used for the heat energy generation by the objects of the heat power engineering, for example, for water heating, air heating, steam generation, etc. Thus, the proposed technical solution provides improvement of the device productivity as it allows to increase the completeness of the waste combustion, decrease harmful agents emission in the combustion products and obtain the high quality final product which can be further used for obtaining the heat carrier which can be used for the heat energy generation by the objects of the heat power engineering. Besides, the proposed device improves the processibility of combustion and saves energy costs as the combustion process is continuous.

References

1. Russian Federation Patent No. 2182685 C2, IPC ⁷ F23B 1/12, published on 20.05.2002.

2. Patent of Ukraine No. 44982 C2, IPC ⁶ F23G 5/00, published on 15.03.2002.

3. Patent of Ukraine No. 88391 C2, IPC ⁹ F23G 5/00, 5/027, published on 12.10.2009.