Claims
1. Device for processing of plant stems containing cellulose fibres, which is usable for dew- retted plants with an advantage for non dew-retted stems of plants, where the device consists of odd number of rollers (1, 2) whereas a pair of bottom rollers (1) is fitted firmly and horizontally next to each other and minimum one of the top roller (2) abuts from the top against the bottom rollers (1), and the top roller (2) is vertically movable and spring-loaded and simultaneously it is positioned in the middle of the length of longitudinal axes of both bottom rollers (1) and rollers (1, 2) are equipped by radial grooves (12) and radial stumps (11) along the girth characterised in that radial grooves (12) and radial stumps (11) have a trapezoidal shape on the cut and the rollers (1, 2) are mutually situated so that the top area of stumps (11) of the top roller (2) abut against the bottom area of grooves (12) of the bottom rollers (1) and simultaneously there is a side clearance (3) between the side areas of the radial stumps (11) and radial grooves (12), and the stumps (11) of the rollers (1, 2) are equipped by axial half-round grooves (4) which are situated so that the half-round grooves (4) of two, next to each other situated, stumps (11) are moved by a half of the distance of half-round grooves (4) on the stump (11), in the gap between the bottom rollers (1) there is concurrently with the longitudinal axes of rollers (1, 2) placed run-in slate (13) of the processed material in the shape of regular trapezoid whereas the lead-in side of the run-in slate (13) in the spinning direction of the bottom roller (1) is shaped in compliance with the shape of radial grooves (12) and on the other side there is the run-in slate (13) flat and between the run-in slate (13) and the bottom rollers (1) there is a minimal operational gap, and simultaneously the upper area of the run-in slate (13) is shaped into radius so that between the upper area of the run-in slate (13) and the operational area of the top roller (2) there is kept a constant distance whereas the run-in slate (13) is adjustably fitted to a fixed frame of the device, between the top rollers (2) there is placed a stripper slate (15) whose bottom part is shaped into radius and its sides are flat, and the stripping slate (15) is fixed to the lead of the upper roller (2) which is hinged to and it is as well as the top roller vertically movable.
2. Device for processing of plant stems containing cellulose fibres, according to the Claim 1., characterised in that the top roller (2) is spring-loaded by a spiral spring which is compressed by an adjustable screw.
3. Device for processing of plant stems containing cellulose fibres, according to the Claims 1. and 2., characterised in that the size of stumps (11) and grooves (12) are set by the kind of processed material regarding tensile strength of the cellulose fibre.
4. Device for processing of plant stems containing cellulose fibres, according to the Claims 1. to 3., characterised in that the lead of the top rollers (2) is in linear leading slates with possibility of an independent swing at the edge bearings where there is one bearing axially movable in the bearing case of the linear lead when the rise of the top roller (2) is not symmetrical. |
Device for processing of plant stems containing cellulose fibres
The technology area
The technical solution relates to the machinery for crushing or grinding of plant stems and belongs to the area of industrial device for textile industry to process material of vegetable origin.
The state of technology
Known is a method of processing and device according to a Czech patent no. 295619.
According to this patent a plant stem containing fibres, on the basis of cellulose, gets firstly treated so that along the whole length of the stem it gets pressured by a pressure and couple of forces at the same time. Stem gets flatten and partly opened. Then the stem gets simultaneously or mostly simultaneously fractured along the whole length which causes that the woody part of the broken stem gets shorten and mostly releases of the fibre.
The device of such kind consists minimum of three smooth rollers and at least from three rollers which have right-angled radial grooves and right-angled radial stumps.
Its disadvantage is that it is only usable for processing of dew-retted plants containing cellulose fibres.
The nature of the invention
The invention concerns device for processing plant stems containing cellulose fibres. The device is usable for dew-retted plants wititi an advantage for non dew-retted stems of plants. The device consists of odd number of rollers whereas a pair of bottom rollers is fitted firmly and horizontally next to each other. At least one of the top rollers abuts from the top against the bottom rollers. The top roller is vertically movable and spring-loaded and simultaneously it is positioned in the middle of the length of longitudinal axes of both bottom rollers. Rollers are equipped by radial grooves and radial stumps along the girth.
The subject matter of the invention is that the radial grooves and radial stumps have on their cut a trapezoidal shape and the rollers are mutually situated so that the top area of stumps of the top roller abuts against the bottom area of grooves of the bottom rollers. Between the side
areas of the stumps and the grooves there are side clearances. The size of stumps and grooves is set by the kind of processed material regarding the tensile strength of the cellulose fibre.
The stumps of the rollers are equipped by axial half-round grooves which are situated so that the half-round grooves of two, next to each other situated stumps are moved by a half of the distance of half-round grooves on a stump.
In the gap between the bottom rollers there is concurrently with the longitudinal axes of the rollers placed a run-in slate. The run-in slate has the shape of regular trapezoid whereas the lead-in side of the run-in slate in the spinning direction of the bottom roller there is shaped in compliance with the shape of radial grooves and on the other side there is the run-in slate flat. Between the run-in slate and the bottom rollers there is a minimal operational gap.
The upper area of the run-in slate is shaped into radius so that between the upper area of the run-in slate and the operational area of the top roller there is kept a constant distance. The run-in slate is adjustably fitted to a fixed frame of the device.
Between the top rollers there is placed a stripper slate whose bottom part is shaped into radius and its sides are flat. The stripping slate is fixed to the lead of the upper roller which is hinged to and it is together with the top roller vertically movable.
An advantageous position holds the upper roller which is spring-loaded by a spiral spring which is compressed by an adjustable screw. The lead of the top rollers is in linear leading slates with possibility of an independent swing at the edge bearings where there is one bearing axially movable in the bearing case of the linear lead when the rise of the top roller is not symmetrical.
The device according to the invention does prepare very well the stems of plants containing cellulose fibres for their other processing. It does not disturb cellulose fibres and with the total lay-out of the device guaranties no losses.
The device is possible to be used for processing of dew-retted and none dew-retted stems of plants. At the non dew-retted stems is the advantage of using more obvious.
List of the pictures
Example implementation of the suggested solution is demonstrated in the drawings which cover:
Picture 1 - Lay-out of bottom rollers and the top roller which shows spring loading of the upper roller
Picture 2 - detail of the stumps and grooves of the bottom and the top roller
Picture 3 - lay-out of the axial half-round grooves on the stumps with showing their move
Picture 4 - placement of the bottom slate and the direction of spinning of the bottom rollers and the top roller
Picture 5 - placement of the top slate and showing its fixation
Picture 6 - showing the passage of the plants through the device.
The example of the invention
Device for plant stems processing of flax which in this case consists of three rollers 1, 2. A pair of bottom rollers 1 is firmly anchored and they are horizontally next to each other. To the bottom rollers 1 there comes from the top a single top roller 2 which is vertically movable and it is spring loaded. The top roller 2 is in comparison with the bottom rollers 1 positioned in the middle of the length of longitudinal axes of bottom rollers L The top roller 2 is spring loaded by a spiral spring which is pushed by an adjustable screw.
All rollers 1. 2 have along the outside girth regularly alternating radial grooves 12 and radial stumps JJ,. The grooves L2 and the stumps ϋ have on the cut a trapezoidal shape. Rollers L 1 2 are mutually positioned so that the upper areas of the stumps H of the top roller 2 abut on the bottom areas of the grooves L2 of bottom rollers 1 and the other way round. Between the side areas of the stumps 1_1 and the grooves L2 there are side clearances 3. The size of the stumps UL and the grooves L2 are set by the kind of the processed material in relation to the tensile strength of the cellulose fibres.
The stumps 11 of Hie rollers L 2 are equipped by axial half-round grooves 4. Half-round grooves 4 of two, next to each other situated stumps ϋ are moved by a half of the distance of the grooves 4. The size and number of half-round grooves 4_depends on the stem characteristics of the processed plant in this case flax.
In the gap between the bottom rollers 1 there is placed a run-in slate 13 . . The run-in slate 13 has the shape of regular trapezoid. The run-in slate 13 . is fixed concurrently with the longitudinal axis of the rollers ]J1 and it is adjustable against the firm frame of the whole device.
The lead-in side of the run-in slate 13 - in the spinning meaning of the bottom roller 1 - is shaped in compliance with the shape of radial grooves 12. On the other side there is the run-in slate 13 . flat. Between the run-in slate 13 and the bottom rollers 1 there is a minimal operational gap.
The upper area of the run-in slate 13 is shaped into radius. Between the upper area of the run- in slate 13 and the operational area of the top roller 2 there is kept a constant distance.
If the device consists of higher number of the top rollers 2 there is placed between the top rollers 2 positioned a stripper slate 15 . whose bottom part is shaped into radius according to the bottom roller 1 and its sides are flat.
The stripping slate 15 is fixed to the bearing body 16_of the top roller 2 to which is pivoted, it moves with the top roller 2 and remains the same position towards the top roller.
Lead of the upper rollers 2 is in the linear gibs with the possibility of independent swing at the edge bearings.
The device for processing stems of plants containing cellulose fibres e.g. flax, hemp and Hibiscus cannabinus is usable for dew-retted and none dew-retted stems of processed plants. Sizes of side clearance 3_, stumps JJ, and grooves 4, 12 are at the device unit set so that the fibres of the plants are damaged as little as possible while processing.
Function of the above described device lies in a combine work on the plant stem.
When the stem enters the device it is gripped by rollers 1, 2 and with the help of half-round grooves 4 is pressed by the stumps H, which abut against the bottom of the grooves 12 while the rollers JJZ are rotating. At the same time it is fractured by the edges of the stumps JJ, and grooves 12.
Scutching of the plant stems, process at which the stem gets opened, is done on the oblique sides of the grooves JJ2 and the stumps JJ,. It is caused by both the vertical movement of the top rollers 2 and the different peripheral speed of the bottom rollers J_against the top rollers 2 more precisely by the different speed of the grooves JJ2 movement and the stumps JJ. movement which have different radius and move in different peripheral speed.
At the same time at the bottom of the grooves 12 and the tops of the stumps H, pairs which interlock when the rollers 1, 2 spin, there happens the stem opening by the effect that on one part of the stem appeals different peripheral speed than to the other side of the stem. The difference of the peripheral speeds is caused by the different diameter of the rollers 1, 2 in the place of radial grooves 12 and radial stumps H.
Out of the rollers 1, 2 there are coming out processed stems of plants in the direction of joint tangent of the rollers 1, 2. Shape of the stripper comb slate 13, 15 provides that the material gets driven away from the joint tangent of the other rollers 1, 2. By that is secured fluency of the material passage between the rollers 1, 2 if the device consists of more than three rollers JL
2. The other advantage is that there are significantly reduced the shakes in the leading line of the top rollers 2.
Constant gap which is between the upper area of the run-in slate 13 and the operational area of the top roller 2 helps the fluency of the material passage.
Axially orientated half-round grooves 4 on the stumps H of the rollers 1, 2 improve the grip of the plant stems in the device and their further transport.
List of reference symbols
1 — Firm roller
2 — Top roller
3 - Side clearance
4 - Half-round groove
11 - Stump
12 - Groove
13 — Run-in slate 15 — Stripper slate 16 -Bearing body