| 1. | A device for separating material comprising a container (2) provided with a plurality of holes (1) and for receiving the ma terial to be separated and a member (3) for feeding the material in the container (2), characterized in that the feeding member (3) is adapted to pass over the holes (1) through parts thereof during the feeding and to by that cause a first fraction of the material to pass out through the holes (1) and a second fraction to be continuously fed in the container (2). |
| 2. | A device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the feeding device is arranged to pass closely over the holes (1) through parts thereof and by that in corporation with the edges of the holes give rise to shearing of the material between the hole edges and the feeding member (3). |
| 3. | A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the feeding member (3) has the shape of a screw. |
| 4. | A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the feeding member (3) designed as a screw is provided with a central longitudinal cavity (5). |
| 5. | A device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the feeding device comprises means (6) adapted to carry material therewith, and then preferably said second fraction, in the rota¬ tional movement about the rotation axis of the feeding member (3). |
| 6. | A device according to claim 5, characterized in that the means (6) for carrying material therewith comprises projections projecting in the feeding direction from the screwlike feeding member (3). |
| 7. | A device according to any of the preceding claims, character¬ ized in that container (2) is formed by a frame (11) and at least a member (12) provided with holes releasably connected thereto. |
| 8. | A device according to any of the preceding claims, character¬ ized in that the feeding member (3) and the container (2) are inclined in the longitudinal direction thereof. |
| 9. | A device according to any of the preceding claims, character¬ ized in that it comprises an arrangement (3 ) arranged below the container (2) for transporting said first fraction away, said arrangement comprising a transporting member (8) adapted to also procure a stirring of the first fraction besides transporting this fraction in a certain direction. |
| 10. | A device according to claim 9, characterized in that the transporting member (8) is designed as a screw having a cen¬ tral continuous cavity (9). |
| 11. | A device according to any of the preceding claims, charac¬ terized in that the holes (1) have an elongated shape and are oriented with the longitudinal direction thereof making an angle, preferably a substantial right angle, with the longitudinal direc tion of the feeding member (3). |
| 12. | A device according to any of the preceding claims, charac¬ terized in that it is intended for separating a material into frac¬ tions having different toughness. |
| 13. | A device according to any of the preceding claims, charac¬ terized in that the first fraction is mainly constituted by com¬ postable material and a second fraction is mainly constituted by plastic material. |
FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART
This invention relates to a device for separating material com¬ prising a container provided with a plurality of holes and for re- ceiving the material to be separated and a member for feeding the material in the container.
In order to exemplify but not in any way restrict the invention the particular case of separating compostable material from plastic material in connection with handling waste material, such as household garbage placed in plastic bags, will be de¬ scribed hereinafter. However, it has already in the introduction to be pointed out that the device according to the invention is very well suited to be used also for separating other types of material. The device according to the invention is particularly suited for separating material in which one of the fractions to be separated from each other is tough, continuous and/or sticky and by that has a tendency to obstruct the prior art devices used until now for this purpose.
Such devices of conventional type have preferably until now been drum sieves having considerable dimensions. These are not seldom both clumsy and heavy, so that considerable efforts are required to move and install these to and at the location where they are going to be used, and they are also expensive.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a device according to the preamble of claim 1 , which represents
an alternative to sieve devices according to the prior art, which is easy to transport and install, cost efficient and at the same time appropriate, said device differing with respect to construc¬ tion thereof substantially from the prior art within this field.
This is obtained by arranging the feeding member to pass over the holes with parts thereof during the feeding and to by that cause a first fraction of the material to pass out through the holes and a second fraction to be continuously fed in the con- tainer.
Furthermore, the device is particularly suited for separating material in which any of the fractions to be separated from each other is tough and/or has a gluey consistency. When material is separated by means of the devices according to the prior art obstruction or plugging of the holes through which one of the fractions separated from each other is intended to pass may easily be created. In the prior art this results in a requirement to carry out cleaning of such devices comparatively frequently, which is of a great disadvantage, since such a cleaning is time consuming, demands a lot of work and is not seldom experi¬ enced as unpleasant for the person being urged to carrying it out, since such material often has an unpleasant composition and emits smells of the unpleasant type. The health risk exist- ing is not to be neglected, although it may be judged as com¬ paratively small.
This problem is efficiently solved according to a preferred em¬ bodiment of the device according to the invention. This em- bodiment is characterised in that the feeding device is arranged to pass closely over the holes through parts thereof and by that in corporation with the edges of the holes give rise to shearing of the material between the hole edges and the feeding mem¬ ber. Plugging of the holes and the consequences of such plug- ging described above are by that avoided.
According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention said feeding member has the shape of a screw. Especially a very good shearing of the material between the hole edges and the feeding member is by that obtained when the threads of the screw passes closely over the holes.
According to another embodiment of the device according to the invention the feeding member designed as a screw is provided with a central longitudinal cavity.
Thanks to this cavity a very good stirring effect and redistribu¬ tion of the material to be separated is obtained, which in some applications, such as for example when separating compostable material from non-compostable material, such as plastic in the form of plastic bags, foils or the like, promotes the very separa¬ tion as well as the following treatment of any of the fractions, for example the compostable material.
According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention the feeding device comprises means adapted to carry material therewith, and then preferably said second frac¬ tion, in the rotational movement about the rotation axis of the feeding member and means for carrying material therewith, comprises projections projecting in the feeding direction from the screw-like feeding member.
The projections have the advantage that they by that further contribute to the separation of the material in the respective fractions thereof, which is particularly clear in the case when plastic in the form of plastic bags, oils or the like is separated from compostable material, in which case the plastic is primar¬ ily carried along by the projection.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the device ac¬ cording to the invention this comprises an arrangement ar¬ ranged below the container for transporting said first fraction away, said arrangement comprising a transporting member adapted to also procure a stirring of the first fraction besides transporting this fraction in a certain direction, said transporting member being designed as a screw with a central continuous cavity.
A positive effect in the cases of material handling in which the subsequent treatment of the first fraction is favoured by such a stirring is in this way created. In the case of compostable ma¬ terial the stirring results in an additional supply of oxygen to this material, which promotes a further treatment in a biogas tank. For the rest, thanks to the central continuous cavity the same stirring advantages as already described for the feeding mem¬ ber are obtained.
Further advantages and preferred embodiments of the invention will appear from the following description and the rest of the patent claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
With reference to the appended drawings, below follows a de¬ scription of an embodiment of the invention cited as an exam¬ ple.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the device according to the in¬ vention,
Fig. 2 is a side-elevation view of the device according to the in- vention,
Fig. 3 is a cross-section view of the device according to the in¬ vention, and
Fig. 4 is a partially sectioned view of a portion of the device according to the invention laterally seen.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
A preferred embodiment of the device according to the inven¬ tion is shown in Fig. 1. This comprises a container 2 provided with a plurality of holes 1 and which is intended to receive ma¬ terial to be separated in the device. The container 2 is also in- tended to accommodate a member 3 arranged for feeding the material in the container, which appears from the Figures 3 and 4.
The feeding member 3 is arranged to pass over the holes 1 by parts thereof during the feeding and to by that bring a first frac¬ tion of the material to pass out through the holes 1 and a sec¬ ond fraction to be fed further in the container 2. The feeding device 3 is arranged to pass closely over the holes 1 through parts thereof and by that through the corporation with the hole edges give rise to shearing of material between the hole edges and the feeding member 3. In the preferred embodiment the feeding member 3 has the shape of a screw, which is driven by a driving device 4, which is arranged at one end of the con¬ tainer and in principle may be of any suitable type, for instance an electric motor. As it appears especially from Fig. 3 the feeding member 3 is provided with a central longitudinal cavity 5. This is of a great importance for achieving stirring of the material in the container 2.
The feeding member 3 further comprises means 6 adapted to carry the material therewith, and 5 preferably the second frac¬ tion, in the rotational movement about the rotation axis of the feeding member 3. It appears from Fig. 3 and 4 that the means 6 for carrying material therewith comprises projections project¬ ing in the feeding direction from the screw-like feeding member 3. The projections are preferably elongated and extend in a di¬ rection substantially in parallel with the feeding direction, but deviations from such a parallelism are also conceivable within the scope of the invention. The means 6 for carrying material therewith are then preferably designed as pins. It is preferred that at least one such means 6 for carrying material therewith is arranged on each screw turn, which is the case in the preferred embodiment and which has turned out to be very efficient in practise. The length of the means 6 for carrying material therewith may be varied within comparatively broad limits but is in the preferred embodiment, in which especially separation of plastic material in the form of plastics bags from compostable material is intended, in the region of 1-30 cm, preferably 5-15 cm. In a specific embodiment of the invention a length of about 10 cm of the members has led to excellent results. They are of great importance for the material separation, since they prefer¬ ably pull one of two fractions to be separated along, usually the more gluey and continuous thereof, and by that contributes to an improved separation.
The device comprises further an arrangement 7 located below the container 2 for transporting the first fraction away. It has an opening upwardly for receiving the material falling from the container 2 through the holes 1. The arrangement 7 comprises for the transportation of the fraction so received a transporting member 8 arranged to also cause stirring of the first fraction besides transporting it in a certain direction. In the preferred embodiment the transporting member 8 is designed as a screw having a central continuous cavity 9. Similar to the cavity 5 of
the feeding member 3 the cavity 9 of the transporting member 8 contributes to an improved stirring of the material transported therein, which in some cases is of an essential importance for a further treatment of this material as mentioned above.
For optimising the function of the device there are an amount of variables possible to adjust according to the type of material to be separated, the amount of such material, the size of or the size distribution of particular pieces of the material supplied to the device, the type of the subsequent treatment of the fractions separated, the outer conditions (such as for example the tem¬ perature), etc. Example of such variables are the length and di¬ ameter as well as the inclination of the container 2 and of the feeding member 3. Since especially an increased feeding speed is desired it is favourable that the feeding member and the container are inclined in the longitudinal direction thereof, through which material is brought to pass faster through the device.
Also the size of the holes 1 as well as the design, location and number thereof may preferably be varied according to the par¬ ticular case. It is then particularly advantageous that the con¬ tainer 2 is formed by a frame 11 and at least a member 12 re- leasably connected thereto and provided with holes. This makes it possible to replace the member or members provided with holes by members having a different size and/or design of the holes.
With respect to the design of the holes, it has turned out, in particular in the case when plastic material in the form of plastic bags are separated from compostable material, that it is advan¬ tageous that the holes have a substantially elongated shape with longitudinal direction thereof in an angle, preferable a substantially right angle, with the longitudinal direction of the feeding member 3. Such an elongated shape of the holes 1 is
indicated, even if it is a little bit unclear in Fig. 4. Elongated shape comprises here that the holes extend further in one di¬ rection than in another.
The pitch of the feeding member 3, when this has the shape of a screw, and the width of the screw threads are also variables which a man skilled in the art may in a suitable way adjust for the particular case without departing from the idea of the inven¬ tion thereby. The same is valid for the design of the projections 6 as well as for the speed selected for the passage of the feeding member 3 with parts thereof over the holes 1. When the feeding member 3 has the design of a screw it is appropriate that such a speed variation takes place by adjusting a number of revolutions by which the screw is rotated.
The device is intended to be used in the following way:
Material, which for example in an earlier stage has been ex- certed to any form of crushing, disintegration or the like so as to give it a shape more suited for separation or so as to a certain extent separate an envelope from the content thereof, as is the case for plastic bags containing compostable material, is fed downwardly to an inlet 10 connected to the container 2 and having a hopper-like design, said inlet being located at one end of the container 2. The material supplied to the container 2 is fed therein by making the feeding member 3, which has the shape of a screw, to rotate by means of the driving device 4. The feeding member 3 co-operates with the hole edges of the hole 1 by passing closely thereover and by that shear material present there. Since one fraction, as in the case of plastic ma¬ terial and compostable material of plastic, is more continuous and/or tougher than the first fraction intended to be separated therefrom, this fraction will not be cut off and fall downwardly through the holes to any larger extent, but it will rather be car- ried further by the feeding member 3 and also penetrate in be-
tween the outer circumference thereof and the container 2 and by that function lubricating between the feeding member 3 and the container 2. Thus, the first fraction falls downwardly through the holes 1 , while the second fraction is fed in the feeding di- rection of the feeding member 3.
The first fraction falls downwardly into an arrangement 7 for transporting it away, wherein the transporting member 8 feeds the first fraction to one end of the arrangement 7 where this fraction is collected, on for example a conveyor belt or in any form of container, and is transported further for additional treatment.
The second fraction fed in the container 2 is also finally fed out of the container, which as the arrangement 7 is open at one end thereof, and is transported further away therefrom in a similar way as the first fraction.
When the device is intended for separating plastic material, preferably in the form of plastic bags, from compostable mate¬ rial, the entire device has preferably a length in the order of 10 m. It is therefore comparatively easy to place on a platform of a lorry and transport to stations where it is intended to in this way separate the content of household garbage and the like.
The device has with respect to the application just described, plastic and compostable material, turned out to be very well suited, and only very small proportions of the plastic material have after the separation been possible to find among the com- postable material. An additional considerable advantage of the device with respect to drum sieves and the like according to the prior art, is a very largely reduced need of cleaning required by this device.
Finally, it is to be noted that the device according to the inven¬ tion not in any way is restricted to the preferred embodiment described above, but many possibilities to modifications thereof will be apparent to a man skilled in the art without departing from the idea of the invention.
Next Patent: ACIDIC CLEANING COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR ALUMINIFEROUS METALS