CONNECTION

Related Applications

[001] The present application is based on and claims priority to Australian provisional patent application nos. 2019903708 and 2019903709 each filed on 2 October 2019, the content of each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

Technical Field

[002] The present technology relates to a device and a method for testing a data line. In particular, the technology allows the identification of active conductors in a data line comprising a plurality of conductors. The present disclosure also relates to a device and method for creating a data connection.

Background

[003] To meet the increasing demand for data, existing copper-based communication networks are being upgraded to include fibre-based broadband communication networks. Fibre to the Curb (FTTC) is one method for upgrading existing copper-based communication networks to include fibre-based broadband communication networks.

[004] FTTC typically requires connecting a distribution point unit (DPU) of a fibre-based broadband communication network to the customer and the existing copper-based communication network. The DPU typically has a customer side tail having four conductors (i.e., wires) that are used to connect the DPU to the customer and the existing copper-based communication network.

[005] To connect the DPU to the customer and the existing copper-based communication network, the customer's lead-in cable must be cut. The lead-in cable comprises two pairs of conductors, one pair being the active pair and the other pair being a spare pair. Once the lead-in cable has been cut, there will be four conductors coupled to the existing copper-based communication network (i.e., the exchange side), four conductors coupled to the customer's premises (i.e., the customer side), and the four conductors of the DPU. These 12 conductors must be connected in a particular way in order to correctly connect the customer to the existing copper-based communication network and the fibre-based broadband communication network.

[006] In order to correctly connect these 12 conductors, the active pair on the exchange side must be identified and a cross-connection to include the DPU conductors must be formed. This allows a continuous service to be provided to the customer. As there are 12 conductors, it will be appreciated that a technician may inadvertently transpose some of the conductors when forming the cross-connection, which will result in the customer not being correctly connected to the existing copper-based communication network and/or the fibre-based broadband communication network. Further, the cross-connection is typically formed using scotch locks, which are prone to errors and do not provide means for testing the cross-connection at a later stage.

[007] When performing the connection, technicians have no set references to identify working wires. Current methods used for identifying active services for customers are prone to errors as they rely on the availability of a dial tone on copper wire pairs. Even when the working wires are identified, and the connection is completed, there is no way to test connectivity before closing the enclosure which seals the connection.

[008] Often data connections are not recorded or saved in the provider database, therefore, when the end user requests a data service on the connection, it is not straightforward to check if the actual cross-connection is performed and is working. Generally, the only record available may relate to the fact that the connectivity has been setup at some point of time during construction.

[009] In view of the above, it is clear that there exists a number of errors that may occur while performing a data connection that can lead to a failure, including correct working wire identification, incorrect connectivity to the DPU unit or incorrect connectivity leading to open circuit wires.

[010] Currently, the only way to identify the error is to re-test all connections using a dial back system and manually verifying that ringing signal is looped through the DPU device. The present testing process will involve entering the premises where the connection is to be formed, which may be inconvenient to a customer. [011 ] It would be desirable to provide a device and/or method which overcomes at least one of the problems associated with conventional data line connection and/or testing methods.

Summary

[012] In accordance with the first aspect, the present disclosure provides a testing device for testing a data line, the data line comprising a plurality of conductors, the device comprising: a connection interface arranged to connect to an open end of the data line, wherein the connection interface comprises a plurality of connectors each adapted to connect to one of a plurality of conductors of the data line; and a programmable metering module arranged to perform a series of electrical measurements at the connection interface and compare measurements results to one or more predetermined values; wherein the device is adapted to perform electrical measurements between pairs of the conductors of the data line, and one or more properties of the data line are calculated by the programmable metering module.

[013] According to embodiments, the testing device further comprises at least one of: a memory arranged to record measurement results; a user interface arranged to receive a user input; and a display module arranged to display information output from the programmable metering module to a user.

[014] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a device for testing a data line, the line comprising a plurality of conductors, the device comprising: a connection interface arranged to connect to an open end of the data line; a programmable metering module arranged to perform a series of electrical measurements at the connection interface and compare measurements results to one or more predetermined values; a memory arranged to record measurement results; a user interface arranged to receive a user input; a display module arranged to display connection information to a user; wherein the electrical measurements are performed between pairs of conductors of the data line, based on the user input, and one or more properties of the data line are calculated by the programmable metering module and prompted on the display module. [015] According to embodiments, the one or more properties of the data line are utilised by the testing device to determine at least a working communication pair of the conductors.

[016] According to embodiments, the device comprises a Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) functionality, which is used to determine the characteristics of the conductors by observing the properties of reflected waveforms.

[017] In embodiments, the device comprises a second connection interface arranged to connect to a second open end of the data line and perform electrical measurements between conductors at the second open end of the data line to detect a working communication pair at the second open end.

[018] In some embodiments, the device further comprises a communication interface arranged to send measurement values and line connection data to one or more remote devices across a communication network. The one or more properties of the data line may comprise a working communication pair at the open end of the data line.

[019] In embodiments, the connection interface comprise four connectors arranged to electrically connect to respective conductors of the open end of the data line. The four connection points may be colour coded in accordance with a colour scheme of the conductors. For example, the four connection points may be coloured in Blue, White, Black and Red.

[020] In embodiments, the electrical measurements comprise voltage, resistance or capacitance measurements.

[021] In embodiments, the device comprises a cross-connection module arranged to form one or more electrical connections between conductors connected to the first connection interface and the second connection interface.

[022] In embodiments, the metering module is arranged to convert voltage or resistance measurements to digital signals and compare voltage measurements against calibrated voltage and resistance values to determine continuity of connection and resistance along connection. The metering module may also be arranged to check if a pair of conductors are open circuited by measuring resistance and capacitance across the pair of conductors. Furthermore, the metering module may be arranged to compare measurement values in a recursive manner against all recorded values. The metering module may also be arranged to identify a working pair of conductors based on the stability of the measurement values and/or identify a type of service in a working pair of conductors based on the measured voltage values.

[023] According to embodiments, the metering module is configured to determine whether the type of service is a PSTN or a broadband service. In embodiments, a DC constant voltage indicates a PSTN service while a low AC voltage indicates a broadband service. A DC constant voltage below a predetermined PSTN voltage and above 0V, may indicate a broadband service.

[024] In accordance with another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for testing a data line comprising a plurality of conductors, the method comprising the steps of: cutting a customer lead-in communication cable and expose internal conductors; connecting the exposed conductors to a connection interface of a device in accordance with the first aspect; identifying a working pair of conductors using the device user interface; forming a connection via the cross-connection module of the device; testing the connection to obtain at least one reference value; and storing and/or communicating the at least one reference value.

[025] According to embodiments, the method further comprises: connecting the conductors of a customer side to conductors of a broadband service; and using the device to test at least one property of the broadband service delivered to the customer side and to obtain at least one test value; and comparing the at least one test value to the at least one reference value.

[026] Embodiments of the technology disclosed provide several advantages, such as the ability to test the customer cables and identify correct service that need to be intercepted; test the connectivity after the cross-connection is performed; record all connectivity data so that downstream process owners can have accurate visibility of connectivity; and allowing testing of the data connection from a location outside of a premises which means that the testing person is not required to enter the premises.

[027] In addition, embodiments of the technology disclosed allow identifying working wires even when no dial-tone available in the wire, e.g. naked DSL services or third-party services; identify if the connectivity is performed correctly to the correct wire of the DPU (C and X side); and record the success of connectivity, technician ID and GPS location for the intercepted user cable to access by downstream processes.

[028] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a connection device for forming a data connection between communication lines that comprise a plurality of conductors, the connection device comprising: a first connection interface arranged to connect to a first communication network, the first connection interface comprising a plurality of first connectors; a second connection interface arranged to connect to a second communication network, the second connection interface comprising a plurality of second connectors; a third connection interface arranged to connect to a user communication line, the third connection interface comprising a plurality of third connectors; and a data communication port adapted to connect to a testing device for testing a connection to the first communication network and/or the second communication network.

[029] According to embodiments, the first, second and third interfaces are coded to facilitate connection with conductors of the respective communication lines.

[030] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a connection device for forming a data connection between communication lines that comprise a plurality of conductors, the connection device comprising: a first connection interface arranged to connect to a first communication network, the first connection interface comprising a plurality of first connectors; a second connection interface arranged to connect to a second communication network, , the second connection interface comprising a plurality of second connectors; and a third connection interface arranged to connect to a user communication line, the third connection interface comprising a plurality of third connectors; wherein the first, second and third interfaces comprise a plurality of connectors and are coded to facilitate connection with conductors of the respective communication lines.

[031] In an embodiment, each interface is colour-coded in accordance with a colour coding standard specific to a type of communication line or network being connected. The first connection interface may colour-coded in accordance with a colour-coding standard specific to the first communication network. For example, the first connection interface may be colour coded as blue. The second connection interface may be colour-coded in accordance with a colour-coding standard specific to the second communication network. For example, the second connection interface may be colour coded as red. The third connection interface may be colour-coded in accordance with a colour-coding standard specific to user communication lines. For example, the third connection interface may be colour coded as green.

[032] In an embodiment, each interface is coded using a label in accordance with a coding standard specific to a type of communication line or network being connected. The first connection interface may be coded using a label in accordance with a coding standard specific to the first communication network. The second connection interface may be coded with a label in accordance with a coding standard specific to the second communication network. The third connection interface may be coded with a label in accordance with a coding standard specific to user communication lines

[033] In an embodiment, the first communication network is a fibre-based broadband communication network. The first connection interface may be arranged to connect to a distribution point unit (DPU) of the fibre-based communication network.

[034] In an embodiment, the first connection interface comprises four connectors. The four connectors may be labelled to indicate connections to four respective conductors of the distribution point unit (DPU). For example, the four connectors may be each colour- coded as blue, white, red or black.

[035] In an embodiment, the second communication network is a copper-based communication network. For example, the second communication network is a public switched telephone network (PSTN). The second connection interface may be arranged to connect to an exchange of the copper-based communication network.

[036] In an embodiment, the second and third connection interfaces comprise four connectors. Each of the four connectors may be formed of an active pair and a spare pair, which are respectively arranged to connect to an active pair and a spare pair of conductors of the second communication network or user communication line.

[037] In an embodiment, the first connection interface comprises four connectors labelled to indicate connections to respective conductors of the distribution point unit (DPU).

[038] In an embodiment, the connection device further comprises a data communication port configured to receive a data communication cable and provide access to data being transmitted by one or more of the connection interfaces.

[039] In an embodiment, the data communication port provides a connection point for connecting a test device to check data connectivity. According to embodiments, the testing device of the first aspect may be adapted to connect to the data communication port of the connection device.

[040] According to embodiments, the device may comprise a substrate on which conductive strips are provided that provide data connection between the connectors of each of the first, second and third connection interfaces. The substrate may comprise a printed circuit board (PCB). The substrate may comprise a copper clad laminate board. The substrate may comprise FR4 material. The substrate may include a ground layer on at least one side. Preferably, a ground layer is provided on a first side of the substrate and a ground layer is provided on a second side of the substrate. According to embodiments, holes are formed in the substrate to provide a common ground between the first side and the second side. According to embodiments, an island boundary is provided around the conductive strips on the substrate. Each conductive strip may be surrounded on the substrate by a respective island boundary. According to embodiments, opposed conductive strips connect data connections provided by the conductive strips to the data communication port. According to embodiments, the connection device is optimised for used with operating frequencies between 100MHz and 1 Ghz, preferably 106MHz, 212Mhz, 424MHz and 848MHz, most preferably 212MHz. For example, the length and/or width dimensions of the conductive strips may be selected for optimised or improved operation determined by one or more of the following values: the operating frequency of the broadband network; dielectric constant of the substrate; characteristic impedance; and/or height of the substrate (height of dielectric material).

[041 ] The device may comprise at least one conductive strip to provide a data connection between at least one of the first connectors and at least one of the second connectors. Preferably, two conductive strips are provided to form a data connection between two first connectors of the first connection interface and two second connectors of the second connection interface, respectively. The device may comprise at least one conductive strip to provide a data connection between at least one of the first connectors and at least one of the third connectors. Preferably, two conductive strips are provided to form a data connection between two first connectors of the first connection interface and two third connectors of the third connection interface, respectively. The device may comprise at least one conductive strip to provide a data connection between at least one of the second connectors and at least one of the third connectors. Preferably, two conductive strips are provided to form a data connection between two second connectors of the second connection interface and two third connectors of the third connection interface, respectively.

[042] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for forming a data connection between communication lines that comprise a plurality of conductors, the method comprising the steps of: providing a connection device in accordance with at least one of the above aspects or embodiments; connecting a broadband network DPU to the first connection interface; connecting a copper-based communication network to the second connection interface; and connecting a user communication line to the third connection interface. [043] In an embodiment, the method further comprises the step of identifying an active pair and a spare pair of conductors of a communication line of the copper-based communication network to be connected to the second connection interface.

[044] In an embodiment, the method further comprises the step of identifying an active pair and a spare pair of conductors of the user communication line.

[045] In an embodiment, the method further comprises the step of connecting a test device to a data communication port of the device to check data connectivity.

[046] Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.

[047] Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like which has been included in the present specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention as it existed before the priority date of each claim of this specification.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[048] Figure 1 shows schematics of the device used to test a data line at the exchange side (a) and the user (customer) side (b);

[049] Figure 2 shows a schematic block diagram of a device for testing a data line;

[050] Figure 3 shows a schematic block diagram of an implementation of the device of Figure 2;

[051 ] Figure 4 shows a flow diagrams outlining method steps for testing a data line using the device of Figure 2; [052] Figure 5 shows display configurations of the device of Figure 2 in different testing conditions; and

[053] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of a connection device for connecting a data line in accordance with an embodiment;

[054] Figure 7 shows an electronic diagram of the connection device of Figure 6;

[055] Figure 8 is a flow diagram outlining steps to form a connection using the connection device of Figure 6; and

[056] Figure 9 shows a top side and a bottom side view of a PCB of a connection device according to an embodiment.

Detailed Description of Embodiments

[057] Figures 1 a and 1 b show a testing device 108 having a user interface 210, a display 212 and connection interface 202. Schematically displayed are a customer side 102, which may be the premises of the customer, a legacy exchange 106, which may be a telephone exchange, and a distribution point unit (DPU) 104, which provides broadband services. The DPU 104 being connected to a broadband network, preferably a fibre broadband network. Prior to or after connection to the broadband network, the conductor ends of the DPU 104, customer side 102 and exchange side 106 may be contained within a sealed enclosure such as copper interconnection unit (CIU) 110.

[058] Prior to connection to broadband services, the customer premise 102 is connected to the exchange 106 via four copper lines, two of which are an active pair that provide the legacy services and two of which are a spare pair. To connect the customer premises 102 to the broadband services of the DPU 104, the four lines between the customer side 102 and exchange side 106 are cut. This results in exposed conductors 273, 274, 275, 276 (copper wires) on the customer side 102 and exposed conductors 263, 264, 265, 266 (copper wires) on the exchange side. The DPU 104 has a tail 250 with four wires (generally copper conductors) to be connected to provide a broadband service to the customer premises 102. The technician is tasked with connecting the active pair of conductors on the customer side 102 to a corresponding active pair of wires on the DPU side 104. The technician is further tasked with connecting the active pair of conductors on the exchange side 106 to a corresponding pair of wires on the DPU 104. The spare pair of conductors on the exchange side 106 will be reconnected to the spare pair on the customer side 102. The connection to exchange 106 allows keeping the customer connected at all times with legacy services and switch the customer to broadband services provided via the DPU 104 seamlessly.

[059] Conventionally, it may be may be impossible for the technician to identify the active and spare pairs of conductors on each of the customer side 102 and exchange side 106. The testing device 108 may solve this problem. The testing device 108 is used to test both sides of the connection, before the technician forms a three-way connection between the customer premises 102, the DPU 104 and the exchange 106.

[060] The testing device 108 can be connected to all four conductors 273, 274, 275,

276 of the data line at the customer side 102 through its connection interface 202, such as shown in Figure 1 (a). Similarly, the testing device 108 can be connected to all four conductors 263, 264, 265, 266 of the data line at the exchange side 106 through its connection interface 202, such as shown in Figure 1 (b). The connection interface 202 that has four probes 220, 222, 224, 226 that are used to connect to individual wires of the data line being tested. The probes 220, 222, 224, 226 of the testing device 108 may connect to the conductors being tested in any desired manner, such as scotch lock connectors, adhesive tape or other connecting means. Generally, only one pair of conductors will be an active data pair (‘working pair’). Once the connection interface 202 is connected to the four conductors at the open side of the line at the exchange or customer side, the device 108 runs an algorithm to detect the working pair. The algorithm involves a series of voltage comparisons across different wires connected to the interface using a sweeping function. Presence of a service is identified by measuring voltage across pairs of wires and comparing them against pre-determined values. Alternatively or additionally, the device may measure any of resistance, capacitance or impedance across pair of wires and compare against predetermined values.

[061] The embodiment of the device described herein has a single connection interface 202 that connects to one open end of the data line. However, it would be appreciated that, in alternative embodiments, the device can have multiple connection interfaces. For example, the device may have two interfaces, one connecting to the customer side 102 of the data line and the other simultaneously connecting to the exchange side 104. Alternatively, the device may have a third connection interface that connect to the DPU cable, allowing to test the connection properties, including speed, when the connection is being setup. It will also be appreciated that one of the interfaces may comprise a standard connector, such an RJ45 socket.

[062] Referring now also to Figure 2, there is shown a schematic block diagram of the device 108 for testing a data line comprising a plurality of conductors. The device 108 comprises a connection interface 202 arranged to connect to an open end of the data line. A programmable metering module 204 is arranged to perform a series of electrical measurements, such as voltage, resistance and/or capacitance measurements on the conductors connected to the connection interface 202. In some embodiments, the device may have a second 202’ and a third 202” interface. The electrical measurements are performed between pairs of conductors of the data line, based on the user input, and one or more properties of the data line are calculated by the programmable metering module 204.

[063] The measurement results are compared to predetermined values stored in a memory 206 which is also used to record measurement results. The device 108 comprises a user interface 210, for example a keypad or a touchscreen, arranged to receive a user inputs to select measurement types, configurations and review previous and current measurement results. All information is provided to the user through a display module 212 arranged to display information related to the data line being tested to a user.

[064] The testing device 108 can provide the same testing functionality through a standard connector, such an RJ45 socket, for example using a permanent connection device to form a three-way connection between the customer side 102, the exchange side 104 and the DPU side 106. The permanent connection device can have an RJ45 ‘testing port’. An embodiment of the connection device 500 is shown in Figures 6 and 7, although the testing device 108 can be utilised to test the connections formed through means other than the connection device 500. [065] Values obtained before and after performing the connection can be compared to determine if the connectivity is accurate and complete, in which case the device 108 will prompt the user, through display module 212 to acknowledge completion of the test.

[066] At this stage, the test location can be acquired through an on-board GPS module 214 and communicated to a remote server, together with measurement results, using an on-board wireless communication interface 216. It will be appreciated that the wireless communication interface may send information through a private upload link using an internet connection or an e-mail message. The data link may be provided by a Wi-Fi, mobile connection, such as 4G or 5G, a Bluetooth connection, or any other type of available data connection at the testing location.

[067] The recorded GPS location, final decision reached based on values obtained before and after the connectivity and end user location (LOC ID) is communicated to a central service using the communication interface 216. Communicated data will be recorded and compared with when an end user places an order to determine if the connectivity was successful and if a self-installed kit (SIK) can be sent out. The SIK may include a broadband connection device, a wifi router and power and connection cables, together with installation instructions. If no records of a successful connectivity are available a SIK will not be sent to the end-user to avoid any SIK failures.

[068] Figure 3 shows a schematic block diagram of an implementation of the device of Figure 2. In the implementation of Figure 3, the device 108 comprises the following components.

[069] The connection interface 202 that has four probes 220, 222, 224, 226 that are used to connect to individual wires of the data line being tested. The probes 220, 222, 224, 226 are coloured in accordance with specific data communication industry conventions, for example the probes may be coloured blue, white, black, red as the colour of conductors in legacy data lines that connect customer premises to exchanges.

A first pair may be the blue and white wires and a second pair may be the black and red wires. It will be appreciated that the probes may have different colours in accordance with different industry standards. [070] A multiplexer circuit 304 that switches between wires to perform different measurements between pairs of the wires connected to the probes 220, 222, 224, 226.

[071 ] A voltage divider and a Thevenin circuit 306 that create a voltage that can be measured and scaled without over loading the sampling circuit.

[072] Analog to Digital Converter 308 used to convert the measurement to a readable digital value that can be used in the algorithms.

[073] Once the sampling measurements and decision algorithms are completed, the GPS coordinates are re-acquired through a GPS Module 214 and are recorded against the output to store in the memory and send out to a remote database.

[074] A Data logger 312 is also provided on board to record all successful results with user ID, GPS coordinates and customer connectivity data to upload to the database on the remote server.

[075] A power supply 310 provides power to the device 108.

[076] Signal sampler 316 allows to sample the analogy values of voltage capacitance and resistance measured using probes 302 and create digital representations.

[077] Finally, processor 314 controls all system components, implements the measuring algorithms and processes the measurements results (implementing the functionalities of the programmable metering module of Figure 2).

[078] Figure 4 shows a flow diagram outlining method steps for testing a data line using the device 180 in accordance with preferred embodiments.

Testing open data line

[079] The customer lead-in communication cable is cut to expose internal conductors, (step 402). In the embodiments described, the internal conductors are four coloured wires that have the same colours as the probes, blue, white, black, red. Subsequently, the exposed conductors are connected to the connection interface (coloured probes) of the testing device, (step 404).

[080] The user selects the ‘identify working pair function’ on the display module 212 using the user interface 210, (step 406).

[081 ] At this point the device performs a series of electrical measurements at the probes managed by the programmable metering module 204 based on algorithms stored in memory 206. The system starts the multiplexing circuit 304 and samples individual wire pairs using the voltage dividing Thevenin circuit 306 designed to identify voltage differences. Every sample is converted to a digital signal using the analog-to-digital converted 308 and measured against calibrated voltages to record actual voltage in the wire.

[082] Using the measurements recorded, a voltage identification algorithm compares identified voltages across different combinations of two wire pairs. If any pair with voltages is identified, the device shows that pair as the working pair (if the customers side is being tested and there is no connection to exchange side, the voltages are generated from customer device). The voltage measurements are then compared to pre-determined values stored in memory 206. The measured values are recorded in memory 206 and can be successively compared with measurements performed after a cross-connection has been formed.

[083] If no voltages are measured across all pairs, the program prompts the user to confirm connectivity to the customer side and perform connectivity check which runs an ‘open circuit check’ algorithm which measures resistance and capacitance across wire pairs. Any pair with a given resistance is shown as potential connected wires at the customer side, whereas any open circuit measurement is indicated as no connection at the customer side. Capacitance calculations are used to estimate cable distance based on 0.4mm-gauge copper twisted pair cables.

[084] Once the wires are identified the device is removed and a cross-connection can be formed. After the cross-connection is formed, the probe wires of the testing device can be used to test the DPU wire connection points using scotch locks or, in some instances, using a communication port of a connection device, such as a RJ45/RJ12 port. The cross-connection can be formed through any desired method before the testing device tests the connection, however the following section provides details of a connection device and method according to a preferred embodiment.

Device for forming a connection to the network

[085] Figure 6 shows a connection device 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The connection device 500 has a first connection interface 510, a second connection interface 520, and a third connection interface 530. The connection device 500 further includes a data communication port 540. The first, second, and third connection interfaces 510, 520, 530 of the connection device 500 are used to form a data connection between communication lines and/or networks that comprise a plurality of conductors.

[086] The first connection interface 510 has a first connector 511 , a second connector 512, a third connector 513, and a fourth connector 514. The connectors 511 - 514 of the first connection interface 510 are coloured coded. Preferably, the first connector 511 is colour coded blue, the second connector 512 is coloured coded white, the third connector 513 is colour coded black, and the fourth connector 514 is colour coded red.

[087] The second connection interface 520 has a first active connector 521 , a second active connector 522, a first spare connector 523, and a second spare connector 524.

The third connection interface 530 has a first active connector 531 , a second active connector 532, a first spare connector 533, and a second spare connector 534. As best seen in Figure 6, the order of the connectors 531 - 534 of the third connection interface 530 is the same as the order of the connectors 521 - 524 of the second connection interface 520. In particular, with respect to the orientation of the connection device 500 shown in Figure 6, the order of the connectors 521 - 524 and 531 - 534 from top to bottom is the first connectors 521 , 531 , the second connectors 522, 532, the third connections 523, 533, and the fourth connectors 524, 534. Thus, the active pair of connectors 521 , 522 of the second connection interface 520 is oppositely positioned on the connection device 500 to the active pair of connectors 531 , 532 of the third connection interface 530. Similarly, the spare pair of connectors 523, 524 of the second connection interface 520 is oppositely positioned on the connection device 500 to the spare pair of connectors 533, 534 of the third connection interface 530. Each connector of each of the first, second and third connection interfaces 510, 520, 530 may be of any suitable form to allow a conductor to be connected thereto. Preferably, the connectors will allow the connection to conductors to be made quickly and easily, such as by using scotch locks or other suitable connecting elements.

[088] The connectors of the first and second connection interfaces 520, 530 may be colour coded respectively in red and green in accordance with industry colour conventions. Green may signify the customer side and red may signify the exchange side.

[089] Figure 7 schematically shows how the connection interfaces 510, 520, 530 are electrically connected to each other within the device. The first connector 511 of the first connection interface 510 is electrically connected to the first active connector 531 of the third connection interface 530 by a first connection 501 . The second connector 512 of the first connection interface 510 is electrically connected to the second active connector 532 of the third connection interface 530 by a second connection 502. The third connector 513 of the first connection interface 510 is electrically connected to the second active connector 522 of the second connection interface 520 by a third connection 503. The fourth connector 514 of the first connection interface 510 is electrically connected to the first active connector 521 of the second connection interface 520 by a fourth connection 504. The first spare connector 523 of the second connection interface 520 is electrically connected to the first spare connector 533 of the third connection interface 530 by a fifth connection 505. The second spare connector 524 of the second interface 520 is electrically connected to the second spare connector 534 of the third connection interface 530 by a sixth connection 506.The data communication port 540 is electrically connected to the first connection 501 by a first test connection 541 , the second connection 502 by a second test connection 542, the third connection 503 by a third test connection 543, and the fourth connection 504 by a fourth test connection 544. The data communication port 540 is configured to be coupled to a testing device (not shown). The data communication port 540 is an RJ45 socket in this embodiment. However, any other suitable data communication port known in the art may be used as data communication port 540. [090] The connections 501 - 506 shown in Figure 7 are schematic representations of actual electrical connections formed on the rear of the PCB board of Figure 9, discussed further below. Such electrical connections may include one or more electrical devices such as, resistors, capacitors, inductors or diodes.

[091 ] Use of the connection device 500 to provide Fibre to the Curb (FTTC) to a customer will now be described. The FTTC will connect the customer premises 102 to an existing copper-based communication network 106 and a fibre-based broadband communication network 104.

[092] In order to connect a customer to a fibre-based broadband communication network, the customer premise's network 102 must be connected to a distribution point unit (DPU) 104 of the fibre-based broadband communication network. The customer side of the DPU has a tail 250 having four conductors, a first conductor 251 , a second conductor 252, a third conductor 253, and a fourth conductor 254. The conductors 251 - 254 of the DPU 104 are colour coded. In an embodiment, the first conductor 251 is colour coded blue, the second conductor 252 is coloured coded white, the third conductor 253 is colour coded black, and the fourth conductor 254 is colour coded red. It is also envisaged that the conductors 251 - 254 of the DPU 104 may be coded using other methods such as, for example, labels, numbers, or any other suitable means that can be used to identify and distinguish between the different conductors 251 - 254.

[093] As previously discussed, to connect the customer to the DPU 104 and the existing copper-based communication network, the customer's lead-in cable must be cut. The lead-in cable comprises two pairs of conductors, one pair being the active pair and the other pair being a spare pair. The lead-in cable therefore has four conductors, each being distinguished from each other by colour and/or other visual means. For example, the lead-in cable may have a red conductor, a black conductor, a white conductor, and a blue conductor. It will be appreciated that the conductors of the lead-in cable may be distinguished using other colours and/or other visual means.

[094] Once the lead-in cable has been cut, there will be four exchange side conductors 260 connected to the existing copper-based communication network and four corresponding customer side conductors 270 connected to the customer's premises. [095] The exchange side conductors 260 include a first exchange side conductor pair 261 and a second exchange side conductor pair 262. The first exchange side conductor pair 261 includes a red conductor 263 and a black conductor 264. The second exchange side conductor pair 262 includes a white conductor 265 and a blue conductor 266.

[096] The customer side conductors 270 include a first customer side conductor pair 271 and a second customer side conductor pair 272. The first customer side conductor pair 271 includes a red conductor 273 and a black conductor 274. The second customer side conductor pair 272 includes a white conductor 275 and a blue conductor 276.

[097] The conductors 251 - 254 of the DPU 104 are connected to the connection device 500 by connecting the blue first conductor 251 of the DPU 104 to the blue first connector 511 of the connection device 500, the white second conductor 252 of the DPU 104 to the white second connector 512 of the connection device 500, the black third conductor 253 of the DPU 104 to the black third connector 513 of the connection device 500, and the red fourth conductor 254 of the DPU 104 to the red fourth connector 514 of the connection device 500. The conductors 251 - 254 of the DPU 104 are therefore connected to the connection device 500 by matching the colours of the conductors 251 - 254 to the colours of the connectors 511 - 514 of the first connection interface 510. It will therefore be appreciated that the connectors 511 - 514 of the first connection interface 510 are colour coded based on the colour-coding standard used to colour code the conductors 251 - 254 of the DPU 104. The conductors 251 - 254 of the DPU 104 may be connected to the first connection interface 510 of the connection device 500 before or after the customer's lead-in cable is cut.

[098] After the customer's lead-in cable has been cut, the technician may identify which of the first exchange side conductor pair 261 and the second exchange side conductor pair 262 is the active pair and which is the spare pair. The step can be done using suitable methods known in the art. According to preferred embodiments, the testing device 108 described herein is used to test the conductors to identify the active pair. In the example shown in Figure 6, the first exchange side conductor pair 261 is the active pair and the second exchange side conductor pair 262 is the spare pair. [099] Similarly, after the customer's lead-in cable has been cut, the technician may identify which of the first customer side conductor pair 271 and the second customer side conductor pair 272 is the active pair and which is the spare pair. The step can be done using suitable methods known in the art. According to preferred embodiments, the testing device 108 described herein is used to test the conductors to identify the active pair. In the example shown in Figure 6, the first customer side conductor pair 271 is the active pair and the second customer side conductor pair 272 is the spare pair.

[0100] After the first exchange side conductor pair 261 has been identified as the active pair, the red conductor 263 is connected to one of the first active connector 521 and the second active connectors 522 and the black conductor 264 is connected to the other of the first active connector 521 and the second active connector 522. After the second side exchange side conductor pair 262 has been identified as the spare pair, the white conductor 265 is connected to one of the first spare connector 523 and the second spare connector 524 and the blue conductor 266 is connected to the other of the first spare connector 523 and the second spare connector 524. In other words, the active pair of conductors 261 of the exchange side conductors 260 are connected to the connectors 521 , 522 designated for the active pair and the spare pair of conductors 262 of the exchange side conductors 260 are connected to the conductors 523, 524 designated for the spare pair. In the example shown in Figure 6, the conductor 263 is connected to the first active connector 521 , the connector 264 is connected to the second active connector 522, the conductor 265 is connected to the first spare connector 523, and the conductor 266 is connected to the second spare connector 524.

[0101] After the exchange side conductors 260 have been connected to the second connection interface 520, to correctly connect the customer to the existing copper-based communication network and the fibre-based broadband network, the technician connects the customer side conductors 270 to the third connection interface 530 in a corresponding order to that which the exchange side conductors 260 are connected to the second interface 520. Accordingly, in the example shown in Figure 6, the red conductor 273 is connected to the first active connector 531 , the black connector 274 is connected to the second active connector 532, the white conductor 275 is connected to the first spare connector 533, and the blue conductor 276 is connected to the second spare connector 534. With reference to the orientation of the connection device 500 shown in Figure 6, the customer side conductors 270 are therefore connected to the third connection interface 530 by matching a colour order from top to bottom that the exchange side conductors 260 are connected to the second connection interface 520. In other words, each of the exchange side conductors 263, 264, 265, 266 will be directly opposite to the customer side conductor 273, 274, 275, 276 which is of the same colour.

[0102] After the customer side conductors 270 have been connected to the third connection interface 530, the technician can connect a test device to the data communication port 540 of the connection device 500 to test if the customer has been correctly connected to the existing copper-based communication network and the fibre- based broadband network. For example, in preferred embodiments, the testing device 108 described above is utilised to test the connection, such as by connecting a connector to the communication port 540 on the connection device 500. The data communication port 540 can also be used:

• as a network test point for a testing device to perform operational functionalities;

• to test the network and identify faults testing the customer side and the DPU side separately; and/or

• to check the connectivity status of the DPU 104 and identify faults or fibre network termination conditions.

[0103] It will be appreciated that the connection device 500 may advantageously reduce the probability of a technician transposing any of the conductors 251 - 254, 263 - 266, 273 - 276 when connecting a customer to the existing copper-based communication network and a fibre-based broadband network to provide a customer with FTTC. It will also be appreciated that, after the customer has been connected to the existing copper- based communication network and a fibre-based broadband network using the connection device 500, the data communication port 540 of the connection device 500 can be used to test if the customer has been correctly connected to the existing copper- based communication network and the fibre-based broadband network and test the FTTC connection. [0104] Although the connection device 500 has been described and illustrated for connecting a customer to the existing copper-based communication network and a fibre- based broadband network, it is envisaged that the connection device 500 can be used to connect a customer to wide variety of different communication networks or lines. It will therefore be appreciated that the colours of the connectors 511 - 514 of the first connection interface 510 may be coded based on a colour-coding standard specific to a type of communication line or network that is to be connected to the first connection interface 510 of the connection device 500.

[0105] Although the conductors 251 - 254 of the DPU 104 have been described as being coded using colour-coding standards, it is also envisaged that the conductors 251 - 254 of the DPU 104 may be coded using label, numbers, or the like in accordance with a coding standard specific to a type of communication line or network. In this case, the connectors 511 - 514 of the first connection interface 510 may be coded based on the labels, numbers, or the like of the coding standard specific to the type of communication line or network that is to be connected to the first connection interface 510 of the connection device 500. An important part of the connection device 500 is to provide an simplified and intuitive means for forming the data connection which reduces the likelihood of human error when forming the connection.

[0106] Figure 8 is a flow diagram outlining steps to form a data connection between communication lines using the connection device 500 of Figure 6. A connection device device having first, second and third connectors for connecting to each of customer side conductors, exchange side conductors and a broadband network is provided, 802. Successively, a broadband network DPU is connected to the first connection interface, 804. A copper-based communication network is then connected to the second connection interface, 806. Finally, a user communication line is connected to the third connection interface, 808. It is noted that the steps 804, 806 and 808 may be performed in any order.

[0107] Before the connections are performed, an active pair and a spare pair of conductors is identified for the copper-based communication network and the user communication line. The identification of the active pair and spare pair is preferably performed by the device 108 as described herein. [0108] After the connections are performed, a test device can be connected to the data communication port to test the operation and quality of the connection performed. Furthermore, the data communication port can be used for future connectivity testing.

The testing of the operation and quality of the connection is preferably performed by the device 108 as described herein.

[0109] Figure 9 shows an embodiment of a PCB forming the basis of the connection device 500. The PCB used may be a copper clad laminate board, such as the material 'FR4', which may reduce noise impact on the connection and reduce cross-talk in communication lines. As shown in figure 9, the PCB includes a top side 550 (first side) and a bottom side 560 (second side). The top side 550 is substantially formed with a ground plate 551 which is preferably formed from a suitable grounding material such as copper. Similarly, the bottom side 560 is substantially formed with a ground plate 561 which is also preferably formed from a suitable grounding material such as copper. Via holes 570 are provided between the first and second side ground plates 551 , 561 . The via holes 570 allow the ground plates 551 , 561 on both sides to connect to a common ground, and may also assist in reducing unwanted signal coupling when the connection device 500 is actively in use.

[0110] The first spare connector 523 of the second connection interface 520 is connected to the first spare connector 533 of the third connection interface 530 via conductive strip 564. The second spare connector 524 of the second connection interface 520 is connected to the second spare connector 533 of the third connection interface 530 via conductive strip 563. Thus, the conductive strips 564, 563 enable a connection to be made between the conductors 263, 264 of the spare conductor pair 261 of the exchange side conductors 260 and the conductors 273, 274 of the spare conductor pair 271 of the customer side conductors 270, when the conductors 263, 264 are connected to connectors 524, 523, and when the conductors 273, 274 are connected to the connectors 534, 533.

[0111] The first active connector 521 of the second connection interface 520 is connected to the first connector 511 of the first connection interface 510 via conductive strip 568. The second active connector 522 of the second connection interface 520 is connected to the second connector 512 of the first connection interface 510 via conductive strip 567. Thus, the conductive strips 568, 567 enable a connection to be made between the conductors 265, 266 of the active conductor pair 262 of the exchange side conductors 260 and the blue and white wires 251 , 252 of the DPU side wires 250, when the conductors 265, 266 are connected to connectors 522, 521 , and when the conductors 251 , 252 are connected to the connectors 511 , 512.

[0112] The first active connector 531 of the third connection interface 530 is connected to the fourth connector 514 of the first connection interface 510 via conductive strip 566.

The second active connector 532 of the third connection interface 530 is connected to the third connector 513 of the first connection interface 510 via conductive strip 565. Thus, the conductive strips 566, 565 enable a connection to be made between the conductors 275, 266 of the active conductor pair 272 of the customer side conductors 270 and the black and red wires 253, 254 of the DPU side wires 250, when the conductors 275, 276 are connected to connectors 532, 531 , and when the conductors 253, 254 are connected to the connectors 513, 514

[0113] Each of the strips 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568 are preferably formed from a suitably conductive material. According to the present embodiment, the strips 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568 are formed from copper. Isolating boundaries 562 on the bottom side 560 surround each of the conductive strips 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568 in order to electrically isolate each conductive strip from each of the other conductive strips 563,

564, 565, 566, 567, 568 and from the ground plate 561 . The grounding layer of ground plate 561 is therefore provided between the conductive strips 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568 in order to minimise signal coupling when the device is in use.

[0114] The dimensions (length and/or width) of the conductive strips 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568 may be selected based on the PCB substrate used, such as a copper clad PCB substrate of FR4 or similar board material, and the expected operating frequency. The circuit includes two elements, which are straight waveguides (conductive strips 563, 564) and bent waveguides (conductive strips 565, 566, 567, 568). The waveguide (conductive strip) width dimension (w) may be determined based on the dielectric constant of the substrate (8) and the height dimension of the substrate (h). [0115] The following formulae are utilised in determining the width of the conductive strips 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568. The first formula is to the effective dielectric constant

(Seff) : e + 1 e — ί 1

^£ eff

^{2 + 2} J + ¹² Vw

[0116] The second formula is to the characteristic impedance (Z ₀ ):

[0117] In the above calculations the value W is the width of the conductive strip (waveguide) and the value 'h' is the height of the substrate (dielectric material). Due to a low operating frequency, w/h >1 in the present embodiments.

[0118] High frequency structure simulation (HFSS) software may be utilised to model in a parametric simulation to identify a desired or optimised value of the conductive strip (waveguide) width (w). For example, HFSS software of Agilent™ was used to perform such calculations. According to one example, a characteristic impedance (Z ₀ ) of 50W is desired, the substrate height (h) is 1 2mm and the dielectric constant of the substrate (8) is 4.871 (about 4.8), which means that a calculated conductive strip width (w) is about 6.2mm. In one embodiment, a conductive strip width of 7mm was used because of ease of fabrication on the PCB.

[0119] The lengths of the conductive strips may be selected as a factorised fraction of the wavelength of the signals passing therethrough. For example, according to the present embodiment, a G.Fast connection with frequency of 212MHz may be used. Lengths of the conductive strips 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568 in the x-direction shown in the embodiment of Figure 9 may be as follows: length of strips 563, 564 is 8.25cm; x- direction length of strips 565, 567 is 3.75cm; and x-direction length of strips 566, 568 is 2.5cm. The lengths in the y-direction shown in Figure 9 of strips 565, 567, 566, 568 is preferably substantially the same as their length in the x-direction. The HFSS software may utilised to simulate the circuit and identify any deficiencies when an operating frequency of 212MHz is used. The above values and dimensions of the embodiment shown in Figure 9 have been selected in accordance with an operating frequency of 212MHz, where a different operating frequency is utilised, such as 106MHz, the device 500 will function, although its performance may be less efficient. For operating frequencies other than 212MHz, such as 106MHz, 424MHz and 848MHz, being frequencies associated with various implementations of the G.Fast DSL technology, the software and calculations using the above formulae may be utilised to determine more optimal values, including conductive strip width and length, for improved performance. In other embodiments, another high frequency may be used, preferably between 100MHz and 1 GHz, and optimal values are calculated according to the above method to implement the conductive strips on the device.

[0120] As shown in figure 9, via holes 590 are formed through the conductive strips 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568 between the bottom side 560 and top side 550 of the device 500. Conductive strips 553 are provided on the top side 550. The conductive strips 553 are preferably formed of a suitable conductive material, such as copper. The conductive strips 553 each connect a respective via hole 590 with a connection pad 580. The conductor pads 580 and conductive strips 553 are isolated from the top side ground plate 551 by island boundary 552. Preferably, the island boundary 552 with fully isolate each conductive strip 553 from each other conductive strip 553. The via holes 590 enable a connection to be made between the conductive strips 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568 and each respective top side conductive strip 553. Therefore, the electrical signals and/or data passing through each of the conductive strips 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, i.e. between the DPU 104, exchange 106 and customer 102 sides, are passed to connection pads 580. The connection pads 580 are preferably connected to the data communication port 540 of Figure 6. The data communication port 540 comprises any suitable connector port, such as and RJ45 or RJ12 socket.

Testing data line after cross connection

[0121] Thus, after the connections are completed, a test device can be connected to the data communication port 540 to test the operation and quality of the connection. Furthermore, the data communication port 540 can be used for future connectivity testing when connected to a test device. The testing of the connectivity, or operation and quality of the connection is preferably performed by the testing device 108 as described herein.

[0122] After the connection has been made using the device 500, the device 500 and adjacent sides of the DPU wires 250, exchange side conductors 260 and customer side conductors 270 may be enclosed in a sealed box. For example, the sealed box may be a copper interconnection unit (CIU). The CIU will shield the connection device 500 and conductors 250, 260, 270 from outside interference and exposure to external elements such as water, dirt or animals. According to preferred embodiments, the sealed box / CIU includes an openable and resealable window, or other resealable opening, situated adjacent to the data communication port 540 of the device 500. The window / opening permits a technician to more easily access the data communication port 540 at a later time when the operation, quality or connectivity of the connection is to be tested by a testing device. For example, the testing device 108 described herein may be used for this purpose.

[0123] Of course, the testing device 108 may be utilised to test a cross-connection that has been completed between the DPU 104, customer 102 and exchange 106 sides in any manner, whether that connection includes the connection device 500 or some other connection means. As shown in figure 4, when a cross-connection has been made between the DPU 104, customer 102 and exchange 106 sides in any manner, the probe wires of the testing device 108 may be connected to the DPU cable matching colours, (step 408) and another test, this time of the connection, is performed using the testing device, (step 410). According to step 408, the testing device 108 may alternatively form a connection to a device used to form the connection between the DPU 104, customer 102 and exchange 106 (such as the device 500 described herein), for example using corresponding male to female connectors, such as RJ45 or RJ12 connectors.

[0124] At this point the device may perform a series of measurements using a process similar to the tests discussed above with reference to the single end data line testing. The measurement results are stored in memory 206 and compared with pre-recorded values to determine continuity of connection and resistance across DPU tail. This allows verification that the connectivity (customer (C) and exchange (X) side) of the DPU data cable is correct, (step 412).

[0125] The testing device 108 is preferably configured to test one or more of a number of varied broadband protocol standards, such as G.Fast. For example, the testing device 108 may be used to determine connections that function on 106 MHz profiles or 212 MHz profiles.

[0126] According to preferred embodiments, the testing device 108 includes a GPS module 214 which determines the location of the testing device 108 and hence the technician. The GPS module 214 therefore enables verification that the testing is being performed at the correct location or customer address. The GPS information may be saved to the device memory 206 and/or communicated to a central storage location, such as a server. The testing device 108 includes communication interface 216 which enables communication of the results of each test and communication of the measurements performed by the testing device 108. The results and measurements may be sent to a central storage location, such as a server.

[0127] According to further preferred embodiments, the testing device 108 has integrated Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) functionality, which permits enhanced verification testing to be performed of the copper conductors. The TDR functionality can be used to determine the characteristics of conductors by observing reflected waveforms. Using the TDR capability of the device, a function can calculate the length of a particular copper conductor or each of the copper conductors. As the reflected signal will be dependent on the impedance, discontinuities and imperfections in the copper line may be determined or located. In particular, the TDR analyses the reflected signal so that different conditions of the cable can be determined, such as any one or more of: capacitance; open terminations; short circuit terminations; and changes in impedance. These TDR tests may be performed before or after cutover for a FTTC network connection to provide enhanced testing of the PSTN or VDSL services and improved accuracy and confirmation of results provided by the testing device 108.

[0128] A final testing of the copper line may be performed after connection between the broadband network, customer premises and exchange is completed using the TDR functionality of the testing device 108. A resultant waveform may be used to identify whether the characteristics expected by introducing DPU into the customer premises conductors are visible in the final trace and measurements performed. These measurements may be used as a verification to confirm that CIU termination is completed correctly and that DPU broadband has been integrated to the communication line connecting the customer premises. All recorded data and measurements will preferably be automatically saved to the memory 206 or communicated to linked servers for further analysis and verification.

Performing electrical measurements

[0129] The recoded measurements results (for example voltage values) are compared in a recursive manner against all recorded pair voltages. A stable reading indicates a working pair while type and value of voltage represents the type of service in the active pair. DC constant voltage indicates PSTN service while low AC voltage indicates a Broadband service.

[0130] Working pairs of wires may be determined based on the measured voltage across the wire pair. If the measured voltage is comparable to PSTN dial-tone voltage levels, the device will prompt identification of the telephone (POTS) service across the pair of wires. If the working pair voltages are below normal PSTN voltage but, greater than about 0V, it identifies the working pair as having a Broadband service.

[0131] Figure 5 shows display 112 configurations of the device of Figure 2 in different testing conditions. Figure 5(a) shows the voltages identified in individual wire pairs of the exchange side cable: Blue/White and Black/Red of customer connection reference CIU XXX on display 212. Based on the identified voltages the device prompts the user that Black/Red is the active pair and that cut-ins have been performed correctly, preferably in a prominent colour such as bright green. Similarly Figure 5(b) shows the voltages identified in individual wire pairs of the exchange side cable: Blue/White and Black/Red of customer connection reference CIU 855 on display 212. Based on the identified voltages the device prompts the user that both wire pairs are inactive and prompts to perform the cut-in using the default wires Blue/White. In preferred embodiments, the display interfaces are provided in a portable device with a touch screen interface, such as a smartphone, tablet, PDA or similar device. For example, a portable device with a touch screen interface, such as a smartphone, tablet, PDA or similar device, may interconnect with the testing device 108 to provide functionality and connectivity to the user of the device 108.

[0132] It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the invention as shown in the specific embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.

[0133] Although the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the technology as shown in the specific embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of technology as broadly described. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.

Index of drawing references:

102 - Customer side

104 - Distribution point unit (DPU)

106 - Exchange side 108 - Testing device 110 - Copper interconnection unit (CIU)

202 - Connection interface of testing device 108

202' - Optional second connection interface of testing device 108

202" - Optional third connection interface of testing device 108

204 - Programmable metering module of testing device 108

206 - Memory of testing device 108

210 - User interface of testing device 108

212 - Display module of testing device 108

214 - GPS Module of testing device 108

216 - Communications interface of testing device 108

220 - First probe of connection interface 202

222 - First probe of connection interface 202

224 - First probe of connection interface 202

226 - First probe of connection interface 202

250 - Distribution point unit (DPU) tail

251 - Blue wire of DPU 104

252 - White wire of DPU 104

253 - Black wire of DPU 104

254 - Red wire of DPU 104

260 - Exchange side conductors

261 - First exchange side conductor pair of exchange side conductors 260

262 - Second exchange side conductor pair of exchange side conductors 260

263 - First conductor of first exchange side conductor pair 261

264 - Second conductor of first exchange side conductor pair 261

265 - First conductor of second exchange side conductor pair 262

266 - Second conductor of second exchange side conductor pair 262

270 - Customer side conductors

271 - First customer side conductor pair of customer side conductors 270 - Second customer side conductor pair of customer side conductors 270 - First conductor of first customer side conductor pair 271 - Second conductor of first customer side conductor pair 271 - First conductor of second customer side conductor pair 272 - Second conductor of second customer side conductor pair 272 - Multiplexer circuit - Voltage divider + Thevenin circuit - Analog to digital converter - Power supply - Data logger - Processor - Signal sampler - Copper interconnection unit (CIU) enclosure - Connection device - First connection of device 500 - Second connection of device 500 - Third connection of device 500 - Fourth connection of device 500 - Fifth connection of device 500 - Sixth connection of device 500 - First connection interface of connection device 500 - First connector of first connection interface 510 - Second connector of first connection interface 510 - Third connector of first connection interface 510 - Fourth connector of first connection interface 510 - Second connection interface of connection device 500 - First active connector of second connection interface 520 - Second active connector of second connection interface 520 - First spare connector of second connection interface 520 - Second spare connector of second connection interface 520 - Third connection interface of connection device - First active connector of third connection interface 530 - Second active connector of third connection interface 530 - First spare connector of third connection interface 530 - Second spare connector of third connection interface 530 - Data communication port of connection device - First test connection of data communication port 540 - Second test connection of data communication port 540 - Third test connection of data communication port 540 - Fourth test connection of data communication port 540 - Top side of PCB of connection device 500 - Ground plate (top side) 550 - Island boundary on top side 550 - Conductive strips between via holes 553 and connection pads 580 on top side 550 - Bottom side of PCB of connection device 500 - Ground plate (bottom side) 560 - Island boundaries on bottom side 560 - Conductive strip between connector 524 and connector 534 - Conductive strip between connector 523 and connector 533 - Conductive strip between connector 513 and connector 532 - Conductive strip between connector 514 and connector 531 - Conductive strip between connector 512 and connector 522 - Conductive strip between connector 511 and connector 521 - Via holes between ground plate sides 551 , 561 - Connection pads - Via holes between conductive strips on top and bottom sides 550, 560