| WO2010017607A2 | 2010-02-18 | |||
| WO2004094816A1 | 2004-11-04 |
| US20130062887A1 | 2013-03-14 |
| Claims 1. Gravity power generator, characterized by two containers 1 and 2 of equal height and known geometry, like a triangular wedge, cone or pyramid, filled with incompressible fluid and subject to a downward attractive gravity field. The centers of gravity of the fluidsin 1 and 2 are known from geometry. The orientation of 1 is top-up; that of 2 is top-down. Consequently the potential energy density of the fluid in 1 is smaller than in 2, by a known amount. By connecting 1 and 2 with a gate A above and with another gate B below, fluid fiows from 2 through B Into 1. By mass conservation an equai amount of fluid flows back from 1 through A to 2, thus creating a gravity driven power generator, with cyclic fluid, Dissipative losses of the embodiment can be taken into account in the capacity factor. 2. Method according to claim 1, applied for the generation of electricity, in a fixed embodiment either above ground or dig in, or in a floating embodiment, with a reaction type turbine-generator, installed in the gate B below between the containers. 3. Method according to claims 1 and 2 in a floating embodiment, applied in configurations suitable for the propulsion of ships, for the main propulsion as well as for auxiliaries, like to serve as bow thruster. 4. Method according to claims 1 and 2 with water as fluid, with antifreeze added for application in cold climate. 5. Method according to claim 4 with water as fiuid, to which a solute Is added to enhance the density of the solution. 6. Method according to claims 1 and 2, with CCG fluid in closed containers, at suitable temperature and pressure. 7. Method according to claim 1, applied to air at atmospheric pressure, for the calculation of the natural ventiiation capacity of buildings, in particular of pyramid homes, 8. Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the application of a temperature gradient across a temperature region containing the critical temperature of the fiuid where the density changes with temperature are large, in such a way that the density of the fluid flowing through gate B into container 1 becomes much smaller than the average density of the fluid in the containers 1 and 2, Consequently the float up of the lighter fiuid that passes through gate B into container 1 will be stimulated by the higher buoyancy of the surrounding heavier fluid in 1, |
Technical field
The technical field is power generation with cycled fluid subject to gravity. The invention is a fluid conserving differential gravity power generator, which can be used for electricity generation and motive purposes like ship propulsion. Priority call on 113, 14],
Prior art
Since the middle ages people tried to build perpetual machines which would run indefinitely and deliver energy for free. Famous Is Bhaskara's wheel [1], replicated and tried many times in the literature, but till now without success. Boyle's seif-flowing f!ask [2] and its replicas are other examples of unsuccessful attempts. Genswein [3] described a cyclic fluid method to draw energy from the interaction with gravity, but the initial fluid velocity v 0 = (2gh 0 ) 1/2 {[3] p, 2 lines 10 - 15) is wrong, it should be vo = (gh 0 } 1/2 . because the effective head of water in a cylinder or rectangular box of height ho is Mho, cf, Emid [4], in accordance with the theory of Maicherek [5, 6], confirmed by experiments.
A perpetual machine is impossible according to the law of energy conservation [7], There are many patent applications claiming perpetual motion which turned out to be inoperable. The United States Patent and Trademark Office {USPTO] decided not to grant such patents without a working mode! [7], Gravity power piants are proposed [8, 9] without a working model; [8, 9] are discussed in the last section.
Description of the inventive steps
The differential gravity power generator (D6PG) is described with an exemplar Fig. 1 depicting a rectangular box with corners 1 to 4 (bottom), 5 to 8 (top), length L = distance 1 - 2, width W = distance 1 -4 and height H - distance 1 - 5. H is called (gross) head, The box is divided by a slanted plane (2, 3, 5, B) into two triangular wedges T 1 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, B) and T 2 (2, 3, S, 6, 7, 8). In the sianted plane there are two openings, A above, near the surface and B below, near the bottom. The box is fi!ied with water as non -viscous incompressible fiuid. The water is, but not necessarily, under atmospheric pressure and is subject to earth's gravity with strength g = 9,8 m/s 2 , which is attractive downward, it follows from the geometry, calculus and the definition of potential energy relative to its reference point B, cf. [4] that the effective head for both with respect to 8, So there is a difference of 34H of effective head of T 2 over T 1 , causing a fiow from T 2 to T 1 through 8 below. From the continuity equation this causes a flow of equal water quantity from T 1 to T 2 through A above. Therefore, due to the different energetic effects of the gravitational field on the top up T, and the top down T 2 , a fluid conserving, differential gravity power generator is created. This principle can be applied to two, or more, water bodies, in various forms and configurations.
it is noted that the name "gravity power generator" in the literature applies to ail hydropower plants based on hydraulic head. The addition ''differential" is specific for the method. Furthermore, the water in the box is not a conservative system, as it is in interaction with the earth through the gravity. The energy within the box need not be conserved, the energy of the box + earth is conserved.
Experiments have been done with a rectangular box (of multiply concrete casing). L = W = 0.18 m, H = 0,6 m, slanted plane 0.18 x 0.62 m, diameters of A and 8: 18 mm. The capacity P, net capacity of the water and the resistance R of the embodiment are: with Q = p (0.008pv, g = 9.8 m/s 2 . P = 0,8 Watt. R depends on factors like roughness, site and shape of the materials, speed of water flow, length and diameter of tubes if any, Observation: Stationary state is established in 2 minutes after fiiling the box. A laminar flow is observed from 14 to T 2 through gate A, with initial flow velocities of about 2 cm/s in the center of the fiow, demonstrating that the model works. in practice to harness the energy difference between T 1 and T 2 , while minimizing the loss of kinetic energy, the most appropriate way is to install a buib turbine-generator at gate B. This reaction type turbine-generator strips off the kinetic energy from the tail- water that flows into 14 and converts It into pressure head helping to run the turbine. The fiow at A becomes slow, so there is less dissipation of kinetic energy into heat
it is noted that time evolution studies belong to relaxations studies [10], which is outside the scope of the invention, though results wiii be mentioned in the applications. Some aspects of the model are mentioned here, with details in next section:
1. T 1 and T 2 need not be of the same form, nor of the same volume,
2, The capacity P can be enhanced by making B bigger, H higher and by using a solution [11]. The embodiment can be fixed above ground, dig in or submerged e, g. in natural or hydro lake, it can also be configured as ship engine. The method is fluid conserving, no need for a hydro lake or dam, it can be applied in cold ciimate by adding antifreeze.
3. Other fluids can be used, like liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), enclosed and under pressure. On earth this would contribute to the solution of the CO 2 problem. On Mars with more than 95% CO 2 in its atmosphere, this would provide ample power for future Martians. Prefabricated embodiments can be sent to Mars prior to manned missions.
4, The method explains the benefit of pyramid homes.
Short description of Fig, 1
Fig, 1. A box, divided into T 1 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8} and T 2 {2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8} by plane [2, 3, 5, 8} with openings A above and 8 be!ow. Height H is distance 1-5, length k is distance 1-2 and width W is distance 1-4. The box is filled with an incompressible fluid and Is subject to gravity. The difference in effective head of T 2 . over T 1 is⅓H, resulting in a cyclic fluid motion from T 2 to T 1 through B and from h to T 2 through A.
Preferred applications
1. T 1 T 2 - model as in Fig. 1 and other configurations.
Second example. The rectangular box is of glass [aquarium], with L = W - 0.3 m, H - 0,4 m, slanted plane of concrete casing 0.3 x 0.58 m. 8; 0 22 mm, A; 0 12 mm. The initial flow is about I cm/s during 45 minutes. The long time evolution of the flow is between 2 -- 8 mm/s with diurnal variation, experimental duration was one week.
Third example. To mimic Boyle's self-flowing flask [2], T 2 : H = 0.6 m, L = 0.4 m, W = 0.25 m and T . : H = 0.6 m, L - 0.14 m and W = 3.5 cm. The common plane of T 1 and T 2 is now vertical, A: 0 8 mm, B: 0 25 mm, distance A - B is 0.5 m. Material: concrete casing. Observation: In the stationary state the initiai flow velocity is between 2 - 3 cm/s, largest at the center of the flow. After half an hour the flow slows down to 1 - 5 mm/s with diurnal variation, experimental duration: one week, This is a working Boyle's seif-flowing flask [2], Other examples are: top up cone Ci {of height H, effective head XH) and top down cone C 2 (effective head ¾H), or top up pyramid Pa (effective head XH) and top down pyramid P 2 (effective head ¾H) or combination thereof can be used. A cylinder or a rectangular box has an effective head ½H. It follows that the effective head of a C1C2 or PiP 2 combination is XH, the same [4] as for traditional (flow through) hydro power plant.
2. Capacity P for a TYP configuration.
H = L = W, effective head⅓H, p - 10 3 kg/m 3 , g = 9,8 m/s 2 , Q = B (¾ g H) 1/2 , choosing for 8 = 0.09 H 2 . The density p can be enhanced by 5 to 3.0 times by using a solution, see [11] for a suitable choice of solutes.
For comparison: Biggest wind turbine to date is 10 MW, gas turbine 571 MW, steam turbine 1750 MW/GP. Arabeile 1700 and marine engine 81 MW/Wartsila TRA 96 [12], Fig. 1 can be modified for ship propulsion, with 8 relocated to piane (2, 3, 6, 7) just above One (2, 3) and an opening C made in piane (1, 4, 5, 8), just above !ine (1, 4), A remains as is. The embodiment is submerged in the ocean, which has an effective head XH [4J. Consequently, water fiows from T 2 to the ocean through opening B, overhead XH, from the ocean to T 1 through opening C, overhead XH, and from T 1 through opening A to T ? . at the same water level. The total thrust is XH, so Table 1 can also be used for the capacity of this ship engine. The smallest ship engine would be just T 2 with overhead of XH over the ocean water and can serve as bow thruster. For the propulsion of big tankers like Emma Maarsk [12] 111 MW is needed. A series of T 1 T 2 pairs can be used to keep H within acceptable values, see table 1.
3. Use of other fluids, like liquid CGz at temperatures > - 55° C. For suitable pressures see the phase diagram of CO 2 in the literature. The importance for application on earth and on Mars is already mentioned in the description.
4. The beneficial effect of pyramid home, height H, is due to the difference of the effective air head of the surroundings (½H) and the effective air head in the top up pyramid |¾H). The differentia! head is ¼H. The density of air is 800 times smaller than that of water. The capacity Pair = 0.6 Watt. For H = 10 m Pair = 1.9 kW, for H - 15 m P air = 7,8 kW for quiet fresh air circulation through the pyramid home, contributing to the ambient comfort. This occurs even during wind stillness.
Discussion
Assad mentioned [8] p. 2 "How invention works: The water fail from valve under tank and make shield motion". At end of p. 2: "Water Return Rising by one way valves and by inverslng Power with shield". Comment: 1. One-way valves do not rise the water, only prevent back flow, 2. "The shieid is moved by the failing water, then inversely the shield motion is used to rise the water". Comment: Even if it works this kind of pump storage method costs more energy than it produces and it is not used in the application.
Moneada Rodriguez, in {9] p. 6 claim 1 lines 2-18, used a cylindrical tank, with conical bottom, as hydraullc head, connected to a U shaped tube, one end at tank bottom, other end at the side inlet at the water ievei of the tank. Comment: 1. Effective head of a cylinder is the same as that of the small tube aside the cylinder, so there wili be no flow (communicating vessels with equal effective heads). 2. FIG. 4 - Section 3 p. 6 Sines 37-42: a second propeller in the left leg of the U-tube rotates an interconnecting cable to drive the impe!ier to pump the water back in the tank. Comment: This is a kind of pump storage that is not used in the application.
it is emphasized that the comments do not questioned the validity of the inventions (8, 9], but only point out the different methods they used, which are not borrowed by the application, it is concluded that (8, 9] are not relevant prior arts for the present Invention. NOTE related to the written opinion of the international soared report SN73827
Mo change needs to he made in the text of the application, as Justified below.
Item VI, 1.1 D1(US20130Q62887A1), D2(W02010017607A2+A3), D3(WO2O04O94816 Al) The written opinion is wrong, as the embodiment is in Interaction (strength P, Eq.1) with earth. It is not an isolated system, see page 2 lines 11 - 13, The first law of Thermodynamics, stating that the energy of an Isolated system is constant, does not apply to the case. Consequently, the written opinion item V 1 and 1,1 should be rejected as being mistaken and invalid comments. Moreover, the last sentence in item V 1.1 incorrectly cites: "continuous " which is not present in the cited page 3 lines 17 - 18. item V 2; Dl f 02 and D3 compared to 04 (application!, Capacity: P ~ Q p g H:
D1: inventive step Is changing g at different parts of the water, by diffraction of presumed outgoing earths gravity wave, There is no cross-reference (cf. D1} validating the assumption. But even if such a wave (by static earth) would exist, then still the inventive step of D1 differs from that in D4, D4 creates different effective heads,⅓ H in Ti and⅔ H in T 2 page 2 lines 1 - 8.
D2; its international search report states: "no meaningful international search can be carried out". However, Figs, 1-3 can be recognized as communicating vessels Vl(l) and V2(7 + vertical part of 3), connected below by the horizontal pipe with valve S and turbine 6, above connected with 180° bend of (3) providing equal air pressure of unknown X atm. on V1 and V2. As the effective head of box VI or cylinder V2 is H height, cf. D4 page 1 iines 15-16 and |4-6], so after opening of valve S the motion will stop at equal water level In VI and V2, as is well known. Whereas in 04 water flows from T* through A to T^for some time, as reported on page 2 lines 22 - 24 and page 3 iines 21 - 31.
D3 is already discussed on page 5 Sines 15-20. That position is maintained.
Working models: D1, D2 and D3: None. D4: Yes, several.
Finally; As test of the smallest ship engine, page 4 line 31, experiments were done with a funnel as C 2 , page 4 line 1. and 2. At water ievel: Inlets 2x7 ø 2cm (with momentum compensation). Horizontal outlet ø 12 mm below in funnel shaft, opening of shaft end is taped off. Funnel height 18 cm, opening ø = 28 cm, material: plastic (floats in water). Observation: Funnel moves in opposite direction as the outlet, which is proof of concept. REMARK regarding gravitational waves
With regard to the assumption of gravitational waves in Dl, page 6 lines 4, 11-46., experts stated that gravitational waves of the earth is far too smali to be measureab!e with existing instruments, see e,g [15]. The earth Sacks of mass and aeceleration/spinning rate to create gravitational waves. Therefore, the assumption makes no sense at ail.
References
[1] Bhaskara II (1150), https://en.wikipedia.org/wski/Bhaskara4 wheel.
[2] Boyle's self-flowing flask (1685), https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Robert Boyle.
[3] Genswein A., Kreisprozess zur Gewinnung technischer Arbeit aus deni Schwerkraftfeld (Gravitationsfe!d} der Erde, DE 3716093 Al, 28 January 1988,
[4] Emid $., High capacity factor hydro power plant with variable intake,
Nl 1041539, application October 20 2015, publication date 10 May 2017.
[5] Maicherek A., History of the Torricelli Principle and a New Outflow Theory,
J. HydraoL Eng. 2016, 142(11}, 1-7.
[6] Maicherek A,, Die irriumtiche Her!eittmg der Tornceiii-Eormel aus der
Bernoulii-Gleichung, WasserWirtschaft 2/3 (2016} 75-80.
[7] https://en.wikipedla.org/wiki/Perpetua1 motion.
[8] Assad, Beshara, Plant for generation of electricity from force of gravity,
WO 2004/094816 Al, 4 November 2004,
[9] Moncada Rodriguez O. E., Water gravity loop power plant (W6LPP)
US 9677536 B2, 13 June 2017.
[10] Redfield A. G., https://en, Wikipedia, org/wikf/Redfield equation,
[11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiubiiity table,
[12] https://en, Wikipedia, org/wlki/Emma Masrsk
[13] S. Emid, Differential gravity power generator, NL 1043242, application date
26 April 2019, of which this PCT application is a faithful copy, Priority call 1.
[14] S. Emid, Carbon dioxide power generation, NL 1043369, application date
18 September 2019. Priority call 2.
[15] Sources and Types of Gravitational Waves, ligo.caltech.edu/page/gw-sources.