BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0001] The subject matter disclosed herein relates to a direct drive unit compressor system and, more particularly, to centrifugal speed-governing system for a direct drive compressor system.

[0002] Many goods need to be transported in a cargo space that is supplied with a stream of conditioned air. Typically, this conditioned air is refrigerated, but it may also or alternatively be heated. In order to achieve acceptable temperature uniformity within the cargo space, a jet of supply air is created that will ideally persist through the extent of the cargo space. This jet is often generated by a motorized fan that is fluidly receptive of cooled or heated air from a compressor of a transport refrigeration unit (TRU).

[0003] In a direct drive type of TRU, the compressor is driven by the engine of the truck by way of a belt. When the truck engine speed varies, however, the compressor speed varies and the cooling capacity of the TRU varies as well. At idle speed, the cooling capacity of the TRU may thus be very low and a time required to recover a refrigeration or cooling set point can be long.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0004] According to one aspect of the disclosure, a system is provided and includes a power generation unit, a direct drive unit and a speed- governed transmission unit. The power generation unit includes a first power transfer device operable at varying speed modes based on current engine output. The direct drive unit includes a second power transfer device that is operable at varying speed modes based on current driven element requirements. The speed-governed transmission unit is coupled to the first and second power transfer devices and is configured to transmit power generated by the power generation unit to the direct drive unit in proximate satisfaction of the current driven element requirements and in proximate independence of the current engine output.

[0005] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the power generating unit includes a truck engine. [0006] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the direct drive unit includes a compressor.

[0007] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the first power transfer device includes a first crank- shaft, which is rotatable about a first rotational axis, and the second power transfer device includes a second crank-shaft, which is rotatable about a second rotational axis.

[0008] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the first crank shaft rotates about the first rotational axis at a rotational speed based on the current engine output, and the second crank shaft is rotatable about the second rotational axis at a rotational speed based on the current driven element requirements. [0009] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the speed- governed transmission unit includes first and second gear assemblies of varying size disposed on the first and second crank-shafts, respectively, and a belt disposed to engage with the first and second gear assemblies.

[0010] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the speed- governed transmission unit includes a belt, first and second sets of hub gears of varying size disposed on the first and second crank-shafts, respectively, and first and second mech elements disposed to guide the belt between selected ones of the hub gears of the first and second sets of hub gears, respectively.

[0011] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the first set of hub gears includes four individual hub gears of increasing diameter, and the second set of hub gears includes four individual hub gears of decreasing diameter. [0012] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the speed- governed transmission unit is configured to transmit a substantially constant level of power to the direct drive unit.

[0013] According to another aspect of the disclosure, a direct drive unit compressor system is provided and includes an engine, a compressor, a power generation unit that includes a first power transfer device operable at varying speed modes based on a current output of the engine, a direct drive unit that includes a second power transfer device that is operable at varying speed modes based on current requirements of the compressor and a speed- governed transmission unit. The speed- governed transmission unit is coupled to the first and second power transfer devices and is configured to transmit power generated by the power generation unit to the direct drive unit in proximate satisfaction of the current requirements of the compressor and in proximate independence of the current output of the engine.

[0014] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the power generating unit includes a truck engine.

[0015] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the direct drive unit includes a compressor of an air conditioning system.

[0016] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the first power transfer device includes a first crank- shaft, which is rotatable about a first rotational axis, and the second power transfer device includes a second crank-shaft, which is rotatable about a second rotational axis.

[0017] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the first crank shaft rotates about the first rotational axis at a rotational speed based on the current output of the engine, and the second crank shaft is rotatable about the second rotational axis at a rotational speed based on the current requirements of the compressor.

[0018] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the speed- governed transmission unit includes first and second gear assemblies of varying size disposed on the first and second crank-shafts, respectively, and a belt disposed to engage with the first and second gear assemblies.

[0019] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the speed- governed transmission unit includes a belt, first and second sets of hub gears of varying size disposed on the first and second crank-shafts, respectively, and first and second mech elements disposed to guide the belt between selected ones of the hub gears of the first and second sets of hub gears, respectively.

[0020] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the first set of hub gears includes four individual hub gears of increasing diameter, and the second set of hub gears includes four individual hub gears of decreasing diameter.

[0021] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the speed- governed transmission unit is configured to transmit a substantially constant level of power to the direct drive unit.

[0022] According to yet another aspect of the disclosure, a method of operating a direct drive unit compressor system is provided. The method includes determining a current output of a power generation unit in terms of an operational speed mode of a first power transfer device, determining current requirements of a direct drive unit in terms of an operational speed mode of a second power transfer device and controlling a speed- governed transmission unit by which power generated by the power generation unit is transmitted to the direct drive unit based on the respective operational speed modes of the first and second power transfer devices to thereby proximately satisfy the current requirements of the direct drive unit proximately independently of the current output of the power generation unit.

[0023] In accordance with additional or alternative embodiments, the method further includes controlling the speed-governed transmission unit to transmit a substantially constant level of power to the direct drive unit.

[0024] These and other advantages and features will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The subject matter, which is regarded as the disclosure, is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features, and advantages of the disclosure are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

[0026] FIG. 1 is a side view of a truck in accordance with embodiments;

[0027] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation of a direct drive unit of the truck of FIG. 1; [0028] FIG. 3 is a side view of gearing and a mech unit of a speed- governed transmission unit in accordance with alternative embodiments;

[0029] FIG. 4 is a side view of gearing and a mech unit of a speed- governed transmission unit in accordance with alternative embodiments; and

[0030] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of operating a direct drive compressor system.

[0031] The detailed description explains embodiments of the disclosure, together with advantages and features, by way of example with reference to the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE [0032] As will be described below, speed-governing transmission unit may be used in a direct drive unit compressor system in order to maintain an operational speed of the compressor independent of an operational speed of an engine powering the direct drive unit compressor system.

[0033] With reference to FIG. 1, an air supply system 10 is provided for use with a truck 1 or a cargo transportation vehicle. As shown in FIG. 1, the truck 1 may include a rig 2 that is formed of a cab portion 21 having an engine and a cabin in which a driver and one or more passengers can sit and a flat-bed portion 22, a trailer 4, a TRU 5 and a plurality of axle and wheel assemblies 6 that are provided along a longitudinal axis of the rig 2 and the trailer 4. The flat-bed portion 22 extends in the aft direction from a rear of the cab portion 21 and has an upper surface on which a front end of the trailer 4 can securely sit. The plurality of axle and wheel assemblies 6 may be provided as components of the rig 2 and the trailer 4.

[0034] The trailer 4 is a generally elongate, rectangular body or enclosure and includes a bottom wall 40, a top wall 41 opposite the bottom wall 40, opposed sidewalls 42 that extend substantially vertically between the bottom and top walls 40 and 41, a front end wall 43 and a rear end wall 44. The front and rear end walls 43 and 44 oppose one another and extend substantially vertically between the bottom and top walls 40 and 41 and substantially horizontally between the sidewalls 42. The trailer 4 may be substantially hollow and thus capable of storage of any type of cargo with the bottom wall 40, the top wall 41, the sidewalls 42 and the front and rear end walls 43 and 44 defining an interior 45. The rear end wall 44, for example, may include a hatch by which the interior 45 is accessible.

[0035] With continued reference to FIG. 1 and with additional reference to FIG. 2, the TRU 5 is generally configured to generate a jet of fluid flow to either cool or heat the interior 45 of the trailer 4 and may be provided at various positions relative to the interior 45. For purposes of clarity and brevity, however, the following description will relate only to the case of the TRU 5 being mounted on the rig 2 and thus provided at the front end wall 43 of the trailer 4 with access to the interior 45 by way of an opening 46 defined in the front end wall 4. The TRU 5 may include a compressor 20. That is, the TRU 5 may include a fan or impeller, a motor to drive the fan or impeller to rotate about a rotational axis and a duct in which the fan or impeller is seated to direct fluid flow generated by rotations of the fan or impeller toward the interior 45 as air conditioning.

[0036] As shown in FIG. 2, the air supply system 10 further includes a direct drive unit compressor system 30. The compressor system 30 includes an engine 31 (e.g., the engine of the truck 1 within the cab portion 21 of FIG. 1), the compressor 20, a power generation unit 40, a direct drive unit 50 and a speed-governed transmission unit 60. The engine 31 can be provided as a standalone component or as a component of the power generation unit 40, which, in either case, further includes a first power transfer device 41. The first power transfer device 41 is coupled to the engine 31 and is operable at varying speed modes 41 _1; 41 ₂ , 41 ₃ and 41 ₄ , for example, based on a current (i.e., present) output of the engine 31 (although the varying speed modes 41 _1; 41 ₂ , 41 ₃ and 41 ₄ , are illustrated in FIG. 2 as being discrete it is to be understood that the varying speed modes can be continuously variable or discrete). The compressor 20 can be provided as a standalone component or as a component of the direct drive unit 50, which, in either case, further includes a second power transfer device 51. The second power transfer device 51 is coupled to the compressor 20 and is operable at varying speed modes 51 _1; 51 ₂ , 51 ₃ and 51 ₄ , for example, based on current (i.e., present) requirements of the compressor 20 (although the varying speed modes 51 _1; 51 ₂ , 51 ₃ and 51 ₄ , are illustrated in FIG. 2 as being discrete it is to be understood that the varying speed modes can be continuously variable or discrete). The speed-governed transmission unit 60 is coupled to the first and second power transfer devices 41 and 51 and is configured to transmit power generated by the power generation unit 40 (e.g., the engine 31) to the direct drive unit 50 (e.g., the compressor 20) in proximate satisfaction of the current requirements of the compressor 20 and in proximate independence of the current output of the engine 31.

[0037] That is, as an operational speed of the engine 31 increases, the speed- governed transmission unit 60 is operably controlled to continually or discretely decrease or maintain an amount of power that is transmitted to the compressor 20 in order to drive operations of the compressor 20 and, by contrast, as the operational speed of the engine 31 decreases, the speed-governed transmission unit 60 is operably controlled to continuously or discretely increase or maintain an amount of power that is transmitted to the compressor 20 in order to drive operations of the compressor 20. In accordance with further embodiments, as the operational speed of the engine 31 changes, the speed-governed transmission unit 60 is operably controlled to maintain a substantially constant amount of power that is transmitted to the compressor 20 in order to drive operations of the compressor 20 at or near the current requirements thereof. Thus, if the compressor 20 has a certain power rating, the speed-governed transmission unit 60 is capable of facilitating operations of the compressor 20 at that power rating independent of a current output of the engine 31 (i.e., the current operational speed of the engine 31). As such, even if the engine 31 is idling and therefore generating relatively little power, the speed-governed transmission unit 60 can still transmit sufficient power to the compressor 20 in order to maintain continued operations thereof.

[0038] In accordance with embodiments, the first power transfer device 41 may include a first crank-shaft 410, which is rotatable about a first rotational axis at a first rotational speed that corresponds with an operational speed and current output of the engine 31, and the second power transfer device 51 may include a second crankshaft 510, which is rotatable about a second rotational axis at a second rotational speed that can be set based on the current requirements of the compressor 20. These requirements may be varied based on current conditions of the interior 45 of the trailer 4 or substantially constant. In the former case, the second rotational speed of the crank-shaft 510 about the second rotational axis would need to be continuously or discretely variable and, in the latter case, the second rotational speed may be correspondingly substantially constant.

[0039] With continued reference to FIG. 2, the speed-governed transmission unit 60 may include a first gear assembly 601 of a continually varying size that is operably disposed on the first crank-shaft 410, a second gear assembly 602 of a continually varying size that is disposed on the second crank-shaft 510 and a belt 61 that is disposed to engage with the first and second gear assemblies 601 and 602.

[0040] At a low engine 31 speed, the first gear assembly 601 is narrowed and thus guides the belt 61 into a relatively large-diameter engagement. This large- diameter engagement locally slows the belt 61 down and causes the second gear assembly 602 to widen to thereby guide the belt 61 into a relatively small-diameter engagement that locally speeds the belt 61 up such that an operational speed of the compressor 20 is maintained. As the operational speed of the engine 31 increases, the first gear assembly 601 correspondingly widens such that local speeds of the belt 61 increase which results in the second gear assembly 602 narrowing such that local speeds of the belt 61 decrease such that the operational speed of the compressor 20 remains substantially constant.

[0041] In accordance with alternative embodiments and, with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the speed- governed transmission unit 60 may include the belt 61, a first set of hub gears 62, a second set of hub gears 63, a first mech element 64 and a second mech element 65. The first set of hub gears 62 includes a number of individual hub gears 620 (e.g., four individual hub gears 620) of varying size that are respectively disposed on the first crank-shaft 410. The second set of hub gears 63 includes a number of individual hub gears 630 (e.g., four individual hub gears 630) that are respectively disposed on the second crank-shaft 510. The first mech element 64 may be provided as a derailler, for example, and is disposed to guide the belt 61 between respective engagements with selected ones of the individual hub gears 620 of the first set of hub gears 62. The second mech element 65 may also be provided as a derailler, for example, and is disposed to guide the belt 61 between respective engagements with selected ones of the individual hub gears 630 of the second set of hub gears 63.

[0042] Thus, at a low engine 31 speed, the first mech element 64 guides the belt 61 into engagement with a largest-diameter individual hub gear 620 and the second mech element 65 guides the belt 61 into engagement with a smallest-diameter individual hub gear 630 to maintain an operational speed of the compressor 20 at a predefined speed (e.g., a speed that is consistent with the power rating of the compressor 20). Meanwhile, as the engine 31 speeds up, the first mech element 64 guides the belt 61 into sequential engagements with sequentially decreasing diameter individual hub gears 620 and the second mech element 65 guides the belt 61 into sequential engagements with sequentially increasing diameter individual hub gears 630 in order to maintain the operational speed of the compressor 20 at the predefined speed.

[0043] With reference to FIG. 5, a method of operating a direct drive unit compressor system as described above is provided. The method includes determining a current output of the power generation unit 40 in terms of an operational speed mode of a first power transfer device 41 (block 501), determining current requirements of the direct drive unit 50 in terms of an operational speed mode of a second power transfer device 51 (block 502) and controlling the speed- governed transmission unit 60 based on the respective operational speed modes of the first and second power transfer devices (block 503) to thereby proximately satisfy the current requirements of the direct drive unit 50 proximately independently of the current output of the power generation unit 40. The determining of blocks 501 and 502 and the controlling of block 503 may be conducted or accomplished by the first and second gear assemblies 601 and 602 (see FIG. 2) with the need for additional controls or by way of a controller 504 (see FIGS. 3 and 4) that is operably coupled to the first and second power transfer devices 41 and 51 and to the speed- governed transmission unit 60.

[0044] Using the speed-governed transmission unit 60 described herein, will permit compressor operations at speeds that are higher than would otherwise be possible during engine idling periods. The TRU 5 will therefore have greater capacity at idle or low engine speeds and it will be relatively easy to recover a temperature set point within the interior 45 of the trailer 4 and to maintain a more constant temperature therein. In addition, the speed-governed transmission unit 60 will prevent or avoid large and quick variations of compressor speeds, so reliability of the compressor 20 will be improved.

[0045] While the disclosure is provided in detail in connection with only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood that the disclosure is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the disclosure can be modified to incorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions or equivalent arrangements not heretofore described, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Additionally, while various embodiments of the disclosure have been described, it is to be understood that the exemplary embodiment(s) may include only some of the described exemplary aspects. Accordingly, the disclosure is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description, but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.