| WO/1995/000613 | CLEANING AND DISINFECTING AGENT |
| JP2013518138 | Low volatile organic compound system |
| JPS5643398 | DETERGENT COMPOSITION |
DATABASE WPI Week 199348, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1993-377997
DATABASE WPI Week 199144, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1991-321783
DATABASE WPI Week 199550, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1995-390840
| 1. | Dispersant, Degreasing Biodegradable composition, characterized in that comprises : A. From 1 % to 30% of vegetal oils ; B. From 2% to 25% of Polyethoxilated Lauryl Alcohol ; C. From 0.5% to 20% of p. mentadienes; D. From 0.5% to 25% of animal oils ; E. From 5 to 40% of an organic solvent ; F. From 0.2 to 20% of glycol ; G. From 2% to 50% of detergent; and H. From 11 % to 90% of water. |
| 2. | Dispersant, Degreasing Biodegradable composition, according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition can be employed for cleaning three different types of oil contamination: for hard cleaning the composition is to be diluted to up to 1: 3, for intermediate cleaning, the dilution rate comprises 1: 5 and for easy cleaning the dilution comprises 1: 10 parts of oil in relation to parts of water. |
| 3. | Dispersant, Degreasing Biodegradable composition, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the content of vegetal oil comprises from 0% to 20% of castor oil, from 0% to 15% of pine oil and from 0% to 15% of limonen, separately or mixtures thereof. |
| 4. | Dispersant, Degreasing Biodegradable composition, according to any one of previous claims, characterized in that the composition can be used hot at temperatures no greater than 90°C, or the composition can be used at low temperatures. |
| 5. | Dispersant, Degreasing Biodegradable composition, according to any one of previous claims, characterized in that the composition is to be used by immersion, spraying, or scouring. |
| 6. | Dispersant, Degreasing Biodegradable composition, according to any one of previous claims, characterized in that the composition can be recycled after the dispersion and suspension of the oil in the storage tank is completed. |
| 7. | Dispersant, Degreasing Biodegradable composition, according to any one of previous claims, characterized in that the composition does not cause damage to light metals of metal alloys. |
| 8. | Dispersant, Degreasing Biodegradable composition, according to any one of previous claims, characterized in that the composition can be used for cleaning slurries from oil storage tanks, for remove obstructions from oil ducts, for oily water/oil separation, for oil waste first treatment, for drilling probe cleaning, for screen and filter cleaning, for offshore drilling platform cleaning, for treating oil waste and offshore oil spilling. |
| 9. | Dispersant, Degreasing Biodegradable composition, according to any one of previous claims, characterized in that the composition can be used for engine cleaning and for cleaning ship and plane turbines. |
| 10. | Dispersant, Degreasing Biodegradable composition characterized in that the composition is a mixture comprising from 0.5% to20% of p. mentadienes and from 5% to 20% based on the total of water in the composition; in the next step, from 1 % to 30% of vegetal oils, from 2% to 25% of polyethoxilated lauryl alcohol, 0. 5% to 25% of animal oil, from 5% to 40% of organinc solvent, from 0.2 to 50% of glycol, from 2 to 50% of a detergent agent and water. AMENDED CLAIMS [Received by the International Bureau on 13 JAN 2004 (13.01. 04) ; original claims 1, 11,20, 28,29 and 33, amended ; original claims 4,14 and 23, cancelled] 1. A tellurite glass composition suitable for optical fibers, characterized in that the glass composition includes 4. 12 mole % of at least one alkalihalide XY for increasing its thermal stability range, X being selected from the group of K, Rb, Cs and Fr and Y being selected from the group of F, Cl, Br and I. |
| 11. | 2 The glass composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkalihalide XY is selected from the group of KI, Cs ! and CsCl. |
| 12. | 3 The glass composition according to claim 2, characterized in that the alkalihalide XY is CsCl. |
| 13. | 4 The glass composition according to any of previous claims, characterized in that the glass composition includes 9. 11 mole % of the alkalihalide XY. |
| 14. | The glass composition according to any of previous claims, characterized in that the glass composition includes an oxide of a rare earth metal ion in the lanthanide series. |
| 15. | The glass composition according to claim 5, characterized in that the lanthanide oxide is Er203. |
| 16. | The glass composition according to any of previous claims, characterized in that the glass composition includes up to 40 mole % of Li20. |
| 17. | The glass composition according to any of previous claims, characterized in that the glass composition essentially consists of (in mole °/n) : 55. 90 % TeO 4. 12 % XY; O. 35% ZnO; 0. 35 % RQO, where R is at least one element selected from the group of Na, Li, K, Rb, Cs; and 0. 20 % BizO3, the amounts of ZnO, R20 and Bi203 each being larger than zero. |
| 18. | The glass composition according to any of claims 1. 7, characterized in that the glass composition essentially consists of (in mole %) : 15. 85% TeOz ; 4. 12 % XY ; 5. 55 % WOg ; 0. 5. 40% R2O, where R is at least one element selected from the group of Na, Li, K, Rb, Cs; and 0. 15 % NbaOs. |
| 19. | An optical fiber (10) comprising a core (12) surrounded by at least one cladding (14), characterized in that at least one of the core and the cladding is at least partly formed of a tellurite glass composition including 4. 12 mole % of at least one alkallhalide XY for increasing its thermal stability range, X being selected from the group of K, Rb, Cs and Fr and Y being selected from the group of F, Cl, Br and I. |
| 20. | The optical fiber according to claim 10, characterized in that the alkalihalide XY is selected from the group of KI CsI and CsCl. |
| 21. | The optical fiber according to claim 11, characterized in that the alkalihalide XY is CsCl. |
| 22. | The optical fiber according to any of claims 10. 12, characterized in that the glass composition includes 9. 11 mole % of the alkalihalide XY. |
| 23. | The optical fiber according to any of claims 10. 13, characterized in that the glass composition includes up to 40 mole % of Li2O. |
| 24. | The optical fiber according to any of claims 10. 14, characterized in that the refractive index of the core (12) and/or the cladding (14) is controlled by a substance selected from the group of Nb2O5 and Bi2O3. |
| 25. | The optical fiber according to any of claims 10. 15, characterized in that the glass composition essentially consists of (in mole 55. 90% Te02 ; 4. 12% XY ; 0. 35 % ZnO ; 0. 35 % R20, where R is at least one element selected from the group of Na, Li, K, Rb, Cs; and 0. 20 % Bi2O3, the amounts of ZnO, R20 and Bizou each being larger than zero. |
| 26. | The optical fiber according to any of claims 10. 15, characterized in that the glass composition essentially consists of (in mole %) : 15. 85% TeO2 ; 4. 12% XY ; XY; 5. 55% WO3 ; 0.5. 40% R20, where R is at least one element selected. from the group of Na, Li, K, Rb, Cs; and 0. 15% Nb2O5. |
| 27. | An optical amplifier (20) including an optical amplifier fiber (28) comprising a core surrounded by at least one cladding, characterized in that at least one of the core and the cladding is at least partly formed of a tellurite glass composition including 4. 12 mole % of at least one alkalihalide XY for increasing its thermal stability range, X being selected from the group of K, Rb, Cs and Fr and Y being selected from the group of F, Cl, Br and I. |
| 28. | The optical amplifier according to claim 18, characterized in that the alkalihalide XY is selected from the group of KI, CsI and CsCl. |
| 29. | The optical amplifier according to claim 19, characterized in that the alkalihalide XY is CsCl. |
| 30. | The optical amplifier according to any of claims 18. 20, characterized in that the glass composition includes 9. 11 mole % of the alkalihalide XY. |
| 31. | The optical amplifier according to any of claims 18. 21, characterized in that the glass composition includes an oxide of a rare earth metal ion in the lanthanide series. |
| 32. | The optical amplifier according to claim 22, characterized in that the lanthanide oxide is Er203. |
| 33. | The optical amplifier according to any of claims 18. 23, characterized in that the glass composition includes up to 40 mole % of LimO. |
| 34. | A laser device (30) including an optical amplifier fiber (38), characterized in that the optical amplifier fiber is at least partly formed of a tellurite glass composition including 4. 12 mole % of at least one alkalihalide XY for increasing its thermal stability range, X being selected from the group of K, Rb, Cs and Fr and Y being selected from the group of F, Cl, Br and I. |
| 35. | A method of manufacturing an optical fiber characterized by the steps of : mixing together glass. forming substances including Te02 and 4. 12 mole % of at least one alkalihalide XY for increasing the thermal stability, X being selected from the group of K, Rb, Cs or Fr and Y being selected from the group of F, Cl, Br or I ; heating the glass. forming mixture, whereby a glass melt is formed ; and drawing an optical fiber core rod from the melt at a predetermined drawing temperature. |
| 36. | The method according to claim 26, characterized by the further steps of : forming a clad tube from the glass melt; inserting the core rod into the clad tube, whereby a preform is formed; and drawing an optical fiber from the preform. |
| 37. | The method according to claim 27) characterized in that the step of forming a clad tube in turn comprises the steps of : arranging the glass melt in the interior of a silica tube ; and separating the clad tube from the silica tube by cooling. |
| 38. | The method according to any of claims 26. 28, characterized by the further step of : doping the glass melt used to draw the core rod with a predetermined amount of an oxide of a rare earth metal ion in the lanthanide series. |
| 39. | A method of manufacturing an optical fiber from a glass forming mixture including Te02, characterized by the steps of : adding 4. 12 mole % of an alkalihalide XY to the mixture for increasing the thermal stability range of the glass, X being selected from the group of K, Rb, Cs and Fr and Y being selected from the group of F, Cl, Br and I; and drawing, at a predetermined drawing temperature, an optical fiber element from the mixture. |
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Diesel oil and kerosene are presently used for cleaning oil tanks; an operation for cleaning an oil tank having a 40 meters diameter involves approximately 20 workers. In view of the high toxity of such products, cleaning operation comprises a very harzardous task. Workers are exposed to toxic vapours during all the cleaning procedure which takes from 20 days to 30 days to be accomplished. In several cases, serious damages to human health are observed. Workers should be employed in health safe operations.
Some degreasing dispersant compositions are used as a solvent as disclosed in the US 5, 302, 320 and US 6,281, 189 patent documents. However, such compostions are not useful for cleaning oil tank slurries.
The goal of the present invention is a composition which is good to oil slurry removal. The oil slurry normally impregnates the bottom and sides of the oil tank and the composition of this invention is able to provide a safe, quick and efficient slurry removal.
Oil tank slurries which are formed after several storage and discharge operations are totally eliminated by applying the detergent composition of the invention. This makes a human exposure to toxic products not necessary and the time for cleaning an oil tank is reduced.
Another goal of the present invention is to provide a non toxic, not flammable, neutral, biodegradable composition and contribute for a safe and healthy environment.
Another goal of the present invention is to apply the composition of the invention for clean oil slurry from storage tanks in order to eliminate additional
mechanical operations for withdraw the slurry from storage tanks, oil probes, screen and offshore oil drilling platforms, etc.
Another goal of the present invention is the obtention process of the composition for achieve good results related to slurry cleaning and other hydrocarbons.
Advantages of the present invention composition are as follows : 'The composition is a natural product; Biodegradation ability is 50% greater than other similar products found in the art; Cleaning time of tanks is about to 50% lesser than other similar products, the interruption time of industrial operations is shorten; and The compostion does not cause damage to the skin ; conversely, it makes the skin smooth and silky.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present dispersant, degreasing biodegradable composition comprises: A-From 1 % to 30% of vegetal oils ; B-From 2% to 25% of Polyethoxilated Lauryl Alcohol ; C-From 0.5% to 20% of p-mentadienes; D-From 0.5% to 25% of animal oils ; E-From 5 to 40% of an organic solvent ; F-From 0.2 to 20% of glycol ; G-From 2% to 50% of detergent; and H-From 11 % to 90% of water.
Vegetal oils comprise castor oil, pine oil, limonen oil or mixtures thereof wherein the percent content of such oils ranges as stated below : castor oil from 0%-20%; pine oil from 0%-15%; and limonen oil from 0%-15%.
Animal oils of the invention are employed just when animal fat is to be removed.
The organic solvent participates of the hydrocarbon chain destruction, turning such hydrocarbon chain into small radicals which have a"fat-philic"end while the other end is hidrophilic. Radicals can be obtained from any kind of oil derivatives.
Detergents are employed for general cleaning procedures and comprise: para sulphonates, sodium sulphate lauryl ether, nonyl phenol, Polyethoxilated phenol, etc.
The present dispersant degreasing and biodegradable composition of the present invention can be used for cleaning slurries from oil storage tanks, for remove obstructions from oil ducts, for oily water/oil separation, for oil waste first treatment, for drilling probe cleaning operation, for screen and filter cleaning operation, for offshore drilling platform cleaning operation, for treating oil waste and offshore oil spilling.
Hard, intermediate and easy types of cleaning procedures can be accomplished by using the composition of the present invention: For the hard type, a 1: 3 dilution rate (detergent composition: water) is preferred; for the intermediate type, a preferred dilution type comprises rate of 1: 5, and for the easy type the dilution rate is 1: 10.
Due to the surfactant action, the present composition provides hydrocarbon degradation of oil, fat and grease components and generates small radicals having one"fat-philic" (fat attractive) end and other hydrophilic (water attractive) end.
The composition of the present invention is good to be applied over light metals of metal alloys casting.
When the present composition is added to oil, the dispersed oil migrates to the solution surface (water + detergent composition) due to the polyethoxilated lauryl alcohol action which is enhanced by other additives of the composition.
Vegetal oil content of the present composition does not permit a dry skin effect when human skin is accidentally exposed to the detergent composition.
A process for preparing a dispersant, degreasing biodegradable composition comprises a first step wherein from 0.5% to 20% of p-mentadienes and from 5% to 20% based on the total of water in the composition are mixed; in the next step, from 1 % to 30% of vegetal oils, from 2% to 25% of polyethoxilated lauryl alcohol, 0.5% to 25% of animal oil and from 5% to 40% of a solvent are added to the mixture.
The composition of the present invention is able to be used at high temperatures (about 90°C) and low temperatures by means of immersion, spraying or scouring. Also, the detergent composition can be recycled after the oil be dispersed and suspended from the storage tank.
EXAMPLE In order to make evident the composition effectiveness of the invention, a non limitative example is described. The example refers to a cleaning operation of a oil storage tank: Firstly, all oil content shall be pumped from the storage tank and just the slurry remains on it. Secondly, pure or diluted detergent composition of the invention is added (depending on technical features of the composition) into the storage tank. A minimum eight hours time is permitted for effect all detergent cleaning properties; thus the slurry migrates to the surface and after it is pumped from the storage tank to a waste tank. The next step: residual water containing the composition is stored and recycled for cleaning another tank or for cleaning floors, tools and oil processing-related equipment.
COMPOSITION TESTS In order to make evident the effectiveness of the dispersant, degreasing biodegradable composition some tests are presently shown. Such tests refers to biodegradation, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and oil and grease of the pure product.
Table 1: Biodegradation Test TIME (hours) COD soluble (mg/L) % Dt Average. Tests conducted in Degradation duplicate 0 93 0 20 82 11. 8 24 75 19. 3 45 56 39. 8 52 39 58. 1 72 34 63. 4
According to a technical report of the Department of Biochemical Engineering of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ-after 72 hours, 63.4% of the composition have been degraded. It corresponds to the more favorable index in the Ecological/Toxicological Classification (reference).
Table 2: pH test, COD and oils and grase SAMPLE pH COD (mg/L) Oils and grease (mg/L) Invention 8.0 598.330 99.600 Composition
According to a technical report of the Department of Biochemical Engineering of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ-after 163 hours, 82. 7% of the"residual water of the dispersed oil"have been degraded, thus the "residual water in the dispersed oil"has been identified as an easily degraded type and received the more favorable index according to Ecological/Toxicological classification.
Table 3: Test-pH, COD and oils and grease SAMPLE pH COD (g/L) BOD (/L) Oils and BOD = Biological Grease Oxygen Demand (g/L) "residual water 8. 4 238 91 3.3 of the dispersed oil"
According to the above Table 3, the conclusion is that: The pH (potential- meter scanning) of the"residual water of the dispersed oil"can be considered slightly basic (pH = 8.4), the COD rate (standard method-closed reflux- HACH) is 238g/L ; permitted standard: 250g/L, the BOD rate is 91 g/L. This is in accordance to the standard value required in environmental laws. Oils and grease value (standard method for a n-hexane sohxlet extraction) comprise 3,3g/L in relation to values found in the"residual water of the dispersed oil".
This confirms tests for oils and grease which were done in the pure composition.