TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to structures, and particularly, to drainage channels.

BACKGROUND ART

[0002] Earth as a construction material has a long history because earth is the most familiar and accessible material for building structures. During the last decades and after the emergence of catastrophic results of contemporary construction, earth based construction techniques (such as rammed earth) have gained much attention due to high endurance and low manufacturing cost compared to other commercial construction techniques. However, earth based structures may be vulnerable in face of natural disasters, rain, and erosion.

[0003] Several methods have been proposed in the art to protect buildings and structures from humidity and water erosion, such as coating structures with waterproofing layers [US Patent no. 10,344,470 B2], However, efficiency of such methods may decrease if a structure is damaged or scratched. Moreover, waterproofing may involve addition of chemical martials to structures which may be both costly and harmful to the environment.

[0004] There is, therefore, a need for a cost-efficient system for protecting buildings and structures from water erosion. There is also a need for a system for draining structures and building without inflicting harm on nature and the environment.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0005] This summary is intended to provide an overview of the subject matter of this patent, and is not intended to identify essential elements or key elements of the subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to determine the scope of the claimed implementations. The proper scope of this patent may be ascertained from the claims set forth below in view of the detailed description below and the drawings.

[0006] In one general aspect, the present disclosure describes an exemplary system for draining a structure. An exemplary structure may include a wall. An exemplary system may include a plurality of horizontal channels that may be embedded into a surface of the wall. In an exemplary embodiment, each respective horizontal channel of the plurality of horizontal channels may include an upper surface, a lower surface, an inner surface, an outer surface, an upper edge, and a notch. An exemplary upper surface may have a rectangular shape and may include a punctuated network. An exemplary punctuated network may include a first plurality of circular holes that may be uniformly distributed on the upper surface. An exemplary lower surface may be placed below the upper surface. An exemplary inner surface may include a rectangular shape and may be vertically connected between an inner side of the upper surface and an inner side of the lower surface. An exemplary outer surface may be attached to an outer side of the lower surface. An exemplary upper edge may include a rectangular shape and may be attached with a downward slope to an outer side of the upper surface. An exemplary notch may be located between the outer surface and the upper edge and may allow for directing water into the respective horizontal channel.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment, the lower surface may include an inner plate, an outer plate, and an inferior section. An exemplary inner plate may have a rectangular shape and may be perpendicularly attached to the inner surface. An exemplary outer plate may have a rectangular shape and may be connected to a lower side of the outer surface. An exemplary inferior section may be located below the inner plate and the outer plate and may connect the inner plate to the outer plate. In an exemplary embodiment, the inferior section may direct water to a downpipe of the structure. An exemplary downpipe may be located beside the wall. [0008] An exemplary inferior section may include a U-shaped cross-section. An exemplary outer surface may include a C-shaped cross-section. An exemplary notch may include a trapezius-shaped cross-section. In an exemplary embodiment, each respective horizontal channel of the plurality of horizontal channels may further include a plurality of rods that may be vertically placed between the outer surface and the upper edge. An exemplary plurality of rods may connect the outer surface to the upper edge.

[0009] An exemplary system may further include a plurality of vertical channels. In an exemplary embodiment, each respective vertical channel of the plurality of vertical channels may be placed between two vertically successive horizontal channels of the plurality of horizontal channels and may be vertically penetrated into a horizontal channel of the plurality of a channels.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, each respective vertical channel of the plurality of vertical channels may include a pipe and a wick. An exemplary pipe may be made of one of steel or bamboo. An exemplary pipe may include a second plurality of circular holes that may be vertically distributed along a surface of the pipe and may face the surface of the wall. An exemplary pipe may be connected to the upper surface and may be placed on a respective circular hole of the first plurality of circular holes. In an exemplary embodiment, the respective circular hole may be located above the inner plate. An exemplary wick may be placed inside the pipe and may be penetrated into the respective circular hole. In an exemplary embodiment, a thickness of the wick may be equal to an inner diameter of the pipe.

[0011] An exemplary system may further include a foundation channel that may be embedded into a middle of a top surface of a foundation of the structure. An exemplary foundation may be placed below the wall. An exemplary system may further include a roof channel that may be embedded into a middle of a top surface of a roof of the structure. An exemplary roof may be above the wall. In an exemplary embodiment, each of the foundation channel, the roof channel, and the plurality of horizontal channels may be extended into the downpipe with a downward slope with respect to a horizontal axis of the wall.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, each of the foundation channel and the roof channel may include a main body and a pair of extensions on top edges of the main body. An exemplary main body may have a U-shaped cross section and may allow for directing water to the downpipe. In an exemplary embodiment, each respective extension of the pair of extensions may include a horizontal side and a vertical side. An exemplary horizontal side may be extended horizontally outward the main body up to a horizontal extension limit. An exemplary vertical side may be extended vertically upward the horizontal side from the horizontal extension limit up to a vertical extension limit.

[0013] An exemplary main body may include a narrow section and a plurality of wide sections that may be implemented throughout the narrow section. An exemplary width of each respective wide section of the plurality of wide sections may be larger than a width of the narrow section. An exemplary narrow section may include a U-shaped cross section. An exemplary width of each respective wide section of the plurality of wide sections may be at least four times of the width of the narrow section and a quarter of a width of each of the roof and the foundation.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, each of the foundation channel and the roof channel may further include a panel. An exemplary panel may be placed on the horizontal side of each respective extension of the pair of extensions and may include a third plurality of circular holes. An exemplary third plurality of circular holes may be uniformly distributed on the panel. [0015] In an exemplary embodiment, each of the first plurality of circular holes, the second plurality of circular holes, and the third plurality of circular holes may include a respective diameter of 3 mm to 4 mm.

[0016] Other exemplary systems, methods, features and advantages of the implementations will be, or will become, apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description and this summary, be within the scope of the implementations, and be protected by the claims herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The drawing figures depict one or more implementations in accord with the present teachings, by way of example only, not by way of limitation. In the figures, like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements.

[0018] FIG. 1 shows a schematic of a system for draining a structure, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 2A shows a schematic of a horizontal channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 2B shows a schematic of extension of a horizontal channel into a downpipe, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 2C shows a cross-section of a horizontal channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 2D shows a schematic of a horizontal channel with a plurality of rods, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 3A shows a schematic of a plurality of vertical channels, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 3B shows a schematic of a vertical channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 3C shows a schematic of pipe placed on circular hole of a horizontal channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 3D shows a schematic of a side view of a vertical channel penetrated into a circular hole of a horizontal channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [0027] FIG. 4A shows a schematic of a foundation channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 4B shows a schematic of a roof channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 4C shows a schematic of a channel similar to a foundation channel or a roof channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 4D shows a schematic of a magnified view of a channel similar to a foundation channel or a roof channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 4E shows a schematic of a main body of a channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 4F shows a schematic of a channel with a panel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 4G shows a schematic of placement of a panel on extensions of a channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0034] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. However, it should be apparent that the present teachings may be practiced without such details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and/or circuitry have been described at a relatively high-level, without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present teachings.

[0035] The following detailed description is presented to enable a person skilled in the art to make and use the methods and devices disclosed in exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. For purposes of explanation, specific nomenclature is set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not required to practice the disclosed exemplary embodiments. Descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments are provided only as representative examples. Various modifications to the exemplary implementations will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations and applications without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the implementations shown, but is to be accorded the widest possible scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.

[0036] Herein is disclosed an exemplary system for draining a structure. In an exemplary embodiment, a “structure” may refer to any kind of building that includes a foundation, a wall, and/or a roof. Exemplary structures may include regular buildings, rammed-earth walls, dams, retaining walls, barrier walls, etc. An exemplary system may include a number of horizontal channels that may be implemented on a surface of an exemplary wall. Exemplary horizontal channels may have a downward slope to direct water outside the structure (for example, to a downpipe). An exemplary system may further include a number of pipes that implemented inside the wall and are vertically connected to exemplary horizontal channels. An exemplary wick may be placed inside each pipe to absorb humidity inside the wall. An exemplary wick may be penetrated into a horizontal channel to direct absorbed water to the horizontal channel. An exemplary system may also include channels on an exemplary roof and/or an exemplary foundation of the structure to collect and direct water on the roof and/or foundation to the downpipe. An exemplary system may also be utilized as a flood control infrastructure, for example, at river banks where flood may be expected.

[0037] FIG. 1 shows a schematic of a system 100 for draining a structure, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, exemplary. An exemplary structure may include a wall 102. In an exemplary embodiment, system 100 may include a plurality of horizontal channels 104 that may be embedded into a surface 106 of wall 102 to absorb water and humidity of wall 102. For example, water flows (such as rainwater) may be directed into plurality of horizontal channels 104 instead of flowing throughout wall 102. As a result, erosion or damage of wall 102 may be prevented. In an exemplary embodiment, at every height of about 50 cm, a horizontal channel may be implemented in wall 102. In an exemplary embodiment, plurality of horizontal channels 104 may be made of galvanized iron. In an exemplary embodiment, each of plurality of horizontal channels 104 may be manufactured from a single sheet of galvanized iron and different parts of each horizontal channel may be obtained by bending the sheet of galvanized iron at a corresponding edge of each part of a horizontal channel.

[0038] FIG. 2A shows a schematic of a horizontal channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. An exemplary horizontal channel 200 of plurality of horizontal channels 104 may include an upper surface 202, a lower surface 204, an inner surface 206, an outer surface 208, an upper edge 210, and a notch 212. In an exemplary embodiment, upper surface 202 may have a rectangular shape and may include a punctuated network. An exemplary punctuated network may include a first plurality of circular holes (for example, a circular hole 213) that may be uniformly distributed on upper surface 202. In an exemplary embodiment, the diameter of circular hole 213 may be chosen so that water may pass through circular hole 213 but passage of solid particles (such as sand particles) may be prevented. Therefore, an exemplary diameter of circular hole 213 may be set to about 3 mm to about 4 mm.

[0039] In an exemplary embodiment, lower surface 204 may be placed below upper surface 202. In an exemplary embodiment, lower surface 204 may include an inner plate 214 at an inner side of lower surface 204, an outer plate 216 at an outer side of lower surface 204, and an inferior section 218 below inner plate 214 and outer plate 216. In an exemplary embodiment, inner plate 214 may have a rectangular shape and may be perpendicularly attached to inner surface 206. In an exemplary embodiment, outer plate 216 may have a rectangular shape and may be connected to a lower side 220 of the outer surface 208. In an exemplary embodiment, inferior section 218 may connect inner plate 214 to outer plate 216.

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, inner surface 206 may have a rectangular shape and may be vertically connected between an inner side 221 of upper surface 202 and inner plate 214. In an exemplary embodiment, outer surface 208 may be attached to outer plate 216. In an exemplary embodiment, upper edge 210 may have a rectangular shape and may be attached with a downward slope to an outer side 222 of upper surface 202 for better directing water into horizontal channel 200. In an exemplary embodiment, notch 212 may be located between outer surface 208 and upper edge 210 and may allow for directing water into horizontal channel 200. [0041] FIG. 2B shows a schematic of extension of a horizontal channel into a downpipe, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, horizontal channel 200 may be extended into a downpipe 224 of the structure with a downward slope of about 1.5% to about 2% with respect to a horizontal axis 226 of wall 102. In an exemplary embodiment, downpipe 224 may be located beside wall 102. In an exemplary embodiment, horizontal axis 226 may refer to an axis parallel with a ground on which wall 102 is built. In an exemplary embodiment, inferior section 218 may direct water to downpipe 224 due to the downward slope of horizontal channel 200. [0042] FIG. 2C shows a cross-section of a horizontal channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIGs. 2A, 2B, and 2C, an exemplary cross-section 228 may be a vertical cross-section of horizontal channel 200 that may be viewed from the right side of horizontal channel 200 in FIG. 2A. In an exemplary embodiment, inferior section 218 may have a U-shaped cross-section 230 to prevent overflowing water from horizontal channel 200, in addition to fix horizontal channel 200 inside wall 102. In an exemplary embodiment, outer surface 208 may have a C-shaped cross-section 232. In an exemplary embodiment, notch 212 may have a trapezius-shaped cross-section 234. [0043] FIG. 2D shows a schematic of a horizontal channel with a plurality of rods, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIGs. 2A and 2D, an exemplary horizontal channel 236 may be similar to horizontal channel 200. In an exemplary embodiment, horizontal channel 236 of plurality of horizontal channels 104 may further include a plurality of rods (for example, rod 238). In an exemplary embodiment, rod 238 may be vertically placed between outer surface 208 and upper edge 210 and may connect outer surface 208 to upper edge 210 so that a required gap between outer surface 208 and upper edge 210 for entrance of water may be maintained. In an exemplary embodiment, horizontal channel 236 may further include a metal lid 240 that may have a plurality of holes to allow passage of water while protecting an opening of horizontal channel 236 from entrance of other objects.

[0044] FIG. 3A shows a schematic of a plurality of vertical channels, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIGs. 1 and 3A, in an exemplary embodiment, system 100 may further include a plurality of vertical channels (for example, a vertical channel 300) to further absorb humidity wall 102. An exemplary plurality of vertical channels may also improve the strength of wall 102 and may act as a barrier to fix particles (such as sand, gravel, etc.) of the wall 102 in their place. In an exemplary embodiment, each respective vertical channel of the plurality of vertical channels may be placed between two vertically successive horizontal channels of plurality of horizontal channels 104. For example, vertical channel 300 may be placed between horizontal channel 200 and 236. In an exemplary embodiment, vertical channel 300 may be vertically penetrated into horizontal channel 200. In an exemplary embodiment, vertical channel 300 may be implemented inside wall 102 at a depth of about 7 cm from surface 106 to prevent capillarity action. In an exemplary embodiment, a height of vertical channel 300 may be about 30 cm. [0045] FIG. 3B shows a schematic of a vertical channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, each respective vertical channel of the plurality of vertical channels may include a pipe and a wick. For example, vertical channel 300 may include a pipe 302 and a wick 304. In an exemplary embodiment, pipe 302 may be made of one of steel or bamboo. In an exemplary embodiment, pipe 302 may include a second plurality of circular holes 306 that may be vertically distributed along a surface of pipe 302. In an exemplary embodiment, each of second plurality of circular holes 306 may have a diameter of about 3 mm to about 4 mm so that water may pass through second plurality of circular holes 306 but passage of solid particles (such as sand particles) may be prevented. In an exemplary embodiment, wick 304 may be placed inside pipe 302 to absorb water or humidity. An exemplary thickness 308 of wick 304 may be equal to an inner diameter of pipe 302 so that wick 304 may be fixed inside pipe 302.

[0046] FIG. 3C shows a schematic of pipe placed on circular hole of a horizontal channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, pipe 302 may be connected to upper surface 202 and may be placed on a respective circular hole (for example, circular hole 310) of the first plurality of circular holes. In an exemplary embodiment, circular hole 310 may be located above inner plate 214.

[0047] FIG. 3D shows a schematic of a side view of a vertical channel penetrated into a circular hole of a horizontal channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, pipe 302 may be placed on circular hole 310 so that second plurality of circular holes 306 may face surface 106 of wall 102. In an exemplary embodiment, wick 304 may be penetrated into circular hole 310 to direct water or humidity into horizontal channel 200.

[0048] FIG. 4A shows a schematic of a foundation channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIGs. 1 and 3A, in an exemplary embodiment, system 100 may further include a foundation channel 400. In an exemplary embodiment, foundation channel 400 may be embedded into a middle of a top surface 402 of a foundation 404 of the structure to control capillary action of water rising from foundation 404. In an exemplary embodiment, foundation 404 may be placed below wall 102. Therefore, rising of humidity inside wall 102 from foundation 404 may be prevented by foundation channel 400. Similar to horizontal channel 200 in FIG. 2B, in an exemplary embodiment, foundation channel 400 may be extended into downpipe 224 with a downward slope of about 1.5% to about 2% with respect to a horizontal axis 226 of wall 102. In an exemplary embodiment, foundation channel 400 may be made of galvanized iron. In an exemplary embodiment, foundation channel 400 may be manufactured from a single sheet of galvanized iron and different parts of foundation channel 400 may be obtained by bending the sheet of galvanized iron at a corresponding edge of each part of foundation channel 400.

[0049] FIG. 4B shows a schematic of a roof channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, system 100 may further include a roof channel 406. In an exemplary embodiment, roof channel 406 may be embedded into a middle of a roof 408 of structure. In an exemplary embodiment, roof 408 may be above wall 102. Similar to horizontal channel 200 in FIG. 2B, in an exemplary embodiment, roof channel 406 may be extended into downpipe 224 with a downward slope of about 1.5% to about 2% with respect to a horizontal axis 226 of wall 102. In an exemplary embodiment, roof channel 406 may be made of galvanized iron. In an exemplary embodiment, roof channel 406 may be manufactured from a single sheet of galvanized iron and different parts of roof channel 406 may be obtained by bending the sheet of galvanized iron at a corresponding edge of each part of roof channel 406.

[0050] FIG. 4C shows a schematic of a channel similar to a foundation channel or a roof channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. An exemplary channel 410 may have a structure similar to structures of foundation channel 400 and roof channel 406. In an exemplary embodiment, channel 410 may include a main body 412 and a pair of extensions 414A and 414B on top edges of main body 412. In an exemplary embodiment, extension 414A may be connected to a top edge 416A and extension 414A may be connected to a top edge 416B. In an exemplary embodiment, main body 412 may allow for directing water to downpipe 224.

[0051] FIG. 4D shows a schematic of a magnified view of a channel similar to a foundation channel or a roof channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. An exemplary schematic 410A may be magnified view of channel 410. In an exemplary embodiment, each respective extension of the pair of extensions may include a horizontal side and a vertical side. For example, extension 414A may include a horizontal side 418A and a vertical side 420A. In an exemplary embodiment, extension 414B may include a horizontal side 418B and a vertical side 420B. Each exemplary horizontal side may be extended horizontally outward main body 412 up to a horizontal extension limit. For example, horizontal side 418A may be extended up to a horizontal extension limit 422. Each exemplary vertical side may be extended vertically upward a corresponding horizontal side from the horizontal extension limit up to a vertical extension limit. For example, vertical side 420A may be extended vertically upward horizontal side 418A up to a vertical extension limit 424. In an exemplary embodiment, values of horizontal extension limit 422 and vertical extension limit 424 may be set so that a panel may be fixedly placed between extensions 414A and 414B above main body 412, as described below.

[0052] FIG. 4E shows a schematic of a main body of a channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, main body 412 may include a narrow section 426 and a plurality of wide sections (for example, a wide section 428). An exemplary plurality of wide sections may be implemented throughout narrow section 426. An exemplary width 430 of wide section 428 may be larger than a width 432 of narrow section 412. In an exemplary embodiment, narrow section may have a U-shaped cross section 434 to direct water to downpipe 224. An exemplary width of each respective wide section of the plurality of wide sections may be at least four times of width 432 and a quarter of a width of each of roof 408 or foundation 404 to facilitate water flow inside main body 412. For example, width 430 may be at least four times of a quarter of a width 436 of roof 408 in FIG. 4B

[0053] FIG. 4F shows a schematic of a channel with a panel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 4G shows a schematic of placement of a panel on extensions of a channel, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, channel 410 may further include a panel 438. In an exemplary embodiment, panel 438 may be placed on horizontal sides 418A and 418B and may include a third plurality of circular holes 440. In an exemplary embodiment, third plurality of circular holes 440 may be uniformly distributed on panel 438. In an exemplary embodiment, each of third plurality of circular holes 440 may have a diameter of about 3 mm to about 4 mm so that water may pass through third plurality of circular holes 440 but passage of solid particles (such as sand particles) may be prevented.

[0054] While the foregoing has described what are considered to be the best mode and/or other examples, it is understood that various modifications may be made therein and that the subject matter disclosed herein may be implemented in various forms and examples, and that the teachings may be applied in numerous applications, only some of which have been described herein. It is intended by the following claims to claim any and all applications, modifications, and variations that fall within the true scope of the present teachings.

[0055] Unless otherwise stated, all measurements, values, ratings, positions, magnitudes, sizes, and other specifications that are set forth in this specification, including in the claims that follow, are approximate, not exact. They are intended to have a reasonable range that is consistent with the functions to which they relate and with what is customary in the art to which they pertain.

[0056] The scope of protection is limited solely by the claims that now follow. That scope is intended and should be interpreted to be as broad as is consistent with the ordinary meaning of the language that is used in the claims when interpreted in light of this specification and the prosecution history that follows and to encompass all structural and functional equivalents.

[0057] Except as stated immediately above, nothing that has been stated or illustrated is intended or should be interpreted to cause a dedication of any component, step, feature, object, benefit, advantage, or equivalent to the public, regardless of whether it is or is not recited in the claims.

[0058] It will be understood that the terms and expressions used herein have the ordinary meaning as is accorded to such terms and expressions with respect to their corresponding respective areas of inquiry and study except where specific meanings have otherwise been set forth herein. Relational terms such as first and second and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by “a” or “an” does not, without further constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

[0059] The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in various implementations. This is for purposes of streamlining the disclosure, and is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed implementations require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed implementation. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separately claimed subject matter.

[0060] While various implementations have been described, the description is intended to be exemplary, rather than limiting and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more implementations and implementations are possible that are within the scope of the implementations. Although many possible combinations of features are shown in the accompanying figures and discussed in this detailed description, many other combinations of the disclosed features are possible. Any feature of any implementation may be used in combination with or substituted for any other feature or element in any other implementation unless specifically restricted. Therefore, it will be understood that any of the features shown and/or discussed in the present disclosure may be implemented together in any suitable combination. Accordingly, the implementations are not to be restricted except in light of the attached claims and their equivalents. Also, various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of the attached claims.