DRIVING MECHANISM CONFIGURATION OF WORKING MACHINE, ESPECIALLY FOR MACHINE-TOOL DRIVING

Field of the Invention

The invention concerns the driving mechanism configuration of a working machine, especially for a machine-tool driving, created by a moment motor and a mounting system.

State of the Art

Till now, the drive for working machines, especially machine-tools, e.g. for boring mills, machining centers, revolving tables or great positioning mills was solved with the aid of classical electro motors fitted with a gearbox. The electromotor is of usual construction. Its main parts are a stable stator and a revolving rotor that are mutually separated by an air space. By the aid of wiring systems placed in both parts, the supplied electrical energy is changed, by means of electro-magnetic field in the air space, at mechanical one, which is given over by the motor, at the rotor shaft, to the driven device. For this purpose, it is usually constructed an electromotor with a long rotor of a smaller diameter. The force of the electromotor, and by this the load, is created so that the force vector is a little one, but it is acting in a greater length (the length of the motor) so, that the small vectors are added together. The connection of the electromotor with the gearbox has a task to convert the high engine speed and the low torque to low engine speed and high torque, which are necessary for driving those machine-tools. Such a constructional disposition is bringing many disadvantages, among others also a necessity to use great and complicated gearboxes. Using of gearboxes of complicated constructions takes many problems with, such as a play between gearings, which causes noise and inexactness. The great complicity of the device is

not negligible, too, as it is causing high production expenses. A possibility of exact positioning or that of positioning by interpolating two or more axes seems very problematic one. The above mentioned disadvantages are replaced by the moment motor. These motors are permanent-field excited alternating synchronic motors, which are characterized by great moment at low speed. Such parameters make possible to construct drivers without gearboxes. The shaft of the motor is positioned in radial bearings and the motors are provided by position sensor and water cooling. Their advantage is not only a small built-up area, which is achieved by omitting the gearbox, but also practically no plays, higher total efficiency, high dynamics, no maintenance of gearbox and also lower noise in comparison with a driving provided by the gearbox. Till now, the moment motors have gained ground at machines for plastics processing, at textile, packaging and paper processing machines.

Summary of the Invention

The purpose of the invention is to create such drive construction for working machines, above all for machine-tools, that will make possible a precise starting-up and stopping of the machine-tool table with great mass.

This task fulfills and the above-mentioned disadvantages replaces the working machine drive construction, especially for machine-tools, the subject matter of which consists in the fact, that the integral part of its stable part is a stator of the moment motor, and the integral part of its revolving part is a rotor of the moment motor, where the both the rotor and the stator of the moment motor are aligned axially to each other and to the machine central axe and are fixed to the mounting system, the ratio of the stator diameter to the stator height of the moment motor being greater than 2. The motor torque is greater than 10.000 Nm and the motor has a greater number of poles, usually greater than 100.

The drive for machines, when used for great machine-tools, e.g. boring mills, has its stable part formed by machine support, in which the stator of the moment motor is fixed, fitted by at least one winding, while the revolving part is created by machine working plate, whose part forms the rotor of the moment machine fitted by at least one permanent magnet, both the rotor and the stator of the moment motor being aligned axially to each other and to the machine central axe, too, and for the axial alignment of the working plate and of the rotor of the moment motor toward the machine central axe, these parts are fixed in the mounting system, which is created by a pin fixed in the support, on which a radial bearing is mounted, on which the working plate is set up, while for the revolving mounting of the working plate, between the support and the working plate, at their distant end, there is mounted the radial bearing and taken out the lubricant system conduit, and at the proximal end of the working plate there is a hydrostatic mounting connected to the hyd rostatic system .

To simplify the mounting system construction used at the machine- tools, above all at boring mills, it is advantageous, when between the support and the working plate, at their distant end, there is mounted a radial bearing and taken out the lubricant system conduit, and at the proximal end there is mounted the axial bearing connected to the lubricant system conduit.

The drive for machine is modified by construction for using as a generator for electric energy production. A generator, whose basic construction part is the moment motor, has its stable part made by a frame of the electric machine, in which there is mounted the stator of the moment motor fitted by at least one winding, while the revolving part is created by the flange of the electric machine, to which there is mounted the driving shaft and the rotor of the moment motor fitted by at least one rotor excitation coil, both the rotor and the stator of the moment motor being axially aligned towards the central axe, and to secure the revolving movement, both the stable and the revolving part are fixed to the mounting system consisting of an external ring and an internal ring of the annular bearing.

The drive for machines modified by construction for using at radars has in its stable part, formed by the radar basis, mounted the stator of the moment motor equipped by at least one winding and in its revolving part, formed by the radar revolving part, fixed the rotor of the moment motor equipped by at least one permanent magnet, both the rotor and stator of the moment motor being axially aligned towards the radar central axe, and to secure the rotating movement, both the stable and the revolving part are fixed to the mounting system consisting of the external ring and the internal ring of the annular bearing.

The main advantage of the new adjustment of the working machine driving, mainly for machine-tools, is the fact that there are any gears missing and its construction is very simple one. The drive is formed only by two parts, which are the support and the working plate. It is necessary to make a sufficiently efficient moment motor for this construction (with high torque), which will form a part of the machine driving. The moment motor has to have a sufficient force, to be able to move or position the machined parts with a mass of the order of metric tons and more. From this reason, it is necessary to use a motor with nominal torque of c. 10.000 Nm and more. It seems that the moment motor is with the greatest advantage for that reason, while being characterized by great diameter and small length. As a consequence is, that the force vector is great (i.e. it disposes by great torque, but it takes effect at smaller length). If comparing the motor diameter and its height (i.e. the height of stator plate bunch and the rotor height), and we impose the index D for the motor diameter and the index h for the height of stator plate bunch, than the rate D : h is higher then one for the moment motors. For classical motors in the cage execution, the rate D : h is smaller than one. The moment motors that can be used for working machines, have the rate D : H higher than 2. For such a rate, the moment motor used in working machines has to have the following parameters. Its torque is greater than 10.000 Nm and the maximal engine speed is n = 300 rpm.

The moment motor is formed by two concentric parts with higher diameter and smaller height, which is why it is not much appropriate to be mounted in a cage. But thanks its form, it is ideal for direct mounting, e.g. to a machine-tool or to the driving of a crane pivot and other similar industrial devices having a central swivel plate, and this by such a way that it should make its integral part. This motor is also ideal to deduce great torques, a classical motor being no match for, because for such a torque (force) it would be too great or it would require a gear-box. The moment motor forms two centralized rings, which are the stator with a winding and the rotor equipped by permanent magnets. These rings are than forming an integrated part of the machine-tool.

Brief Description of the Figures on Drawings

An example of the invention execution is demonstrated at the drawings, where at the fig. 1 is a schematic view at the basic constructional disposition of the working machine driving, fig. 2 illustrates the driving construction parts for machine-tools - boring mill in a longitudinal section, fig. 2a represents the driving construction parts for machine-tools with a simplified mounting system, fig. 2b represents a detailed view at the hydrostatic system, fig. 3 represents a view at the machine in the execution as a moment generator, and fig. 4 represents a view at the driving of great radars rotating equipments.

Description of the Exemplary Embodiment

The working machine principle, especially for machine-tools in the meaning of this invention, will be further cleared up but not limited in following examples.

The basic arrangement of the working machine drive λ_ according this invention is demonstrated at the fig. 1. The parts of drive 1 in this execution are ordered symmetrically around the machine axe 13. Individual parts of the machine drive 1 are formed by the moment motor 3, which is its integral part, and the mounting system 27. It is dealing about the liquid cooled more-poles permanently excited alternate synchronic motor. This one is formed by the stator 9 of the moment motor 3, which is an integral part of the stable part 25 of the drive \, and by the rotor ^O of the moment motor 3, which is an integral part of the revolving part 24, both the rotor 10 and the stator 9 of the moment motor 3 being axially aligned one to other, as also to the axe 13 of the machine. At the mounting system 27, which could be e.g. an annular bearing formed by an external ring Ij) and an internal ring 20, there is mounted the stable and also the revolving part, 25 and 24, of the machine drive % Here at, the stable part 25 is fixed to the external ring 19 _, of the annual bearing, while the revolving part 24 of the driving ± is fixed at the internal ring 20 of the annual bearing.

The function of the drive \_ for machines is the following. By connecting the electric supplies 17 (not shown at the fig. 1) to the voltage, the excitation current is starting to flow in the winding ^5 of the stator 9 bobbins in such a way that it creates the revolving magnetic field. This field brings in the movement the rotor 10 excited by the permanent magnets 1J5, by which contemporaneously also the revolving part 24 fixed in the mounting system 27 is brought to the movement.

The drive I designed for a big machine-tool, where it is necessary to drive revolving tables or other positioning equipment is shown at fig. 2. For example, the drive λ_ for a boring mill includes the moment motor 3, the mounting system 27, the revolving part 25 of the machine drive I ₁ formed by the working plate 5 of the machine-tool, and the stable part 24 of the machine drive i formed by the support 2. The moment motor 3, which is an integral

part of the machine-tool, is formed by two concentric rings, one of them being the stator 9 fitted by the winding 1J5 and mounted in the support 2, which is - in this case - the machine supporting frame, and the other being the rotor 10 with permanent magnets 16, which is fixed to the revolving working plate 5. Hear at, the stator 9 is mounted externally to the rotor 10 and both these parts are axially aligned one to other, as also to the central pin 4, which is fixed in the support 2, and for the coaxial alignment of the working plate 2 and of the rotor ,10 of the moment motor 3 towards the machine central axe 1J5 are these parts fixed in the mounting system 27, which - in this case - is formed by a pin 4, at which it is mounted the radial bearing 6, at which it is mounted the working plate 5, while for the revolving mounting of the working plate 5, between the support 2 and the working plate 5, at their distant end, there is mounted the radial bearing 6 and brought out the lubrication system conduit JMi and at the proximal end, there is mounted the hydrostatic system 28. As seen from the fig. 2b, the hydrostatic system 28 is formed by the top face 32 and the bottom face 31., which is equipped by pockets 34 for keeping the hydraulic oil. To these pockets 34 there is connected the hydrostatic conduit 8 of the hydraulic oil, by which the latter is brought from hydraulic aggregate 33 to hydrostatic system 28.

The drive for machine-tool - boring mill is the following. The moment motor 3 is working in this case identically as described here-above. The revolving part 25 formed by the working plate 5 serves for fixing of machined components. The stable part 24 is formed by the support 2 of the machine- tool, which is the supporting frame. There is the stator 9 with the winding 15 mounted on the frame. The revolving magnetic field generated by the exciting current actuates the rotor 10 fixed at the revolving part 25. The revolving part 25 mounted at the radial bearing 6 rotates round the pin 4, on which the bearing is fixed. Its horizontal position by the rotation secures the axial bearing 7 at one end, and at the other end it is secured by the hydrostatic system 28. This system of working plate mounting is formed by two mating

faces, the lower face 31 having cavities (pockets) in itself, which are connected to the pressure system, from which the oil is forced under pressure to these pockets. The other, superior face 32 is a flat one. It is ground and hard, because of sinking of frictional forces and of the lifetime. That superior face 32 is enclosing the oil in the pockets, and the oil is, under pressure, upholding the working plate 5 at the oil film. The oil pressure is generated by the hydraulic aggregate 33 (not shown at the picture) and the oil is brought to the pockets 34 through the pipes 35.

Further variant mounting of the working plate 5 is shown at the fig. 2a.

From this figure it is visible, that for the revolving mounting of the working plate 5, between the support 2 and the working plate 5, at their distant end, there is mounted the radial bearing 6 and brought out the lubrication system conduit H and at the proximal end there is mounted the axial bearing 7 connected to the conduit 1_1 of the lubrication system.

Further variant of the drive 1 execution is its constructional modification suitable for using as a moment generator. The machine driving 1 of this construction is shown at the fig. 3. The drive 1 for machines has its stable part 24 formed by the frame 2J. of the electric machine, in which there is mounted the stator 9 of the moment motor 3 equipped by at least one winding 15, while the revolving part 25 is formed by the flange 22 of the electric machine, to which it is mounted the driveshaft 23 and the rotor 10 of the moment motor 3 equipped by at least one exciting winding 18 of the rotor !P_, both the rotor 10 and the stator 9 of the moment motor 3 being aligned axially against the central axe 13, and to assure the rotating movement, the stable and the revolving part, 24 and 25, are fixed to the mounting system 27, which is formed by external ring 19 and internal ring 20 of the annular bearing.

The drive for a generator is the following. The moment motor 3 is working in this case identically as described here-above. The revolving part 25 formed by the flange 22 serves for the mounting of the shaft 23. The stable part 24 is formed by the frame 2J. of the electric machine, on which the stator 9 with the winding 1J3 is mounted. The revolving magnetic field formed by the exciting current takes in movement the rotor 10 mounted at the revolving part 25. Both, the revolving part 25 and the stable part are mounted at the mounting system 27. In this case it concerns the annular bearing formed by external ring 19 and internal ring 20. The stable part 24 is mounted to the external ring ^ of the annular bearing and assures a firm connection between the stator 9 and the frame 21. of the electric machine, while the revolving part 25 of the machine drive 1 _, is mounted at the internal ring 20 of the annular bearing and assures the rotating movement of the revolving part 25, and further also the rotor 10 and stator 9 axial alignment against the axe 13 of the moment generator.

Further variant of the drive I- usage according the invention is its using for revolving equipment of great radars, where such an execution is necessary that the central part would have a free straightway for other parts of the equipment. This is possible due to the great diameter of the moment motor 3 and especially to its characteristic construction in the form of two concentric rings, which are forming the basic assembly of the moment motor 3. The motor driving % in execution for revolving equipments of great radars is represented at the fig. 4. The drive I- has in its stable part 24 mounted the stator 9 of the moment motor 3 equipped by at least one winding IJj and in its revolving part 25 mounted the rotor ,10 of the moment motor 3 equipped by at least one permanent magnet 16, both the rotor ^O and the stator 9 of the moment motor 3 being axially aligned towards the central axe 13 of the radar. To assure the rotating movement, both the stable part 24 and the revolving part 25 are fixed to the mounting system 27 consisting of the external ring λ$_ and the internal ring 20 of the annual bearing.

The drive function for radar is the following. The moment motor 3 is working in this case identically as described here-above. The revolving part 25 formed by an arm serves for mounting of the radar rotating parts 30. The stable part 24 is formed by the radar basis 29 and is designed for mounting of the stator 9 with the winding 15. The revolving magnetic field created by the exciting current actuates the rotor to mounted at the revolving part 25. Both the revolving part 25 and the stable part 24 are arranged at the mounting system 27. In this case it concerns the annular bearing formed by the external ring Ij ⁾ and the internal ring 20. The stable part 25 is mounted to the external ring 19 of the annular bearing and assures a firm connection between the stator 9 and the support 29 of the radar, while the revolving part 24 of the machine drive 1 is mounted at the internal ring 20 of the annular bearing and assures the rotating movement of the revolving part 25, and further also the axial alignment of the rotor W and stator 9 towards the radar axe 13.

Industrial Applicability

This drive is suitable to generate a great force, where it is not a necessity of high speed. The ideal applications, as e.g. by the boring mill, revolving mill, pivot of a great crane, radio locator, wind power station, water power station, come out from these requirements, this driving is possible to use for function of generator, where it forms directly a part of the revolving machinery (turbines, propellers), and no gearings are needed.