ELECTRIC LIQUID VAPORIZER COMPOSITION COMPRISING PARA-MENTHANE-3.8-DIOL

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to an electric liquid vaporizer composition, which enables the harmful flies and mosquito to be removed from indoor spaces owing to the vaporization of the natural and herbal volatile oils in liquid form by means of electricity.

The invention also relates to an electric liquid vaporizer wick which enables the homogeneous evaporation of repellent mixture mentioned above until the end of its use.

PRIOR ART

According to the state of the art, the electric liquid vaporizers employed in fighting the mosquito generally contain the synthetic chemical insecticides such as prallethrin, s-biothrin, s-bioallethrin, esbiothrin, tetramethrin, d-tetramethrin, transfluthrin, allethrin and d-allethrin. The use of the electric liquid vaporizers, which have become quite popular today, accounts for nearly 45% of the total insecticide use. This is because they provide an ambience free from the flies throughout the night and they are easy to use. During the use, the electric liquid vaporizer is plugged in and the chemical molecules inside the reservoir thereof vaporize and mix into the ambient air. However, as a result of the use of said chemical molecules in the electric liquid vaporizers and the vaporization of the same, the health of any living being present in the ambience, such as humans, animals, etc., is adversely affected and such chemicals may even lead to the terminal diseases like cancer.

Today, said chemical molecules are classified as killers rather than repellents by the European Union and the authorities such as WHO, EPA, etc. On the other hand, the authorities do not permit the use of said liquid vaporizers with chemical ingredients and electrical action in the ambiences where the children are present. Although the domestic type insecticides were shown to cause substantial health issues in indoor spaces according to the studies conducted, it is known that the consumers lack the adequate knowledge and awareness on this matter and such products are used even in the ambiences where the infants are present. As mentioned above, since these chemical molecules vaporize into the air and pose a hazard for human health, it is recommended to keep the doors and windows open in the areas where they are used. However, despite the knowledge that they pose a health risk, they are used without paying regard to such warnings and are preferred by the consumers as they eliminate the problems in a continuous manner. Another reason for the same is that the consumers are usually unaware of the fact that these substances known as repellents are actually fatal. A reduction in the extent of the use of these products as a result of such awareness becoming widespread would, on the other hand, would complicate the solution of the mosquito problem, which constitutes another threat.

According to the state of the art, the auxiliary substances used in addition to the active agent contained in said electric liquid vaporizers also have chemical ingredients. Generally, the petroleum derivatives and/or aromatic hydrocarbons are employed as a solvent in said vaporizers and these chemicals lead to many dangerous diseases, notably the cancer. Further, the fact that the auxiliary substances employed are the combustible and inflammable petroleum derivatives increases the possibility for the outbreak of a fire in the houses.

Moreover, the lethal nature of the active agent contained in said electric liquid vaporizers is unable to provide an ambience that is sufficiently freed from the flies. The reason is that the lethal substances intended to provide the repulsion effect in the vaporizers in use are released at low concentrations, and thus, it is not possible to generate a dose that would ensure complete control over the mosquito at all times. In this case, it is not possible to obtain an effective control over the mosquito, and besides, the long term exposure results in the humans due to the slow release, which in turn poses a threat in terms of health. On the other hand, these conventional chemicals used in almost every house cause the development of the resistance in the mosquito in some regions.

Consequently, the need for the electric liquid vaporizer compositions that do not cause damage to the human health and the inadequacy of the existing solutions have made it necessary to perform an improvement in the relevant art for the purpose of eliminating the disadvantages of the state of the art. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention, which is achieved based on the mentioned state of the art, is to develop an electric liquid vaporizer composition, which enables the harmful flies and mosquito to be removed from indoor spaces owing to the vaporization of the natural and herbal volatile oils in liquid form by means of electricity.

Another object of the invention is providing a homogenous fade-out for the repellent mixture with several herbal ingredients which has different vapor pressures and hence different vapor velocities. This is provided through a wick which is designed suitable to this mixture and keeping the efficiency stable during the life cycle.

Another object of the invention is to develop an electric liquid vaporizer composition, which is effective against all the mosquito species (Aedes spp, Culex Spp, Anopheles spp, Culiseta spp.) and many other species of fly such as punky (Phlebotomus spp), sand fly, housefly ( usca spp and others), stable fly and face fly and ensures protection in a safe manner against these harmful fly and mosquito species threatening the human health.

Another object of the invention is to prevent the continuous exposure to chemical substances resulting from the use of the liquid vaporizers with chemical ingredients for the purpose of providing protection against the flies and mosquito in the indoor spaces and to eliminate the likely damages such chemicals could cause in the human health. Owing to the invention, a way to protect from the mosquito and flies by the use of 100% natural oils has been discovered wherein said way of protection does not have any effect on the human health.

By the invention, it is also intended to prevent damage to the pets and plants present in the indoor spaces resulting from the use of the liquid vaporizers with chemical ingredients and to develop and alternative safe product.

Another object of the invention is to enable the use of the repellent characteristic of the natural oils employed as a solvent according to the state of the art in addition to the use of solvent nature of said oils and thus ensure an increase in the effectiveness of the vaporizer. Still another object of the invention is to eliminate the requirement to keep the doors and windows open, which is made obligatory in the user guides of the liquid vaporizers with chemical ingredients but is not usually respected by the consumers.

Still another object of the invention is to eliminate the resistance acquired by the mosquito as a result of the use of the liquid vaporizers with chemical ingredients and offer an alternative liquid vaporizer composition that is also effective against the new and resistant populations.

Still another object of the invention is to develop a liquid vaporizer composition with a novel and broader spectrum that features the repellent action on the flies in the daytime and on the mosquito in the nights.

Still another object of the invention is to make it possible to use the electric liquid vaporizers in the ambiences where the infants are present.

The electric liquid vaporizer composition described below with all the details and alternative embodiments, which is realized in order to achieve the aforesaid objects and employed for removing the harmful flies and mosquito from the indoor spaces, comprises para-menthane-3,8- diol (PMD) as the natural active ingredient with repellent property and d-limonene or at least one citrus oil or herbal volatile oil as the solvent.

According to the invention, said composition comprises the individual components or combinations selected from the group consisting of the citrus oils, including the lemon oil, orange oil, tangerine oil and grapefruit oil, and other volatile herbal oils as the solvent.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said composition also comprises at least one or more than one herbal volatile oil with synergistic property.

According to the invention, said herbal volatile oil with synergistic effect comprises the individual components or combinations selected from the group consisting of citronella, citronella java, lemon grass oil, lemon oil, turmeric oil, garlic oil, rosemary oil, lavender oil, valerian oil, thyme oil, basil oil, canola oil, hazelnut oil, cinnamon oil and neem oil.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said composition comprises para- menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) as the active ingredient, d-limonene as the solvent and the lemon grass oil and citronella java as the herbal oil with synergistic property.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said composition comprises para- menthane-3,8-diol at a ratio of 1 % by weight, d-limonene at a ratio of 93,5% by weight, lemon grass oil at a ratio of 3% by weight and citronella java at a ratio of 2,5% by weight.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said composition further comprises at least one herbal oil selected from the group consisting of geraniol, azadirachtin, pyrethrum, pyrethrin, other herbal oils with repellent action described in literature and castor oil as the natural active ingredient with repellent property, instead of para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD). The presence of one or several of these oils in the combination is also encompassed by the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to an electric liquid vaporizer composition and selection of a suitable wick material composition-provides a homogenous fade-out from the electric liquid vaporizer, which enables the harmful flies and mosquito to be removed from indoor spaces owing to the vaporization of the herbal plant oils in liquid form by means of electricity.

The composition according to the invention comprises a combination of at least one natural active ingredient with the fly and mosquito repellent property, at least one or more than one herbal oil with synergistic property and one or more herbal oil as the solvent.

Within the scope of the invention, para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) featuring the repellent property is employed as the natural active ingredient. PMD is a biochemical pesticide obtained from the eucalyptus plant. The vaporizer composition according to the invention comprises the individual components or combinations selected from the group consisting of citronella, citronella java, lemon grass oil, turmeric oil, garlic oil, rosemary oil, lavender oil, valerian oil, thyme oil, basil oil, canola oil, hazelnut oil, cinnamon oil and neem oil as the herbal volatiles oils with synergistic effect. It will be possible to add said herbal oils and the derivatives of said oils in case required based on the region and the target pest. According to the invention, d-limonene or at least one citrus oil selected from the group consisting of the lemon oil, orange oil, tangerine oil and grapefruit oil is used as the solvent. Said oils may be employed individually within the scope of the invention, while the invention also encompasses the use of all or several of said oils together in the form of a mixture. Within the scope of the invention, the herbal oils are employed both as a solvent and repellent, whereas PMD is employed only as a repellent agent. The use of other volatile herbal oils as the solvent is also included within the scope of the invention.

According to the alternative embodiments of the invention, geraniol, azadirachtin, pyrethrum, pyrethrin, castor oil or other herbal oils with repellent action may be employed as an alternative to PMD. The ratio of the alternative natural repellent agents is equal to the ratio of PMD (Paramenthane Diol). Geraniol is naturally present in the plants such as rose, lavender and vanilla and it is also the basic constituent for many volatile oils. Azadirachtin is obtained in powder form by way of drying the leaves and the peels of the plant Azadirachta indica and by way of extraction in terpenoid form from the fruits or seeds of the plant. Pyrethrum is an insecticide of herbal origin, which is obtained from the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and which is the oldest and most reliable one among the available insecticides. Pyrethrin is the pyrethrum extract prepared from the drug called Pyrethrum flower obtained by drying the flowers of the plant Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium. Castor oil (Ricinus communis) is a plant species native to India, belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. It naturally grows or is cultured in the places where the Mediterranean climate is observed. The substance ricin, found in its seeds, is poisonous. The oil obtained from its seeds is a colorless-straw yellow colored oil with slight odor. It readily dissolves in alcohols. It will be possible to use the alternative herbal oils individually or in groups as alternatives to PMD, while it will be also possible to use the same in the formulation in the form of individual or multiple combinations together with PMD.

It is possible to manufacture a liquid vaporizer composition comprising a mixture of only para- menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) and d-limonene in an exemplary embodiment of the invention, while lemon grass oil and citronella java were also used in an alternative composition. The ratios of the ingredients for an exemplary composition are provided in Table 1. According to the invention, it is also possible to develop a novel composition by way of addition of the citrus oil as the solvent at the same proportion, without the auxiliary substances being present other than PMD. Such ratios may vary in the range of 0,01-99,99% by weight. In order to manufacture the liquid vaporizer composition according to the invention, the components are mixed in a way to form a homogeneous mixture.

Table 1. General and preferred content ratios of the ingredients that constitute the invention

Repellent composition which is preferred above, requires a special wick that provides a homogenous release for each material of this composition due to their different vapor pressures.

Sketch 1) Wick-bottle position

Generally, wicks materials that are used in the electric vaporizer application systems are compressed carbon, compressed saw dust and polimers. Due to the selective permeability of the wick materials stated above the volatile components in the vaporizer composition evaporates relatively faster compared to the less volatile ones and approximately half of the composition remains unreleased in the bottle. As it is determined in the release tests these wicks materials release relatively volatile D-limonene and Lemongrass oils in the composition, 2-3 times faster than required and provides almost no release for PMD and Citronella Java oils with high vapor pressures. Therefore, it is not possible to have a linear or near-linear release graph. So that vaporizer cannot provide the same intensity of protection through life time of the composition. According to studies it is determined that wick materials which are made of different contents of cotton and bamboo fibers provides more linear release compared to the known wicks. Also there is no change in the release rate by time for the mentioned herbal repellent composition. The patent covers vaporizer wicks which are made of 100% cotton and 100% bamboo fibers or their mixtures of in any rate. According to studies vaporizer wicks composed of 50% bamboo fibers and 50% cotton provided average of 85+10 mg/hour release rate which is close to be linear until the vaporizer mixture in the bottle comes to an end at 80 - 95°C vaporizer temperature. The comparison of mass loss graphs for herbal repellent mixture with different types of wicks including 50% cotton and 50% bamboo fiber wick is shown below. 50% cotton and 50% bamboo fiber mixture wick has shown linear mass loss in the same conditions compared to the others which have shown rapid release in the beginning and slowing down by time. As seen in the graph the herbal repellent mixture in the bottle of other wicks didn't vaporize completely and remain in the bottle.

Vaporation Rates with Different Wicks

Carbon Wick «∞«-»Wooden Wick «—»«»<"Polimer Wick «— »∞»Cotton + Bamboo Fiber Mixture Wick

Time (Hours)

Graph 1) The comparison of release rates 50% cotton - 50% bamboo fiber wick and the other wicks The ratio of para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) in the invention is in the range of 0,00001% to 45% by weight. The effective amount of PMD determined within the scope of the invention is 1% by weight. This is the ideal ratio that does not hinder the volatility and at the same time provides adequate action.

According to the invention, the dilutions were carried out as necessary to enable the adequate release of said herbal oils through vaporization and the superior repellent/drive-away action of the herbal volatile oils were discovered on the mosquito and flies. Moreover, the volatility of each of the oils in the composition was separately investigated and the effect of each of the oils on the volatility of the other herbal oils in the composition was also investigated in order to ensure sufficient volatility for the liquid vaporizer composition according to the invention. According to the invention, the composition with 100% natural ingredients comprised by the active ingredient, the synergist and the solvent has repellent effect on the mosquito and flies at a rate of 100%.

Within the scope of the invention, the synthetic chemicals such as lcaridin, DEET (Ν,Ν-diethyl- meta-toiuamide) and IR3535® (3-(N-acetyl-N-butyl) amino propionic acid ethyl ester), prallethrin, s-biothrin, s-bioallethrin, esbiothrin, tetramethrin, d-tetramethrin, transfluthrin, allethrin and d- allethrin may also be employed instead of PMD. Even when these chemicals are employed, the use of chemical solvents and emulsifiers is still prevented as opposed to the existing liquid vaporizers and it is thus aimed to obtain a product with medium level of safety.

The invention will account for 45% of the worldwide domestic type insecticide use and it will be the first 100% natural mosquito and housefly repellent product ever developed in the electric liquid vaporizer. The product does not cause any health issue even when used continuously during the day, wherein said product exhibits the repellent action on the houseflies in the daytime and it removes the other flying pests such mosquito and sand fly from the ambient of use in the night. As a result, the invention provides a product, which is safe in terms of human health and which has strong repellent action on the flies and the mosquito.

The lethal effect of the vaporizer composition developed within the scope of the invention on the mosquito was investigated and the results of the tests conducted by Hacettepe University are presented in the following table. According to this study, it was noted that the death occurs in the mosquito within a period of time longer than 30 minutes in the test performed with the vaporizer composition according to the invention.

Table 2. Results of the Test 1 involving the application of the electric liquid vaporizer according to the invention

Method: Peet-Grady (0.125 rrr chamber)

Ambient conditions: 25°C temperature, 42% RH, 12 sgu.

Date: 20-23 October 2014

Dose: 30 minutes heating

Contact duration: 30 minutes

Results

Table 3. Results of the Test 2 involving the application of the electric liquid vaporizer according to the invention

Method: Peet-Grady (1 m chamber)

Ambient conditions: 25°C temperature, 40% RH, 12 sgu.

Date: 1 1 -12 November 2014

Dose: 40 minutes heating

Contact duration: 30 minutes

Results

According to the invention, the repellent action on different mosquito species and genera was tested also by Hacettepe University, and positive results were achieved at a rate of above 90% on the average. Of these, the results of the test performed according to the olfactometer method with reference to the methods of the World Health Organization (WHO) can be seen below. In these tests, the individuals from the resistant field population were used. Table 4. Conditions for the Test 3 involving the application of the electric liquid vaporizer accordin to the invention

Table 5. Results of the Test 3 involving the application of the electric liquid vaporizer according to the invention

varies between (-1 and +1). Nc+Nt

According to the calculation made for EL12 at the end of 20 minutes taking into account the fly count only in the application area and the total fly count: Repellent effect percentage=(Nc:Nx100)-100=86.7

Nc-Nt Nm

UAO= x = varies between (-1 and 1). Nc+Nt N

According to the calculation made for EL13 at the end of 20 minutes taking into account the fly count only in the application area and the total fly count: Repellent effect percentage=(Nc:Nx100)-100=97.4 Table 6. Conditions for the Test 4 involving the application of the electric liquid vaporizer according to the invention

Table 7. Results of the Test 4 involving the application of the electric liquid vaporizer according to the invention

Nc-Nt Nm

UAO= x = varies between (-1 and +1). Nc+Nt N

According to the calculation made for EL12 at the end of 20 minutes taking into account the fly count only in the application area and the total fly count: Repellent effect percentage=(Nc:Nx100)-100=91.3.

Nc-Nt Nm

UAO= x = varies between (-1 and 1 ). Nc+Nt N

According to the caiculation made for EL13 at the end of 20 minutes taking into account the fly count only in the application area and the total fly count: Repellent effect percentage=(Nc:Nx100)-100=92.0.

It was demonstrated that owing to the invention, the mosquito deaths induced by the chemicals of the prior art would occur also by means of the natural components. On the other hand, the invention comprises the components that are entirely safe for human health and no adverse effect is observed in the humans despite the deaths taking place in the mosquito. The content of the oils in the composition or the oils are risk-free substances employed in the food or cosmetic industry.

The protective scope of the present application is set forth in the section of claims and said scope may by no means be limited to the descriptions provided above by way of exemplification. It is obvious that a person skilled in the art can obtain the novelty provided by the invention by using the similar embodiments and/or apply such embodiments in other fields used in the relevant art for similar purposes. Consequently, such embodiments would obviously lack the criterion of novelty, especially the criterion of surpassing the state of the art.