The invention relates to an electromechanical trans¬ ducer, for example a motor or generator, comprising: two elements movable in relation to one another, which can perform a translation relative to one another; transducer means with two mechanical connections and two electrical terminals, which two mechanical connections are coupled to the two respective movable elements.

Such a transducer is known in various embodiments. An object of the invention is to embody a transducer such that the resolution and the accuracy are improved.

The invention further has for its object to embody a transducer such that it is universally applicable, and allows of adjustment to the most diverse requirements and conditions of use without the necessity of adjustment in the transducer itself for this purpose, this being done via a control system.

The invention has for its further object to embody a transducer such that it has the same external form as a known device which has the same functional operation, for example a known damper on a basis of liquid or gas.

These and other objectives to be stated hereinafter are generally realized according to the invention with a transducer of the type described, which has the charac¬ teristic that the transducer means are of the rotating type and that transmission means are present for converting a linear movement of the movable elements into a rotating movement of the transducer or vice versa.

The transducer means can in principle be of any suitable type. According to the invention however preference is given to an embodiment wherein the transducer means comprise a brushless motor.

The invention is based on the insight that the electromechanical transducer can convert mechanical energy

into electrical energy and that the dissipation of kinetic energy exerts a damping action on the movable elements.

The transducer can be of any suitable type. It is preferably of the electromagnetic type. The transducer can be of the linear type, such as in the form of a linear motor.

The damping device preferably displays the feature however that the transducer is a rotation motor and trans¬ mission means are present for converting a linear movement of the movable elements into a rotating movement of the transducer. A greater resolution can be achieved with such an embodiment. This can benefit the accuracy of the device.

A very reliable and almost frictionless transmission is obtained in an embodiment wherein the transmission means comprise screw means, for example a ball circulation spindle.

To achieve the greatest possible flexibility the device can be characterized by a central control unit, in particular a computer, coupled to the electrical terminals. This computer can be placed externally or be integrated into the transducer, in which case it will necessarily have to have relatively small dimensions.

The use of a central control unit also offers the possibility of external control. For this purpose the transducer according to the invention has the feature that the central control unit is provided with control terminals for receiving external control signals. The external control signals may come from temperature sensors, dynamometers and the like. For example in rehabilitation technology a transducer according to the invention operating as damper device can be embodied such that the control terminals of the control unit are equipped to receive and process muscle signals. Diverse attempts have been made in this field to design dampers which, using simple means, allow of adaptation to predetermined requirements and to varying operating conditions. It has been found from these attempts that the following problems, among others, occur in the design of such dampers. A motor or actuator needs control

energy. A transducer according to the invention operating as a damping device can be characterized by an accumulator connected to the electrical terminals of the transducer such that it can store the electrical energy generated by the transducer.

In particular this transduce. can have the feature that the accumulator is connected for power supply to the central control unit.

By using the above described energy recovery according to the invention a considerable saving can be made in battery weight and volume.

The known controls operate slowly, which makes it particularly difficult to react quickly to changing situ¬ ations during walking. The said attempts have resulted in programs to anticipate the mechanical changes during ; . ing. The exceptionally rapid control possibilities of the transducer according to the invention solve these problems to a significant extent.

For the best possible control of the operation of the transducer according to the invention, for example when it is used as damper in rehabilitation technology, it is important to know the mechanical situation of the transdu¬ cer. To this end it can be characterized by measuring means for measuring the relative mechanical situation of the movable elements, such as position, speed, acceleration and the generating of the signals representative of this mecha¬ nical situation, which can be supplied to the control terminals of the central control unit.

In a particular embodiment this transducer has the feature that the measuring means comprise rotation measuring means, for example a tacho generator or Hall generator. It is noted here that in , rinciple other measuring means may also be considered sui~ ible, such as electrical or optical pulsators. As already briefly discussed, the transducer can generate energy during the mutual movement of the movable elements. This energy can be dissipated in for example a resistive load, but according to the invention can also be

generated to an accumulator connected to the electrical terminals of the transducer such that this can store the electrical energy generated by the transducer.

In the said embodiment, wherein the accumulator is connected for power supply to the central control unit, further power supply means can be dispensed with.

Another use for the energy stored in the accumulator is obtained with a variant wherein the accumulator is connected for feeding, under the control of the central control unit, electrical energy to the transducer in a direction opposed to the direction wherein the transducer generates energy during relative movement of the movable elements. During use as damping device a negative damping can be obtained herewith by reverse actuation of the trans- ducer, which in this case will function temporarily as motor.

Finally, the transducer according to the invention can display the feature that the transducer has substan¬ tially the same external form as a known damping device. The invention will now be elucidated with reference to the annexed figure. This shows a random embodiment of an adjustable damping device according to the invention in partially broken away perspective view.

The damping device 1 according to the invention comprises a cylindrical housing 2 with an end wall 3 to which mounting means can be connected. These are not drawn here. The device 1 further comprises a shaft 4, whereof the free end protruding outside the device 1 can be provided with mounting means likewise not drawn here. The shaft 4 is placed co-axially relative to the housing 2 and movable relative thereto in axial direction. For this purpose the shaft 4 takes a hollow form and is slidable over a second shaft 5 with a rectangular cross section, whereby the shaft 4 is blocked against rotation. The shaft 5 is mounted on a wall 6 which is rigidly coupled to the housing 2.

The shaft 4 has an external screw thread 7 which forms a ball circulation bearing together with a bearing

block 8 and steel balls 9. Such a bearing is per se known. When the shaft 4 moves in axial direction relative to the housing 2, a movement of balls 9 takes place via a channel 10 in the bearing block 8 which, due to the rotational locking of the shaft 4, has the result that the bearing block 8 is set into rotation. This rotation is, given the fixed pitch of the screw thread 7, directly proportional to the linear movement of the shaft 4.

Coupled to the bearing block 8 is a bearing ring 11 which as ball bearing with balls 12 co-acts with a second bearing ring 13 which is in turn fixedly coupled in the housing 2.

Coupled to the bearing block 8 is a tube 14 which is rotatably mounted on its end facing the wall 6 by means of a ball bearing 15. A magnet unit 16 is arranged on the outside of the tube 14. It will be apparent after the above explanation that the magnet unit 16 will undergo a rotation through axial displacement of the shaft 4, this being related to the position of the housing 2. Accommodated between the outer surface of the cylindrical magnet unit 16 and the inner surface of the housing 2 is a stator winding 17. In per se known manner a voltage can be induced in the stator winding by rotation of the magnet unit 16. This voltage can be fed via lines 18, 19 to an electronic unit 20 which is arranged in the space enclosed by the end wall 3, the wall 6 and the housing 2. The electronic unit 20 comprises an electric load for the stator winding 17 and a central control unit or CPU, which can be programmed in advance. The central control unit can also receive external control signals via an input cable 21.

Also situated in the said space wherein the elec¬ tronic unit 20 is arranged is a rechargeable battery 22 which can serve on the one hand as electric load for the stator winding 17 and on the other for supplying the elec¬ tronic unit 20. The energy stored in the battery 22 can be used in some conditions to supply current via the electronic unit 20 to the stator winding 17, whereby the damping device

1 temporarily obtains the function of motor, or a member with negative damping which can be desirable in certain conditions for controlling complex movements.

The functions briefly described above can all take place under program control. A program can be entered in advance into the electronic unit 20 which for this purpose can for instance comprise a microprocessor. An external computer can also be used which can communicate via the input cable 21 with the electronic unit 20. It will be apparent that in that case the cable 21 must be able to transport information to two directions.

For optimal control of particular movements the relative axial position of the shaft 4 relative to the housing 2 usually has to be known. The damping device l comprises thereto a Hall generator which is designated schematically and comprises a rotor ring 23, which is fixed with its inside to the bearing block 8 and a fastening ring 24 arranged on the tube 14, in addition to a Hall ring 25 which via a signal line 26 can generate to the electronic unit 20 a signal representative of the rotation position of the rotor ring 24 relative to the housing 2.

It is noted that many variants are possible within the scope of the invention. The ball circulation construc¬ tion is chosen to obtain a high transmission accuracy and little friction. The described electromechanical transducer can also be implemented in a completely different manner. The construction of the stator and the rotor can for example be reversed or combined forms can be used.

Electrodynamic transducers of the present type exist in different embodiments. Three basic types can be distinguishe :

1. A rotor with permanent magnet and a stator with electrical winding.

2. A rotor with electrical winding and a stator with electrical winding.

3. A rotor with electrical winding and a stator with permanent magnet.

In transducers according to types 2 and 3 a commu¬ tator has to be used for alternating connection of different stator windings to the external electrical circuit. Since commutators by their nature introduce friction and wear they are considered less suitable for use within the scope of the invention. Type 1 does not need a commutator and therefore seems in the first instance the most suitable for application within the framework of the invention. In principle however the absence of a commutator would elimi- nate the possibility of also having the device operate as motor, and thus of applying negative damping. In order to nevertheless realize this possibility without a commutator the electronic unit 20 must be embodied such that the commutation function is assumed by the unit. In the embodi- ment drawn this is realized by the Hall generator 23, 25. In this embodiment therefore the advantage of a very low rotational friction is combined with the possibility of negative damping.

Attention is finally drawn to the fact that the invention is not limited to linear movements but also relates to devices with two displaceable elements which can perform a different movement relative to one another, for example a rotating movement. In this respect it will be apparent without further elucidation that for this purpose the use of the ball circulation construction could be dispensed with and the rotating movements of the housing 2 relative to for instance the first bearing ring 11 can be used. The ball circulation spindle serves in any case only for converting a linear movement into a rotating movement and the vice versa.

As examples for application of the transducer according to the invention can be mentioned: a motor, a damper, for example for use in orthopaedic technology and rehabilitation technology, a temperature-independent door check, a shock absorber, an actuator in robotics technology. It will be apparent that these, represent only several random examples of application.

The following are some of the advantages of the construction according to the invention.

The external form of the transducer according to the invention can in general be simply adapted to user requirements. The designer has for instance the freedom to make the external form almost identical to existing passive dampers. This is of course beneficial to easy exchange¬ ability.

The transducer according to the invention lends itself to the use of the electrical energy generated during mechanical excitation for supplying a control system that can for example be incorporated in the damper.

Through coupling to a control system, for example on the basis of a microprocessor, all mechanical functions can be very simply monitored and continuously readjusted during complicated operating conditions which can occur for example during use as damper in orthopaedics.

In this respect also it is recommended to use measuring means for measuring the relative mechanical position of the movable elements. A Hall generator is for example a very suitable assist means for this purpose which allows of integration into the transducer while occupying very little space.