FIELD

This invention relates to electronic animal tag readers.

BACKGROUND

Electronic animal tags, such as RFID tags or devices, are used to identify farm animals. The electronic animal tags are physically attached to the animals and are read by a corresponding reader when they are in close enough proximity.

SUMMARY

According to a first example embodiment there is provided a reader for reading electronic animal tags, the reader comprising: a panel; two antennae disposed within the panel, wherein each antenna is associated with a respective race and configured to transmit and/or receive information to/from an electronic animal tag in that respective race; and an electromagnetic shield configured to impede an antenna from transmitting and/or receiving information to/from an electronic animal tag not located in the respective race of that antenna .

According to a further embodiment there is provided a system for reading electronic animals tags comprising a plurality of readers, each reader located at or near a wall of a respective plurality of races, wherein each reader is at least partially shielded by an electromagnetic shield; each reader being longitudinally offset with respect to at least one other reader in the plurality of readers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is described by way of example with reference to the drawings, which show some embodiments of the invention. However, these are provided for illustration only. The invention is not limited to the particular details of the drawings and the corresponding description. Figure 1 is a diagram of a plurality of offset and partially shielded readers.

Figure 2 is a box diagram of a reader.

Figure 3 is a diagram depicting a front view of a reader.

Figure 4 is a diagram depicting a back view of a reader. Figure 5 is a diagram depicting a plan view of a reader.

Figure 6 is a diagram showing multiple readers.

Figure 7 depicts the connecting members of a reader.

Figure 8 is a diagram of a first embodiment of an electromagnetic shield.

Figure 9 is a diagram of a second embodiment of an electromagnetic shield. Figure 10 is a diagram of a third embodiment of an electromagnetic shield.

Figure 11 is a diagram showing an embodiment of offset readers.

Figure 12 is a diagram showing a further embodiment of offset readers.

Figure 13 is a diagram showing a plurality of readers in a plurality of races.

Figure 14 is a method of constructing a reader. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Figure 1 depicts an embodiment of a system for reading electronic animal tags. A plurality of races 91, 92, chutes, or other avenues where animals may pass through is provided. The system comprises a plurality of readers 1, wherein each reader 1 is located at or near a wall of the plurality of races. Each reader 1 within the plurality of readers is at least partially shielded by an electromagnetic shield 30. Furthermore, each reader within the plurality of readers is longitudinally offset with respect to at least one other reader in the plurality of readers.

A group of animals are collected in a yard or pen, with each animal having an electronic animal tag typically affixed to the ear or ankle, or within its rumen. The electronic animal tag may be an RFID tag or RFID device. Each animal passes through one of the races in single file. As each animal approaches a reader positioned on one of the walls of the race it is traversing, the animal's electronic animal tag is interrogated and read by the reader via an electromagnetic field generated by the reader.

Readers can unintentionally read electronic animal tags from multiple animals at the same time, or from animals traversing a race not associated with that reader. This can create tag collisions or other errata as the group or animals are individually read. Each reader 1 is longitudinally offset relative to its neighbours. In this cause, longitudinally refers to the direction of movement of the animals through the races, chutes, or other avenues. This offsets the electromagnetic field generated and used by each reader to read electronic animal tags. This offset reduces the likelihood of a reader erroneously reading electronic animal tags in races other than the single intended race. Furthermore, the electromagnetic shield 30 provided with each reader impedes electromagnetic fields generated by readers from unintentionally encroaching into a neighbouring race.

In this case, impeding may mean preventing the reading entirely. That is, the field generated by a reader may be prevented from reading a tag in a neighbouring race. Additionally or alternatively, impeding may mean attenuating a signal. That is, the field generated by a reader may be attenuated such that, while it can read a tag in a neighbouring race, the signal strength is substantially lowerthan it would have been without the shield. This may reduce the likelihood of a reader erroneously reading electronic animal tags located in multiple races. Additionally or alternatively, where a reader reads an animal tag in a neighbouring race, the signal is attenuated. This results in a lower received signal strength indicator (RSSI) which can be used to differentiate which reading should be preferred. The system may therefore provide more accurate results and higher throughput of electronic animal tag readings.

Figure 2 depicts a block diagram of an embodiment of a reader 1 which is configured to read electronic animal tags. The reader comprises a panel 10, inside of which are disposed antennae 20 and 21. The reader 1 also comprises an electromagnetic shield 30, which is either disposed within panel 10 or outside the panel 10. A controller 4 is communicatively coupled to the antennae 20, 21 through a reader interface 5. The controller may be communicatively coupled to further external devices through additional interfaces 6.

Figures 3 to 5 illustrate a reader in front view, back view, and plan view respectively. A reader 1 comprises a panel 10, antennae 20 and 21 disposed within panel 10, and electromagnetic shield 30. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic shield 30 is disposed within the panel 10. Alternatively, the shield 30 can be affixed to or positioned near the exterior of the panel 10. Each antenna 20 and 21 within the panel 10 is energized by a controller (not shown) with an electric current to generate an electromagnetic field. In some embodiments, each antenna 20 and 21 comprises a coil. In some embodiments, these coils may be substantially circular or pentagonal in shape.

The shape of the coil may be configured to charge tags irrespective of their orientation. For example, the coil may be shaped to generate a substantially uniform field across the race such that the field should charge a tag at any orientation. The direction of the magnetic field produced by each antenna during operation can be determined by the controller. For example, in the case that each antenna 20 or 21 comprises a coil, the direction of the magnetic field can be determined by the direction of current flow as provided by a power source via the controller. In this way, the magnetic field produced by antennae 20 and 21 can be configured to span a chosen race, thereby associating each antenna with a particular race.

There is no restriction on the direction of the magnetic field produced by each antenna 20 and 21. Each antenna may produce complementary fields in separate directions, and therefore be associated with separate races. Alternatively, both antennae may produce magnetic fields in the same direction, and therefore be associated with the same race.

A plurality of readers 1 are configured to be used in a stockyard or location with a plurality of races, chutes, or other avenues where animals may pass through, preferably in single file. An example embodiment of a system comprising multiple readers is shown in Figure 6. Readers 11, 12, 13 are located at or near respective walls of two separate races 91, 92, which may only represent a subset of the plurality of races. Each reader is longitudinally offset with respect to at least one other reader in the plurality of readers.

Each antenna of each reader is associated with a race to produce an electromagnetic field spanning that race. For every antenna associated with a particular race, there may be a second antenna associated with that same race disposed within a separate reader. Furthermore, at least one antenna associated with each race is impeded from transmitting or receiving information to or from an animal tag not located in that respective race by an electromagnetic shield. This impeding may prevent the reading, or may substantially attenuate the signal.

In one embodiment, the longitudinal offset of the plurality of readers in the system is configured so that two antennae associated with the same race lie in parallel planes, and may be configured to face one another. This allows for pairs of antennae associated with the same race to be utilized in a Helmholtz configuration, which may produce a stable and uniform electromagnetic field.

In the above embodiment, antennae 211 and 222 belonging to readers 11 and 12 respectively are both associated with race 91, and are both aligned along their lateral axes. They are utilized in a Helmholtz configuration to produce electromagnetic field 51 spanning race 91. Electromagnetic shield 302 disposed within reader 12 impedes antenna 222 from transmitting or receiving information to or from an animal tag not located in race 91. However, any transmission or reception to or from an electronic animal tag located in race 91 is not impeded by electromagnetic shield 302. Likewise, antennae 212 and 223 belonging to readers 12 and 13 respectively are utilized in a Helmholtz configuration to produce electromagnetic field 52 spanning race 92. Electromagnetic shield 303 impedes antenna 223 from transmitting or receiving information to or from an animal tag not located in race 92.

As each animal traverses through race 91 or 92, the animal passes at least one antenna associated with that race, and therefore passes through the electromagnetic field spanning that race. The electronic animal tag associated with that animal is illuminated and energized by the electromagnetic field, and correspondingly conveys its identification signal to the antennae. For example, this conveyance can take the form of changing the electrical load of the tag as seen by the antenna, or reradiating at a different frequency or amplitude. Those skilled in the art will recognize the varied ways that an electronic animal tag can convey its identification information.

The identification signal is detected by the least one antenna associated with the race and is passed to a controller controlling the antenna. The controller is configured to receive an identification signal from at least one animal electronic animal tag in a race based on an interaction with the electronic animal tag and the at least one antennae associated with that race. In some embodiments, the controller may interpret or decode the identification signal passed on to the controller from the at least one antennae.

In some embodiments, the panel 10 forming part of the reader 1 may be formed at least in part of fiberglass or plastic. In some embodiments, the panel 10 may be formed at least in part by two flat structures which have been laminated. In some embodiments, the panel 10 may be configured to form at least part of, and/or couple to, the wall of a race. One such embodiment is depicted in Figure 7. In this embodiment, connecting members 80 on the distal ends of panel 10 connect with correspondingly-sized receptacles 81 belonging to existing structure 82 to form one contiguous whole. Alternatively or additionally, the front or back face of the panel 10 could, for example, comprise a hook or other connecting member 83 used to mount or couple the panel onto an existing structure.

The electromagnetic shield 30 associated with reader 1 is configured to impede at least one of antennae 20 and 21 from transmitting and/or receiving information to or from an animal tag located in a race not associated with that antenna. In some embodiments, this is achieved by suitably configuring the shape and/or geometry of the electromagnetic shield, and/or by suitably positioning the electromagnetic shield relative to the respective antenna. The electromagnetic shield 30 may be disposed within the panel 10 of the reader 1. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic shield 30 is adjacent to at least one of the antennae disposed within the panel 10. In alternative embodiments, the electromagnetic shield 30 may be disposed outside the panel 10.

Figures 8 to 10 show example embodiments of the electromagnetic shield 30. The electromagnetic shield 30 may be formed at least in part of a conducting material capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation, and may be formed at least in part of copper, nickel, and/or aluminium. That is, in some cases a ferrous material may be used to attenuate the field generally, or a non-ferrous material may be used to attenuate only a radio frequency component of the field, and not attenuate a magnetic component of the field.

In some embodiments, the electromagnetic shield 30 is electrically grounded. This may be achieved by establishing an electrical connection to ground 39. Alternatively, the electromagnetic shield 30 may be electrically floating.

In one embodiment, the electromagnetic shield 30 comprises a solid or hollow conducting sheet or object. In another embodiment, the electromagnetic shield 30 comprises a conducting mesh or screen, and has associated apertures 31. For example, these apertures 31 may be rectangular or elliptical depending on how the electromagnetic shield 30 is constructed. In the case of rectangular apertures, the shape of apertures 31 is defined by the length of the sides 32 and 33 of each aperture. These sides may be equal in length, resulting in square apertures, or unequal in length, resulting in non-square rectangular apertures. In the case of circular apertures, the shape of the aperture is defined by the major axis 34 and minor axis 35. These axes may be equal in length, resulting in circular apertures, or unequal in length, resulting in non-circular elliptical apertures.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that a range of uniform or non-uniform geometrical shapes could be used to define the apertures of a conducting mesh or screen, and at a variety of angular orientations with respect to one another. These could include triangles, diamonds, and hexagons, amongst others. These could vary in their shape, their size, and/or their skew throughout the conducting mesh or screen.

In some embodiments, the electromagnetic shield 30 is configured to impede electromagnetic radiation of frequencies falling within 918 - 926 MHz, 13.553 - 13.567 MHz, 6.765 - 6.769 MHz, and/or 125 - 148.6 kHz. These embodiments of the electromagnetic shield 30 are useful when the electronic animal tags to be read comprise RFID tags or devices, as these frequency ranges represent the regulatory operating bandwidths of low-frequency to ultra-high-frequency RFID technologies. In embodiments where the electromagnetic shield comprises a conducting mesh or screen, impediment of these frequency ranges by the electromagnetic shield 30 can be achieved, for example, by configuring the dimensions of the apertures 31 comprising the conducting mesh or screen. These apertures 31 partially determine which frequencies of electromagnetic radiation are impeded by the shield, and to what extent they are impeded.

Alternatively or additionally, in embodiments where the electromagnetic shield 30 comprises a solid or hollow conducting sheet or object, impediment of the above frequency ranges by the electromagnetic shield 30 could be achieved by adjusting the thickness, geometric shape, or composition of the electromagnetic shield, all of which partially determine which frequencies of electromagnetic radiation are impeded by the shield, and to what extent they are impeded.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that the exact operating frequency ranges may vary from country to country depending on each country's respective laws and regulations, and that these laws and regulations may change over the course of time. Similarly, new RFID systems utilizing frequency ranges which differ from the above may emerge as research and development in RFID technologies progresses with time. The electromagnetic shield 30 need not be homogeneous throughout its entirety. In some embodiments, portions of the electromagnetic shield 30 may comprise a solid conducting sheet, while other portions may comprise a conducting mesh or screen. Furthermore, in embodiments of the electromagnetic shield 30 which comprise a conducting mesh or screen, the apertures 31 need not be uniform. The geometric shape of each aperture may vary throughout the conducting mesh or screen. Additionally or alternatively, the dimensions and/or skew of the apertures 31 may vary throughout the conducting mesh or screen.

Selectively impeding at least one of the antennae 20 or 21 from transmitting and/or receiving information to or from a tag not located in a race associated with that at least one antenna can be achieved, by example, by configuring the position or geometric shape of the electromagnetic shield 30 relative to the associated at least one antenna, by configuring the dimensions, shapes, and positions of apertures 31 in the case that the electromagnetic shield comprises a conducting mesh or screen, or a combination of the two.

As an example, an electromagnetic shield consisting of a solid or hollow conducting sheet or object could be disposed adjacent to a first antenna disposed within the panel of the reader, substantially impinging on its produced electromagnetic field, while not impinging on the electromagnetic field of the other antenna by virtue of the separation between them. As a further non-limiting example, an electromagnetic shield comprising a conducting mesh or screen could cover the entire front or back surface of the panel 10 of the reader 1. The dimensions of the apertures 31 defined by the portion of the conducting mesh overlapping a first antenna could be configured to impede electromagnetic radiation of a particular frequency range used in electronic animal tag reading, while the dimensions of the apertures defined by the portion of the conducting mesh overlapping a second antenna could be configured to allow electromagnetic radiation of the same frequency range to pass through substantially unimpeded.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that there are several different ways that the electromagnetic shield 30 may be configured to selectively impede at least one antenna from transmitting or receiving electromagnetic radiation of a particular frequency from races not associated with that at least one antenna. In addition to the electromagnetic shields present in each reader, systems comprising multiple readers and multiple races may use a range of different longitudinal offsets between readers to impede the reader from reading electronic animal tags from unintended races. Figure 11 depicts an embodiment where a plurality of readers 101 - 106 are placed at or near the walls of a plurality of races 900. Each reader in the plurality of readers is longitudinally offset relative to every other reader in the plurality, with no two readers in the plurality substantially aligned along their lateral axis. That is, as an animal passes through, the animal will tend to pass one reader at a time. Despite the longitudinal offset, each reader at least partially overlaps with at least one other reader along their lateral axes. Arranging the readers such that no two readers in the plurality of readers 100 substantially align along their lateral axes reduces the possibility of a given reader unintentionally reading an animal tag not located in the race associated with that reader.

In alternative embodiments, the plurality of readers may be offset such that each reader in the plurality is longitudinally offset with respect to at least one other reader in the plurality. Such embodiments of the system allow for some readers in the plurality to laterally align with other readers in the plurality. Figure 12 depicts an embodiment where a plurality of readers 101 - 106 are placed at or near the walls of a plurality of races 900. Each reader in the plurality of readers is longitudinally offset with respect to at least one other reader in the plurality and may be offset relative to its neighbours, e.g. reader 102 is longitudinally offset from readers 101 and 103. However, reader 102 is not longitudinally offset from reader 105. Furthermore, each reader at least partially overlaps with at least one other reader along their lateral axes. These embodiments of the system are useful for situations where the length of each race in the plurality of races 900 restricts the total number of races that can be used when each reader in the plurality of readers is offset from every other reader. In practice, the readers which do align in these embodiments are spaced sufficiently far apart so that the chance of a reader reading an animal tag in the race associated with a laterally-aligned reader is low.

Embodiments of the reader 1 described above need not be restricted to use with a plurality of races. In one embodiment, two readers are located at or near the walls or boundaries of a race or other avenue which animals will traverse. This race chute, or other avenue could comprise a single race in a stockyard, a loading ramp for loading or unloading animals to or from a vehicle, or the entry to a corral, amongst other examples.

The readers may be substantially aligned along their lateral axis so that the antennae within one reader are substantially aligned with the antennae within the other reader. Alternatively, the readers may be longitudinally offset such that only one antenna of the first reader and one antenna of the second reader are substantially aligned. The aligned antennas are energized by a controller such that their generated electromagnetic fields span the race or avenue which animals will traverse. The aligned antennas may be used in a Helmholtz configuration to increase the homogeneity of the electromagnetic field spanning the race, chute, or avenue.

As animals pass through the race or avenue, they necessarily pass through the electromagnetic field spanning the race or avenue, which illuminates and energises their electronic animal tags. In this way, the readers can effectively be used in systems which do not comprise a plurality of races.

An example system comprising a plurality of readers 101 - 103 in a plurality of races 901, 902 is shown in Figure 13. A plurality of readers 101 - 103 and associated controllers 41 - 43 are located at or near the walls of a plurality of races 901, 902. Each controller 41 - 43 within the plurality of controllers is configured to receive an identification signal from an identification signal from an electronic animal tag in at least one race. Each controller 41 - 43 comprises storage media configured to record identification signals from electronic animal tags and any information associated therewith, and a transmitter configured to transmit any information received by the controller and/or stored in the associated storage media of the controller.

Each race within the plurality of races further comprises a walk-over weighing system 61, 62 communicatively coupled to a controller, a gate or other structure

71, 73 communicatively coupled to a controller configured to automatically control the ingress of animals to that respective race, and a gate or other structure

72, 74 communicatively coupled to a controller configured to automatically control the egress of animals from that respective race.

In one embodiment, each reader in the plurality of readers 101 - 103 is longitudinally offset from every other reader in the plurality. Each antenna 211, 221, 212, 222, 213, 223 within each reader is energized by its associated controller 41, 42, 43, thereby generating an electromagnetic field across a race and associating that antenna with that race.

The antennae within the plurality of readers are energized in such a way that for each antenna associated with a race belonging to a particular reader in the plurality, there is a corresponding antenna also associated with that race belonging to a distinct reader in the plurality. For example, antenna 211 belonging to reader 101 is associated with race 901. Likewise, antenna 222 belonging to reader 102 is associated with race 901. Furthermore, the plurality of readers is longitudinally offset in such a way that each pair of antennae associated with a particular race are substantially aligned along their lateral axes, thereby aligning their magnetic fields. For example, antennae 211 and 222 are aligned along their lateral axes due to the longitudinal offset between readers 101 and 102. Each pair of antennae associated with a race is then utilized in a Helmholtz configuration, and each race in the plurality of races is spanned by an electromagnetic field generated by a Helmholtz pair of antennae. For example, race 901 is spanned by electromagnetic field 51 generated by antennae 211 and 222 utilised in a Helmholtz configuration. Likewise, race 902 is spanned by electromagnetic field 52 generated by antennae 212 and 223 utilised in a Helmholtz configuration.

A group of animals are collected in a yard or pen, with each animal having an electronic animal tag typically affixed to the ear or ankle, or within its rumen. The introduction of the animals to the plurality of races 901, 902 is automatically controlled by a controller via gates or other structures 71 and 73. In one embodiment, each controller automatically controls the ingress of animals into its respective race, e.g. controller 41 or 42 automatically controls the ingress of animals into race 901 through gate 71. In an alternative embodiment, a single controller automatically controls the ingress of animals into every race by controlling all ingress gates. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a variety of controller and control delegation systems could be used to automatically control the ingress of animals into the plurality of races. The automatic control of animal ingress into the plurality of races may ensure that the animals traverse through each respective race in single file, or may reduce the likelihood of bottlenecks forming in the plurality of races.

After the animals have been admitted into the plurality of races by the controller or controllers, they progress through the plurality of races. Each animal passes over the walk-over weighing system associated with the race through which the animal walks, which detects the animal's weight. This information is passed to the controller, which stores the detected weight in its storage media. For example, an animal enters race 901 through gate 71, controlled by controller 41. As it progresses down race 901, it walks over the walk-over weighing system 61, which measures the animal's weight. This measured weight is passed to controller 41 which stores the measured weight in its storage media. As the animals continue to progress through the plurality of races, each animal passes through an electromagnetic field generated by a Helmholtz pair of antennae associated with the race which the animal is walking down. The electronic animal tag associated with each animal is energized by the electromagnetic field spanning the race said animal is passing through, and correspondingly conveys its identification signal to the Helmholtz pair of antennae. This conveyance can take the form of changing the electrical load of the tag as seen by the antenna, reradiating at a different frequency or amplitude, or other possibilities. Those skilled in the art will recognize the varied ways that an electronic animal tag can convey its identification information.

The identification signal conveyed by each animal tag is detected by the pair of antennae associated with that animal's race, which then passes the detected signal to a controller associated with that race. The controller stores this information in its storage media, and may associate each received identification signal with the weight of each animal as measured by the walk-over weighing system. Furthermore, the controller may associate each identification signal it receives with the race from which that identification signal originated, and also store this association in its storage media.

To continue the previous example, the animal walking through race 901 passes through electromagnetic field 51 generated by the pair of antennae 211 and 222 associated with race 901. The electronic animal tag associated with the animal is illuminated by the electromagnetic field 51 generated by pair 211, 222, and its identification signal is conveyed to the pair 211, 222 which then pass the identification signal to controller 41. Controller 41 stores this identification signal in its storage media, and may associate the received identification signal with the weight of the animal as previously weighed by walk-over weighing system 61. Additionally, the controller may associate either or both of the identification signal and/or the animal's weight with race 901, which is the race wherefrom the identification signal originated.

It is possible for a reader to unintentionally read electronic animal tags located in multiple or unintended races, which can cause tag collisions or erroneous readings. The longitudinal offset between readers 101, 102, 103 helps to reduce the likelihood that these unintentional readings will occur. As each reader is longitudinally offset from at least one other reader in the plurality, the electromagnetic fields 51 and 52 spanning the races 901 and 902 are similarly offset. Ensuring that the electromagnetic fields spanning neighbouring races are not aligned reduces the likelihood of a reader unintentionally reading an electronic animal tag located in an unintentional race.

Furthermore, each reader 101, 102, 103 is at least partially shielded by an associated electromagnetic shield 301 302 303. These further reduce the likelihood of tag misreading. The electromagnetic shields 301, 302, 303 are configured to impede an antenna belonging to respective readers 101, 102, 103 from transmitting and/or receiving information to/from an electronic animal tag not located in the respective race of that antenna, or at least to attenuate the signal between the readers. For example, antenna 222 is impeded from reading electronic animal tags in race 902 by electromagnetic shield 302.

Once an animal's weight has been measured via a walk-over weighing system 61 and its electronic animal tag has been read by one or more readers, the animal is allowed to egress through the gate or other structure 72 or 74 automatically controlled by an associated controller. If the associated controller has not received an identification signal from the animal's electronic animal tag, or the walk-over weighing system has not successfully measured the animal's weight, the controller may not allow the animal to egress through the gate or structure. Furthermore, the associated controller may not allow any further animals to ingress via the gate or other structure 71, 73 until the animal currently in the race has egressed. The automatic control of animal ingress and egress may make the identification of malfunctioning animal tags easier, or may simplify identifying when a tag is being misread or not read at all.

The plurality of identification signals received from the plurality of electronic animal tags which are stored in the storage media of controllers 41 - 43, along with their corresponding associations with the plurality of walk-over weighing systems and plurality of races, can be transmitted by said controllers. These transmissions can occur frequently, with, for example, each identification signal and its corresponding associations being transmitted by each controller as the electronic animal tag corresponding to that identification signal is read. Alternatively, the controllers may transmit the entire record of identification signals and associations once the entire group or herd of animals has been read. Those skilled in the art will recognize the various schedules that the controllers could implement to transmit information.

The possible device or devices used to receive transmissions from the controller 41 - 43 are extensive. These may include smartphones or other mobile or handheld devices configured to receive transmissions from the controller. Alternatively or additionally, these may include non-portable devices such as personal computers or repeater stations configured to receive transmissions from the controller. The transmissions could utilize Bluetooth, Zigbee, cellular signals, or other transmission techniques or protocols. Those skilled in the art will recognize the wide variety of devices which could be used to receive transmissions from the controllers, and the wide variety of transmission techniques or protocols that the controllers and receiving devices could use. Method of manufacturing

A reader used in the above system may be manufactured through a method 600 shown in Figure 14.

At step 601, two flat structures are formed. This may comprise routing a plastic panel to a predetermined configuration, shape, or profile in order to create a flat structure to form part of a panel. Alternatively, other manufacturing techniques such as moulding, 3D printing, or fabrication may be used according to the requirements of the application.

The flat structures may be formed at least in part by several materials, including plastic or fiberglass. These may include thermoset polymers including epoxy, polyester resin, or a thermoplastic. Particularly in embodiments where the flat structures are formed at least in part of fiberglass, the flat structures may be formed at least in part of chop strand mat and resin, and formed using a mould and hand lay-up technique. The flat structures may comprise members to engage or couple to antennae or an electromagnetic shield.

At step 602, one or more antennae are provided between the flat structures. This may comprise winding an electrical conductor onto at least one of the flat structures via one or more of the engagement or coupling members which form at least part of at least one of the flat structures. This may involve winding a left electrical conductor onto a left member, and/or winding a right electrical conductor onto a right member. These wound electrical conductors and may comprise coils. In particular, the electrical conductors may be wound in a circular/oval or pentagonal shape. However, those skilled in the art will recognize the wide variety of possible shapes that could be achieved by winding.

The antenna may be located within a groove of a respective flat structure. This allows the flat structure to maintain its profile after the antenna is installed. In other embodiments, providing antennae between the flat structures may comprise affixing antennae to at least one of the flat structures. This could be achieved by securing pre-formed antennae or pre-wound coils to engagement or coupling members which form at least part of the flat structures. These could be affixed through a variety of means such as epoxy or adhesives, or through mechanical means such as rivets or screws and plates.

At step 603, an electromagnetic shield is provided between the flat structures. This may comprise affixing an electromagnetic shield to one of the flat structures. In some embodiments, this may comprise affixing an electromagnetic shield within a groove in the flat structure, to allow the flat structure to maintain its profile after the electromagnetic shield is installed. This could be achieved by using epoxy or other adhesives, or through mechanical means.

In some cases, the shield may be a mesh or the like, which is adhered to the flat surface using a glue or other adhesive. The glue can penetrate and fuse through the mesh. This avoids creating a weak spot which may otherwise be created when using a mesh.

In other embodiments, affixing an electromagnetic shield to one of the flat structures may comprise affixing the entire electromagnetic shield flush with the inside face of one of the flat structures. This could be achieved through adhesive or mechanical means, and may prove especially useful in embodiments of readers comprising an electromagnetic shield comprising a conducting mesh or screen.

At step 604, the two flat structures are joined together.

Prior to joining the two flat structures together, a cover may be bonded over the antennae. The antennae or wound electrical conductors may be terminated in an electrical circuit or electrical conductor, which may comprise cabling and a plug. Interfaces between the reader and the controller or other external devices may also be electrically connected to the antennae.

Joining the two flat structures together may comprise laminating the two flat structures together. This may comprise applying heat to each flat structure while sandwiching the two together. Additional bonding or sealing agents may be employed, such as silicone, to ensure that the structures are properly joined into a single structure, and to ensure that the produced structure is watertight. Alternatively, the joining of the two flat structures may comprise joining through adhesive means, such as epoxy, or joining through mechanical means, such as rivets, screws, and nuts. Additionally these methods may comprise the further use of bonding or sealing agents to prevent ingress of water into the reader.

Interpretation

The term "comprises" and other grammatical forms is intended to have an inclusive meaning unless otherwise noted. That is, they should be taken to mean an inclusion of the listed components, and possibly of other non-specified components or elements.

The present invention has been illustrated by the description of some embodiments. While these embodiments have been described in detail, this should not be taken to restrict or limit the scope of the claims to those details. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details of the illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, modifications may be made to the details without departing from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept.